EP0110757B1 - Axial compressor stator blade fixing device for the active control of the play between rotor and stator - Google Patents

Axial compressor stator blade fixing device for the active control of the play between rotor and stator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110757B1
EP0110757B1 EP83402151A EP83402151A EP0110757B1 EP 0110757 B1 EP0110757 B1 EP 0110757B1 EP 83402151 A EP83402151 A EP 83402151A EP 83402151 A EP83402151 A EP 83402151A EP 0110757 B1 EP0110757 B1 EP 0110757B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
stator
grooves
upstream
axial flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83402151A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0110757A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre "Domaine du Château des Dames" Ruis
Marcel Robert Soligny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
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Publication of EP0110757A1 publication Critical patent/EP0110757A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
    • F01D11/24—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial flow compressor suitable for active control of the play between rotor and stator, comprising a stator assembly, the blades of which are fixed to an inner casing formed of at least one cylindrical ferrule held by means of fixing to the wall. internal of an outer casing, the space between the two casings being traversed by air taken from a compressor stage.
  • stator vanes are mounted on an inner envelope, made of a material preferably having a low coefficient of expansion, which is suspended from the 'outer casing by fixing means.
  • the control of the heat exchange of the interior envelope with the exterior envelope is obtained by ventilation of the exterior envelope and the space between the two envelopes.
  • the control of the heat exchange of the interior envelope with the exterior envelope is obtained by ventilation of the exterior envelope and the space between the two envelopes.
  • British patent 2,019,954 describes a compressor casing comprising an outer casing and an inner casing, annular, coaxial.
  • the inner casing bears, radially inward, the stator vanes, and outwardly of the pins.
  • the pins cooperate with housings provided in the outer casing.
  • the inner envelope is formed by annular ferrules placed one behind the other along the longitudinal axis of the outer envelope.
  • the nipples and the thickening of the area surrounding their housings form thermal bridges making it possible to control the thermal expansion or contraction of the internal envelope in the radial direction.
  • FR A-2 421 279 relates to a gas turbine and describes a fin support divided into segments which are suspended by means of annular spouts in housings of an outer casing. These segments include cooling channels supplied by radial orifices.
  • GB-A 1 501 916 shows an internal casing of a turbomachine connected to an external casing and comprising circumferential radial grooves in which friction bands and the ends of stator vanes are placed alternately.
  • stator vanes as well as the friction bands ensuring the sealing of the ends of the blades of the rotor vanes are fixed to the inner casing of which they form a non-negligible portion. It is therefore relatively difficult to intervene on the stator to replace damaged blades or friction bands.
  • the purpose of the device according to the invention is to allow effective control of the compressor clearances by protecting the external envelope from the thermal radiation of the compressed air stream, but also to allow an easy change of the blades and the friction bands.
  • the axial flow compressor according to the invention is characterized in that the inner casing is formed of at least one set of hollow cylindrical sectors carrying alternately on their internal faces radial circumferential grooves for the stator vanes and the bands friction and in that said sectors have in projection on a horizontal plane a shape of parallelogram and each sector bears on its external face and in two radial planes two upstream legs and two downstream legs, at least one upstream leg and one downstream leg being axially aligned with each other and with two cooperating legs of the outer casing to receive a fixing pin so that one pin in two crosses the legs of two consecutive sectors.
  • FIG. 1 represents an axial half-section of a compression section or of an axial compressor, more particularly intended to equip a turbomachine.
  • the first three compression stages are arranged in an annular frustoconical channel, the widest part of which receives the air flow to be compressed.
  • the following compression stages are in a substantially cylindrical annular channel.
  • the compressor housing has two envelopes: an inner envelope 1 and an outer envelope 2.
  • the inner envelope fixed on the outer envelope carries the stator vanes and between the crowns of blades, friction bands made of abradable material and on which the ends of the blades of the rotor blades are likely to rub.
  • the stator vanes carry means at the free end of their blades ensuring sealing with the rotor. These means conventionally consist of a friction band 3 on which the lips 4 rubbing carried by the rotor casing rub and located between two rotor disks 5.
  • the rotor discs 5 have in their rims a groove 6 in which the rotor vanes 7 are retained.
  • the upstream section 8 of the compressor is separated from the downstream section 9 by a sampling zone 10 which is in communication with the space 11 formed between the internal and external envelopes and with air intakes 12 intended to supply the compressed air necessary for services and cooling systems for hot parts of the engine, such as the turbine.
  • ventilation ramps 13, four in number according to the example shown are arranged on sections of the outer casing and have the function of ventilating, by rows of orifices, the surface of the casing.
  • Means for controlling the admission of air into the ramps make it possible to control the temperature of the envelope and consequently its dimensional variations. This maintains the constancy of the clearances despite the different thermal inertias between the rotor discs and the compressor casing on which the stator vanes are fixed.
  • the outer envelope 2 consists of three cylindrical sections: an upstream section 14 and a downstream section 15, substantially symmetrical with respect to an intermediate section 16.
