EP0116760A1 - Solderless connectors for semi-rigid coaxial cable - Google Patents
Solderless connectors for semi-rigid coaxial cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0116760A1 EP0116760A1 EP83307279A EP83307279A EP0116760A1 EP 0116760 A1 EP0116760 A1 EP 0116760A1 EP 83307279 A EP83307279 A EP 83307279A EP 83307279 A EP83307279 A EP 83307279A EP 0116760 A1 EP0116760 A1 EP 0116760A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- cable
- teeth
- connector
- annular portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
- H01R9/03—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections
- H01R9/05—Connectors arranged to contact a plurality of the conductors of a multiconductor cable, e.g. tapping connections for coaxial cables
- H01R9/0518—Connection to outer conductor by crimping or by crimping ferrule
Definitions
- the present invention relates to solderless connectors suitable for use with semi-rigid coaxial cable.
- solderless connectors are well-known and have been widely used in many applications for flexible and semi-rigid cable assemblies, there useful application has been limited to situations in which vibration and stress are not problems.
- a basic requirement in providing a solderless connector for use in such extreme environment conditions is that of providing mechanical and electrical interconnection of high integrity between the outer conductor and the connector itself.
- a recent attempt at providing such a connector is embodied in AMP Incorporated's SMA coaxial connector which is described and illustrated on Pages 261 and 262 of AMP Inc.'s catalog entitled “AMP Guide to RF Connectors,” Catalog 80-570 published 7/82.
- the AMP connector for semi-rigid coaxial cables utilizes a ferrule or gripper ring which interconnects the main housing of the connector with the outer conductor of the semi-rigid cable.
- the gripper ring in this design includes a plurality of teeth extending from the annular end of the ring axially of the connector and arranged to be deformed or bent radially inwardly to engage the outward conductor of the cable upon the application of a force to telescope the ferrule and housing together. By this telescoping action the teeth are bent inwardly to engage the outer conductor while the main housing achieves an interference fit with the ferrule thereby to retain the connector on the cable.
- the mechanical and electrical integrity of the mounting of the connector on the cable involves, firstly, the integrity of the connection between the ferrule and the outer conductor of the cable and, secondly, the interference fit between the ferrule and the housing. Failure of either of these will destroy the integrity of the mounting of the connector on the cable.
- the interference fit between the ferrule and the housing is subject to failure upon the application of a longitudinally acting force on the connector relative to the cable which is of a magnitude insufficient to damage the cable or the connection of the ferrule with that cable.
- a solderless connector for semi-rigid coaxial cable comprising a connector housing including a portion defining a cable encompassing opening having cable engaging means formed integrally therewith and means to circumferentially compress said portion about a said cable, when in said opening, to bring said engaging means into engagement with said cable and to maintain that engagement.
- annular monolithic housing 1 defines a cylindrical bore 2 of a diameter to accommodate in close spaced relationship the outside surface of a semi-rigid coaxial cable 3.
- This cable comprises an annular elongate copper outer conductor 4 concentrically within which extends a copper center conductor 5 with a dielectric material 6 disposed therebetween.
- a coupling nut 7 is mounted on the housing for rotation relative thereto about central axis 8.
- the coupling nut has an inwardly extending annular flange 9 arranged to cooperate with an outwardly extending annular flange 10 on the exterior of the housing 1 to permit the mechanical and electrical interconnection of the connector cable assembly with, for example, a corresponding cable jack such as that illustrated in Figure 4, upon the engagement of the female thread 11 of the nut 7 with the corresponding male thread 12 (see Figure 4) of that jack.
- a bushing 13 is pre-loaded onto the rear end 14 of the housing 1 prior to the assembly of the connector onto the cable 3.
- the preloading of the bushing 13 serves to provide for ease of handling and holds the nut 7 captive.
- the housing 1 has a cylindrical counterbore 15 concentric with the axis 8 at its rear end 14 with a plurality of elongate teeth 16 projecting inwardly from the cylindrical surface of the counterbore toward the axis 8.
