EP0105653B1 - Method and assembly for hot consolidating materials - Google Patents
Method and assembly for hot consolidating materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0105653B1 EP0105653B1 EP83305446A EP83305446A EP0105653B1 EP 0105653 B1 EP0105653 B1 EP 0105653B1 EP 83305446 A EP83305446 A EP 83305446A EP 83305446 A EP83305446 A EP 83305446A EP 0105653 B1 EP0105653 B1 EP 0105653B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elastomeric
- medium
- ram
- cavity
- pot die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
- B22F3/1216—Container composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
- B22F3/1216—Container composition
- B22F3/1241—Container composition layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
Definitions
- the subject invention is used for consolidating material of metallic and nonmetallic powder compositions and combinations thereof to form a predetermined densified compact. Consolidation is usually accomplished by evacuating a container and filling the container with a powder to be consolidated and thereafter hermetically sealing the container. Pressure is then applied to the filled and sealed container to subject the powder to pressure. Typically, heat is also applied to heat the powder to a compaction temperature. The combination of heat and pressure facilitates consolidation of the powder.
- the powder to be compacted is encapsulated in a substantially fully dense and incompressible container providing a pressure-transmitting medium which maintains its configurational integrity while being handled both at ambient temperatures and at the elevated compaction temperatures, yet becomes fluidic and capable of plastic flow when pressure is applied to the entire exterior surface thereof to hydrostatically compact the powder.
- the powder is hermetically encapsulated within the pressure-transmitting medium which is thereafter heated to a temperature sufficient for compaction and densification of the powder.
- the pressure-transmitting medium with the powder therein may be placed between two dies of a press which are rapidly closed to apply pressure to the entire exterior of the pressure-transmitting medium.
- the pressure-transmitting medium at least immediately prior to a selected predetermined densification, must be fully dense and imcompressible and capable of flow so that the pressure transmitted to the powder is hydrostatic and, therefore, from all directions, i.e., omnidirectional.
- the pressure-transmitting medium defining the container must be removed from the compacted material and in so doing the integrity of the pressure-transmitting medium is lost whereby either the pressure-transmitting medium is no longer usable or must be completely recycled to fabricate a new container.
- the subject invention is for consolidating material of metallic and nonmetallic compositions and combinations thereof to form a densified compact of predetermined density wherein a quantity of such material which is less dense than the predetermined density is heated and disposed in a cavity in a pressure-transmitting medium to which external pressure is applied to the entire exterior of the medium to cause a predetermined densification of the material by hydrostatic pressure applied by the medium in response to the medium being substantially fully dense and incompressible and capable of elastic flow at least just prior to the predetermined densification, the pressure-transmitting medium being an elastomeric medium.
- the invention is characterised by encapsulating the material in a thermal insulating barrier means disposed within the cavity of the elastomeric medium to establish a thermal barrier between the material to be compacted and the elastomeric medium prior to applying pressure to the medium to limit heat transfer between the material and the elastomeric medium.
- the press In order to effect compaction hydrostatically through a substantially fully dense and incompressible medium in a press, the press must provide sufficient force to cause plastic flow of the medium.
- the material to be compacted is placed within a pressure-transmitting medium which is, in turn, placed in a press where it is subjected to forces rendering it fluid and capable of transmitting forces hydrostatically to the material to be compacted and in so doing the pressure-transmitting medium changes shape.
- the pressure-transmitting medium totally encapsulates the material being compacted and loses its integrity upon being moved from the compacted material. Because the pressure-transmitting medium changes shape during the compaction and has its integrity destroyed by being removed from the compacted material, it either cannot be reused or must undergo significant processing for reuse.
- the pressure-transmitting medium comprises an elastomeric medium which becomes fully dense and incompressible and capable of elastic flow just prior to the predetermined densification of the compact, yet is sufficiently elastic to return to its initial configuration for continued and repetitive reuse and compaction.
- This may be accomplished in accordance with the instant invention by utilizing a thermal insulating barrier means between the elastomeric medium and the heated material to be compacted so that the integrity of the elastomeric medium is not degraded by the heat and may be used repetitively.
- the subject invention may be utilized for consolidating various metallic powders and non- metallic powders, as well as combinations thereof, to form a densified compact.
- the degree of density of the powder is increased to a predetermined or desired density which may be full density or densification or less than full density or densification.
