EP0108666A1 - Device for eroding a solid surface by a cavitating flow - Google Patents
Device for eroding a solid surface by a cavitating flow Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0108666A1 EP0108666A1 EP83401967A EP83401967A EP0108666A1 EP 0108666 A1 EP0108666 A1 EP 0108666A1 EP 83401967 A EP83401967 A EP 83401967A EP 83401967 A EP83401967 A EP 83401967A EP 0108666 A1 EP0108666 A1 EP 0108666A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- deflector
- liquid
- pressure
- eroded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/043—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes
- B08B9/0433—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes provided exclusively with fluid jets as cleaning tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
- B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
- B08B9/0553—Cylindrically shaped pigs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B2209/00—Details of machines or methods for cleaning hollow articles
- B08B2209/005—Use of ultrasonics or cavitation, e.g. as primary or secondary action
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/45—Scale remover or preventor
- Y10T29/4533—Fluid impingement
- Y10T29/4544—Liquid jet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for eroding a solid surface by cavitating flow.
- erosion by cavitation is often considered as a harmful phenomenon limiting the duration of use of certain hydraulic equipment, it is known that such erosion can for example allow the stripping of a surface layer of a metal wall.
- the working liquid conventionally used is water at ordinary temperature, and in the presence of an ambient pressure close to atmospheric pressure. Other liquids, ambient temperatures and pressures could however be used.
- Cavitation erosion can, for example, be used during the dismantling of a nuclear power plant for decontamination of parts where most of the radioactive activity is located in a thin surface layer. These parts are currently treated by chemical, electrochemical methods or by water jets; the advantage of cavitation erosion compared to these methods is that it can be carried out only with water, without producing aerosols or radioactive chemical effluents.
- the present invention aims to achieve a simple and more effective erosion device.
- An originality of the device of the invention compared to known devices with cavitating jets currently used industrially is therefore to produce cavitation in a flow substantially parallel to the surface to be eroded, which makes it possible to locate a greater number of aggressive cavities nearby. of this surface, some of these cavities can take the form * of bubbles during implosion.
- the erosion mechanism according to the invention is essentially due to bubble implosion phenomena while the known cavitating jets cause successions of overpressures / depressions which are less favorable for the decontamination of superficial micro-cracks.
- the invention also relates to the erosion process using this device.
- the axial direction is represented by an arrow F1 and in this case constitutes the "longitudinal" direction previously mentioned, each radial direction moreover constituting a so-called "lateral" direction.
- the working liquid is water and its source is a pump 2 shown in FIG. 1 and supplying several nozzles B in parallel.
- the cavitation phenomenon is caused using a deflector D having a bearing surface D1 bearing against the surface to be eroded S so as to constitute said means for positioning it.
- This deflector receives the jet at the outlet of the nozzle B and deflects it towards "radial" directions parallel to this surface. Its downstream edge constitutes an "active" edge D2 capable of - causing the jet to become detached and the formation of a pocket of steam PV immediately downstream of this edge between the detached jet and the surface to be eroded.
- the condensation zone ZC is located immediately downstream of the PV steam bag. It is in this zone that the surface S is eroded.
- the nozzle B has, at the outlet and in continuity with the axial convergent nozzle T, a guide profile G tilting towards the radial directions opposite the deflector D, creating a local minimum of the section for the passage of the liquid substantially in line with the active edge D2 of the deflector while approaching the surface to be eroded, then gradually increasing this passage section downstream of the deflector and, facing the surface to be eroded S to build up the pressure and thus fix the location of the condensation zone.
- the guide profile G has, in an area with an increased passage section downstream of the cavitation zone along the deflector D, radial support fins G1 extending in the axial direction to come to bear on the surface to be eroded S and maintain predetermined distances between this profile and this surface while facilitating the sliding of the nozzles on this surface.
- the nozzle B and the deflector D have general forms of revolution about the same longitudinal axis A1.
- the bearing surface D1 of the deflector D is perpendicular to this axis.
- the active edge D2 is circular and coaxial with the nozzle.
- the progressive growth of the liquid passage section downstream of the deflector results at least partially from the growth of the perimeter of the circles coaxial with the nozzle when the liquid moves away from this axis.
- the downstream part, that is to say radially external, of the guide profile G is planar and parallel to the surface to be eroded S so as to facilitate the manufacture of the nozzle.
- the progressive growth of the section of passage of the liquid indicated above therefore results only from the growth of the perimeter of the coaxial circles with the nozzle when one moves away from the axis of the latter. This growth is preferably at least equal to 50% over a distance of 5mm from the active edge.
- the deflector D is linked to the nozzle B by connecting fins D3 fixed to the deflector in planes passing through the axis of the nozzle A1, angularly distributed around this axis and penetrating into grooves B1 hollowed out in the nozzle (see figure 3).
- the deflector D has the shape of a circular disc with two parallel planar faces, the planar face opposite the nozzle carrying four connecting fins D3 offset angularly by 90 ° around the axis of the nozzle and leaving free between they a central volume.