  • the sections 14 and 15 consist of a cylindrical shell 17 comprising at one end an external radial flange 18 and an internal radial flange 19.
  • the internal radial flange 19 is notched at regular intervals so as to leave tabs 20 comprising a bore cylindrical 21. These lugs will serve to hold lugs corresponding to 22 provided on the inner casing.
  • the intermediate section 16 is formed of a cylindrical shell whose upstream and downstream edges are welded to the edges of the sections 14 and 15, for example, by electron bombardment. Connections are provided on the outer surface of the shell to constitute the air intakes 12.
  • the ferrule also has near each end a radial flange 23 directed inward and indented to form tabs 24 portsnt in their center a bore.
  • a radial flange 23 directed inward and indented to form tabs 24 portsnt in their center a bore.
  • the external flanges 18 are used for fixing the flanges 25 and 26 ensuring the seal between the external and internal envelopes, as well as possibly for blocking the fixing means 27, pins or tie rods passing through the lugs 20 and 24.
  • the inner envelope is formed of two sets of sectors, an upstream assembly 28 and a downstream assembly 29.
  • Figures 3 and 5 show a hollow cylindrical sector 30 whose projection on a horizontal plane (plane of Figure 2) is a parallelogram .
  • the sectors are arranged so that two of their parallel sides are in the radial planes.
  • the sectors of the downstream assembly 29 comprise on the internal face seven radial grooves (FIGS. 1 and 2), four grooves 31 intended to receive the friction bands 32 and three grooves 33 receiving the stator vanes 34, the friction bands and the blades successively alternating.
  • the sectors bear on their outer face the fixing lugs 22 intended to cooperate with the corresponding fixing lugs provided inside the outer casing.
  • the pins of the outer casing are fixed with those of the inner casing by the pins 27. Because the lateral edges of the sectors are not parallel to the axis of the compressor, it is expected that a spindle fixing 27 on two is fixed to two consecutive sectors.
  • the lateral edges 35 (FIG. 3) of the sectors carry inside and outside a groove intended to receive a bar 36 which ensures the radial seal between two consecutive sectors,
  • the holes 21 provided in the tabs 20 of the outer casing receiving the pins are cylindrical, the holes provided in the tabs 22 of the sector edge are oblong and the others are cylindrical.
  • the grooves 31 receiving the friction bands have a T-shaped section whose leg is directed towards the axis of the compressor .
  • the grooves 33 receiving the blades have a U-shaped section, the edges of the groove having a recess.
  • the recesses of the groove 33 are machined in the edges of the groove 31.
  • the friction bands 32 are fixed on supports 37 made up of two U-shaped rings 38 brazed symmetrically on a segment 39 of a cylindrical shell.
  • the friction bands, metallic or organic, are glued or brazed to the internal surface of the ring segment 39.
  • the stator vanes 34 are assembled into sectors 40 formed by two sections of annular ferrules 41, 42 carrying cutouts corresponding to the profile of the vanes and in which they are brazed or glued at their ends.
  • the portion of the ferrule section 42 directed towards the axis carries the friction band 3 cooperating with the lips 4 of the rotor housing.
  • the ferrule section 41 is produced in the form of a box having on its peripheral edges two longitudinal tabs 43, 44, shaped so as to be able to be placed in the recesses of the groove 33
  • the edges of the ferrules 39 forming the support for the friction strips cover the recesses of the grooves 33 by providing grooves in which the sectors of the stator vanes can be slid and held.
  • the section of the ferrule 42 shown in perspective in FIG. 4, has a width greater than that of the ferrule 44 in order to achieve the continuity of the annular channel in which the compressed air stream flows below the sampling area 10 'air.
  • this one is doubled internally with a thermal insulator 45.
  • This insulator contributes to reduce the transmissions by radiation of the interior envelope towards the external envelope 14-15-18 .
  • the compressor stator is assembled as follows: the friction band supports are slid into the grooves of each sector, then when all the sectors of an assembly are thus equipped, the sectors of the stator vanes are placed.
  • the compressor rotor is covered with the sectors previously prepared and the crown thus reconstituted is positioned by a tool assembly.
  • the ferrules constituting the outer envelope are then presented so that the tabs that they carry are angularly offset with respect to those of the sectors.
  • the upstream and downstream sections of the outer casing are engaged axially and the tab holes are brought back in front of the tab holes of the sectors forming the inner casing, the pins 27 are slid and locked in place by fixing the flanges d 25, 26.
  • the outer casing 14-15-16 is insulated by the thermal insulation 45 on the one hand and, on the other hand, ventilated by the circulation of air in the space between the two envelopes, and that its temperature, therefore its dimensional variations can therefore be controlled by admitting stator air to the outer casing can therefore be controlled and consequently, the clearance between the ends of the rotor blades and the friction strips 32 can be reduced to a minimum and remain almost constant during the transistor operations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un compresseur à flux axial adapté au contrôle actif des jeux entre rotor et stator, comportant un ensemble statorique dont les aubes sont fixées à une enveloppe intérieure formée d'au moins une virole cylindrique maintenue par des moyens de fixation à la paroi interne d'une enveloppe extérieure, l'espace compris entre les deux enveloppes étant parcouru par de l'air prélevé à un étage de compresseur.The invention relates to an axial flow compressor suitable for active control of the play between rotor and stator, comprising a stator assembly, the blades of which are fixed to an inner casing formed of at least one cylindrical ferrule held by means of fixing to the wall. internal of an outer casing, the space between the two casings being traversed by air taken from a compressor stage.