- the invention relates to a method for consolidating material of metallic and nonmetallic compositions and combinations thereof to form a densified compact of a predetermined density wherein a quantity of such material which is less dense than the predetermined final density is encapsulated in a pressure-transmitting medium to which external pressure is applied to the entire exterior of the medium to cause a predetermined densification of the encapsulated material by hydrostatic pressure applied by the medium in response to the medium being substantially fully dense and incompressible and capable of elastic flow, i.e., fluidic, at least just prior to the predetermined densification.
- the medium transmits pressure hydrostatically like a liquid omnidirectionally about the material for compaction thereof.
- a quantity of less than fully dense powder 10 fills and is encapsulated within a container 12.
- the container 12 is evacuated as by a vacuum through a tube (not shown) and then is filled with the powder 10 under vacuum through the tube. After filling, the tube is sealed to hermetically seal the container 12 with the powder 10 under a vacuum therein.
- the container 10 is a thin-walled and preferably of a sheet metal material.
- the container 12 may be filled and sealed in accordance with the teachings of United States Patent 4,229,872 granted October 28, 1980 and assigned to the assignee of the subject invention.
- the container 12 is circular in cross section to define a cylinder and has a fill tube (not shown) extending from one end thereof. It will be understood, however, that the configuration of the container 12 will depend upon the desired configuration of the end part or compact.
- an assembly for implementing the subject invention includes a pot die 14 and a ram 16 which include attachment points 18 for attaching alignment keys for aligning the pot die 14 and ram 16.
- the pot die 14 and the ram 16 also include bores 20 for receiving attaching bolts or pins to attach the pot die 14 and ram 16 to a press which may be one of any of a number of well-known types.
- the ram 16 and pit die 14 are aligned during the opening and closing of the press between the open position shown in Figure 1 and the closed position shown in FIGURE 2.
- a pressure-transmitting medium comprising first and second elastomeric components 22 and 24, defines a cavity for encapsulating the material to be consolidated.
- the pot die 14 is made of an incompressible material such as steel and includes a pot die cavity 26.
- the ram 16 is made of an incompressible material such as steel and includes a ram-cavity 28 therein.
- the ram 16 includes a raised flange or ridge 30 surrounding the ram-cavity 28.
- the pot-die cavity 26 has peripheral surfaces for receiving and sliding engagement with the exterior surfaces of the raised flange 30 of the ram 16.
- the interior surfaces of the cavity 26 in the pot die 14 are aligned with the exterior surfaces of the flange 30 of the ram 16 so that they are in close sliding engagement with one another as the pot die 14 and ram 16 are closed.
- the first component 22 of the elastomeric medium is retained in the pot-die cavity 26 as by being wedged therein or having small amounts of adhesive securing the elastomeric component to the cavity 26.
- the second elastomeric component 24 is retained in the ram-cavity 28.
- the first and second elastomeric components 22 and 24 define a cylindrical cavity for surrounding the material 10 for compaction thereof.
- the elastomeric components 22 and 24 may, in addition to natural rubber, consist of elastomers such as neoprene, polysiloxane elastomers, polyurethane, polysulfide rubber, polybutadiene, buna-S, etc.
- the elastomeric medium making up the components 22 and 24 is elastic in that it may be compressed and. yet returns to its original configuration. However, after the elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24 is compressed to a certain degree, it becomes substantially incompressible, yet fluidic, i.e., capable of elastic flow, so that at the point of compaction and the desired densification of the powder 10, it hydrostatically applies pressure omnidirectionally about the container 12 to compact the powder 10 therein.
- the container 12 is of a material which is thin-walled and reduces in volume to compact the powder 10.
- a thermal insulating barrier means establishes a thermal barrier between the powder material 10 and the elastomeric medium 22 and 24 prior to applying pressure to the medium 22 and 24 by the closure of the pot die 14 and ram 16 to limit the heat transfer between the material 10 and the elastomeric medium 22 and 24.
- the thermal insulating barrier means includes a first thermal insulating jacket 32 completely surrounding the container 12 for limiting the heat loss from the material 10 and a second thermal insulating jacket 34 surrounding the first jacket 32 for protecting the elastomeric components 24 and 22 from heat emanating from the first jacket 32.
- the jackets 32 and 34 are made of a ceramic material having a very low thermal conductivity.