- This central volume can be equipped with a jet deflector not shown to improve the flow.
- the invention can be applied to the stripping of the interior surface S of a metal pipe polluted by radioactive products (see Figures 1 and 2).
- the device comprises several nozzles B each provided with a deflector D, mounted in the wall E1 of the same enclosure E with their outlets directed towards the outside of this enclosure, the internal volume thereof being supplied by a source of working liquid under high pressure 2 common to all these nozzles.
- These nozzles are slidably mounted in this wall so that the pressure prevailing in this interior volume keeps the support fins G1 of all these nozzles in permanent contact with the surface to be eroded S.
- the enclosure E is of revolution around the axis A2 of the pipe and slides along the latter while turning on itself. It carries for example 40 nozzles B. These slide along their longitudinal axis A1 and therefore perpendicular to the axis A2, in the wall of the enclosure, thanks to an O-ring seal B2. The seal is placed on a suitable diameter to adjust the contact force to a suitable value.
- the housing of the nozzles in the wall of the enclosure forms a stop B3 limiting the displacement of the nozzle towards the outside.
- the enclosure E has a diameter slightly smaller than that of the pipe, - and it is introduced into the latter before it is pressurized, which allows the retraction of the nozzles towards the interior of the enclosure.
- the minimum water passage section in the nozzle B provided with its deflector D is less than 100 mm 2 to obtain a high erosion yield.
- the efficiency of the device is increased by reducing the general dimensions of the flow.
- the nozzle B can be made of brass
- the outlet diameter of its nozzle T can be 8 mm
- the deflector D can. be made of brass and have a diameter. of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, the water passage section at the right of the active edge D2 being 1 mm high.
- the invention can be implemented not only with axial jet nozzles of circular section, but also with dihedral shaped nozzles forming a laminar jet, using the device shown in FIG. 4.
- the nozzle B 'then extends, perpendicular to the plane of this figure, over a width much greater than its thickness, the latter alone being shown, the shape of the nozzle T', the deflector D 'and the guide profile G 'remaining constant over the entire useful width of the nozzle, and forming a rectilinear active edge D'2 and a bearing surface D'1.
- Nozzle support fins are shown in G'1.
- the nozzle B ' is constituted by two cylindrical blocks (not of revolution), with generatrixes perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. One of these blocks forms at its lower part the guide profile G ', and the other, at its lower part also, the deflector D'. These two blocks are joined by end plates 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Une poche de vapeur (PV) est formée au contact de la surface à éroder S par une arête active (D2) constituant le bord d'un déflecteur (D) qui reçoit un jet d'eau à grande vitesse formé par une buse (B) et le défléchit parallèlement à cette surface. Application au décapage d'une surface polluée.A steam pocket (PV) is formed in contact with the surface to be eroded S by an active edge (D2) constituting the edge of a deflector (D) which receives a jet of water at high speed formed by a nozzle (B ) and deflects it parallel to this surface. Application to the stripping of a polluted surface.
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'érosion d'une surface solide par un écoulement cavitant.The invention relates to a device for eroding a solid surface by cavitating flow.
On sait que l'érosion d'une surface par cavitation résulte de déplacements rapides et désordonnés d'une interface liquide-vapeur au voisinage de cette surface, à l'occasion de la condensation d'une vapeur produite en amont dans un écoulement liquide. Elle peut notamment résulter de l'implosion brutale de bulles de vapeur au sein d'un liquide au contact dé cette surface, une telle implosion résultant de l'application à ce liquide d'une pression supérieure à la pression de vapeur à la température ambiante.It is known that the erosion of a surface by cavitation results from rapid and disorderly displacements of a liquid-vapor interface in the vicinity of this surface, on the occasion of the condensation of a vapor produced upstream in a liquid flow. It can in particular result from the sudden implosion of vapor bubbles within a liquid in contact with this surface, such an implosion resulting from the application to this liquid of a pressure greater than the vapor pressure at ambient temperature. .
Quoique l'érosion par cavitation soit souvent considérée comme un phénomène néfaste limitant la durée d'utilisation de certains équipements hydrauliques, on sait qu'une telle érosion peut par exemple permettre le décapage d'une couche superficielle d'une paroi métallique. Le liquide de travail classiquement utilisé est l'eau à la température ordinaire, et en présence d'une pression ambiante voisine de la pression atmosphérique. D'autres liquides, températures et pressions ambiantes pourraient cependant être utilisés.Although erosion by cavitation is often considered as a harmful phenomenon limiting the duration of use of certain hydraulic equipment, it is known that such erosion can for example allow the stripping of a surface layer of a metal wall. The working liquid conventionally used is water at ordinary temperature, and in the presence of an ambient pressure close to atmospheric pressure. Other liquids, ambient temperatures and pressures could however be used.