L'échauffement ou le refroidissement non simultané des divers éléments d'un compresseur rend difficile le contrôle des jeux radiaux existant entre le rotor et le stator. En effet, les disques de rotor qui sont bien protégés de la veine d'air comprimé n'atteignent pas dans les mêmes temps la température de l'enveloppe portant les aubes statoriques. Aussi les efforts des motoristes ont porté sur le contrôle de la température de l'enveloppe extérieure portant les aubes.The non-simultaneous heating or cooling of the various elements of a compressor makes it difficult to control the radial clearances existing between the rotor and the stator. In fact, the rotor discs which are well protected from the compressed air stream do not at the same time reach the temperature of the envelope carrying the stator vanes. Also, the efforts of the engine manufacturers focused on controlling the temperature of the outer casing carrying the blades.

Pour faciliter le contrôle et éviter la transmission de température de la veine d'air comprimé à l'enveloppe extérieure, les aubes statoriques sont montées sur une enveloppe intérieure, en un matériau présentant de préférence un faible coefficient de dilatation, qui est suspendue à l'enveloppe extérieure par des moyens de fixation.To facilitate control and avoid the transmission of temperature from the compressed air stream to the outer envelope, the stator vanes are mounted on an inner envelope, made of a material preferably having a low coefficient of expansion, which is suspended from the 'outer casing by fixing means.

Le contrôle des échanges thermiques de l'enveloppe intérieure avec l'enveloppe extérieure, réalisée en un matériau classique, est obtenu par ventilation de l'enveloppe extérieure et de l'espace compris entre les deux enveloppes.The control of the heat exchange of the interior envelope with the exterior envelope, made of a conventional material, is obtained by ventilation of the exterior envelope and the space between the two envelopes.

Le contrôle des échanges thermiques de l'enveloppe intérieure avec l'enveloppe extérieure, réalisée en un matériau classique, est obtenu par ventilation de l'enveloppe extérieure et de l'espace compris entre les deux enveloppes.The control of the heat exchange of the interior envelope with the exterior envelope, made of a conventional material, is obtained by ventilation of the exterior envelope and the space between the two envelopes.

C'est ainsi que l'on connaît du brevet français 2 482 661 un carter de compresseur constitué d'une enveloppe extérieure, portant à sa surface extérieure des tubes de ventilation, et d'une enveloppe intérieure formée par des segments d'anneaux dans lesquels sont fixées les aubes statoriques. Cette enveloppe porte en regard de l'enveloppe extérieure des brides présentant un rebord qui coopère avec des rainures radiales de forme correspondante prévues sur la face intérieure de l'enveloppe extérieure. Les segments d'anneaux sont maintenus en place par une bague à languettes qui empêche leur déplacement circonférentiel.It is thus known from French patent 2 482 661 a compressor housing consisting of an outer casing, carrying on its outer surface ventilation tubes, and an inner casing formed by segments of rings in which are fixed the stator vanes. This envelope bears opposite the outer envelope of the flanges having a flange which cooperates with radial grooves of corresponding shape provided on the inner face of the outer envelope. The ring segments are held in place by a tab ring which prevents their circumferential movement.

Le brevet britannique 2.019.954 décrit un carter de compresseur comprenant une enveloppe extérieure et une enveloppe intérieure, annulaires, coaxiales. L'enveloppe intérieure porte, dirigées radialement vers l'intérieur, les aubes de stator, et vers l'extérieur des tétons. Les tétons coopèrent avec des logements prévus dans l'enveloppe extérieure. L'enveloppe intérieure est formée par des viroles annulaires placées les unes derrière les autres selon l'axe longitudinal de l'enveloppe extérieure.British patent 2,019,954 describes a compressor casing comprising an outer casing and an inner casing, annular, coaxial. The inner casing bears, radially inward, the stator vanes, and outwardly of the pins. The pins cooperate with housings provided in the outer casing. The inner envelope is formed by annular ferrules placed one behind the other along the longitudinal axis of the outer envelope.

