EP0113149B1

EP0113149B1 - Self-controlled system of screening and climatization for beds

Info

Publication number: EP0113149B1
Application number: EP83201831A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Francesco Guida
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-12-30
Filing date: 1983-12-21
Publication date: 1987-04-01
Also published as: EP0113149A3; BR8307272A; ES287791Y; JPS59171508A; ATE26211T1; ES291569U; IT1153949B; ES287791U; EP0113149A2; DE3370584D1; ES291569Y; IT8225043A0; IT8225043A1

Abstract

This invention generally consists of the creation of a structure around a bed of transparent material which provides a confined space within which certain conditions (temperature, humidity, ionization of air, etc.) can be amply controlled by the subject, uninfluenced by the variability of external conditions.

Description

This invention is concerned with an original system that allows the screening of the external environment from a bed while maintaining sensory contact of the user with that environment. Inside the contained space so created, desired conditions can be regulated at will according to a certain number of variable parameters. Although in the following description the term "bed" is used, it should be made clear that the system is applicable to any other piece of furniture suitable to respose or extension, for example, lounge chairs, divans and so on.
The concept of limiting the space is an obvious one, continually applied; a confined space consumes less for its control and permits more precise results. Actually, the rooms of a normal house can be considered as confined spaces. However, when the confined space is reduced to a few cubic meters, intervening psychological resistance limits its use to those cases in which, for various reasons, there are no valid alternatives. This is the case with incubators, isolation beds for highly contagious diseases, oxygen tents and decompression chambers.
The principle of the screened bed according to this invention can be considered simply as a more liberal extension of the confined space principle and of its advantages, and so it must overcome the psychological resistance of the possible users with a whole series of requisites which in the case of the incubator, for example, have no importance. Therefore the isolating structure should be as transparent as possible and will be harmonious with the bed underneath, in order to create an aesthetically valid whole. It will be possible to knock down or even to separate the structure from the bed or anyway it will be possible to place the structure in such a position as to leave free access to the bed and not to disturb when not in use, so that the optional use of the screened bed is possible. But the new problems that this bed must deal with are not only psychological in nature; in fact it was created for private use, without any particular external control.
For this reason its isolating structure would have a series of holes to allow besides removing vitiated air in normal use, a continuous exchange of internal air with external air, especially if there is a lack of electricity preventing use of the ventilator while the user is sleeping.
The importance that the user does not feel any sense of suffocation makes it advisable that the total dimension of the holes made in the structure be established taking into account this possibility. It is to be pointed out that this problem and its solution were totally ignored by other systems using the confined space, just because the therapeutical objects oblige to a continuous external control and prevent untreated air to enter inside the structure.
Secondly, the lack of external control means that the user of the screened bed remains an active subject and therefore he should be able to keep a good sensory communication with the outside.
In this respect it is to be noted that the holes allow perception of external sound by the person within, and at the same time the transmission of his or her voice to the outside. This together with the transparency of the structure, completes sensory contact with the external environment, taking also into account that the air suction filter does not hinder the passage of odours.
This active position of the user has also other possible consequences such as the location of the control panel, which will be preferably arranged inside the structure, so that it is possible to change the set conditions without coming out from said structure as well as to switch on and off the room light directly from inside the structure. From another point of view, the fact that the screened bed is of common use, provides for its application also to double beds.
The screened bed has original solutions also for controlling the climatic factors. Indeed, in the field of the systems using the bed confined space, totally enclosing the user's body, provides not only for heating and humidification like the incubator, but also cooling and dehumidifying of air inside it.
These features make the screened bed a competitor of the air cooling systems applied to bedrooms, as it has a lower energy consumption and attains more precise results. Finally, it is also interesting to note that the screened bed may be used either to make up for the absence of a normal air conditioning system or to help it by operating together with it, and this is a demonstration of the versatility of use of the present invention.
In order to obtain a more precise view of the features of the screened bed according to the present invention it may be useful to make a comparison with some similar systems.
For instance, in case of the incubator for neonatal use, all the solutions are strictly aiming at a precise therapy for the patient, and therefore measures, maintenances and uses are required, which are totally absent in the screened bed. In this respect it is sufficient to consider the fundamental role played by the sterility of the space in case of the incubator, while this problem is on the contrary irrelevant for the screened bed, whose structure may be easily knocked down at any time, and on the contrary is provided with holes in order to constantly keep an acoustic communication with the outside. Furthermore, as the incubator has to operate in an already conditioned medical environment, it has to function in only one direction, i.e. it simply heats and humidifies the air inside it, thus not being equipped with the capacity to cool and dehumidify the air, contrary to the screened bed which takes into account these factors and acts upon them.
Similar considerations may be applied to the system disclosed in FR-A-782 578 (Waly); also in this case one can note that the closed system is clearly limited to therapeutical objects, as for instance the hermetic closure of the structure is required. This prevents to solve the problem of the acoustical isolation in the easy way devised for the screened bed of the present invention, that is with holes in the structure, thus obliging to use for said therapeutic bed a telephone or microphone in order to obtain a communication with the outside. It seems also that the system may be used only in presence of a physician: no control is indeed provided for the incoming and outgoing flow of the treating gas for the patient inside the structure, and in case he falls asleep or swoons, in absence of an external control, a serious risk for his health or life could arise (too much to the treating gas, gas saturation inside the structure). Finally, in the above cited patent no air conditioning system at all is considered, with the relevant problems, while the structure cannot be knocked down completely, as the two end sides corresponding to the bed head and foot cannot be moved.
Another system employing the confined space at a bed place is disclosed in U.S. Patent 2 191 024 (Matheny). Although this system appears to be of a more general, i.e. not strictly therapeutic, use and in addition to heating provides also for cooling air inside it, it has to be pointed out that the structure creates a closed space excluding the user's head. In this way the system has not to solve any problems of respiration and sensory isolation but it results of limited functionality: it is sufficient to consider the doubts arising about the user's health, having his body at a certain temperature while his face and the air breathed by him are at another temperature, and these doubts are increasing together with the increase of the difference between one temperature and the other. It is also to be pointed out that the user's face remains also exposed to insects and agents contained in the environmental air. Nor the system is thermostatic because, apart from the absence of an electronic control in view of the age in which this patent was filed, the structure has no particular outlet holes, so that one can deduce that air is coming out from the structure edge leaning on the user's neck, and this causes a higher or lower leakage or air according to the position taken by the user in the bed. Finally, although the covering structure of the above patent can be totally knocked down, it is quite different from the structure of the screened bed enclosing the entire user's body and bed area.
One or more general terms, one can consider prior art patents US-A-3 584 322 (McDougall), US-A-2 691 178 (Butterworth) and DE-C--670 541 (Navarro) from one hand and US-A--2 898 837 (Scarselli) and GB-A-1 311 461 (Jones) on the other hand. As to the first group of the above cited patents (the systems disclosed in the patent to Butterworth and McDougall are however very similar to camping tents and therefore have non transparent covering structures), it is immediately clear that they do not provide for a conditioning system and are therefore totally different from the present screened bed, whose main object is to create at its interior a thermostatic conditioned environment. This fundamental difference is also reflected in the nature of the ' holes which, while in the present screened bed are so arranged and sized as to allow a continuous cycle of conditioned air without formation of air streams which are troublesome to-the user, in said three prior patents have functions that are rather undeterminated and often alternative with one another: in the patent to McDougall, for instance, the windows may be closed in the case of rain or cold but once closed they do not allow any more passage of sound. As a proof of the different nature of the holes it is sufficient to consider that the possible closure of the holes having the object to facilitate the acoustical communication, as recited in Claim 3 of the present invention, causes to the screened bed problems of air circulation that the systems of these prior patents could not solve, just because they lack of an air-conditioning system, which is not even discussed, for instance in the patent to Navarro.
Finally, as screening of the holes of the bed structure of the present invention may be thicker than what is necessary, it has also the object to allow to make greater holes at the same amount of air exit, with a consequently improved sound passage, thus pointing out another difference between the present invention and the prior patents discussed hereinabove.
The second group of prior patents, wherein patent to Jones discloses two embodiments (as to the embodiment in which the covering structure does not include the user's head, one can apply the same remarks previously made for US-A-2 191 024 to Matheny), is on the contrary disclosing a conditioning system but it does not provide for any hole or opening in the isolating structure, so that the user is acoustically isolated inside it. There are no provisions in case of system malfunctioning such as power failure, fan failure etc, while this problem is taken into account in the screened bed of the present invention and is solved as described herein. At last, as the control panel in these prior patents is arranged outside the covering structure, one ends up to create in the user those feeling of isolation, dependency from outer control and passivity which the present invention on the contrary aims to overcome.
Starting from a bed structure of the type disclosed in FR-A-782578, the problem of creating a screening structure in combination with a piece of furniture, allowing coexistence at the same time of an air-conditioning system and of a covering structure provided with holes, is solved by the features defined in the characterizing portion of Claim 1.
Therefore the combination of the present invention is to be considered as a unique, original, autonomous, distinct and intermediate solution placed between the two groups of prior patents discussed in the foregoing.
To sum up, after having compared the present invention with the prior art, it may be stated that the screened bed according to the present invention is the only system in the field of those using a confined space for the bed, which encloses the whole body of the user and creates a protected and conditioned space, without hindering however a complete sensory contact to the exterior, but is not finalized for therapeutic purposes and is of common, private use, with all the relevant problems arising from these objects and the consequent measures taken to solve them and set forth in the foregoing paragraphs.
The system according to this invention is composed substantially of two principal parts; that-is, a covering and screening structure and a system of climatization and air conditioning. The latter of these can possibly be excluded (or not activated) if it is sufficient for the subject to be simply screened from the external environment.
The covering structure made of transparent material, which can be either flexible or rigid, functions in isolating the inner environment so created from the external one. It is equipped with holes for communication and air exchange, emitting the vitiated air and filtering and conditioning the entering air by way of a special noiseless ventilator; in this way an unperceptible inner pressure, encouraging air exchange, is created. Thus, the structure isolates, yet at the same time permits perception of sounds and odors. A fundamental characteristic of the structure is its ability to be knocked down or positioned in other way when desired, allowing the screened bed's alternative use.
This screened bed, moreover, has an electrically run conditioning system which is automatically controlled and may be regulated by the user. The principal factors subject to regulation are temperature and humidity, which once set up, will not change with external variations thanks to a control which monitors the system '(through sensors placed inside the structure) and adjusts it accordingly. The smallness of the space created for the structure also allows for air ionization control.
It is clear that once it is put on the market, the air-conditioning unit for the screened bed may also exclude one or more of its components, such as the humidifier, according to the user's requirements as well as to the conditions and places of use.
It is importantto note that the ventilator's intake filter would prevent access to the interior by insects, dust and other possible polluting agents.
Therefore, with the system of the present invention two basic objectives are realized, namely:

1) The ability to obtain subjectively ideal climatic conditions and control of all factors which determine it, at the same time allowing the user to have a good sensory contact to the exterior; and
2) The economic advantage of conditioning an environment decisively inferior in size to a normal room.

The use of the screened bed of the present invention is intuitively quite ample; however a greater application is seen wherever and whenever the surrounding climatic factors fall short of the optimal standard. Moreover, it is certainly possible to use it with advantage where there is an anomalous situation on the subject's part who is sensitive to non optimal climatic conditions (hay- fever, asthma, the common cold, arthritis, rheumatism etc).
It is sufficient to cite here, among the still more numerous possibilities of use, those of tents, campsites in general, bungalows, military barracks, boarding schools, settlements, monasteries and convents; not to mention hospitals themselves, homes without heat, temporary construction offices, guardhouses for industrial plants; ad infinitum.
Finally, the use of this screened bed may be especially efficacious during a child's first years, because the isolating structure could avoid an eventual fall from bed; also because a small child ignores the psychological resistance determined by living in a limited space; and finally because the small child is particularly sensitive to less than optimal climatic conditions.
In conclusion it can be said that from the idea of developing the advantages of screened bed to be used by the widest range of people for the most varied gamu,t of situations, an entirely original system is realized, with its own set of requisites, characteristics and possibilities of use.
The objectives, characteristics and advantages of the syste,m of this invention will be even more apparent from the following detailed description of some of its preferred embodiments, given to illustrate but not to limit the possibilities of the invention. References are made to the annexed sheets of schematic and purely illustrative drawings; these drawings do not intend to limit any way the scope of the invention, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the bed with the screening structure made of two half-covers;.
Fig. 2 is a lateral view of the same structure;
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the same structure;
Fig. 4 is a lateral view of a second embodiment with a fan-shaped screening structure;
Fig. 5 is a lateral view, on a reduced scale, analogous to Fig. 4, but showing a variation of the structure erected around thebed rather than mounted upon it;
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the structure as seen in Fig. 4; and
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 4, with the variation of Fig. 5 shown in dotted lines.

Now, referring to the various figures of the accompanying drawings, it will first be described the embodiment illustrated by Figures 1-3, in which the form of the screening structure is like a shell.
The version consists of two "half-shells" 1 and 2, made of a transparent material and mounted upon a normal bed 3, which has two lateral interstices 4, for the distribution of conditioned air that arrives from a module 5, mounted under the bed. The two "half-shells" can be knocked down and placed into special guides 6, provided for their containment under the bed.
The two ends 7 and 8 of the screening structure are equipped with hinges 9, for their disassembly so that with the bed open the entire screening structure is knocked down and does not create an obstacle to movement and the preparation of the bed.
For the opening and closing of the "half-shells" 1 and 2, there are internal handles 10 and external handles 11. The lips of the half-shells can be joined by a magnetic closure or any other suitable fastening device.
The conditioned air circulating in the interstices 4, is diffused within the enclosed space through passage holes 13 placed at the bed side center, and holes 14 at the foot of the bed. The ends 7 and/or 8 have screened holes 15, for air exchange, while other symmetrical screen holes 16 are provided on the half- shells 1 and 1 at pillow height in order to facilitate acoustical communication. These latter holes 16 may be provided with a mechanism such as a little gate, in order that the user may close them partially or totally, with a consequent reduction of sound transmission.
Now referring to Figures 4, and 7, the embodiment with the fan-shaped screening structure will be described.
It consists of two covers 20 and 21, each in the shape of a half open fan. They are made of a flexible material supported by a ribbed framework 22 and 23, and mounted here as well upon a normal bed 24, which has two interstices 25 along its sides for the distribution of conditioned air coming from a module 26, mounted under the bed. The two covers 20 and 21, can be closed precisely like a fan and when in folded position they remain below the level of the mattress.
For the opening and closing of the covers 20 and 21, handles 27 are provided, and these can be fastened with any convenient method.
The conditioned air circulating in the interstices 25, is diffused within the enclosed space through passage holes 28, placed at the bed side center and holes 29 at the foot of the bed. The covers 20 and 21, have upper screened hole 30, for air exchange, as well as other screened holes 31, placed on the bed sides at pillow height to facilitate acoustic communication with the outside.
Referring again to Figure 7, but this time together with Figure 5, a possible variant of this system consists of a screen structure e.g. formed by covers 20a and 21 a, but it could also have a different profile, erected around the bed rather than mounted upon it. Another variation is represented by the air conditioning module 26A, placed outside of the entire structure, which could be used to serve different beds contemporaneously.
Another useful variant that could be applied to each of the embodiments so far illustrated, consists of a curved tube 33, to be inserted into the air passage holes 14 or 29 (those located at the foot of the bed). The tube, in turn, has its own air outlet holes 34, on its upper part. This allows the use of blankets, although they are not necessary due to the climatic controls included in the structure, because in this way said blankets cannot cover the outlet holes for the conditioned air. In place of the curved tube, short pieces of tube shaped like the wind-sail of a ship could be provided.
From the foregoing, the extreme versatility and advantage obtained with the structure of this invention becomes evident. However, it must be made clear that all description and illustration of details are just exemplifications of the numerous modifications, variants, additions and substitutions possible with this system, all without departing from the invention as it is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. Screening structure (1, 2, 20, 21) in combination with a piece of furniture (3) intended to support a user, e.g. a bed, the piece of furniture being provided with an air conditioning unit (5, 26, 26A) which supplies air to the interior of the structure, the structure being made of transparent material and mounted on the piece of furniture such as to enclose the user, characterised in that holes (15, 16, 30, 31) are provided in the structure which allow exit of used air from the structure and have an open surface area such as to allow acoustic communication by the user without destroying the air conditioning effect.

2. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least two of the holes (16; 31) of the structure are symmetrically arranged at the sides of the structure at pillow height, to facilitate acoustical communication with the outside.

3. Combination according to Claim 2, characterized in that the holes (15, 16; 30, 31) are provided with mechanisms, such as small gates, to allow their partial or total closure.

4. Combination according to Claim 1 characterized in that all the holes (15, 16; 30, 31) are screened to prevent insects from entering it.

5. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that the structure (1, 2; 20,21; 20A, 21A) is movable in order to leave free access to the bed.

6. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that the whole structure (20, 21) or part of it can be detached from the bed so as to be stored or used on a different bed.

7. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that the structure (1, 2; 20, 21) is mounted on the frame of the piece of furniture enclosed in it.

8. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that the structure (20A, 21A) is placed on the ground around the piece of furniture enclosed in it, with or without attachment connections to said piece of furniture.

9. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized by being provided with a control panel for the air conditioning unit and other possible auxiliary controls, preferably placed inside the structure for operation by the user.

10. Combination according to Claim 1, characterized in that there are air passage holes (34) for the conditioning unit (5, 26, 26A) arranged on an air delivery tube (23) at the foot of the bed with the delivery holes (34) being in its upper part, so as to avoid that said holes (34) are accidentally covered.