L'érosion par cavitation peut par exemple être utilisée lors du démantèlement d'une centrale nucléaire pour la décontamination des pièces dont la plus grande partie de l'activité radioactive est localisée dans une mince couche de surface. Ces pièces sont actuellement traitées par des méthodes chimiques, électrochimiques ou par des jets d'eau ; l'avantage de l'érosion par cavitation par rapport à ces méthodes est qu'elle peut être mise en oeuvre uniquement avec de l'eau, sans produire d'aérosols ou d'effluents chimiques radioactifs.Cavitation erosion can, for example, be used during the dismantling of a nuclear power plant for decontamination of parts where most of the radioactive activity is located in a thin surface layer. These parts are currently treated by chemical, electrochemical methods or by water jets; the advantage of cavitation erosion compared to these methods is that it can be carried out only with water, without producing aerosols or radioactive chemical effluents.
On connaît déjà, par exemple par le brevet US-A 3 807 632 (Johnson), un dispositif d'érosion d'une surface solide par un jet cavitant. Ce dispositif connu comporte
- - une source d'un liquide de travail sous haute pression, ce liquide étant vaporisable à la température ambiante sous une pression inférieure à la pression ambiante,
- - une buse alimentée par cette source et formant une tuyère convergente de direction "longitudinale" pour former avec ce liquide un jet à grande vitesse tout en abaissant la pression du liquide, et pour diriger ce jet vers la surface à éroder selon cette direction longitudinale,
- - et des moyens de cavitation liés à cette buse et agissant sur ce jet pour y abaisser localement la pression, vaporiser partiellement le liquide, et créer des déplacements violents du liquide lors de la recon- densation de la vapeur en aval, dans une zone de condensation où la pression est remontée et qui est au contact de la surface solide à éroder.
- a source of a working liquid under high pressure, this liquid being vaporizable at ambient temperature under a pressure lower than ambient pressure,
- - a nozzle fed by this source and forming a converging nozzle of "longitudinal" direction to form with this liquid a jet with great speed while lowering the pressure of the liquid, and to direct this jet towards the surface to be eroded in this longitudinal direction,
- - And cavitation means linked to this nozzle and acting on this jet to locally lower the pressure, partially vaporize the liquid, and create violent displacements of the liquid during the condensation of the steam downstream, in a zone of condensation where the pressure is raised and which is in contact with the solid surface to be eroded.
Dans ce dispositif de nombreuses bulles de vapeur sont formées dans le jet liquide à distance de la surface à éroder. Le jet contenant ces bulles arrive sur cette surface perpendiculairement à celle-ci. Lorsque la pression est remontée les bulles implosent c'est-à-dire se condensent brutalement. Certaines d'entre elles seulement implosent au contact de la surface à éroder. Seules celles-là sont donc utiles. Il en résulte que le rendement de ce dispositif est faible, ce rendement pouvant être mesuré par le rapport de la masse de matière enlevée à l'énergie mise en oeuvre.In this device, numerous bubbles of vapor are formed in the liquid jet at a distance from the surface to be eroded. The jet containing these bubbles arrives on this surface perpendicular to it. When the pressure is raised, the bubbles implode, that is to say, suddenly condense. Some of them only implode on contact with the surface to be eroded. Only these are therefore useful. As a result, the efficiency of this device is low, this efficiency being able to be measured by the ratio of the mass of material removed to the energy used.
La présente invention a pour but la réalisation d'un dispositif d'érosion simple et plus efficace.The present invention aims to achieve a simple and more effective erosion device.
Elle a pour objet un dispositif,d'érosion d'une surface solide par un écoulement cavitant, ce dispositif comportant
- - une source d'un liquide de travail sous haute pression, ce liquide étant vaporisable à la température ambiante sous une pression inférieure à la pression ambiante,
- - une buse alimentée par cette source et formant une tuyère convergente de direction "longitudinale" pour former avec ce liquide un jet à grande vitesse tout en abaissant la pression du liquide, et pour diriger ce jet - vers la surface à éroder selon cette direction longitudinale,
- - et des moyens de cavitation liés à cette buse et agissant sur ce jet pour abaisser localement la pression du liquide, le vaporiser partiellement et créer des déplacements violents du liquide lors de la reconden- sation de la vapeur en aval, dans une zone de condensation où la pression est remontée et qui est au contact de la surface solide à éroder,
- - ce dispositif étant caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de cavitation comportent un déflecteur muni de moyens pour le positionner au voisinage de la surface à éroder, ce déflecteur recevant le jet en sortie de la buse et le défléchissant vers une direction "latérale" pour former un écoulement parallèle à cette surface, le bord aval de ce déflecteur constituant une arête "active" propre à provoquer un décollement de cet écoulement et la formation d'une poche de vapeur immédiatement en aval de cette arête entre l'écoulement décollé et la surface à éroder. Immédiatement à l'aval de cette poche de vapeur se situe une zone d'implosion de bulles.