Les tétons et l'épaississement de la zone entourant leurs logements forment des ponts thermiques permettant de contrôler la dilatation ou la contraction thermique de l'enveloppe interne dans la direction radiale.The nipples and the thickening of the area surrounding their housings form thermal bridges making it possible to control the thermal expansion or contraction of the internal envelope in the radial direction.

FR A-2 421 279 concerne une turbine à gaz et décrit un support d'ailettes divisé en segments qui sont suspendus au moyen de becs annulaires dans des logements d'une enveloppe extérieure. Ces segments comportent des canaux de refroidissement alimentés par des orifices radiaux.FR A-2 421 279 relates to a gas turbine and describes a fin support divided into segments which are suspended by means of annular spouts in housings of an outer casing. These segments include cooling channels supplied by radial orifices.

GB-A 1 501 916 montre une enveloppe interne de turbomachine reliée à une enveloppe extérieure et comportant des rainures radiales circonférentielles dans lesquelles sont placées alternativement des bandes de friction et des extrémités d'aubes statoriques.GB-A 1 501 916 shows an internal casing of a turbomachine connected to an external casing and comprising circumferential radial grooves in which friction bands and the ends of stator vanes are placed alternately.

Dans ces réalisations, les aubes statoriques ainsi que les bandes de friction assurant l'étanchéité des extrémités des pales des aubes rotoriques sont fixées à l'enveloppe intérieure dont elles forment une portion non négligeable. Il est donc relativement difficile d'intervenir sur le stator pour le remplacement d'aubes ou de bandes de friction endommagées. Le dispositif selon l'invention a pour but de permettre un contrôle efficace des jeux du compresseur par protection de l'enveloppe extérieure du rayonnement thermique de la veine d'air comprimé mais également de permettre un changement aisé des aubes et des bandes de friction.In these embodiments, the stator vanes as well as the friction bands ensuring the sealing of the ends of the blades of the rotor vanes are fixed to the inner casing of which they form a non-negligible portion. It is therefore relatively difficult to intervene on the stator to replace damaged blades or friction bands. The purpose of the device according to the invention is to allow effective control of the compressor clearances by protecting the external envelope from the thermal radiation of the compressed air stream, but also to allow an easy change of the blades and the friction bands.

Le compresseur à flux axial, selon l'invention, est caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe intérieure est formée d'au moins un ensemble de secteurs cylindriques creux portant sur leurs faces internes alternativement des rainures radiales circonférentielles pour les aubes de stator et les bandes de friction et en ce que lesdits secteurs présentent en projection sur un plan horizontal une forme de parallélogramme et chaque secteur porte sur se face externe et dans deux plans radiaux deux pattes amont et deux pattes aval, au moins une patte amont et une patte aval étant alignées axialement entre elles et avec deux pattes coopérantes de l'enveloppe extérieure pour recevoir une broche de fixation de manière qu'une broche sur deux traverse les pattes de deux secteurs consécutifs.The axial flow compressor according to the invention is characterized in that the inner casing is formed of at least one set of hollow cylindrical sectors carrying alternately on their internal faces radial circumferential grooves for the stator vanes and the bands friction and in that said sectors have in projection on a horizontal plane a shape of parallelogram and each sector bears on its external face and in two radial planes two upstream legs and two downstream legs, at least one upstream leg and one downstream leg being axially aligned with each other and with two cooperating legs of the outer casing to receive a fixing pin so that one pin in two crosses the legs of two consecutive sectors.

Les explications et figures, données à titre d'exemple, permettront de comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.

  • La figure 1 représente une demi-coupe axiale d'une section de compression selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue selon la coupe Il Il de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue partielle selon la coupe radials 111111 de la figure 1.
  • La figure 4 est une vue à plas grande échelle du détail IV de la figure 1 montrant en perspective un secteur d'aubage statorique.
  • La figure 5 est une vue selon la coupe V V de la figure 3.
The explanations and figures, given by way of example, will make it possible to understand how the invention can be implemented.
  • FIG. 1 represents an axial half-section of a compression section according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view along the section II Il of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view along the radial section 111111 of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 4 is a large scale plas view of detail IV of Figure 1 showing in perspective a stator vane sector.
  • FIG. 5 is a view along the section VV of FIG. 3.

La figure 1 représente une demi-coupe axiale d'une section de compression ou d'un compresseur axial, plus particulièrement destiné à équiper une turbomachine. Selon l'exemple représenté, les trois premiers étages de compression sont disposés dans un canal tronconique annulaire dont la partie la plus large reçoit le flux d'air à comprimer. Les étages de compression suivants sont dans un canal pratiquement cylindrique annulaire.FIG. 1 represents an axial half-section of a compression section or of an axial compressor, more particularly intended to equip a turbomachine. According to the example shown, the first three compression stages are arranged in an annular frustoconical channel, the widest part of which receives the air flow to be compressed. The following compression stages are in a substantially cylindrical annular channel.

