EP0128456B1 - Piezoelectrically actuated writing head - Google Patents

Piezoelectrically actuated writing head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0128456B1
EP0128456B1 EP84106141A EP84106141A EP0128456B1 EP 0128456 B1 EP0128456 B1 EP 0128456B1 EP 84106141 A EP84106141 A EP 84106141A EP 84106141 A EP84106141 A EP 84106141A EP 0128456 B1 EP0128456 B1 EP 0128456B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
plate
transducers
nozzles
spacer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84106141A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0128456A2 (en
EP0128456A3 (en
Inventor
Kenth Dipl.-Ing. Nilsson
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0128456A2 publication Critical patent/EP0128456A2/en
Publication of EP0128456A3 publication Critical patent/EP0128456A3/en
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Publication of EP0128456B1 publication Critical patent/EP0128456B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2002/14387—Front shooter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a writing instrument working with liquid droplets.
  • a writing instrument of this type is known, for example, from DE-PS 25 27 647.
  • a plate with conical nozzles is provided, on one side of which are rod-shaped piezoelectric transducers.
  • the transducers are designed as bending elements and connected at both ends via a web. When these rod-shaped transducers are excited, they first lift off the nozzle plate in a quasi-arc shape, suck in the ink and then strike back, one drop being expelled through the nozzles.
  • the length of the excitation pulses depends on the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric transducers and on the damping properties of the system.
  • JP-A-58-55253 describes an ink spray head with an ink chamber and a piezoelectric transducer, to which a negative voltage is applied in the suction phase, which deflects the transducer outwards with respect to the ink chamber and increases the ink chamber volume.
  • a positive impulse is applied to the transducer, so that it is bent out in the opposite direction and the ink chamber volume is reduced.
  • the converter In the de-energized, de-energized state, the converter extends on one level.
  • the object of the present invention is to increase the maximum drop frequency in a writing instrument of the type mentioned at the beginning and at the same time to improve the drop formation and drop rate.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that, in the non-excited converter state, the linear distance between the connection points of the two ends of each converter with the plate is smaller than the length of the rod-shaped converter located between them.
  • the transducers are therefore in the rest position between the attachment points in an arc above the nozzle plate.
  • This has the advantage that writing fluid is constantly under the individual transducer elements when the transducer is not excited. To eject a drop, such a voltage is applied to the contact of the corresponding piezoelectric transducer, which causes the rod to be shortened.
  • the converter lies flat against the nozzle plate. Immediately after the excitation, the transducer returns to its curved starting position, so that the entire time between two successive excitations is available for filling with writing fluid.
  • Another advantage is that critical overexcitation cannot occur since the rod-shaped transducer can never become more than flat. If the voltage is too high, only the nozzle plate can be stressed a little and the drop speed can be increased under certain circumstances. Due to the insensitivity to these overexcitations, it is possible to operate all transducers with voltage pulses of the same amplitude.
  • a further advantage is that the drop can be pinched off immediately after the excitation due to the rapid return to the curved starting position. In this way it is prevented that the ejected drop is unnecessarily braked by a liquid thread which connects the drop to the liquid in the writing nozzle before the drop comes off. It is also possible to prevent the occurrence of so-called satellite drops. Overall, this enables a noticeable improvement in the typeface.
  • the piezoelectric transducers consist of a laminate of piezoelectric ceramic and metal, the metal layer facing the nozzles.
  • This metal layer increases the mechanical stability of the individual rod-shaped transducers.
  • it has an additional effect in the present invention. As already stated, such a voltage is applied to the contacting of the transducer for excitation that it shortens and thus comes to lie flat against the nozzle plate. In the worst case, if the voltage is removed in the case of transducers consisting solely of piezoceramic, the transducer may not return to its curved rest position. This is prevented by the additional metal layer.
  • the thickness of the metal layer can advantageously be smaller than that of the piezoceramic.
  • the metal layer extends beyond the piezoceramic at both ends and the transducer is connected to the nozzle plate in these areas.
  • a simple and secure connection results from welding.
  • a simple method for attaching the transducers to the nozzle plate is to first place a spacer across the nozzles, over which the transducer rods are placed in front of the Connect with the nozzle plate and that the spacer is removed after connecting.
  • a fixed thread or wire can be used as a spacer. The spacer ensures that the transducers in the rest area of the nozzle are all at the same distance from the nozzle plate. Even if the length of the individual transducer rods is subject to certain fluctuations, this connection method, in which the distance of each transducer end from the nozzle plate is fixed and the lateral fixing points are still fixed, achieves the same arc length and thus the same enclosed liquid volume for all transducers.