- a source of a working liquid under high pressure, this liquid being vaporizable at ambient temperature under a pressure lower than ambient pressure,
- - a nozzle fed by this source and forming a converging nozzle of "longitudinal" direction to form with this liquid a jet at high speed while lowering the pressure of the liquid, and to direct this jet - towards the surface to be eroded in this longitudinal direction ,
- - And cavitation means linked to this nozzle and acting on this jet to locally lower the pressure of the liquid, partially vaporize it and create violent displacements of the liquid during the recondensing of the steam downstream, in a condensation zone where the pressure has risen and which is in contact with the solid surface to be eroded,
- - This device being characterized in that the cavitation means include a deflector provided with means for positioning it at near the surface to be eroded, this deflector receiving the jet at the outlet of the nozzle and deflecting it towards a "lateral" direction to form a flow parallel to this surface, the downstream edge of this deflector constituting an "active" edge capable of causing detachment of this flow and the formation of a vapor pocket immediately downstream of this edge between the unstuck flow and the surface to be eroded. Immediately downstream of this vapor pocket is a bubble implosion zone.
Une originalité du dispositif de l'invention par rapport aux dispositifs connus à jets cavitants actuellement utilisés industriellement est donc de produire la cavitation dans un écoulement sensiblement parallèle à la surface à éroder, ce qui permet de localiser un plus grand nombre de cavités agressives à proximité de cette surface, certaines de ces cavités pouvant prendre la forme*de bulles en cours d'implosion.An originality of the device of the invention compared to known devices with cavitating jets currently used industrially is therefore to produce cavitation in a flow substantially parallel to the surface to be eroded, which makes it possible to locate a greater number of aggressive cavities nearby. of this surface, some of these cavities can take the form * of bubbles during implosion.
En fait, le mécanisme d'érosion selon l'invention est essentiellement dû à des phénomènes d'implosion de bulles alors que les jets cavitants connus provoquent des successions de surpressions/dépressions qui sont moins favorables à la décontamination des micro-fissures superficielles.In fact, the erosion mechanism according to the invention is essentially due to bubble implosion phenomena while the known cavitating jets cause successions of overpressures / depressions which are less favorable for the decontamination of superficial micro-cracks.
L'invention a également pour objet le procédé d'érosion utilisant ce dispositif.The invention also relates to the erosion process using this device.
A l'aide des figures schématiques ci-jointes on va décrire ci-après, à titre non limitatif, comment l'invention peut être mise en oeuvre. Il doit être compris que les éléments décrits et représentés peuvent, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, être remplacés par d'autres éléments assurant les mêmes fonctions techniques. Lorsqu'un même élément est représenté sur plusieurs figures il y est désigné par le même signe de référence.
- La figure 1 représente un dispositif de décapage intérieur d'un tuyau pollué, ce dispositif comportant plusieurs têtes érodantes constituant chacune un dispositif selon l'invention, ce dispositif de décapage étant vu en coupe par un plan axial.
- La figure 2 représente une tête du dispositif ci-dessus, vue en coupe par un plan passant par l'axe de cette tête et l'axe de ce dispositif, .à échelle agrandie, sous la forme d'un détail II de la figure 1.
- La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective éclatée de l'extrémité de la même tête du côté de la surface à éroder.
- La figure 4 représente une vue d'une tête à jet laminaire selon l'invention, en perspective avec coupe par un plan perpendiculaire à la lame du jet et à la surface à éroder.
- FIG. 1 represents an internal pickling device for a polluted pipe, this device comprising several eroding heads each constituting a device according to the invention, this pickling device being seen in section through an axial plane.
- 2 shows a head of the above device, seen in section through a plane passing through the axis of this head and the axis of this device,. On an enlarged scale, in the form of a detail II of the figure 1.
- FIG. 3 represents an exploded perspective view of the end of the same head on the side of the surface to be eroded.
- FIG. 4 represents a view of a laminar jet head according to the invention, in perspective with section through a plane perpendicular to the blade of the jet and to the surface to be eroded.
Les dispositifs selon l'invention représentés sur les figures 1, 2 et 3 comportent des éléments connus qui sont :
- - une source 2 d'un liquide de travail sous haute pression, ce liquide étant vaporisable à la température ambiante sous une pression inférieure à la pression ambiante,
- - et une buse B alimentée par cette source et formant une tuyère convergente T de direction "axiale" pour former avec ce liquide un jet à grande vitesse tout en abaissant la pression du liquide, et ensuite pour transformer ce jet en un écoulement radial parallèle à la surface à éroder S.
- a source 2 of a working liquid under high pressure, this liquid being vaporizable at ambient temperature under a pressure lower than ambient pressure,
- - And a nozzle B fed by this source and forming a convergent nozzle T of "axial" direction to form with this liquid a jet at high speed while lowering the pressure of the liquid, and then to transform this jet into a radial flow parallel to the surface to be eroded S.
Plus particulièrement, la direction axiale est représentée par une flèche F1 et constitue dans ce cas la direction "longitudinale" précédemment mentionnée, chaque direction radiale constituant par ailleurs une dite direction "latérale".More particularly, the axial direction is represented by an arrow F1 and in this case constitutes the "longitudinal" direction previously mentioned, each radial direction moreover constituting a so-called "lateral" direction.