Le carter du compresseur comporte deux enveloppes: une enveloppe intérieure 1 et une enveloppe extérieure 2. L'enveloppe intérieure fixée sur l'enveloppe extérieure porte les aubes statoriques et entre les couronnes d'aubes, des bandes de friction réalisées en matériau abradable et sur lesquelles les extrémitée des pales des aubes rotoriques sont susceptibles de frotter.The compressor housing has two envelopes: an inner envelope 1 and an outer envelope 2. The inner envelope fixed on the outer envelope carries the stator vanes and between the crowns of blades, friction bands made of abradable material and on which the ends of the blades of the rotor blades are likely to rub.

Les aubes statoriques portent à l'extrémité libre de leurs pales des moyens assurant l'étanchéité avec le rotor. Ces moyens sont classiquement constitué d'une bande de friction 3 sur laquelle viennent frotter les lèchettes 4 portées par le carter de rotor et situées entre deux disques 5 de rotor. Les disques 5 de rotor présentent dans leurs jantes une rainure 6 dans laquelle sont retenues les aubes 7 de rotor.The stator vanes carry means at the free end of their blades ensuring sealing with the rotor. These means conventionally consist of a friction band 3 on which the lips 4 rubbing carried by the rotor casing rub and located between two rotor disks 5. The rotor discs 5 have in their rims a groove 6 in which the rotor vanes 7 are retained.

La section amont 8 du compresseur est séparée de la section aval 9 par une zone de prélèvement 10 qui est en communication avec l'espace 11 formé entre les enveloppes interne et externe et avec des prises d'air 12 destinées à fournir l'air comprimé nécessaire aux servitudes ainsi qu'aux systèmes de refroidissement de parties chaudes du moteur, comme la turbine. Par ailleurs, des rampes de ventilation 13, au nombre de quatre selon l'exemple représenté, sont disposées sur des sections de l'enveloppe extérieure et ont pour fonction de ventiler, par des rangées d'orifices, la surface de l'enveloppe.The upstream section 8 of the compressor is separated from the downstream section 9 by a sampling zone 10 which is in communication with the space 11 formed between the internal and external envelopes and with air intakes 12 intended to supply the compressed air necessary for services and cooling systems for hot parts of the engine, such as the turbine. Furthermore, ventilation ramps 13, four in number according to the example shown, are arranged on sections of the outer casing and have the function of ventilating, by rows of orifices, the surface of the casing.

Des moyens de contrôle de l'admission d'air dans les rampes permettent de contrôler la température de l'enveloppe et par conséquence ses variations dimensionnelles. On maintient ainsi la constance des jeux malgré les inerties thermiques différentes entre les disques de rotor et le carter du compresseur sur lequel sont fixées les aubes statoriques.Means for controlling the admission of air into the ramps make it possible to control the temperature of the envelope and consequently its dimensional variations. This maintains the constancy of the clearances despite the different thermal inertias between the rotor discs and the compressor casing on which the stator vanes are fixed.

L'enveloppe extérieure 2 est constituée de trois tronçons cylindriques: un tronçon amont 14 et un tronçon aval 15, sensiblement symétriques par rapport à un tronçon intermédiaire 16.The outer envelope 2 consists of three cylindrical sections: an upstream section 14 and a downstream section 15, substantially symmetrical with respect to an intermediate section 16.

Les tronçons 14 et 15 sont constitués d'une virole cylindrique 17 comportant à une extrémité une bride radiale externe 18 et une bride radiale interne 19. La bride radiale interne 19 est échancrée à intervalles réguliers de manière à laisser subsister des pattes 20 comportant un perçage cylindrique 21. Ces pattes serviront à maintenir des pattes correspondantea 22 prévues sur l'enveloppe intérieure.The sections 14 and 15 consist of a cylindrical shell 17 comprising at one end an external radial flange 18 and an internal radial flange 19. The internal radial flange 19 is notched at regular intervals so as to leave tabs 20 comprising a bore cylindrical 21. These lugs will serve to hold lugs corresponding to 22 provided on the inner casing.

Le tronçon intermédiaire 16 est formé d'une virole cylindrique dont las bords amont et aval sont soudés aux bords des tronçons 14 et 15, par exemple, par bombardement électronique. Des raccords sont prévus sur la surface extérieure de la virole pour constituer les prises d'air 12.The intermediate section 16 is formed of a cylindrical shell whose upstream and downstream edges are welded to the edges of the sections 14 and 15, for example, by electron bombardment. Connections are provided on the outer surface of the shell to constitute the air intakes 12.

La virole comporte également près de chaque extrémité une bride radiale 23 dirigée vers l'intérieur et échancrée pour former des pattes 24 portsnt en leur centre un perçage. Lors du soudage du tronçon intermédiaire avec le tronçon amont ou aval, les axes des perçages des pattes 20 et 24 sont positionnés parallèlement à l'axe du compresseur.The ferrule also has near each end a radial flange 23 directed inward and indented to form tabs 24 portsnt in their center a bore. When welding the intermediate section with the upstream or downstream section, the axes of the holes in the tabs 20 and 24 are positioned parallel to the axis of the compressor.