  • the design of the transducers according to the invention results in the possibility, in terms of production technology, of simply producing a robust writing instrument with virtually any writing width. If, for example, it is assumed that a certain number of rod-shaped transducers are combined to form a segment in such a way that the transducers are connected to one another at both ends via a web, then only a number of such segments corresponding to the desired writing width need to be fixed next to one another on the nozzle plate to become.
  • the transducer design according to the invention also has a number of advantages over the known liquid jet recorders with rod-shaped transducers which are only clamped on one side.
  • the ratio between the lateral bending strength and that in the direction of deflection must be greater, which requires a thinner and therefore more sensitive ceramic, which requires a higher quality of the ceramic and more careful processing.
  • a number of fastening problems occur with the rod-shaped transducers fastened on one side, which under certain circumstances make it necessary to reinforce the rod-shaped transducers and, moreover, generally place much higher demands on the accuracy of the fastening.
  • the transducer clamped on one side presses a large amount of writing fluid between the transducer and the plate in the longitudinal direction of the transducer and not perpendicular to it through the nozzle.
  • the transducers according to the present invention also press writing fluid from the two fastening points towards the center of the transducer.
  • these two writing fluid waves are directed towards each other and hit in the middle, i.e. in the area of the nozzle, from which they are then ultimately pushed out.
  • the converter according to the invention is a more effective “drop generator” than the known converter clamped on one side.
  • the liquid jet recorder according to the invention thus has a better electro-mechanical efficiency and can be operated with a lower electrical voltage, as a result of which the total energy consumption can be further reduced.
  • the outer basic structure of the writing instrument can be seen from FIG. 4.
  • the recording medium (normal registration paper) 3 is drawn in the direction of arrow 4 over the spacer 5 on the front side 6 of the housing 7.
  • the connecting line 8 is guided, which is provided at its free end with a plug 9 for connection to a corresponding control device which supplies the control signals for recording the desired courses, characters or images.
  • the end face 6 of the housing 7 contains the nozzle plate shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the nozzles arranged in a row being arranged transversely to the paper transport device, if possible over the entire paper width. It is also conceivable to arrange one or more rows of nozzles lying in the paper transport direction next to one another and to move them across the paper transport direction, as with a printer.
  • the nozzle plate 10 contains conical nozzles 12.
  • a transducer 11 is arranged above each nozzle.
  • the transducer consists of bilaminar material made of piezoelectric ceramic 13 and metal 14, e.g. Nikkel.
  • the thickness of the nickel layer 14 is significantly less than the thickness of the piezoelectric material.
  • the nickel layer 14 extends beyond the ends of the piezoelectric layer 13. In these outstanding areas, the nickel layer is rigidly connected to the nozzle plate 10 by welding.
  • the transducer is curved approximately in an arc.
  • the distance between the connection points can be 5 mm, for example.
  • the maximum distance of the transducer 11 from the nozzle plate 10 should be 30 J.1m, for example.
  • the necessary length of the transducer in the non-excited state therefore only needs to be slightly larger than the distance between the clamping points. In the example chosen, the length of the converter between the clamping points is approx. 5,001 mm.
  • the representation of the contacting of the converter is shown been waived. However, if a voltage is applied to the contact, the converter shortens and changes to the stretched position shown in dashed lines. The writing fluid located between the transducer 11 and the nozzle plate 10 is ejected through the nozzle 12.
  • Fig. 2 shows a slightly modified embodiment. The only difference is the connection of the transducer ends to the nozzle plate.
  • the nozzle plate 20 is provided with a groove 21 into which the ends of the curved transducers 22 engage.
  • the length of the metal layer is equal to that of the piezoelectric material.
  • the ends of the transducer are pressed into the groove 21 by means of clips 27, 28 and screws 29.
  • Fig. 2 is also indicated how the transducers are attached to the nozzle plate 20.
  • a stiff thread 23 is provided as a spacer, which is stretched perpendicular to the transducers across the nozzle plate exactly in the area of the nozzles.
  • the transducer elements are then placed over this thread 23 and the ends bent towards the nozzle plate 20 and connected to the nozzle plate.
  • the thread 23 is then pulled out laterally. This ensures that all transducers 22 have the same center distance from the nozzle in the rest position.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of a nozzle plate with transducers according to FIG. 2.
  • the transducers 22 are connected to one another at their two ends via a web 25 or 26. This considerably simplifies the manufacture of such a converter segment with a large number of converters lying in parallel.
  • the rod-shaped transducers 22 lying exactly parallel to one another are produced from a disc-shaped laminate by sawing in slots of equal length. After the transducers are inserted into the groove 21 with their end webs 25, 26 in the bent state, they are fixed in this position by means of two clamps 27 and 28, which are fastened to the nozzle plate in this exemplary embodiment with four screws 29.