Le liquide de travail est de l'eau et sa source est une pompe 2 représentée sur la figure 1 et alimentant plusieurs buses B en parallèle.The working liquid is water and its source is a pump 2 shown in FIG. 1 and supplying several nozzles B in parallel.
Conformément à la présente invention le phénomène de cavitation est provoqué à l'aide d'un déflecteur D présentant une surface d'appui D1 venant en appui contre la surface à éroder S de manière à constituer lesdits moyens pour le positionner. Ce déflecteur reçoit le jet en sortie de la buse B et le défléchit vers des directions "radiales" parallèles à cette surface. Son bord aval constitue une arête "active" D2 propre à - provoquer un décollement du jet et la formation d'une poche de vapeur PV immédiatement en aval de cette arête entre le jet décollé et la surface à éroder.In accordance with the present invention, the cavitation phenomenon is caused using a deflector D having a bearing surface D1 bearing against the surface to be eroded S so as to constitute said means for positioning it. This deflector receives the jet at the outlet of the nozzle B and deflects it towards "radial" directions parallel to this surface. Its downstream edge constitutes an "active" edge D2 capable of - causing the jet to become detached and the formation of a pocket of steam PV immediately downstream of this edge between the detached jet and the surface to be eroded.
Lesdites directions radiales sont représentées par des flèches F2. La zone de condensation ZC est située immédiatement en aval de la poche de vapeur PV. C'est dans cette zone que la surface S est érodée.Said radial directions are represented by arrows F2. The condensation zone ZC is located immediately downstream of the PV steam bag. It is in this zone that the surface S is eroded.
De préférence, et comme représenté, la buse B comporte en sortie et en continuité avec la tuyère convergente axiale T un profil de guidage G s'inclinant vers les directions radiales en regard du déflecteur D, créant un minimum local de la section de passage du liquide sensiblement au droit de l'arête active D2 du déflecteur tout en se rapprochant de la surface à éroder, puis faisant croitre progressivement cette section de passage en aval du déflecteur et,en regard de la surface à éroder S pour faire remonter la pression et fixer ainsi l'emplacement de la zone de condensation.Preferably, and as shown, the nozzle B has, at the outlet and in continuity with the axial convergent nozzle T, a guide profile G tilting towards the radial directions opposite the deflector D, creating a local minimum of the section for the passage of the liquid substantially in line with the active edge D2 of the deflector while approaching the surface to be eroded, then gradually increasing this passage section downstream of the deflector and, facing the surface to be eroded S to build up the pressure and thus fix the location of the condensation zone.
Le profil de guidage G présente, dans une zone à section de passage accrue en aval de la zone de cavitation suivant le déflecteur D, des ailettes d'appui radial G1 s'étendant selon la direction axiale pour venir en appui sur la surface à éroder S et maintenir des distances prédéterminées entre ce profil et cette surface tout'en facilitant le glissement des buses sur cette surface.The guide profile G has, in an area with an increased passage section downstream of the cavitation zone along the deflector D, radial support fins G1 extending in the axial direction to come to bear on the surface to be eroded S and maintain predetermined distances between this profile and this surface while facilitating the sliding of the nozzles on this surface.
Les dispositions qui viennent d'être décrites à propos de la tête à jet axial représentée sur les figures 2 et 3 se retrouvent de manière analogue dans la tête à jet laminaire représentée sur la figure 4.The arrangements which have just been described with respect to the axial jet head shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are found similarly in the laminar jet head shown in FIG. 4.
Dans le cas de la tête à jet axial la buse B et le déflecteur D présentent des formes générales de révolution autour d'un même axe longitudinal A1. La surface d'appui D1 du déflecteur D est perpendiculaire à cet axe. L'arête active D2 est circulaire et coaxiale à la buse. La croissance progressive de la section de passage du liquide en aval du déflecteur résulte au moins partiellement de la croissance du périmètre des cercles coaxiaux à la buse lorsque le liquide s'éloigne de cet axe.In the case of the axial jet head, the nozzle B and the deflector D have general forms of revolution about the same longitudinal axis A1. The bearing surface D1 of the deflector D is perpendicular to this axis. The active edge D2 is circular and coaxial with the nozzle. The progressive growth of the liquid passage section downstream of the deflector results at least partially from the growth of the perimeter of the circles coaxial with the nozzle when the liquid moves away from this axis.
Dans l'exemple représenté, la partie aval, c'est-à-dire radialement externe, du profil de guidage G est plane et parallèle à la surface à éroder S de manière à faciliter la fabrication de la buse. La croissance progressive de la section de passage du liquide indiquée ci-dessus résulte donc seulement de la croissance du périmètre des cercles coaxiaux à la buse lorsqu'on s'éloigne de l'axe de celle-ci. Cette croissance est de préférence au moins égale à 50% sur une distance de 5mm à partir de l'arête active.In the example shown, the downstream part, that is to say radially external, of the guide profile G is planar and parallel to the surface to be eroded S so as to facilitate the manufacture of the nozzle. The progressive growth of the section of passage of the liquid indicated above therefore results only from the growth of the perimeter of the coaxial circles with the nozzle when one moves away from the axis of the latter. This growth is preferably at least equal to 50% over a distance of 5mm from the active edge.