Les brides 18 extérieures servent à la fixation des flasques 25 et 26 assurant l'étanchéité entre les enveloppes extérieure et intérieure, ainsi qu'éventuellement, au blocage des moyens de fixation 27, broches ou tirants traversant les pattes 20 et 24.The external flanges 18 are used for fixing the flanges 25 and 26 ensuring the seal between the external and internal envelopes, as well as possibly for blocking the fixing means 27, pins or tie rods passing through the lugs 20 and 24.

L'enveloppe intérieure est formée de deux ensembles de secteurs, un ensemble amont 28 et un ensemble aval 29. Les figures 3 et 5 montrent un secteur cylindrique creux 30 dont la projection sur un plan horizontal (plan de la figure 2) est un parallèlogramme. Les secteurs sont disposés de manière que deux de leurs côtés parallèles soient dans les plans radiaux.The inner envelope is formed of two sets of sectors, an upstream assembly 28 and a downstream assembly 29. Figures 3 and 5 show a hollow cylindrical sector 30 whose projection on a horizontal plane (plane of Figure 2) is a parallelogram . The sectors are arranged so that two of their parallel sides are in the radial planes.

Les secteurs de l'ensemble aval 29 comportent sur la face interne sept rainures radiales (figures 1 et 2), quatre rainures 31 destinées à recevoir les bandes de friction 32 et trois rainures 33 recevant les aubes 34 de stator, les bandes de friction et les aubes se succédant alternativement.The sectors of the downstream assembly 29 comprise on the internal face seven radial grooves (FIGS. 1 and 2), four grooves 31 intended to receive the friction bands 32 and three grooves 33 receiving the stator vanes 34, the friction bands and the blades successively alternating.

Les secteurs portent sur leur face externe les pattes de fixation 22 destinées à coopérer avec les pattes de fixation correspondantes prévues à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure. La fixation des pattes de l'enveloppe extérieure avec celles de l'enveloppe intérieure est assurée par les broches 27. Du fait que les bords latéraux des secteurs ne sont pas parallèles à l'axe du compresseur, il est prévu qu'une broche de fixation 27 sur deux est fixée à deux secteurs consécutifs.The sectors bear on their outer face the fixing lugs 22 intended to cooperate with the corresponding fixing lugs provided inside the outer casing. The pins of the outer casing are fixed with those of the inner casing by the pins 27. Because the lateral edges of the sectors are not parallel to the axis of the compressor, it is expected that a spindle fixing 27 on two is fixed to two consecutive sectors.

Les bords latéraux 35 (figure 3) des secteurs portent à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur une gorge destinée à recevoir une barrette 36 qui assure l'étanchéité radiale entre deux secteurs consécutifs,The lateral edges 35 (FIG. 3) of the sectors carry inside and outside a groove intended to receive a bar 36 which ensures the radial seal between two consecutive sectors,

Les perçages 21 prévus dans les pattes 20 de l'enveloppe extérieure recevant les broches sont cylindriques, les perçages prévus dans les pattes 22 de bord de secteur sont oblongs et les autres sont cylindriques.The holes 21 provided in the tabs 20 of the outer casing receiving the pins are cylindrical, the holes provided in the tabs 22 of the sector edge are oblong and the others are cylindrical.

Selon la forme de réalisation des rainures radiales prévues dans la face interne des secteurs, représentée sur les figures 1 et 4, les rainures 31 recevant les bandes de friction présentent une section en forme de T dont la jambe est dirigée vers l'axe du compresseur.According to the embodiment of the radial grooves provided in the internal face of the sectors, represented in FIGS. 1 and 4, the grooves 31 receiving the friction bands have a T-shaped section whose leg is directed towards the axis of the compressor .

Les rainures 33 recevant les aubes ont une section en forme de U, les bords de la rainure présentant un décrochement. Afin de diminuer au maximum les distances entre bandes de friction et aubes, les décrochements de la rainure 33 sont usinés dans les bords de la rainure 31.The grooves 33 receiving the blades have a U-shaped section, the edges of the groove having a recess. In order to minimize the distances between friction bands and blades, the recesses of the groove 33 are machined in the edges of the groove 31.

Les bandes de friction 32 sont fixées sur des supports 37 constitués de deux anneaux en U 38 brasés symétriquement sur un segment 39 de virole cylindrique. Les bandes de friction, métalliques ou organiques, sont collées ou brasées sur la surface interne du segment 39 de virole.The friction bands 32 are fixed on supports 37 made up of two U-shaped rings 38 brazed symmetrically on a segment 39 of a cylindrical shell. The friction bands, metallic or organic, are glued or brazed to the internal surface of the ring segment 39.