- the material of which the jackets 32 and 34 are made is fluidic or capable of flow at least just prior to the desired compaction of the powder 10 as pressure is applied thereabout hydrostatically through the elastomeric components 22 and 24.
- the material of the jackets 32 and 34 may flow in the manner of quicksand just prior to compaction.
- the container 12 has the first jacket 32 cast thereabout in a mold so that the jacket 32 completely encapsulates the container 12 and is a homogeneous material.
- the first jacket 32 with the container 12 and the material therein is heated to an elevated temperature sufficient for compaction. During this heating, the jacket 32 becomes heated.
- the jacket 32 With the container 12 and the material 10 therein, is placed within the second jacket 34 within the cavity defined by the elastomeric components 22 and 24.
- the second jacket 34 is made of two complementary sections which mate together to completely encapsulate and surround the first jacket 32.
- the second jacket 34 is also fluidic or capable of flow just prior to the desired densification of the powder 10.
- the flange 30 enters the cavity 26 of the pot die 14 before the elastomeric components 22 and 24 contact one another and are compressed to create hydrostatic pressure as they become incompressible and fluidic for transmitting hydrostatic pressure omnidirectionally against the second jacket 34 which, in turn, transmits the hydrostatic pressure through the jacket 32 and the container 12 to compact and densify the powdered metal 10.
- either or both of the jackets 32 and 34 may be made of a ceramic having reinforcing fibres therein which allow some contraction or expansion of the basic materials making up the jackets 32 or 34. In other words, either one of the jackets 32 and 34 may have fibers dispersed therein for reinforcement.
- jackets 32 and 34 may be made of a crumbling material which may be crushed to become incompressible, but yet fluidic enough to transmit the pressure hydrostatically from the elastomeric components 22 and 24 to the container 12 and, thus, to the powdered metal 10.
- a seal 36 of a harder material than the elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24 is disposed within and below the upper extremity of the cavity 26 of the pot die 14 so that after the flange 30 of the ram 16 enters the pot die 14 and applies pressure to the elastomeric components 22 and 24, the seal 36 is forced into sealing engagement with the interior surfaces of the cavity 26 in the pot die 14 at the juncture thereof with the exterior surface of the flange 30 of the ram 16 to prevent leakage of the elastomeric components 22 and 24 between the ram 16 and the pot die 14.
- the seal 36 is of a higher durometer than the elastomeric components 22 and 24 and, therefore, is less capable of plastic flow albeit the seal material 36 is capable of plastic flow.
- the elastomeric components 22 and 24 engage one another and begin to compress to a point at which they become incompressible and convey pressure hydrostatically in an omnidirectional fashion to compact the powdered metal 10.
- the components 22 and 24, as well as the seal 36 include a plurality of lubrication grooves 38 and 40, respectively, in the exterior surfaces thereof to facilitate movement relative to the adjacent supporting surface of the cavities in which they are disposed.
- a lubricant is disposed within the grooves 38 and 40 to allow the material to compress and slide relative to the adjacent surfaces.
- the grooves are diminished in size so as to be imperceivable, yet the grooves exist to trap incompressible lubricant therein during full compression.
- the powdered metal 10 fills a thin-walled container 12 which is, in turn, encapsulated within a first thermal insulating jacket 32 as by having the jacket 32 cast thereabout, after which they are heated to an elevated temperature sufficient for compaction of the powder 10.
- a lower section of the second jacket 34 may be disposed within a cavity in the elastomeric component 22 of the pot die 14 and the first jacket 32 with the powder therein disposed within the lower section 34 of the outer jacket.
- the upper half or section of the second jacket 34 is then disposed over the heated inner or first jacket 32 and the ram and pot die are moved together to the position shown in FIGURE 2 to densify and compact the powder into a densified compact 10'.
- the elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24 may initially be compressible, but upon reaching a certain point of applied pressure becomes incompressible so as to hydrostatically transmit pressure in an omnidirectional fashion entirely about the jackets 32 and 34 to the powder 10 to compact and densify the powder into the compact 10' of the desired densification.
- the pot die 14 and ram 16 may be opened to allow the elastomeric components 22 and 24 to return to their precompressed shape and to remove the comapct 10' so that thereafter the container 10 and the jackets 32 and 34 may be removed to expose the compact 10'.