De préférence, le déflecteur D est lié à la buse B par des ailettes de liaison D3 fixées au déflecteur dans des plans passant par l'axe de la buse A1, réparties angulairement autour de cet axe et pénétrant dans des rainures B1 creusées dans la buse (voir figure 3).Preferably, the deflector D is linked to the nozzle B by connecting fins D3 fixed to the deflector in planes passing through the axis of the nozzle A1, angularly distributed around this axis and penetrating into grooves B1 hollowed out in the nozzle (see figure 3).
Plus précisément le déflecteur D présente la forme d'un disque circulaire à deux faces planes parallèles, la face plane en regard de la buse portant quatre ailettes de liaison D3 décalées angulairement de 90° autour de l'axe de la buse et laissant libre entre elles un volume central. Ce volume central peut être équipé d'un déviateur de jet non représenté pour améliorer l'écoulement.More precisely, the deflector D has the shape of a circular disc with two parallel planar faces, the planar face opposite the nozzle carrying four connecting fins D3 offset angularly by 90 ° around the axis of the nozzle and leaving free between they a central volume. This central volume can be equipped with a jet deflector not shown to improve the flow.
L'invention peut être appliquée au décapage de la surface intérieure S d'un tuyau métallique pollué par des produits radioactifs (voir figures 1 et 2).The invention can be applied to the stripping of the interior surface S of a metal pipe polluted by radioactive products (see Figures 1 and 2).
Dans ce cas et dans d'autres, de préférence, le dispositif comporte plusieurs buses B munie chacune d'un déflecteur D, montées dans la paroi E1 d'une même enceinte E avec leurs sorties dirigées vers l'extérieur de cette enceinte, le volume intérieur de celle-ci étant alimenté par une source de liquide de travail sous haute pression 2 commune à toutes ces buses. Ces buses sont montées coulissantes dans cette paroi pour que la pression régnant dans ce volume intérieur maintienne les ailettes d'appui G1 de toutes ces buses au contact permanent de la surface à éroder S.In this case and in others, preferably, the device comprises several nozzles B each provided with a deflector D, mounted in the wall E1 of the same enclosure E with their outlets directed towards the outside of this enclosure, the internal volume thereof being supplied by a source of working liquid under high pressure 2 common to all these nozzles. These nozzles are slidably mounted in this wall so that the pressure prevailing in this interior volume keeps the support fins G1 of all these nozzles in permanent contact with the surface to be eroded S.
L'enceinte E est de révolution autour de l'axe A2 du tuyau et coulisse le long de celui-ci tout en tournant sur elle-même. Elle porte par exemple 40 buses B. Celles-ci coulissent selon leur axe longitudinal A1 et donc perpendiculairement à l'axe A2, dans la paroi de l'enceinte, grâce à un joint torique d'étanchéité B2. Le joint d'étanchéité est placé sur un diamètre convenable pour ajuster la force de contact à une valeur convenable. Le logement des buses dans la paroi de l'enceinte forme une butée B3 limitant le déplacement de la buse vers l'extérieur. L'enceinte E présente un diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui du tuyau, - et elle est introduite dans celui-ci avant sa mise sous pression, ce qui permet la rétractation des buses vers l'intérieur de l'enceinte.The enclosure E is of revolution around the axis A2 of the pipe and slides along the latter while turning on itself. It carries for example 40 nozzles B. These slide along their longitudinal axis A1 and therefore perpendicular to the axis A2, in the wall of the enclosure, thanks to an O-ring seal B2. The seal is placed on a suitable diameter to adjust the contact force to a suitable value. The housing of the nozzles in the wall of the enclosure forms a stop B3 limiting the displacement of the nozzle towards the outside. The enclosure E has a diameter slightly smaller than that of the pipe, - and it is introduced into the latter before it is pressurized, which allows the retraction of the nozzles towards the interior of the enclosure.
De préférence, la section minimale de passage de l'eau dans la buse B munie de son déflecteur D est inférieure à 100 mm2 pour obtenir un rendement d'érosion élevé.Preferably, the minimum water passage section in the nozzle B provided with its deflector D is less than 100 mm 2 to obtain a high erosion yield.
En effet, l'efficacité du dispositif est accrue par la réduction des dimensions générales de l'écoulement. Pour un même débit d'eau et une même section de passage critique, il est toujours plus avantageux de mettre en oeuvre deux têtes cavitantes de petites dimensions plutôt qu'une seule tête parfaitement semblable, mais de plus grande dimension.Indeed, the efficiency of the device is increased by reducing the general dimensions of the flow. For the same water flow and the same critical passage section, it is always more advantageous to use two cavitating heads of small dimensions rather than a single perfectly similar head, but of larger dimension.