Les aubes statoriques 34 sont assemblées en secteurs 40 formés de deux tronçons de viroles annulaires 41,42 portant des découpes correspondant au profil des aubes et dans lesquelles elles sont brasées ou collées à leurs extrémités. La partie de tronçon de virole 42 dirigée vers l'axe porte la bande de friction 3 coopérant avec les lèchettes 4 du carter de rotor.The stator vanes 34 are assembled into sectors 40 formed by two sections of annular ferrules 41, 42 carrying cutouts corresponding to the profile of the vanes and in which they are brazed or glued at their ends. The portion of the ferrule section 42 directed towards the axis carries the friction band 3 cooperating with the lips 4 of the rotor housing.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté en détail figure 4, le tronçon de virole 41 est réalisé sous forme d'un caisson présentant sur ses bords périphériques deux languettes longitudinales 43, 44, conformées de manière à pouvoir se placer dans les décrochements de la rainure 33. Les bords des viroles 39 formant le support des bandes de friction viennent recouvrir les décrochements des rainures 33 en ménageant des rainures dans lesquelles peuvent être glissés et maintenus les secteurs d'aubes statoriques.According to the embodiment shown in detail in Figure 4, the ferrule section 41 is produced in the form of a box having on its peripheral edges two longitudinal tabs 43, 44, shaped so as to be able to be placed in the recesses of the groove 33 The edges of the ferrules 39 forming the support for the friction strips cover the recesses of the grooves 33 by providing grooves in which the sectors of the stator vanes can be slid and held.

Le tronçon de virole 42, montré en perspective figure 4, a une largeur supérieure à celle de la virole 44 afin de réaliser la continuité du canal annulaire dans lequel circule la veine d'air comprimé à l'aplomb de la zone 10 de prélèvement d'air.The section of the ferrule 42, shown in perspective in FIG. 4, has a width greater than that of the ferrule 44 in order to achieve the continuity of the annular channel in which the compressed air stream flows below the sampling area 10 'air.

Afin de parfaire l'isolement thermique de l'enveloppe extérieure, celle-ci est doublée intérieurement d'un isolant thermique 45. Cet isolant concourt à réduire les transmissions par radiation de l'enveloppe intérieure vers l'enveloppe extérieure 14-15-18.In order to perfect the thermal insulation of the external envelope, this one is doubled internally with a thermal insulator 45. This insulator contributes to reduce the transmissions by radiation of the interior envelope towards the external envelope 14-15-18 .

Le montage du stator de compresseur s'opère comme suit: on glisse dans les rainures de chaque secteur les supports de bandes de friction, puis lorsque tous les secteurs d'un ensemble sont ainsi équipés, on place les secteurs d'aubes statoriques. On coiffe le rotor du compresseur des secteurs préalablement préparés et on positionne la couronne ainsi reconstituée par un montage d'outillage. On présente alors les viroles constituant l'enveloppe extérieure de manière que les pattes qu'elles portent soient angulairement décalées par rapport à celles des secteurs. On engage axialement les tronçons amont et aval de l'enveloppe extérieure et on ramène les trous des pattes en face des trous des pattes des secteurs formant l'enveloppe intérieure, on glisse les broches 27 et on les bloque en place par fixation des flasques d'extrémite 25, 26.The compressor stator is assembled as follows: the friction band supports are slid into the grooves of each sector, then when all the sectors of an assembly are thus equipped, the sectors of the stator vanes are placed. The compressor rotor is covered with the sectors previously prepared and the crown thus reconstituted is positioned by a tool assembly. The ferrules constituting the outer envelope are then presented so that the tabs that they carry are angularly offset with respect to those of the sectors. The upstream and downstream sections of the outer casing are engaged axially and the tab holes are brought back in front of the tab holes of the sectors forming the inner casing, the pins 27 are slid and locked in place by fixing the flanges d 25, 26.

L'on voit que l'enveloppe extérieure 14-15-16 est isolée par l'isolant thermique 45 d'une part et, d'autre part, ventilée par le circulation d'air dans l'espace compris entre les deux enveloppes, et que sa température, donc ses variations dimensionnelles peuvent être de ce fait contrôlées par admission d'air de stator à l'enveloppe extérieure peut être de ce fait contrôlée et par voie de conséquence, le jeu entre les extrémités d'aubes de rotor et les bandes de friction 32 peut être réduit au minimum et demeurer quasiment constant pendant les manoeuvres transistores.It can be seen that the outer casing 14-15-16 is insulated by the thermal insulation 45 on the one hand and, on the other hand, ventilated by the circulation of air in the space between the two envelopes, and that its temperature, therefore its dimensional variations can therefore be controlled by admitting stator air to the outer casing can therefore be controlled and consequently, the clearance between the ends of the rotor blades and the friction strips 32 can be reduced to a minimum and remain almost constant during the transistor operations.