- the jackets 32 and 34 will be disposable and new jackets would be utilized on successive opening and closing of the pot die 14 and ram 16 for successively forming compacts 10'.
- thermal insulating jacket may be utilized between the heated powdered material 10 and the elastomeric components 22 and 24. Additionally, the thicknesses of the thermal insulating barrier means may vary depending on the sizes, configurations, masses, etc. of the powder 10 to be compacted and densified.
Description
- The subject invention is used for consolidating material of metallic and nonmetallic powder compositions and combinations thereof to form a predetermined densified compact. Consolidation is usually accomplished by evacuating a container and filling the container with a powder to be consolidated and thereafter hermetically sealing the container. Pressure is then applied to the filled and sealed container to subject the powder to pressure. Typically, heat is also applied to heat the powder to a compaction temperature. The combination of heat and pressure facilitates consolidation of the powder.
- It is well-known to place a hermetically sealed container with the powder therein in an autoclave or hot isostatic press where it is subjected to heat and gas pressure.
- Because of the expense and limitations of an autoclave or hot isostatic press, there have been significant developments made wherein the powder to be compacted is encapsulated in a substantially fully dense and incompressible container providing a pressure-transmitting medium which maintains its configurational integrity while being handled both at ambient temperatures and at the elevated compaction temperatures, yet becomes fluidic and capable of plastic flow when pressure is applied to the entire exterior surface thereof to hydrostatically compact the powder. Typically,the powder is hermetically encapsulated within the pressure-transmitting medium which is thereafter heated to a temperature sufficient for compaction and densification of the powder. After being sufficiently heated, the pressure-transmitting medium with the powder therein may be placed between two dies of a press which are rapidly closed to apply pressure to the entire exterior of the pressure-transmitting medium. The pressure-transmitting medium, at least immediately prior to a selected predetermined densification, must be fully dense and imcompressible and capable of flow so that the pressure transmitted to the powder is hydrostatic and, therefore, from all directions, i.e., omnidirectional. After the material is densified to the desired degree, the pressure-transmitting medium defining the container must be removed from the compacted material and in so doing the integrity of the pressure-transmitting medium is lost whereby either the pressure-transmitting medium is no longer usable or must be completely recycled to fabricate a new container.
- In French patent no. 2002433 there is disclosed a device using a pressure-transmitting medium of elastomeric nature.
- The subject invention is for consolidating material of metallic and nonmetallic compositions and combinations thereof to form a densified compact of predetermined density wherein a quantity of such material which is less dense than the predetermined density is heated and disposed in a cavity in a pressure-transmitting medium to which external pressure is applied to the entire exterior of the medium to cause a predetermined densification of the material by hydrostatic pressure applied by the medium in response to the medium being substantially fully dense and incompressible and capable of elastic flow at least just prior to the predetermined densification, the pressure-transmitting medium being an elastomeric medium. The invention is characterised by encapsulating the material in a thermal insulating barrier means disposed within the cavity of the elastomeric medium to establish a thermal barrier between the material to be compacted and the elastomeric medium prior to applying pressure to the medium to limit heat transfer between the material and the elastomeric medium.
- In order to effect compaction hydrostatically through a substantially fully dense and incompressible medium in a press, the press must provide sufficient force to cause plastic flow of the medium. Typically, the material to be compacted is placed within a pressure-transmitting medium which is, in turn, placed in a press where it is subjected to forces rendering it fluid and capable of transmitting forces hydrostatically to the material to be compacted and in so doing the pressure-transmitting medium changes shape. Additionally, the pressure-transmitting medium totally encapsulates the material being compacted and loses its integrity upon being moved from the compacted material. Because the pressure-transmitting medium changes shape during the compaction and has its integrity destroyed by being removed from the compacted material, it either cannot be reused or must undergo significant processing for reuse. An advantage of the subject invention is that the pressure-transmitting medium comprises an elastomeric medium which becomes fully dense and incompressible and capable of elastic flow just prior to the predetermined densification of the compact, yet is sufficiently elastic to return to its initial configuration for continued and repetitive reuse and compaction. This may be accomplished in accordance with the instant invention by utilizing a thermal insulating barrier means between the elastomeric medium and the heated material to be compacted so that the integrity of the elastomeric medium is not degraded by the heat and may be used repetitively.
- Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
- FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of an assembly utilized in accordance with the subject invention disposed in the open position;
- FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIGURE 1 showing the assembly in a closed position;
- FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIGURE 2; and
- FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the exterior surface of a seal utilized in the assembly of the subject invention.
- The subject invention may be utilized for consolidating various metallic powders and non- metallic powders, as well as combinations thereof, to form a densified compact. In accordance with the invention, the degree of density of the powder is increased to a predetermined or desired density which may be full density or densification or less than full density or densification.
- The invention relates to a method for consolidating material of metallic and nonmetallic compositions and combinations thereof to form a densified compact of a predetermined density wherein a quantity of such material which is less dense than the predetermined final density is encapsulated in a pressure-transmitting medium to which external pressure is applied to the entire exterior of the medium to cause a predetermined densification of the encapsulated material by hydrostatic pressure applied by the medium in response to the medium being substantially fully dense and incompressible and capable of elastic flow, i.e., fluidic, at least just prior to the predetermined densification. In other words, the medium transmits pressure hydrostatically like a liquid omnidirectionally about the material for compaction thereof.
- As the invention is illustrated, a quantity of less than fully dense powder 10 fills and is encapsulated within a
container 12. Thecontainer 12 is evacuated as by a vacuum through a tube (not shown) and then is filled with the powder 10 under vacuum through the tube. After filling, the tube is sealed to hermetically seal thecontainer 12 with the powder 10 under a vacuum therein. The container 10 is a thin-walled and preferably of a sheet metal material. Thecontainer 12 may be filled and sealed in accordance with the teachings of United States Patent 4,229,872 granted October 28, 1980 and assigned to the assignee of the subject invention. - The
container 12 is circular in cross section to define a cylinder and has a fill tube (not shown) extending from one end thereof. It will be understood, however, that the configuration of thecontainer 12 will depend upon the desired configuration of the end part or compact. - As illustrated, an assembly for implementing the subject invention includes a
pot die 14 and aram 16 which includeattachment points 18 for attaching alignment keys for aligning the pot die 14 andram 16. The pot die 14 and theram 16 also includebores 20 for receiving attaching bolts or pins to attach the pot die 14 andram 16 to a press which may be one of any of a number of well-known types. Theram 16 andpit die 14 are aligned during the opening and closing of the press between the open position shown in Figure 1 and the closed position shown in FIGURE 2. - A pressure-transmitting medium, comprising first and second elastomeric components 22 and 24, defines a cavity for encapsulating the material to be consolidated. The pot die 14 is made of an incompressible material such as steel and includes a
pot die cavity 26. In a similar fashion, theram 16 is made of an incompressible material such as steel and includes a ram-cavity 28 therein. Theram 16 includes a raised flange orridge 30 surrounding the ram-cavity 28. The pot-die cavity 26 has peripheral surfaces for receiving and sliding engagement with the exterior surfaces of the raisedflange 30 of theram 16. In other words, the interior surfaces of thecavity 26 in thepot die 14 are aligned with the exterior surfaces of theflange 30 of theram 16 so that they are in close sliding engagement with one another as thepot die 14 andram 16 are closed. The first component 22 of the elastomeric medium is retained in the pot-die cavity 26 as by being wedged therein or having small amounts of adhesive securing the elastomeric component to thecavity 26. In a similar fashion, the second elastomeric component 24 is retained in the ram-cavity 28. The first and second elastomeric components 22 and 24 define a cylindrical cavity for surrounding the material 10 for compaction thereof. The elastomeric components 22 and 24 may, in addition to natural rubber, consist of elastomers such as neoprene, polysiloxane elastomers, polyurethane, polysulfide rubber, polybutadiene, buna-S, etc. The elastomeric medium making up the components 22 and 24 is elastic in that it may be compressed and. yet returns to its original configuration. However, after the elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24 is compressed to a certain degree, it becomes substantially incompressible, yet fluidic, i.e., capable of elastic flow, so that at the point of compaction and the desired densification of the powder 10, it hydrostatically applies pressure omnidirectionally about thecontainer 12 to compact the powder 10 therein. Thecontainer 12 is of a material which is thin-walled and reduces in volume to compact the powder 10. - The powder 10 is heated to an elevated temperature for facilitating densification and compaction of the powder 10. In order to protect the elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24, a thermal insulating barrier means establishes a thermal barrier between the powder material 10 and the elastomeric medium 22 and 24 prior to applying pressure to the medium 22 and 24 by the closure of the