- the tips of these teeth define an imaginary cylindrical surface of the same diameter, prior to the mounting of the connector of a cable 3, as and coaxial with the bore 2.
- teeth are provided. These rows each comprise four teeth, equally spaced apart round the circumference of the counterbore 15, lying in a plane normal to the axis 8.
- the teeth are of generally symmetrical triangular cross-section and have a length, around said circumference, approximately equal to the space, around said circumference, between adjacent teeth.
- teeth of asymmetric cross-section to asymmetrically resist longitudinal and/or torsional forces applied to the connector relative to the cable or of conical or frusto-conical form may be utilized without departing on the concept of the present invention.
- the mounting of the connector onto the cable 3 is achieved by sliding the connector onto the cable into the position shown in Figure I with the bore 2 and the tips of the teeth 16 in close proximity to the outer surface of the outer conductor 4.
- the housing 1 and bushing 13 are then telescoped together by the application of a telescoping force longitudinally of the axis 8 as may be applied by a hand operated tool adapted for this purpose.
- This telescoping action compresses the rear end 14 of the housing circumferentially, and thereby moves the teeth 16 radially inwardly, by virtue of the interaction of cylindrical bore 17 of bushing 13 with the cylindrical outer surface 18 of the rear end 14 of the housing 1, the bore 17 being of a smaller diameter than the surface 18.
- the radial thickness and outer diameter of the rear end 14 is chosen relative to the material and dimensions of the bushing 13 to provide a desired movement of teeth 16 radially inwardly toward axis 8.
- the telescoping action is continued until the housing 1 and bushing 13 occupy the position illustrated in Figure 3 with the bushing 13 abutting the outwardly extending annular flange 10 of the housing.
- the radially inward deformation of the rear end causes the surface of counterbore 15 to engage and the teeth 16 to engage and deform the surface of the conductor 4 to provide a positive mechanical and electrical interface therewith.
- the circumferential extension of the teeth provides substantial annular communication between the housing and the outer conductor thereby to strongly resist the longitudinal movement of the housing on the cable upon the application of axial forces on the connector relative to the cable.
- the circumferentially extending gaps between the teeth serve to resist torsional forces attempting to twist the connector around axis 8 about the cable.
- the integrity of the mechanical and electrical interconnection between the outer conductor of the cable and the connector depends upon only a single interface, namely the interface between the teeth 16 and rear end 14 with the outer conductor and the cable.
- housing 22 has a rear end 14 similar to that illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 on which is preloaded a bushing 13.
- housing 22 supports opposed electrically interconnected contacts 23 by means of a dielectric 24, one adjacent the rear end 14 for engagement with the center conductor of a cable upon which the jack 21 is mounted.
- the forward end 25 has a male thread 25 to facilitate connection with a plug such as described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, by means of engagement of the coupling nut 7 with the forward end 25; the center conductor of the cable upon which that plug is mounted engaging the other female contact 23 which is located adjacent the forward end 25.
- annular face terminating the forward end 25 is adapted when the jack is connected to a plug as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, to sealingly engage an annular gasket 27 captively mounted in an annular groove formed in an exterior surface of housing 1 adjacent the outwardly extending flange 10, within the coupling nut 7.
- Figure 5 illustrates a cable plug having mounting arrangements similar to those described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 with the housing of this plug supporting electrically interconnected female and male contacts by means of a dielectric, the female contact being adapted to communicate with the center conductor of a cable on which the cable plug is mounted and with the male contact projecting into the interior of a coupling nut for engagement with a cable jack such as illustrated in Figure 4.
Landscapes
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to solderless connectors suitable for use with semi-rigid coaxial cable.
- Semi-rigid coaxial cable, which is used, particularly, where a high degree of RF shielding is required, comprises a solid tubular outer conductor, usually of copper, centrally disposed within which is an inner conductor spaced from the outer conductor by a dielectric material.
- Direct solder attachment of connectors to semi-rigid cable has, until now, been the only reliable arrangement where a connector is required to function reliably in extreme environmental conditions which may include high vibration levels and high continuous/oscillating mechanical and thermal stress.
- Such direct solder attachment of the connector body to the copper sheath of a semi-rigid coaxial cable has always been a production problem because of the experience and skills that have to be developed to maintain an efficient operation. A narrow time/temperature range is needed to promote solder flow while minimizing undesirable heating effects on the confined cable dielectric. In addition, precision equipment is necessary for repeatable connector positioning. In spite of these difficulties, mechanical cable/connector junctions have not gained wide acceptance. Bulk, cost, lack of permanency, and to some extent, poor performance have been against mechanical connectors. Special cable preparation has led to only limited acceptance of a connector design utilizing a crimp to preknurled cable arrangement. Nevertheless, a mechanical concept, with designed-in control of the assembly is desirable for consistent performance and for improved productivity.
- Although solderless connectors are well-known and have been widely used in many applications for flexible and semi-rigid cable assemblies, there useful application has been limited to situations in which vibration and stress are not problems.
- A basic requirement in providing a solderless connector for use in such extreme environment conditions is that of providing mechanical and electrical interconnection of high integrity between the outer conductor and the connector itself. A recent attempt at providing such a connector is embodied in AMP Incorporated's SMA coaxial connector which is described and illustrated on Pages 261 and 262 of AMP Inc.'s catalog entitled "AMP Guide to RF Connectors," Catalog 80-570 published 7/82.
- The AMP connector for semi-rigid coaxial cables utilizes a ferrule or gripper ring which interconnects the main housing of the connector with the outer conductor of the semi-rigid cable. The gripper ring in this design includes a plurality of teeth extending from the annular end of the ring axially of the connector and arranged to be deformed or bent radially inwardly to engage the outward conductor of the cable upon the application of a force to telescope the ferrule and housing together. By this telescoping action the teeth are bent inwardly to engage the outer conductor while the main housing achieves an interference fit with the ferrule thereby to retain the connector on the cable. In this design the mechanical and electrical integrity of the mounting of the connector on the cable involves, firstly, the integrity of the connection between the ferrule and the outer conductor of the cable and, secondly, the interference fit between the ferrule and the housing. Failure of either of these will destroy the integrity of the mounting of the connector on the cable. In particular, it has been found that the interference fit between the ferrule and the housing is subject to failure upon the application of a longitudinally acting force on the connector relative to the cable which is of a magnitude insufficient to damage the cable or the connection of the ferrule with that cable.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved solderless connector for semi-rigid coaxial cable which provides high mechanical and electrical integrity under extreme environmental conditions in a design which is simple and economical to install (and repair or replace) using simple tools and which is more economical to produce and compact in form.
- According to the present invention there is provided a solderless connector for semi-rigid coaxial cable comprising a connector housing including a portion defining a cable encompassing opening having cable engaging means formed integrally therewith and means to circumferentially compress said portion about a said cable, when in said opening, to bring said engaging means into engagement with said cable and to maintain that engagement.
- The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a solderless connector in the form of a straight cable plug ready for installation on the prepared end of a semi-rigid coaxial cable, only the portion of the cable on one side of the center line of the connector being shown;
- Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the connector illustrated in Figure 1 showing in greater detail the arrangements for mounting the connector and the cable when in position preparatory to such mounting;
- Figure 3 is a fragmentary view similar to that of Figure 2 with the connector mounted on the cable;
- Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a solderless straight cable jack utilizing the mounting arrangements of the connector illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3; and
- Figure 5 is a solderless straight cable plug utilizing the mounting arrangement of the connector illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
- With reference first to Figure 1, an annular
monolithic housing 1 defines acylindrical bore 2 of a diameter to accommodate in close spaced relationship the outside surface of a semi-rigidcoaxial cable 3. This cable comprises an annular elongate copper outer conductor 4 concentrically within which extends acopper center conductor 5 with adielectric material 6 disposed therebetween. Acoupling nut 7 is mounted on the housing for rotation relative thereto aboutcentral axis 8. The coupling nut has an inwardly extendingannular flange 9 arranged to cooperate with an outwardly extendingannular flange 10 on the exterior of thehousing 1 to permit the mechanical and electrical interconnection of the connector cable assembly with, for example, a corresponding cable jack such as that illustrated in Figure 4, upon the engagement of the female thread 11 of thenut 7 with the corresponding male thread 12 (see Figure 4) of that jack. - A
bushing 13 is pre-loaded onto therear end 14 of thehousing 1 prior to the assembly of the connector onto thecable 3. The preloading of thebushing 13 serves to provide for ease of handling and holds thenut 7 captive. - With reference now to both Figures 1 and 2, the
housing 1 has acylindrical counterbore 15 concentric with theaxis 8 at itsrear end 14 with a plurality ofelongate teeth 16 projecting inwardly from the cylindrical surface of the counterbore toward theaxis 8. The tips of these teeth define an imaginary cylindrical surface of the same diameter, prior to the mounting of the connector of acable 3, as and coaxial with thebore 2. - Four equally spaced apart rows of teeth are provided. These rows each comprise four teeth, equally spaced apart round the circumference of the
counterbore 15, lying in a plane normal to theaxis 8. The teeth are of generally symmetrical triangular cross-section and have a length, around said circumference, approximately equal to the space, around said circumference, between adjacent teeth. - While the exemplary form of connector has been described with a specific arrangement of teeth, it will be appreciated that other arrangements and shapes of teeth, for example, different numbers of rows, different arrangements of teeth from row to row, elongate teeth some of which extend parallel to the
axis 8, teeth forming individual closed circles (with or without holes, extending radially through saidrear end 14 therein), teeth of asymmetric cross-section to asymmetrically resist longitudinal and/or torsional forces applied to the connector relative to the cable or of conical or frusto-conical form may be utilized without departing on the concept of the present invention. - The mounting of the connector onto the
cable 3 is achieved by sliding the connector onto the cable into the position shown in Figure I with thebore 2 and the tips of theteeth 16 in close proximity to the outer surface of the outer conductor 4. Thehousing 1 and bushing 13 are then telescoped together by the application of a telescoping force longitudinally of theaxis 8 as may be applied by a hand operated tool adapted for this purpose. This telescoping action compresses therear end 14 of the housing circumferentially, and thereby moves theteeth 16 radially inwardly, by virtue of the interaction ofcylindrical bore 17 of bushing 13 with the cylindricalouter surface 18 of therear end 14 of thehousing 1, thebore 17 being of a smaller diameter than thesurface 18. The radial thickness and outer diameter of therear end 14 is chosen relative to the material and dimensions of thebushing 13 to provide a desired movement ofteeth 16 radially inwardly towardaxis 8. Interacting frusto-conical surfaces 19 on thebushing 13 and therear end 14 disposed at appropriate angle toaxis 8 to facilitate initial telescoping action to bring thebore 17 into initial contact with thesurface 18. The telescoping action is continued until thehousing 1 and bushing 13 occupy the position illustrated in Figure 3 with thebushing 13 abutting the outwardly extendingannular flange 10 of the housing. - The radially inward deformation of the rear end causes the surface of
counterbore 15 to engage and theteeth 16 to engage and deform the surface of the conductor 4 to provide a positive mechanical and electrical interface therewith. The circumferential extension of the teeth provides substantial annular communication between the housing and the outer conductor thereby to strongly resist the longitudinal movement of the housing on the cable upon the application of axial forces on the connector relative to the cable. The circumferentially extending gaps between the teeth serve to resist torsional forces attempting to twist the connector aroundaxis 8 about the cable. - With the connector of the present invention, the integrity of the mechanical and electrical interconnection between the outer conductor of the cable and the connector depends upon only a single interface, namely the interface between the
teeth 16 andrear end 14 with the outer conductor and the cable. The superiority of such an arrangement over the prior art connector described above with its reliance upon two serially disposed interfaces for mechanical and electrical mounting integrity, with the resulting double chance of failure will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art. - With reference now to Figure 4, there is illustrated a
straight cable jack 21 having mounting arrangements similar to those described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, for the mounting of the jack onto a semi-rigid coaxial cable. In this arrangement thehousing 22 has arear end 14 similar to that illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 on which is preloaded abushing 13. Inaddition housing 22 supports opposed electricallyinterconnected contacts 23 by means of a dielectric 24, one adjacent therear end 14 for engagement with the center conductor of a cable upon which thejack 21 is mounted. Theforward end 25 has amale thread 25 to facilitate connection with a plug such as described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, by means of engagement of thecoupling nut 7 with theforward end 25; the center conductor of the cable upon which that plug is mounted engaging the otherfemale contact 23 which is located adjacent theforward end 25. - The annular face terminating the
forward end 25 is adapted when the jack is connected to a plug as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, to sealingly engage an annular gasket 27 captively mounted in an annular groove formed in an exterior surface ofhousing 1 adjacent the outwardly extendingflange 10, within thecoupling nut 7. - Figure 5 illustrates a cable plug having mounting arrangements similar to those described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 with the housing of this plug supporting electrically interconnected female and male contacts by means of a dielectric, the female contact being adapted to communicate with the center conductor of a cable on which the cable plug is mounted and with the male contact projecting into the interior of a coupling nut for engagement with a cable jack such as illustrated in Figure 4.
- While the present invention has not been described with reference to the use of any particular materials, suitable materials will be apparent to a man skilled in the art, including constructing the electrically conductive components from any suitable material including stainless steel and that these components may be be gold plated.
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US46003883A | 1983-01-21 | 1983-01-21 | |
US460038 | 1983-01-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0116760A1 true EP0116760A1 (en) | 1984-08-29 |
Family
ID=23827172
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83307279A Ceased EP0116760A1 (en) | 1983-01-21 | 1983-11-30 | Solderless connectors for semi-rigid coaxial cable |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0116760A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59134577A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1216910A (en) |
IL (1) | IL70154A0 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0197688A2 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-10-15 | M/A-Com Omni Spectra, Inc. | Solderless connector for semi-rigid coaxial cable |
GB2264203A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-18 | Itt Ind Ltd | Electrical conductor terminating arrangement |
US10749627B2 (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2020-08-18 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3077513A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1963-02-12 | Microdot Inc | Coaxial cable connector |
DE2800772A1 (en) * | 1977-01-12 | 1978-07-13 | Amp Inc | ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR FOR COAXIAL CABLE |
US4400050A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1983-08-23 | Gilbert Engineering Co., Inc. | Fitting for coaxial cable |
-
1983
- 1983-11-07 IL IL70154A patent/IL70154A0/en unknown
- 1983-11-09 CA CA000440830A patent/CA1216910A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-30 EP EP83307279A patent/EP0116760A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-12-01 JP JP58225546A patent/JPS59134577A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3077513A (en) * | 1959-08-28 | 1963-02-12 | Microdot Inc | Coaxial cable connector |
DE2800772A1 (en) * | 1977-01-12 | 1978-07-13 | Amp Inc | ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR FOR COAXIAL CABLE |
US4400050A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1983-08-23 | Gilbert Engineering Co., Inc. | Fitting for coaxial cable |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0197688A2 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-10-15 | M/A-Com Omni Spectra, Inc. | Solderless connector for semi-rigid coaxial cable |
EP0197688A3 (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1988-08-31 | M/A-Com Omni Spectra, Inc. | Solderless connector for semi-rigid coaxial cable |
GB2264203A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-18 | Itt Ind Ltd | Electrical conductor terminating arrangement |
GB2264202A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1993-08-18 | Itt Ind Ltd | Clamping contact onto conductor |
US10749627B2 (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2020-08-18 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1216910A (en) | 1987-01-20 |
IL70154A0 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
JPS59134577A (en) | 1984-08-02 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19841228 |
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Effective date: 19860418 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
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18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 19870612 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SABA, ROBERT ABRAHAM Inventor name: DUCHARME, ROGER ROLAND Inventor name: HARHEN, PAUL FRANCIS |