Claims (9)

1. Axial flow compressor adapted for the active control of the clearances between rotor and stator, comprising a stator assembly of which the stator blades are secured to an internal envelope formed by at least one cylindrical annulus held by securing means to the internal wall of an external envelope, the space lying between the two envelopes being traversed by air bled from one stage of the compressor, characterized in this that the internal envelope is formed from at least one assembly (28, 29) of hollow cylindrical sectors (30) carrying on their internal faces alternatively radial circumferential grooves (31, 33) for friction bands (32) and the stator blades (34) and in this that the said sectors (30) have a projection in a horizontal plane of parallelogram shape and in this that each sector (30) carries on its external face and in two radial planes two upstream tabs and two downstream tabs (22), at least one upstream tab and one downstream tab being axially aligned with one another and with two cooperating tabs (20, 24) of the outer envelope for receiving a securing pin (27) in such a manner that one pin in two passes through the tabs of two consecutive sectors.
2. Axial flow compressor according to claim 1 characterized in this that the stator baldes are assembled in sectors (40) formed by two portions of annular annuli (41,42) between which the blades are secured at their ends, the peripheral edges of the outer annulus (41) being shaped to cooperate with the radial grooves (33) of the internal envelope, and in this that the friction bands (32) are secured on supports (37) shaped to cooperate with the radial grooves (31) of the internal envelope.
3. Axial flow compressor according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in this that the grooves (31) which receive the friction band supports have a section of T-shape of which the leg is directed towards the axis of the compressor, and in this that the grooves (33) receiving the blade sectors have a U-section shape, the edges of the groove having an uncoupling feature, being machined on the edge of the grooves (31) receiving the friction band supports.
4. Axial flow compressor according to claim 3 characterized in this that the edges of the support (37) of the friction bands form with the uncoupling features of the edges of the grooves (33) grooves in which the edges of the sectors of the blades are held.
5. Axial flow compressor according to one of the preceeding claims characterized in this that the supports (37) of the friction bands are constituted by two annuli of U-shape (38) symmetrically secured on one segment (39) of the cylindrical annulus.
6. Axial flow compressor according to one of the preceeding claims characterized in this that the outer envelope (2) is doubled internally by a thermally insulating layer (45) and is constituted by three cylindrical portions: an upstream portion (14) and a downstream portion (15), substantially symmetrical with respect to an intermediate portion (16), the upstream portions and downstream portions are formed by a cylindrical annulus (17) comprising at one end an outer radial flange (18) and an internal radial flange (19) in which are formed the tabs (20), the intermediate portion (16) is formed from a cylindrical annulus of which the upstream and downstream edges are welded to the edges of the upstream portions (14) and downstream portions (15) and carrying adjacent to each end a radially-inwardly directed flange (23), cut away in order to form the tabs (24), connections being provided on the said portion in order to form air passages (12).
7. Axial flow compressor according to one of the preceeding claims characterized in this that the inner envelope (1) is formed by two sector assemblies, one upstream assembly (28) and one downstream assembly (29) separated by a bleed zone (10) in communication with the space (11) lying between the internal and external envelopes and openings for air (12), the circulation of ventilation air between the inner and outer envelopes constituting, with the thermal insulating layer (45) and outer ventilation manifolds (13), means for the active control of the clearance between the rotor and stator.
8. Axial flow compressor according to claims 6 and 7 characterized in this that casings (25, 26) are secured to the outer radial flanges (18) of the upstream and downstream portions in order to ensure fluid tightness between the outer envelope (2) and the inner envelope (1).
9. Axial flow compressor according to claim 8 characterized in this that the said casings (25, 26) provide for axial locking of the securing pins (27).
EP83402151A 1982-11-08 1983-11-07 Axial compressor stator blade fixing device for the active control of the play between rotor and stator Expired EP0110757B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8218651 1982-11-08
FR8218651A FR2535795B1 (en) 1982-11-08 1982-11-08 DEVICE FOR SUSPENSION OF STATOR BLADES OF AXIAL COMPRESSOR FOR ACTIVE CONTROL OF GAMES BETWEEN ROTOR AND STATOR

Publications (2)

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EP0110757A1 EP0110757A1 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0110757B1 true EP0110757B1 (en) 1986-09-03

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EP83402151A Expired EP0110757B1 (en) 1982-11-08 1983-11-07 Axial compressor stator blade fixing device for the active control of the play between rotor and stator

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US (1) US4543039A (en)
EP (1) EP0110757B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59113299A (en)
DE (1) DE3365894D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2535795B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4543039A (en) 1985-09-24
FR2535795B1 (en) 1987-04-10
JPH0158359B2 (en) 1989-12-11
DE3365894D1 (en) 1986-10-09
JPS59113299A (en) 1984-06-29
FR2535795A1 (en) 1984-05-11
EP0110757A1 (en) 1984-06-13

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