pot die 14 andram 16 to limit the heat transfer between the material 10 and the elastomeric medium 22 and 24. The thermal insulating barrier means includes a firstthermal insulating jacket 32 completely surrounding thecontainer 12 for limiting the heat loss from the material 10 and a second thermal insulating jacket 34 surrounding thefirst jacket 32 for protecting the elastomeric components 24 and 22 from heat emanating from thefirst jacket 32. - In accordance with the subject invention, the
jackets 32 and 34 are made of a ceramic material having a very low thermal conductivity. In addition, the material of which thejackets 32 and 34 are made is fluidic or capable of flow at least just prior to the desired compaction of the powder 10 as pressure is applied thereabout hydrostatically through the elastomeric components 22 and 24. By analogy, the material of thejackets 32 and 34 may flow in the manner of quicksand just prior to compaction. In the preferred mode, thecontainer 12 has thefirst jacket 32 cast thereabout in a mold so that thejacket 32 completely encapsulates thecontainer 12 and is a homogeneous material. Thefirst jacket 32 with thecontainer 12 and the material therein is heated to an elevated temperature sufficient for compaction. During this heating, thejacket 32 becomes heated. Thereafter, thejacket 32, with thecontainer 12 and the material 10 therein, is placed within the second jacket 34 within the cavity defined by the elastomeric components 22 and 24. The second jacket 34 is made of two complementary sections which mate together to completely encapsulate and surround thefirst jacket 32. The second jacket 34 is also fluidic or capable of flow just prior to the desired densification of the powder 10. Once the heated material 10 within thecontainer 12 which is, in turn, encapsulated in thefirst jacket 32 is placed within the second jacket 34 as illustrated in FIGURE 1, the press closes to close the pot die 14 and ram 16 whereby theflange 30 of theram 16 enters thecavity 26 of the pot die 14. It is important to note that theflange 30 enters thecavity 26 of the pot die 14 before the elastomeric components 22 and 24 contact one another and are compressed to create hydrostatic pressure as they become incompressible and fluidic for transmitting hydrostatic pressure omnidirectionally against the second jacket 34 which, in turn, transmits the hydrostatic pressure through thejacket 32 and thecontainer 12 to compact and densify the powdered metal 10. To compensate for differences in coefficients of thermal expansion, either or both of thejackets 32 and 34 may be made of a ceramic having reinforcing fibres therein which allow some contraction or expansion of the basic materials making up thejackets 32 or 34. In other words, either one of thejackets 32 and 34 may have fibers dispersed therein for reinforcement. Further, thejackets 32 and 34 may be made of a crumbling material which may be crushed to become incompressible, but yet fluidic enough to transmit the pressure hydrostatically from the elastomeric components 22 and 24 to thecontainer 12 and, thus, to the powdered metal 10. - It is important that the
flange 30 of theram 16 enter thecavity 26 of the pot die 14 prior to the elastomeric components 22 and 24 engaging one another to control the movement of the elastomeric components 22 and 24. Further to this end, aseal 36 of a harder material than the elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24 is disposed within and below the upper extremity of thecavity 26 of the pot die 14 so that after theflange 30 of theram 16 enters the pot die 14 and applies pressure to the elastomeric components 22 and 24, theseal 36 is forced into sealing engagement with the interior surfaces of thecavity 26 in the pot die 14 at the juncture thereof with the exterior surface of theflange 30 of theram 16 to prevent leakage of the elastomeric components 22 and 24 between theram 16 and the pot die 14. Theseal 36 is of a higher durometer than the elastomeric components 22 and 24 and, therefore, is less capable of plastic flow albeit theseal material 36 is capable of plastic flow. - Once the
flange 30 of theram 16 enters thecavity 26 of the pot die 14, the elastomeric components 22 and 24 engage one another and begin to compress to a point at which they become incompressible and convey pressure hydrostatically in an omnidirectional fashion to compact the powdered metal 10. During the initial compression of the elastomeric components 22 and 24, they move or slide relative to the surfaces of the cavities in which they are disposed in the pot die 14 andram 16, respectively. Accordingly, the components 22 and 24, as well as theseal 36, include a plurality oflubrication grooves 38 and 40, respectively, in the exterior surfaces thereof to facilitate movement relative to the adjacent supporting surface of the cavities in which they are disposed. Preferably, a lubricant is disposed within thegrooves 38 and 40 to allow the material to compress and slide relative to the adjacent surfaces. As illustrated in FIGURE 2, upon full compression of the components, the grooves are diminished in size so as to be imperceivable, yet the grooves exist to trap incompressible lubricant therein during full compression. - In accordance with the invention, the powdered metal 10 fills a thin-