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein mit Flüssigkeitströpfchen arbeitendes Schreibgerät gemäss dem Oberbegriff des vorliegenden Anspruches 1. Ein derartiges Schreibgerät ist beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 25 27 647 bekannt. Dabei ist eine Platte mit konischen Düsen vorgesehen, an deren einer Seite stabförmige piezoelektrische Wandler liegen. Die Wandler sind als Biegeelemente ausgebildet und an beiden Enden über einen Steg verbunden. Bei der Excitation dieser stabförmigen Wandler heben diese zunächst quasi bogenförmig von der Düsenplatte ab, saugen die Tinte an und schlagen anschliessend zurück, wobei jeweils ein Tropfen durch die Düsen ausgestossen wird. Die Länge der Excitationsimpulse hängt von der Resonanzfrequenz der piezoelektrischen Wandler und von den Dämpfungseigenschaften des Systemes ab. Sie wird darüber hinaus wesentlich durch die Zeit bestimmt, die zum Füllen des Raumes zwischen Wandler und Düsenplatte mit Schreibflüssigkeit notwendig ist. Diese Füllzeit ist u.a. abhängig von der Viskosität und der Oberflächenspannung der Schreibflüssigkeit, die für eine elektrisch nicht leitende, nicht trocknende, nicht toxische gefärbte Schreibflüssigkeit nur begrenzt beeinflussbar sind. Gerade bei den beidseitig eingespannten Wandlern kann der Strömungswiderstand für das Auffüllen recht gross sein, so dass die Länge der Excitationspulse im wesentlichen von der Auffüllzeit abhängt.The invention relates to a writing instrument working with liquid droplets. A writing instrument of this type is known, for example, from DE-PS 25 27 647. A plate with conical nozzles is provided, on one side of which are rod-shaped piezoelectric transducers. The transducers are designed as bending elements and connected at both ends via a web. When these rod-shaped transducers are excited, they first lift off the nozzle plate in a quasi-arc shape, suck in the ink and then strike back, one drop being expelled through the nozzles. The length of the excitation pulses depends on the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric transducers and on the damping properties of the system. It is also largely determined by the time it takes to fill the space between the transducer and the nozzle plate with writing fluid. This filling time is depending on the viscosity and the surface tension of the writing fluid, which can only be influenced to a limited extent for an electrically non-conductive, non-drying, non-toxic colored writing fluid. In the case of the transducers clamped on both sides, the flow resistance for the filling can be quite large, so that the length of the excitation pulses essentially depends on the filling time.

Die JP-A-58-55253 beschreibt einen Tintenspritzkopf mit einer Tintenkammer und einem piezoelektrischen Wandler, an den in der Ansaugphase eine negative Spannung angelegt wird, die den Wandler in Bezug auf die Tintenkammer nach aussen ausbiegt und das Tintenkammervolumen vergrössert. In der Ausstossphase wird hingegen ein positiver Impuls an den Wandler angelegt, so dass derselbe in der entgegengesetzten Richtung ausgebogen wird und das Tintenkammervolumen verkleinert. In nicht erregtem, spannungslosen Zustand erstreckt sich der Wandler in einer Ebene.JP-A-58-55253 describes an ink spray head with an ink chamber and a piezoelectric transducer, to which a negative voltage is applied in the suction phase, which deflects the transducer outwards with respect to the ink chamber and increases the ink chamber volume. In the ejection phase, however, a positive impulse is applied to the transducer, so that it is bent out in the opposite direction and the ink chamber volume is reduced. In the de-energized, de-energized state, the converter extends on one level.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Schreibgerät der eingangs genannten Art die maximale Tropfenfrequenz zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig die Tropfenbildung und -geschwindigkeit zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to increase the maximum drop frequency in a writing instrument of the type mentioned at the beginning and at the same time to improve the drop formation and drop rate.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass im nicht erregten Wandlerzustand der lineare Abstand der Verbindungspunkte der beiden Enden jeden Wandlers mit der Platte kleiner ist als die Länge des dazwischen liegenden stabförmigen Wandlers. Die Wandler liegen daher in Ruhelage zwischen den Befestigungspunkten bogenförmig über der Düsenplatte. Das hat den Vorteil, dass sich Schreibflüssigkeit im nicht erregten Wandlerzustand ständig unter den einzelnen Wandlerelementen befindet. Zum Ausstossen eines Tropfens wird eine derartige Spannung an die Kontaktierung des entsprechenden piezoelektrischen Wandlers gelegt, die eine Verkürzung des Stabes bewirkt. Der Wandler legt sich dabei plan gegen die Düsenplatte. Unmittelbar nach der Excitation kehrt der Wandler in seine gebogene Ausgangslage zurück, so dass die gesamte Zeit zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Excitationen zum Auffüllen mit Schreibflüssigkeit zur Verfügung steht. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass es nicht zu einer kritischen Überexcitation kommen kann, da der stabförmige Wandler nie mehr als plan werden kann. Bei einer zu grossen Spannung kann lediglich die Düsenplatte etwas beansprucht und unter Umständen die Tropfengeschwindigkeit etwas erhöht werden. Durch die Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber diesen Überexcitationen ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, alle Wandler mit Spannungsimpulsen gleicher Amplitude zu betreiben.This object is achieved according to the invention in that, in the non-excited converter state, the linear distance between the connection points of the two ends of each converter with the plate is smaller than the length of the rod-shaped converter located between them. The transducers are therefore in the rest position between the attachment points in an arc above the nozzle plate. This has the advantage that writing fluid is constantly under the individual transducer elements when the transducer is not excited. To eject a drop, such a voltage is applied to the contact of the corresponding piezoelectric transducer, which causes the rod to be shortened. The converter lies flat against the nozzle plate. Immediately after the excitation, the transducer returns to its curved starting position, so that the entire time between two successive excitations is available for filling with writing fluid. Another advantage is that critical overexcitation cannot occur since the rod-shaped transducer can never become more than flat. If the voltage is too high, only the nozzle plate can be stressed a little and the drop speed can be increased under certain circumstances. Due to the insensitivity to these overexcitations, it is possible to operate all transducers with voltage pulses of the same amplitude.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass durch das schnelle Zurückkehren in die gebogene Ausgangslage unmittelbar nach der Excitation ein Abschnüren des Tropfen möglich ist. Auf diese Art und Weise wird verhindert, dass der ausgestossene Tropfen unnötig durch einen Flüssigkeitsfaden, der den Tropfen mit der Flüssigkeit in der Schreibdüse verbindet, gebremst wird, bevor der Tropfen sich davon löst. Zusätzlich besteht die Möglichkeit, das Auftreten sog. Satellittropfen zu verhindern. Insgesamt wird dadurch eine merkliche Verbesserung des Schriftbildes ermöglicht.A further advantage is that the drop can be pinched off immediately after the excitation due to the rapid return to the curved starting position. In this way it is prevented that the ejected drop is unnecessarily braked by a liquid thread which connects the drop to the liquid in the writing nozzle before the drop comes off. It is also possible to prevent the occurrence of so-called satellite drops. Overall, this enables a noticeable improvement in the typeface.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die piezoelektrischen Wandler aus einem Laminat aus piezoelektrischer Keramik und Metall bestehen, wobei die Metallschicht den Düsen zugewandt ist. Diese Metallschicht erhöht die mechanische Stabilität der einzelnen stabförmigen Wandler. Darüber hinaus bewirkt sie bei der vorliegenden Erfindung jedoch noch einen zusätzlichen Effekt. Wie bereits ausgeführt, wird zur Excitation eine derartige Spannung an die Kontaktierung des Wandlers gelegt, dass dieser sich verkürzt und damit plan gegen die Düsenplatte zu liegen kommt. Bei Wegnahme der Spannung könnte es bei allein aus Piezokeramik bestehenden Wandlern ungünstigenfalles dazu führen, dass der Wandler nicht in seine gebogene Ruhelage zurückkehrt. Durch die zusätzliche Metallschicht wird dies sicher verhindert. Bei der Excitation tritt keine aktive Längenänderung in der Metallschicht auf, so dass diese beim Anliegen des Wandlers an der Düsenplatte unter mechanischer Spannung steht, die den Wandler nach Wegnahme der elektrischen Spannung sofort wieder in die gebogene Lage zurückführt. Vorteilhafterweise kann dazu die Dicke der Metallschicht kleiner sein als die der Piezokeramik.In a further development of the invention, it is provided that the piezoelectric transducers consist of a laminate of piezoelectric ceramic and metal, the metal layer facing the nozzles. This metal layer increases the mechanical stability of the individual rod-shaped transducers. In addition, however, it has an additional effect in the present invention. As already stated, such a voltage is applied to the contacting of the transducer for excitation that it shortens and thus comes to lie flat against the nozzle plate. In the worst case, if the voltage is removed in the case of transducers consisting solely of piezoceramic, the transducer may not return to its curved rest position. This is prevented by the additional metal layer. During the excitation, there is no active change in length in the metal layer, so that when the transducer is in contact with the nozzle plate, it is under mechanical tension, which immediately returns the transducer to the bent position after the electrical voltage has been removed. For this purpose, the thickness of the metal layer can advantageously be smaller than that of the piezoceramic.

Um die starre Verbindung der Wandlerenden mit der Düsenplatte weiter zu vereinfachen, ist vorgesehen, dass sich die Metallschicht an beiden Enden über die Piezokeramik hinaus erstreckt und der Wandler in diesen Bereichen mit der Düsenplatte verbunden ist. Eine einfache und sichere Verbindung ergibt sich dabei durch Schweissen.In order to further simplify the rigid connection of the transducer ends to the nozzle plate, it is provided that the metal layer extends beyond the piezoceramic at both ends and the transducer is connected to the nozzle plate in these areas. A simple and secure connection results from welding.

Ein einfaches Verfahren zum Anbringen der Wandler auf der Düsenplatte besteht darin, dass zunächst quer über die Düsen ein Distanzstück gelegt wird, über das die Wandlerstäbe vor dem Verbinden mit der Düsenplatte gebogen werden und dass nach dem Verbinden das Distanzstück entfernt wird. Als Distanzstück kann ein fester Faden oder Draht verwendet werden. Durch das Distanzstück ist sichergestellt, dass die Wandler in Bereich der Düse in Ruhelage alle den gleichen Abstand von der Düsenplatte haben. Selbst wenn die Länge der einzelnen Wandlerstäbe gewissen Schwankungen unterliegen sollte, wird durch dieses Verbindungsverfahren, bei dem der Abstand jedes Wandlerendes von der Düsenplatte festliegt und weiterhin die seitlichen Fixierungspunkte festliegen, bei allen Wandlern die gleiche Bogenlänge und damit gleiches eingeschlossenes Flüssigkeitsvolumen erreicht.A simple method for attaching the transducers to the nozzle plate is to first place a spacer across the nozzles, over which the transducer rods are placed in front of the Connect with the nozzle plate and that the spacer is removed after connecting. A fixed thread or wire can be used as a spacer. The spacer ensures that the transducers in the rest area of the nozzle are all at the same distance from the nozzle plate. Even if the length of the individual transducer rods is subject to certain fluctuations, this connection method, in which the distance of each transducer end from the nozzle plate is fixed and the lateral fixing points are still fixed, achieves the same arc length and thus the same enclosed liquid volume for all transducers.

Insgesamt ergibt sich durch die erfindungsgemässe Ausbildung der Wandler die Möglichkeit, herstellungstechnisch einfach ein robustes Schreibgerät mit praktisch beliebiger Schreibbreite herzustellen. Geht man beispielsweise davon aus, dass eine bestimmte Anzahl von stabförmigen Wandlern jeweils derart zu einem Segment zusammengefasst sind, dass die Wandler an beiden Enden über einen Steg miteinander verbunden sind, so brauchen nur eine der gewünschten Schreibbreite entsprechende Anzahl derartiger Segmente nebeneinander auf der Düsenplatte fixiert zu werden.Overall, the design of the transducers according to the invention results in the possibility, in terms of production technology, of simply producing a robust writing instrument with virtually any writing width. If, for example, it is assumed that a certain number of rod-shaped transducers are combined to form a segment in such a way that the transducers are connected to one another at both ends via a web, then only a number of such segments corresponding to the desired writing width need to be fixed next to one another on the nozzle plate to become.

Es sei an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass die erfindungsgemässe Wandlerausbildung eine Reihe von Vorteilen auch gegenüber den bekannten Flüssigkeitsstrahlschreibern mit stabförmigen und nur einseitig eingespannten Wandlern aufweist. Bei diesen muss das Verhältnis zwischen der seitlichen Biegefestigkeit und der in Auslenkungsrichtung grösser sein, wodurch eine dünnere und damit empfindlichere Keramik notwendig ist, die eine höhere Qualität der Keramik und eine sorgfältigere Bearbeitung erforderlich macht. Ausserdem treten bei den einseitig befestigten stabförmigen Wandlern eine Reihe von Befestigungsproblemen auf, die unter Umständen eine Armierung der stabförmigen Wandler notwendig machen und darüber hinaus ganz allgemein sehr viel höhere Anforderungen an die Genauigkeit der Befestigung stellen.At this point, it should be pointed out that the transducer design according to the invention also has a number of advantages over the known liquid jet recorders with rod-shaped transducers which are only clamped on one side. In these, the ratio between the lateral bending strength and that in the direction of deflection must be greater, which requires a thinner and therefore more sensitive ceramic, which requires a higher quality of the ceramic and more careful processing. In addition, a number of fastening problems occur with the rod-shaped transducers fastened on one side, which under certain circumstances make it necessary to reinforce the rod-shaped transducers and, moreover, generally place much higher demands on the accuracy of the fastening.