Plus précisément, à titre d'exemple, la buse B peut être constituée de laiton, le diamètre de sortie de sa tuyère T peut être 8 mm, le déflecteur D peut. être constitué de laiton et présenter un diamètre . de 10 mm et une épaisseur de 1 mm, la section de passage de l'eau au droit de l'arête active D2 étant haute de 1 mm.More specifically, by way of example, the nozzle B can be made of brass, the outlet diameter of its nozzle T can be 8 mm, the deflector D can. be made of brass and have a diameter. of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, the water passage section at the right of the active edge D2 being 1 mm high.
Dans ces conditions les essais ont montrés que la mise en oeuvre du procédé permettrait de nettoyer en 4 heures une surface de 0,25 m2 d'acier inoxydable sur une épaisseur supérieure à 10 microns avec une pression de 300 bars et un débit de 10 1/s. De plus, les essais ont également montré que la buse et le déflecteur n'ont pas été érodés et que l'arête D2 n'a pas été érodée non plus.Under these conditions, the tests have shown that the implementation of the process would make it possible to clean a surface of 0.25 m 2 of stainless steel over a thickness greater than 10 microns in 4 hours with a pressure of 300 bars and a flow rate of 10 1 / s. In addition, tests also showed that the nozzle and the deflector were not eroded and that the edge D2 was not eroded either.
L'invention peut être mise en oeuvre non seulement avec des buses à jet axial à section circulaire, mais aussi avec des buses en forme de dièdre formant un jet laminaire, à l'aide du dispositif représenté sur la figure 4.The invention can be implemented not only with axial jet nozzles of circular section, but also with dihedral shaped nozzles forming a laminar jet, using the device shown in FIG. 4.
La buse B' s'étend alors, perpendiculairement au plan de cette figure, sur une largeur beaucoup plus grande que son épaisseur, cette dernière seule étant représentée, la forme de la tuyère T', du déflecteur D' et du profil de guidage G' restant constant sur toute la largeur utile de la buse, et formant une arête active rectiligne D'2 et une surface d'appui D'1. Des ailettes d'appui de la buse sont représentées en G'1. La buse B' est constituée par deux blocs cylindriques (non de révolution), à génératrices perpendiculaires au plan de la feuille. L'un de ces blocs forme à sa partie inférieure le profil de guidage G', et l'autre, à sa partie inférieure également, le déflecteur D'. Ces deux blocs sont réunis par des plaques d'extrémité 4. Dans ce cas la croissance progressive de la section de passage de l'eau en aval du déflecteur résulte du fait que le profil de guidage G' s'écarte de la surface à éroder S. La divergence de l'écoulement assurant la remontée de pression est plus difficile à réaliser que dans la réalisation de révolution.The nozzle B 'then extends, perpendicular to the plane of this figure, over a width much greater than its thickness, the latter alone being shown, the shape of the nozzle T', the deflector D 'and the guide profile G 'remaining constant over the entire useful width of the nozzle, and forming a rectilinear active edge D'2 and a bearing surface D'1. Nozzle support fins are shown in G'1. The nozzle B 'is constituted by two cylindrical blocks (not of revolution), with generatrixes perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. One of these blocks forms at its lower part the guide profile G ', and the other, at its lower part also, the deflector D'. These two blocks are joined by end plates 4. In this case the gradual growth of the water passage section downstream of the deflector results from the fact that the guide profile G 'deviates from the surface to be eroded S. The divergence of the flow ensuring the pressure rise is more difficult to achieve than in the realization of revolution.
Claims (10)
ce procédé étant caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de cavitation comportent un déflecteur (D) positionné au voisinage de la surface à éroder (S), ce déflecteur recevant le jet en sortie de la buse (B) et le défléchissant vers une direction "latérale" parallèle à cette surface, le bord de ce déflecteur constituant une arête "active" (D2) propre à provoquer un décollement de l'écoulement et la formation d'une poche de vapeur (PV) immédiatement en aval de cette arête entre l'écoulement décollé et la surface à éroder.
this process being characterized by the fact that the cavitation means comprise a deflector (D) positioned in the vicinity of the surface to be eroded (S), this deflector receiving the jet at the outlet of the nozzle (B) and deflecting it towards a direction " lateral "parallel to this surface, the edge of this deflector constituting an" active "edge (D2) capable of causing separation of the flow and the formation of a vapor pocket (PV) immediately downstream of this edge between the flow unstuck and the surface to be eroded.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8216798 | 1982-10-07 | ||
FR8216798A FR2534158A1 (en) | 1982-10-07 | 1982-10-07 | DEVICE FOR EROSIONING A SOLID SURFACE BY A CAVITANT FLOW |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0108666A1 true EP0108666A1 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
EP0108666B1 EP0108666B1 (en) | 1986-08-13 |
Family
ID=9278050
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83401967A Expired EP0108666B1 (en) | 1982-10-07 | 1983-10-07 | Device for eroding a solid surface by a cavitating flow |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4497664A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0108666B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59501682A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1202560A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3365329D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2534158A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1984001528A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10048460B4 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2004-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Raman amplifier |
WO2004101180A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-25 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo 'legranproekt' | Method for hydrodynamic processing a surface and device for carrying out said method |
CN101387191B (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-11-09 | 大庆石油管理局 | Immobile string cleaner for vertical pipeline and method |
Families Citing this family (18)
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US4790394A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1988-12-13 | Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson, III | Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method |
US4787465A (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1988-11-29 | Ben Wade Oakes Dickinson Iii Et Al. | Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method |
ZA872710B (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-05 | Wade Oakes Dickinson Ben Iii | Hydraulic drilling apparatus and method |
US4807663A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-28 | Jones James S | Manifold for the application of agricultural ammonia |
US4874435A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-10-17 | Caracciolo Louis D | Ozonization of containers |
US5125582A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-06-30 | Halliburton Company | Surge enhanced cavitating jet |
US5125425A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-06-30 | Folts Michael E | Cleaning and deburring nozzle |
JP2774008B2 (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1998-07-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Method and apparatus for improving residual stress in nuclear reactor structure |
US5363927A (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1994-11-15 | Frank Robert C | Apparatus and method for hydraulic drilling |
US5785258A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1998-07-28 | Vortexx Group Incorporated | Method and apparatus for conditioning fluid flow |
US5664992A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1997-09-09 | Abclean America, Inc. | Apparatus and method for cleaning tubular members |
US6273790B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2001-08-14 | International Processing Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing coatings and oxides from substrates |
US7100844B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2006-09-05 | Ultrastrip Systems, Inc. | High impact waterjet nozzle |
US7140184B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2006-11-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel injection method and apparatus for a combustor |
US7137568B1 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2006-11-21 | Lacrosse William R | Apparatus and method for flow diverter |
AU2007311685B2 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2012-04-12 | Oceansaver As | Ballast water treatment methods and apparatus |
US8257147B2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2012-09-04 | Regency Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for jet-assisted drilling or cutting |
RU2490736C1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Горно-химический комбинат" | Deposit washing-out and mixing device |
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US4193635A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1980-03-18 | Hochrein Ambrose A Jr | Controlled cavitation erosion process and system |
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US1401176A (en) * | 1921-12-27 | Arthur c | ||
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US777053A (en) * | 1903-07-27 | 1904-12-06 | St Louis Street Flushing Machine Company | Adjustable flushing-nozzle. |
US2279374A (en) * | 1937-02-24 | 1942-04-14 | Hugo Lublinski | Washing installation |
US2156370A (en) * | 1937-06-24 | 1939-05-02 | Charles O Brownfield | Cleaning apparatus |
US3807632A (en) * | 1971-08-26 | 1974-04-30 | Hydronautics | System for eroding solids with a cavitating fluid jet |
US3785572A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1974-01-15 | Peabody Engineering Corp | Plastic lined spray nozzle |
CA1128582A (en) * | 1980-04-10 | 1982-07-27 | Geoffrey W. Vickers | Cavitation nozzle assembly |
US4361285A (en) * | 1980-06-03 | 1982-11-30 | Fluid Kinetics, Inc. | Mixing nozzle |
US4389071A (en) * | 1980-12-12 | 1983-06-21 | Hydronautics, Inc. | Enhancing liquid jet erosion |
-
1982
- 1982-10-07 FR FR8216798A patent/FR2534158A1/en active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-10-06 CA CA000438563A patent/CA1202560A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-07 EP EP83401967A patent/EP0108666B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-07 DE DE8383401967T patent/DE3365329D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-07 US US06/539,900 patent/US4497664A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-10-07 WO PCT/FR1983/000204 patent/WO1984001528A1/en unknown
- 1983-10-07 JP JP58503155A patent/JPS59501682A/en active Granted
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US3528704A (en) * | 1968-07-17 | 1970-09-15 | Hydronautics | Process for drilling by a cavitating fluid jet |
US4193635A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1980-03-18 | Hochrein Ambrose A Jr | Controlled cavitation erosion process and system |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10048460B4 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2004-02-12 | Siemens Ag | Raman amplifier |
WO2004101180A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-11-25 | Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo 'legranproekt' | Method for hydrodynamic processing a surface and device for carrying out said method |
CN101387191B (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-11-09 | 大庆石油管理局 | Immobile string cleaner for vertical pipeline and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2534158B1 (en) | 1984-12-14 |
FR2534158A1 (en) | 1984-04-13 |
WO1984001528A1 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
JPS59501682A (en) | 1984-10-04 |
JPH0141960B2 (en) | 1989-09-08 |
DE3365329D1 (en) | 1986-09-18 |
US4497664A (en) | 1985-02-05 |
EP0108666B1 (en) | 1986-08-13 |
CA1202560A (en) | 1986-04-01 |
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