walled container 12 which is, in turn, encapsulated within a first thermal insulatingjacket 32 as by having thejacket 32 cast thereabout, after which they are heated to an elevated temperature sufficient for compaction of the powder 10. Thereafter, a lower section of the second jacket 34 may be disposed within a cavity in the elastomeric component 22 of the pot die 14 and thefirst jacket 32 with the powder therein disposed within the lower section 34 of the outer jacket. The upper half or section of the second jacket 34 is then disposed over the heated inner orfirst jacket 32 and the ram and pot die are moved together to the position shown in FIGURE 2 to densify and compact the powder into a densified compact 10'. The elastomeric medium defining the components 22 and 24 may initially be compressible, but upon reaching a certain point of applied pressure becomes incompressible so as to hydrostatically transmit pressure in an omnidirectional fashion entirely about thejackets 32 and 34 to the powder 10 to compact and densify the powder into the compact 10' of the desired densification. The pot die 14 and ram 16 may be opened to allow the elastomeric components 22 and 24 to return to their precompressed shape and to remove the comapct 10' so that thereafter the container 10 and thejackets 32 and 34 may be removed to expose the compact 10'. Normally, thejackets 32 and 34 will be disposable and new jackets would be utilized on successive opening and closing of the pot die 14 and ram 16 for successively forming compacts 10'. - It will be appreciated that in many circumstances only one thermal insulating jacket may be utilized between the heated powdered material 10 and the elastomeric components 22 and 24. Additionally, the thicknesses of the thermal insulating barrier means may vary depending on the sizes, configurations, masses, etc. of the powder 10 to be compacted and densified.
- The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
- Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims wherein reference numerals are merely for convenience and are not to be in any way limiting, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83305446T ATE31886T1 (en) | 1982-09-20 | 1983-09-16 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HEAT PRESSING MATERIAL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41943582A | 1982-09-20 | 1982-09-20 | |
US419435 | 1982-09-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0105653A1 EP0105653A1 (en) | 1984-04-18 |
EP0105653B1 true EP0105653B1 (en) | 1988-01-13 |
Family
ID=23662261
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83305446A Expired EP0105653B1 (en) | 1982-09-20 | 1983-09-16 | Method and assembly for hot consolidating materials |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0105653B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5980701A (en) |
AR (1) | AR231811A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE31886T1 (en) |
AU (3) | AU545852B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8305054A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1222152A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3375286D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK160680C (en) |
MX (1) | MX156866A (en) |
NO (1) | NO164080C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63183104A (en) * | 1987-01-22 | 1988-07-28 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Method for superplastic warm die pack forging of high-strength hard-to-work material |
JPH0528734Y2 (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1993-07-23 | ||
JPH02140603U (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-11-26 | ||
DE602004022171D1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2009-09-03 | Phibrowood Llc | PARTICULATE WOOD PROTECTION AGENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF |
US20050252408A1 (en) | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-17 | Richardson H W | Particulate wood preservative and method for producing same |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1338493A (en) * | 1962-08-13 | 1963-09-27 | Desmarquest & Cie L | Method and apparatus for sintering powders |
GB1087400A (en) * | 1964-01-03 | 1967-10-18 | Super Temp Corp | Method and apparatus for consolidation of powdered materials and articles of manufacture produced therefrom |
US3496425A (en) * | 1968-02-23 | 1970-02-17 | Trw Inc | Art of forming powder compacts of uniform interconnected porosity |
SE417580B (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1981-03-30 | Asea Ab | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING THE SUBSTANCES OF POWDER THROUGH HUGE VERSATILITY PRESSURE |
US4414028A (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1983-11-08 | Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated | Method of and apparatus for sintering a mass of particles with a powdery mold |
SE426790B (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1983-02-14 | Asea Ab | PROCEDURE FOR ISOSTATIC PRESSURE OF POWDER IN A Capsule |
-
1983
- 1983-08-31 CA CA000435812A patent/CA1222152A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-02 NO NO833160A patent/NO164080C/en unknown
- 1983-09-02 DK DK400583A patent/DK160680C/en active