Weiterhin drückt der einseitig eingespannte Wandler bei der Excitation eine grosse Menge Schreibflüssigkeit zwischen dem Wandler und der Platte in Längsrichtung des Wandlers und nicht senkrecht dazu durch die Düse. Diese zusätzliche Arbeit, die der Wandler auf diese Art leistet, wird nicht ausgenutzt. Auch die Wandler gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung drücken Schreibflüssigkeit von den beiden Befestigungspunkten in Richtung auf die Mitte des Wandlers. Diese beiden Schreibflüssigkeitswellen sind jedoch gegeneinander gerichtet und treffen in der Mitte, d.h. im Bereich der Düse zusammen, aus der sie dann letztendlich herausgedrückt werden. Das bedeutet aber, dass der erfindungsgemässe Wandler ein effektiverer «Tropfengenerator» ist als der bekannte einseitig eingespannte Wandler. Der erfindungsgemässe Flüssigkeitsstrahlschreiber hat damit einen besseren elektro-mechanischen Wirkungsgrad und kann mit einer geringeren elektrischen Spannung betrieben werden, wodurch der gesamte Energieverbrauch weiterhin abgesenkt werden kann.Furthermore, during the excitation, the transducer clamped on one side presses a large amount of writing fluid between the transducer and the plate in the longitudinal direction of the transducer and not perpendicular to it through the nozzle. This additional work that the converter does in this way is not exploited. The transducers according to the present invention also press writing fluid from the two fastening points towards the center of the transducer. However, these two writing fluid waves are directed towards each other and hit in the middle, i.e. in the area of the nozzle, from which they are then ultimately pushed out. However, this means that the converter according to the invention is a more effective “drop generator” than the known converter clamped on one side. The liquid jet recorder according to the invention thus has a better electro-mechanical efficiency and can be operated with a lower electrical voltage, as a result of which the total energy consumption can be further reduced.

Anhand von vier Figuren werden im folgenden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher beschrieben und erläutert. Dabei zeigt

  • Fig. 1 im Schnitt eine Seitenansicht durch die Düsenplatte mit den erfindungsgemässen stabförmigen Wandlern,
  • Fig. 2 eine Variante der Wandlerbefestigung wiederum im Schnitt und
  • Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf die Düsenplatte gemäss Fig. 2 und
  • Fig. 4 eine schematische Gesamtansicht eines Schreibgerätes.
Four exemplary embodiments of the invention are described and explained in more detail with reference to four figures. It shows
  • 1 is a sectional side view through the nozzle plate with the rod-shaped transducers according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 shows a variant of the transducer attachment again in section and
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of the nozzle plate according to Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic overall view of a writing instrument.

Aus der Fig. 4 ist der äussere Prinzipaufbau des Schreibgerätes ersichtlich. Über die Transportrollen 1 und 2 wird der Aufzeichnungsträger (normales Registrierpapier) 3 in Richtung des Pfeiles 4 über den Abstandshalter 5 an der Stirnseite 6 des Gehäuses 7 vorbeigezogen. In das Gehäuse 7 ist die Anschlussleitung 8 geführt, die an ihrem freien Ende mit einem Stecker 9 versehen ist zum Anschluss an ein entsprechendes Steuergerät, das die Steuersignale für die Aufzeichnung der gewünschten Verläufe, Zeichen oder Bilder liefert. Die Stirnseite 6 des Gehäuses 7 enthält die in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellte Düsenplatte, wobei die in einer Reihe angeordneten Düsen quer zur Papiertransportvorrichtung, nach Möglichkeit über die gesamte Papierbreite angeordnet sind. Ebenso ist es auch denkbar, eine oder mehrere in Papiertransportrichtung liegende Düsenreihen nebeneinander anzuordnen und diese wie bei einem Printer quer zur Papiertransportrichtung zu verschieben.The outer basic structure of the writing instrument can be seen from FIG. 4. About the transport rollers 1 and 2, the recording medium (normal registration paper) 3 is drawn in the direction of arrow 4 over the spacer 5 on the front side 6 of the housing 7. In the housing 7, the connecting line 8 is guided, which is provided at its free end with a plug 9 for connection to a corresponding control device which supplies the control signals for recording the desired courses, characters or images. The end face 6 of the housing 7 contains the nozzle plate shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the nozzles arranged in a row being arranged transversely to the paper transport device, if possible over the entire paper width. It is also conceivable to arrange one or more rows of nozzles lying in the paper transport direction next to one another and to move them across the paper transport direction, as with a printer.

Fig. 1 zeigt nun einen Schnitt durch eine Düsenplatte 10 mit den erfindungsgemässen stabförmigen Wandlern 11. Die Düsenplatte 10 enthält konisch verlaufende Düsen 12. Über jeder Düse ist ein Wandler 11 angeordnet. Gemäss Fig. 1 besteht der Wandler aus bilaminarem Material aus piezoelektrischer Keramik 13 und Metall 14, z.B. Nikkel. Die Dicke der Nickelschicht 14 ist dabei wesentlich geringer als die Dicke des piezoelektrischen Materiales. Ausserdem erstreckt sich die Nickelschicht 14 über die Enden der piezoelektrischen Schicht 13 hinaus. In diesen überragenden Bereichen ist die Nickelschicht durch Schweissen starr mit der Düsenplatte 10 verbunden.1 now shows a section through a nozzle plate 10 with the rod-shaped transducers 11 according to the invention. The nozzle plate 10 contains conical nozzles 12. A transducer 11 is arranged above each nozzle. 1, the transducer consists of bilaminar material made of piezoelectric ceramic 13 and metal 14, e.g. Nikkel. The thickness of the nickel layer 14 is significantly less than the thickness of the piezoelectric material. In addition, the nickel layer 14 extends beyond the ends of the piezoelectric layer 13. In these outstanding areas, the nickel layer is rigidly connected to the nozzle plate 10 by welding.

Wie dieser Figur zu entnehmen ist, ist der Wandler dabei etwa bogenförmig gewölbt. Der Abstand zwischen den Verbindungspunkten kann beispielsweise 5 mm betragen. Der maximale Abstand des Wandlers 11 von der Düsenplatte 10 soll beispielsweise 30 J.1m betragen. Die notwendige Länge des Wandlers im nicht erregten Zustand braucht daher nur geringfügig grösser zu sein als der Abstand zwischen den Einspannpunkten. Bei dem gewählten Beispiel beträgt die Länge des Wandlers zwischen den Einspannpunkten ca. 5.001 mm.As can be seen from this figure, the transducer is curved approximately in an arc. The distance between the connection points can be 5 mm, for example. The maximum distance of the transducer 11 from the nozzle plate 10 should be 30 J.1m, for example. The necessary length of the transducer in the non-excited state therefore only needs to be slightly larger than the distance between the clamping points. In the example chosen, the length of the converter between the clamping points is approx. 5,001 mm.

Auf die Darstellung der Kontaktierung des Wandlers ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel verzichtet worden. Wird jedoch an die Kontaktierung eine Spannung angelegt, so verkürzt sich der Wandler und geht in die gestrichelt eingezeichnete gestreckte Lage über. Dabei wird die sich zwischen Wandler 11 und Düsenplatte 10 befindende Schreibflüssigkeit durch die Düse 12 ausgestossen.In this exemplary embodiment, the representation of the contacting of the converter is shown been waived. However, if a voltage is applied to the contact, the converter shortens and changes to the stretched position shown in dashed lines. The writing fluid located between the transducer 11 and the nozzle plate 10 is ejected through the nozzle 12.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein etwas abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel. Der einzige Unterschied besteht in der Verbindung der Wandlerenden mit der Düsenplatte. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Düsenplatte 20 mit einer Nut 21 versehen, in die die Enden der gebogenen Wandler 22 eingreifen. Die Länge der Metallschicht ist dabei gleich der des piezoelektrischen Materiales. Über eine Klammer 27, 28 und Schrauben 29 werden die Wandlerenden in die Nut 21 gepresst. In Fig. 2 ist gleichzeitig angedeutet, wie die Wandler an der Düsenplatte 20 befestigt werden. Dazu ist ein steifer Faden 23 als Distanzstück vorgesehen, der senkrecht zu den Wandlern quer über die Düsenplatte genau im Bereich der Düsen gespannt wird. Die Wandlerelemente werden dann über diesen Faden 23 gelegt und die Enden in Richtung auf die Düsenplatte 20 abgebogen und mit der Düsenplatte verbunden. Anschliessend wird der Faden 23 seitlich herausgezogen. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass sämtliche Wandler 22 in Ruhelage den gleichen Mittenabstand von der Düse haben.Fig. 2 shows a slightly modified embodiment. The only difference is the connection of the transducer ends to the nozzle plate. In this exemplary embodiment, the nozzle plate 20 is provided with a groove 21 into which the ends of the curved transducers 22 engage. The length of the metal layer is equal to that of the piezoelectric material. The ends of the transducer are pressed into the groove 21 by means of clips 27, 28 and screws 29. In Fig. 2 is also indicated how the transducers are attached to the nozzle plate 20. For this purpose, a stiff thread 23 is provided as a spacer, which is stretched perpendicular to the transducers across the nozzle plate exactly in the area of the nozzles. The transducer elements are then placed over this thread 23 and the ends bent towards the nozzle plate 20 and connected to the nozzle plate. The thread 23 is then pulled out laterally. This ensures that all transducers 22 have the same center distance from the nozzle in the rest position.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht einer Düsenplatte mit Wandlern gemäss Fig. 2. Wie man dieser Figur entnehmen kann, sind die Wandler 22 an ihren beiden Enden jeweils über einen Steg 25 bzw. 26 miteinander verbunden. Das vereinfacht die Herstellung eines derartigen Wandlersegmentes mit einer Vielzahl parallel liegender Wandler erheblich. Aus einem scheibenförmigen Laminat werden durch Einsägen von gleichlangen Schlitzen die genau parallel zueinander liegenden stabförmigen Wandler 22 erzeugt. Nachdem die Wandler in gebogenem Zustand mit ihren Endstegen 25, 26 in die Nut 21 eingelegt sind, werden sie mittels zweier Klammern 27 bzw. 28, die in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit vier Schrauben 29 an der Düsenplatte befestigt werden, in dieser Lage fixiert.FIG. 3 shows a top view of a nozzle plate with transducers according to FIG. 2. As can be seen from this figure, the transducers 22 are connected to one another at their two ends via a web 25 or 26. This considerably simplifies the manufacture of such a converter segment with a large number of converters lying in parallel. The rod-shaped transducers 22 lying exactly parallel to one another are produced from a disc-shaped laminate by sawing in slots of equal length. After the transducers are inserted into the groove 21 with their end webs 25, 26 in the bent state, they are fixed in this position by means of two clamps 27 and 28, which are fastened to the nozzle plate in this exemplary embodiment with four screws 29.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss der Fig. 3 ist nur ein Segment mit einer relativ geringen Anzahl von Düsen und darüber liegenden Wandlern dargestellt. Durch Aneinandersetzen derartiger Segmente kann die Schreibbreite auf ein gewünschtes Mass eingestellt werden.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, only one segment with a relatively small number of nozzles and transducers lying above them is shown. The writing width can be set to a desired dimension by placing such segments together.

Claims (7)

1. Writing device operating with liquid droplets for recording in dots of analogue progressions or alphanumeric characters as well as of images, there being nozzles arranged in rows in a plate for the writing of the individual dots, which nozzles extend through the plate and over their inlet orifices are arranged on one side of the plate mutually parallel lying, rod-shaped piezoelectric transducers, which are fixed at both ends rigidly on the plate side and are contacted such that, when there are changes in the electrical voltage at the contacting, the piezoelectric movement generated causes writing liquid to be ejected from the nozzle and applied to a recording carrier arranged in front of the outlet orifice of the nozzles, characterized in that, in the non-excited transducer state, the linear spacing of the connecting points of the two ends of each transducer (11; 22) with the plate (10; 20) is smaller than the length of the rod-shaped transducer (11; 22) lying in between.
2. Writing device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transducers (11) consist of a laminate of piezoceramic (13) and metal (14), the metal layer (14) facing the nozzles (12).
3. Writing device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the thickness of the metal layer (14) is smaller than that of the piezoceramic (13).
4. Writing device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal layer (14) extends at both ends beyond the piezoceramic (13) and the transducer (11) is connected rigidly to the plate (10) in these regions.
5. Process for connecting the transducers to the nozzle plate according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a spacer (23) is placed transversely over the nozzles (24), over which spacer the transducer rods (22) are bent before connecting to the plate (20) and in that the spacer (23) is subsequently removed.
6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that a solid filament or wire is used as spacer (23).
7. Process according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the transducer ends are connected to the plate by welding.
EP84106141A 1983-06-06 1984-05-29 Piezoelectrically actuated writing head Expired EP0128456B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833320441 DE3320441A1 (en) 1983-06-06 1983-06-06 WRITING DEVICE WORKING WITH LIQUID DROPLETS WITH ROD-SHAPED PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS CONNECTED ON BOTH ENDS WITH A NOZZLE PLATE
DE3320441 1983-06-06

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EP0128456A2 EP0128456A2 (en) 1984-12-19
EP0128456A3 EP0128456A3 (en) 1985-10-30
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3475501D1 (en) 1989-01-12
US4539575A (en) 1985-09-03
JP2548751Y2 (en) 1997-09-24
DE3320441A1 (en) 1984-12-06
JPH0674337U (en) 1994-10-21
EP0128456A2 (en) 1984-12-19
EP0128456A3 (en) 1985-10-30
JPS606469A (en) 1985-01-14

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