- 1983-09-09 AU AU18969/83A patent/AU545852B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-09-14 MX MX198710A patent/MX156866A/en unknown
- 1983-09-16 BR BR8305054A patent/BR8305054A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-16 AT AT83305446T patent/ATE31886T1/en active
- 1983-09-16 DE DE8383305446T patent/DE3375286D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-16 EP EP83305446A patent/EP0105653B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-20 JP JP58174041A patent/JPS5980701A/en active Granted
- 1983-09-20 AR AR294263A patent/AR231811A1/en active
-
1985
- 1985-03-13 AU AU39826/85A patent/AU561136B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-03-13 AU AU39825/85A patent/AU561135B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR8305054A (en) | 1984-05-08 |
DE3375286D1 (en) | 1988-02-18 |
AU3982685A (en) | 1985-09-12 |
NO164080B (en) | 1990-05-21 |
CA1222152A (en) | 1987-05-26 |
NO164080C (en) | 1990-08-29 |
AU3982585A (en) | 1985-09-12 |
JPS5980701A (en) | 1984-05-10 |
JPS6239201B2 (en) | 1987-08-21 |
AU561136B2 (en) | 1987-04-30 |
EP0105653A1 (en) | 1984-04-18 |
AU1896983A (en) | 1984-04-19 |
DK160680C (en) | 1991-09-23 |
AR231811A1 (en) | 1985-03-29 |
AU561135B2 (en) | 1987-04-30 |
MX156866A (en) | 1988-10-06 |
ATE31886T1 (en) | 1988-01-15 |
NO833160L (en) | 1984-03-21 |
DK400583A (en) | 1984-03-21 |
AU545852B2 (en) | 1985-08-01 |
DK160680B (en) | 1991-04-08 |
DK400583D0 (en) | 1983-09-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4596694A (en) | Method for hot consolidating materials | |
US4597730A (en) | Assembly for hot consolidating materials | |
EP0092992B1 (en) | Pressure transmitting medium and method for utilizing same to densify material | |
US4547337A (en) | Pressure-transmitting medium and method for utilizing same to densify material | |
KR900002123B1 (en) | Self-sealing fluid die | |
US4526748A (en) | Hot consolidation of powder metal-floating shaping inserts | |
EP0105653B1 (en) | Method and assembly for hot consolidating materials | |
EP0145108B1 (en) | A method for producing a clad alloy article and an assembly for use therein | |
EP0278180B1 (en) | Plastic foam containers for the densification of powder material | |
US5066454A (en) | Isostatic processing with shrouded melt-away mandrel | |
US4478788A (en) | Method of sealing a container | |
CA1090623A (en) | Container for hot consolidating powder | |
US4255103A (en) | Hot consolidation of powder metal-floating shaping inserts | |
EP0094164A1 (en) | Method of consolidating material with a cast pressure transmitter | |
US4500009A (en) | Sealed container | |
US5234335A (en) | Hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically driven power unit | |
McEntire | Dry pressing | |
US5470083A (en) | Seal assembly with a hard seal layer actuated through a silicone layer | |
US7250131B2 (en) | Method and a system for hot hydrostatic pressing | |
JPS61266204A (en) | Hydrostatic pressure molding die and powder molding method using said die | |
JP2866620B2 (en) | Heating press chamber | |
RU2044603C1 (en) | Die for hydrostatic pressing of products from powder | |
SU1349863A2 (en) | Arrangement for hydraulic extrusion of material in the mode of hydrodynamic lubrication | |
JPH03223406A (en) | Manufacture of bimetallic cylinder for plastic molding machine | |
JPH0390299A (en) | Rubber mold hydrostatic press machine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19841010 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19860121 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ROC-TEC, INC. |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 31886 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19880115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3375286 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19880218 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: ING. A. GIAMBROCONO & C. S.R.L. |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19920605 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19920610 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19920629 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19920710 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 19920716 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19920930 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
EPTA | Lu: last paid annual fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19930916 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19930916 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19930917 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19930930 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19930930 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19930930 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: THE DOW CHEMICAL CY Effective date: 19930930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19940401 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 83305446.3 Effective date: 19940410 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19980521 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19980522 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19980701 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19990916 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19990916 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000701 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |