EP0104384A1 - Contact arrangement for a vacuum interrupter - Google Patents

Contact arrangement for a vacuum interrupter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0104384A1
EP0104384A1 EP83107901A EP83107901A EP0104384A1 EP 0104384 A1 EP0104384 A1 EP 0104384A1 EP 83107901 A EP83107901 A EP 83107901A EP 83107901 A EP83107901 A EP 83107901A EP 0104384 A1 EP0104384 A1 EP 0104384A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
contact
contacts
arrangement according
support body
contact arrangement
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EP83107901A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0104384B1 (en
Inventor
Bernt Dr. Paul
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with coaxially opposite hollow contacts, the contact carriers contain slots inclined in the same direction and are each provided with a contact disk and each contain a central support body.
  • the maximum breaking capacity of vacuum switches is given by the maximum values of the current during the arc phase and again.
  • a contraction of the arc which leads to an increase in the arc voltage and the power conversion associated with this voltage, can be prevented by a coaxial magnetic field in the area of the arc between the opened contacts.
  • a coil enclosing the switching chamber in a cylindrical manner can be provided in these so-called axial field contacts. It is electrically in series with the switch contacts and builds up an axial magnetic field that is dependent on the current and penetrates the gap between the coaxial contacts in the axial direction.
  • the coil can also be constructed in two layers and the turns can be made to go back and forth helically. The production of such vacuum cups, however, requires a relatively great effort (DE-OS 29 11 706).
  • a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with radial field contacts is also known, in which an arc is drawn between the ring-shaped contact support surfaces after the contacts have been opened and is intended to rotate between the contacts by azimuthal magnetic forces.
  • the contact carriers of the pot contacts arranged coaxially to one another are provided with slots running in opposite directions.
  • a magnetic field is obtained between the opened contacts, which is essentially perpendicular to the axis of the contacts and thus perpendicular to the arc.
  • the strength of the magnetic field and thus the speed of movement of the arc can be increased by the fact that a core made of ferromagnetic material is arranged within the hollow cylindrical contact carrier (DE-AS 11 96 751).
  • Hollow contacts have also been proposed, in which the same-directional slitting of the contact carriers generates an axial field after the contacts have opened and which are provided with a cover and in which the current supply forms a support body. The end of the support body is separated from the cover by an air gap when the contacts are open.
  • This design is based on the task of generating a diffuse arc by concentrating the axial magnetic field between the opened contacts. This requires that an air gap is created by resilient material after opening the contacts (DE-OS 31 33 799).
  • the invention is also based on the object of specifying a contact arrangement with axial field contacts which has such a position between the open contacts Generate flux density that a contraction of the arc and thus a thermal overload, in particular of the respective anode, is avoided and the switching capacity is increased accordingly.
  • the contacts should be low-resistance, low-induction and insensitive to high contact pressure when the vacuum switch is closed.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • This gives contacts whose resistance ap does not significantly exceed p.
  • the annular cavity formed between the contact carrier and support body is covered on the side facing the other contact, so that a hollow cathode discharge cannot occur during the arc phase.
  • This contact arrangement can be produced in a simple manner and can be used in conventional vacuum interrupters without additional design changes.
  • the contacts consist essentially of three parts, firstly the contact carrier made of electrically highly conductive material, preferably copper, which is placed on the contact base and which is provided with slots which are preferably inclined to the axis of the contacts and thus form the coil part for the axial magnetic field, secondly the substantially columnar support body made of poorly electrically conductive material, for example a chrome-nickel steel, the. at least at its end facing the other contact is preferably expanded to approximately the inside diameter of the contact carrier and thus, in this embodiment, closes off the cavity on the end face of the contact, thirdly with its edge region on the contact carrier and with its central region on the support body resting contact disc, which can preferably be permanently connected, in particular soldered, to the end face of the contact carrier.
  • the contact carrier made of electrically highly conductive material, preferably copper, which is placed on the contact base and which is provided with slots which are preferably inclined to the axis of the contacts and thus form the coil part for the axial magnetic field
  • the mechanical pressure in the closed state of the switch is transmitted from the contact pin serving for the current supply via the contact base and the support body and the contact disk to the opposite contact in a straight path, while the current essentially through both in the closed state of the switch and during the arc phase the contact carrier flows. It creates an axial magnetic field of the order of about 5 / uT / A in the space between the electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 a contact arrangement according to the invention is shown in a partially sectioned side view.
  • Figure 2 shows a special embodiment of the contact disk.
  • two contacts 2 and 4 with mutually facing end faces are arranged coaxially to one another.
  • These contacts each consist of a hollow cylindrical contact carrier -6 or 8, which is connected via a contact base 10 or 12 to a power supply 14 or 16 designed as a bolt.
  • the end faces of the contact carriers 6 and 8 and a respective support body 18 and 22 are each provided with a contact disk 26 and 28, which are each provided with a bevel 27 and 29 at their edges, so that a central part of the contact disks 26 is provided and 28 forms the contact bearing surface of contacts 2 and 4.
  • the support bodies 18 and 22 can each be provided on their end face facing the contact disk 26 or 28 with an extension 19 or 23 serving to center the contact disk 26 or 28.
  • the end faces of the support bodies 18 and 22, which face the contact base 10 and 12 are each provided with an extension 20 and 24, respectively.
  • These extensions 20 and 24 can preferably be significantly larger than the extensions 19 and 23 so that they have a favorable effect on the current transfer from the power supply 14 or .... 16 via the contact base 10 or 12 to the associated contact carrier 6 or 8 exercise.
  • the supporting bodies 18 and 22 are each designed as a rotating body, the ends of which are expediently expanded in such a way in a special embodiment of the contact arrangement.
  • the cross section of the support body 18 and 22 each form approximately the profile of a double T-beam.
  • the ends can expediently be expanded to such an extent that the diameter of the end faces of the support bodies 18 and 22 is approximately equal to the inner diameter d i of the contact carriers 6 and 8.
  • the contact carriers 6 and 8 are each provided with slots 7 and 9 which are inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the contact arrangement shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 1 and which run in the same direction in the two contacts 2 and 4 so that those formed between the individual slots 7 and 9 are formed Repeat the bars in the opposite contact in the same direction.
  • the slots 7 and 9 can preferably form a helix.
  • Such slots can be produced in a simple manner with a cylindrical milling cutter, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the slot and which is at least as long as the wall Strength of the contact carrier 6 and 8 and which is guided radially to the axis of rotation of the contacts 2 and 8 with a predetermined pitch angle helically.
  • the angle of inclination of the helix of the slots 7 and 9 may preferably be in the range of about 60-76 0, in particular about to be chosen 70 °.
  • the contact disks can each be provided with radially extending slots 32 which prevent eddy currents.
  • the specific axial magnetic flux density B / I is plotted as a function of the contact distance a K . It can be seen that up to a maximum contact distance of 20 mm used in practice, the specific axial magnetic flux density in the range the axis of rotation reaches at least 4 / uT / A.
  • the magnetic field generated by the contact carriers 6 and 8 when the contacts 2 and 4 are open between the contacts is essentially homogeneous over the entire contact distance a K.
  • This special contact distance is indicated in the diagram in FIG. 3 by an arrow marked with an H.
  • the specific axial field remains approximately constant up to a diameter of approximately (d a + d i ) / 4 and then drops outwards. It is therefore preferably effective in the central area between the opened contacts 2 and 4, in which the arc is ignited when disconnected under load current.
  • the annular cavity between the support body 18 or 22 and the contact carrier 6 or 8 is shielded by the contact disk 26 or 28 or by the expanded end faces of the support body 18 or 22 against the electrical field between the contacts, so that a hollow cathode discharge can't burn in this room.
  • the support body 18 and 22 also relieve the slotted contact carrier 6 and 8, so that the slots 7 and 9 can not be squeezed together. Since the entire end face of the covers 26 and 28 is available for the arc, the thermal load on the contacts 2 and 4 is correspondingly low. Furthermore, the mean solid angle at which the plasma of the arc can diffuse out of the gap between the opened electrodes 2 and 4 is relatively small. The shield current is thus further reduced and the voltage-lowering effect of the magnetic field is supported accordingly.
  • the slots 32 divide the contact disks 26 and 28 into disk segments, each of which covers one of the end faces of the webs, which are formed by the slots 7 and 9 in the contact carriers 6 and 8, respectively.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Koaxial zueinander angeordnete Kontakte (2, 4), deren Kontaktträger (6, 8) mit gleichsinnig verlaufenden Schlitzen (7, 9) versehen und mit einer Kontaktscheibe (26, 28) abgedeckt sind, enthalten einen Stützkörper (18, 22). Erfindungsgemäß bestehen die Stützkörper (18, 22) aus elektrisch schlechtleitendem Material und sind mit der Kontaktscheibe (26 bzw. 28) formschlüssig verbunden. Damit erhält man niederohmige und induktionsarme Axialfeldkontakte mit hoher Schaltleistung, die umempfindlich sind gegen einen hohen Kontaktdruck im geschlossenen Zustand des Vakuumschalters.Contacts (2, 4) arranged coaxially to one another, whose contact carriers (6, 8) are provided with slots (7, 9) which run in the same direction and are covered with a contact disk (26, 28) and contain a support body (18, 22). According to the invention, the support bodies (18, 22) consist of electrically poorly conductive material and are positively connected to the contact disk (26 or 28). This gives low-resistance and low-induction axial field contacts with high switching capacity, which are sensitive to high contact pressure when the vacuum switch is closed.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Kontaktanordnung für Vakuumschalter mit koaxial einander gegenüber angeordneten Hohlkontakten, deren Kontaktträger gleichsinnig geneigte Schlitze enthalten und jeweils mit einer Kontaktscheibe versehen sind und jeweils einen zentralen Stützkörper enthalten.The invention relates to a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with coaxially opposite hollow contacts, the contact carriers contain slots inclined in the same direction and are each provided with a contact disk and each contain a central support body.

Die maximale Abschaltleistung von Vakuumschaltern ist bekanntlich gegeben durch die maximalen Werte des Stromes während der Lichtbogenphase und der wieder-. kehrenden Spannung nach dem Abreißen des Lichtbogens und kann durch ein zur Richtung des Lichtbogenstromes paralleles Magnetfeld günstig beeinflußt werden. Eine Kontraktion des Lichtbogens, die zum Ansteigen der Lichtbogenspannung und des mit dieser Spannung verbundenen Leistungsumsatzes führt, kann durch ein koaxiales Magnetfeld im Bereich des Lichtbogens zwischen den geöffneten Kontakten verhindert werden. Zu diesem Zweck kann-bei diesen sogenannten Axialfeldkontakten eine die Schaltkammer zylindrisch umschließende Spule vorgesehen sein. Sie liegt mit den Schaltkontakten elektrisch in Reihe und baut ein vom Strom abhängiges axiales Magnetfeld auf, das den Spalt zwischen den koaxialen Kontakten in Achsrichtung durchsetzt. Zur Erhöhung der Feldstärke im Kontaktspalt kann die Spule auch doppellagig aufgebaut und die Windungen können schraubenförmig hin- und rückläufig ausgeführt sein. Die Herstellung solcher Vakuumschaler erfordert aber einen Verhältnismäßig großen Aufwand (DE-OS 29 11 706).As is known, the maximum breaking capacity of vacuum switches is given by the maximum values of the current during the arc phase and again. voltage after the arc has been torn off and can be favorably influenced by a magnetic field parallel to the direction of the arc current. A contraction of the arc, which leads to an increase in the arc voltage and the power conversion associated with this voltage, can be prevented by a coaxial magnetic field in the area of the arc between the opened contacts. For this purpose, a coil enclosing the switching chamber in a cylindrical manner can be provided in these so-called axial field contacts. It is electrically in series with the switch contacts and builds up an axial magnetic field that is dependent on the current and penetrates the gap between the coaxial contacts in the axial direction. In order to increase the field strength in the contact gap, the coil can also be constructed in two layers and the turns can be made to go back and forth helically. The production of such vacuum cups, however, requires a relatively great effort (DE-OS 29 11 706).

Es ist ferner eine Kontaktanordnung für Vakuumschalter mit Radialfeldkontakten bekannt, bei der nach dem Öffnen der Kontakte zwischen den ringförmigen Kontaktauflageflächen ein Lichtbogen gezogen wird, der durch - azimutale magnetische Kräfte zwischen den Kontakten rotieren soll. Zu diesem Zweck sind die Kontaktträger der koaxial zueinander angeordneten Topfkontakte mit gegensinnig verlaufenden Schlitzen versehen. Mit dieser Kontaktform erhält man zwischen den geöffneten Kontakten ein Magnetfeld, das im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Achse der Kontakte und damit senkrecht zum Lichtbogen gerichtet ist. Mit einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Kontaktanordnung kann die Stärke des Magnetfeldes und damit die Bewegungsgeschwindigkei des Lichtbogens noch dadurch erhöht werden, daß innerhalb der hohlzylindrischen Kontaktträger jeweils ein Kern aus ferromagnetischem Material angeordnet is (DE-AS 11 96 751).A contact arrangement for vacuum switches with radial field contacts is also known, in which an arc is drawn between the ring-shaped contact support surfaces after the contacts have been opened and is intended to rotate between the contacts by azimuthal magnetic forces. For this purpose, the contact carriers of the pot contacts arranged coaxially to one another are provided with slots running in opposite directions. With this contact form, a magnetic field is obtained between the opened contacts, which is essentially perpendicular to the axis of the contacts and thus perpendicular to the arc. With a special embodiment of the contact arrangement, the strength of the magnetic field and thus the speed of movement of the arc can be increased by the fact that a core made of ferromagnetic material is arranged within the hollow cylindrical contact carrier (DE-AS 11 96 751).

Es sind auch schon Hohlkontakte vorgeschlagen worden, bei denen die gleichsinnige Schlitzung der Kontaktträger nach dem Öffnen der Kontakte ein Axialfeld erzeugt und die mit einem Deckel versehen sind und bei denen die Stromzuführung einen Stützkörper bildet. Das Ende des Stützkörpers ist im geöffneten Zustand der Kontakte vom Deckel durch einen Luftspalt getrennt. Dieser Gestaltung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, durch die Konzentration des axialen Magnetfeldes zwischen den geöffneten Kontakten einen diffusen Lichtbogen zu erzeugen. Dazu ist erforderlich, daß durch federndes Material nach dem Öffnen der Kontakte ein Luftspalt entsteht (DE-OS 31 33 799).Hollow contacts have also been proposed, in which the same-directional slitting of the contact carriers generates an axial field after the contacts have opened and which are provided with a cover and in which the current supply forms a support body. The end of the support body is separated from the cover by an air gap when the contacts are open. This design is based on the task of generating a diffuse arc by concentrating the axial magnetic field between the opened contacts. This requires that an air gap is created by resilient material after opening the contacts (DE-OS 31 33 799).

Der Erfindung liegt ebenfalls die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kontaktanordnung mit Axialfeldkontakten anzugeben, die zwischen den geöffneten Kontakten eine derartige Flußdichte erzeugen, daß eine Kontraktion des Lichtbogens und damit eine thermische Überlastung, insbesondere der jeweiligen Anode, vermieden und die Schaltleistung entsprechend erhöht wird. Zugleich sollen die Kontakte niederohmig, induktionsarm und unempfindlich gegen einen hohen Kontaktdruck im geschlossenen Zustand des Vakuumchalters sein.The invention is also based on the object of specifying a contact arrangement with axial field contacts which has such a position between the open contacts Generate flux density that a contraction of the arc and thus a thermal overload, in particular of the respective anode, is avoided and the switching capacity is increased accordingly. At the same time, the contacts should be low-resistance, low-induction and insensitive to high contact pressure when the vacuum switch is closed.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit den kennzeichnenden Gestaltungsmerkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Damit erhält man Kontakte, deren Widerstand ein p nicht wesentlich überschreitet. Der zwischen Kontaktträger und Stützkörper entstehende ringförmige Hohlraum ist auf der dem jeweils anderen Kontakt zugekehrten Seite abgedeckt, so daß eine Hohlkathodenentladung während der Lichtbogenphase nicht auftreten kann. Diese Kontaktanordnung kann in einfacher Weise hergestellt und ohne zusätzliche konstruktive Änderungen in übliche Vakuumschaltröhren eingesetzt werden.This object is achieved according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1. This gives contacts whose resistance ap does not significantly exceed p. The annular cavity formed between the contact carrier and support body is covered on the side facing the other contact, so that a hollow cathode discharge cannot occur during the arc phase. This contact arrangement can be produced in a simple manner and can be used in conventional vacuum interrupters without additional design changes.

Die Kontakte bestehen im wesentlichen aus drei Teilen, erstens dem auf den Kontaktboden aufgesetzten Kontaktträger aus elektrisch gut leitendem Material, vorzugsweise Kupfer, der mit zur Achse der Kontakte geneigten, vorzugsweise schraubenförmig verlaufenden Schlitzen versehen ist und damit den Spulenteil für das axiale Magnetfeld darstellt, zweitens dem im wesentlichen säulenförmigen Stützkörper aus elektrisch schlecht leitendem Material, beispielsweise einem Chrom-Nickel-Stahl, der . wenigstens an seinem dem anderen Kontakt zugewandten Ende vorzugsweise bis auf etwa den Innendurchmesser des Kontaktträgers erweitert ist und somit in.dieser Ausführungsform den Hohlraum an der Stirnfläche des Kontakts abschließt, drittens der mit ihrem Randbereich auf dem Kontaktträger und mit ihrem zentralen Bereich auf dem Stützkörper aufliegenden Kontaktscheibe, die vorzugsweise mit der Stirnfläche des Kontaktträgers unlösbar verbunden, insbesondere verlötet, sein kann.The contacts consist essentially of three parts, firstly the contact carrier made of electrically highly conductive material, preferably copper, which is placed on the contact base and which is provided with slots which are preferably inclined to the axis of the contacts and thus form the coil part for the axial magnetic field, secondly the substantially columnar support body made of poorly electrically conductive material, for example a chrome-nickel steel, the. at least at its end facing the other contact is preferably expanded to approximately the inside diameter of the contact carrier and thus, in this embodiment, closes off the cavity on the end face of the contact, thirdly with its edge region on the contact carrier and with its central region on the support body resting contact disc, which can preferably be permanently connected, in particular soldered, to the end face of the contact carrier.

Der mechanische Druck im geschlossenen Zustand des Schalters wird von dem der Stromzuführung dienenden Kontaktbolzen über den Kontaktboden und den Stützkörper sowie die Kontaktscheibe auf geradem Weg an den gegenüberliegenden Kontakt übertragen, während der Strom sowohl im geschlossenen Zustand des Schalters als auch während der Lichtbogenphase im wesentlichen durch den Kontaktträger fließt. Er erzeugt im Raum zwischen den Elektroden ein axiales Magnetfeld in der Größenordnung von etwa 5 /uT/A.The mechanical pressure in the closed state of the switch is transmitted from the contact pin serving for the current supply via the contact base and the support body and the contact disk to the opposite contact in a straight path, while the current essentially through both in the closed state of the switch and during the arc phase the contact carrier flows. It creates an axial magnetic field of the order of about 5 / uT / A in the space between the electrodes.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird. auf die Zeichnung Bezug genommen, in deren Figur 1 eine Kontaktanordnung nach der Erfindung in einer zum Teil geschnittenen Seitenansicht dargestellt ist. Figur 2 zeigt eine besondere Ausführungsform der Kontaktscheibe.To further explain the invention. referred to the drawing, in Figure 1, a contact arrangement according to the invention is shown in a partially sectioned side view. Figure 2 shows a special embodiment of the contact disk.

In der Kontaktanordnung nach Figur 1 sind zwei Kontakte 2 und 4 mit einander zugewandten Stirnflächen koaxial zueinander angeordnet. Diese Kontakte bestehen jeweils aus einem hohlzylindrischen Kontaktträger -6 bzw. 8, der über einen Kontaktboden 10 bzw. 12 mit-einer als Bolzen gestalteten Stromzuführung 14 bzw. 16 verbunden ist. Die Stirnflächen der Kontaktträger 6 und 8 sowie jeweils eines Stützkörpers 18 bzw. 22 sind jeweils mit einer Kontaktscheibe 26 bzw. 28 versehen, die an ihren Rändern jeweils mit einer Abschrägung 27 bzw. 29 versehen sind, so daß jeweils ein zentraler Teil der Kontaktscheiben 26 und 28 die Kontaktauflagefläche der Kontakte 2 und 4 bildet.In the contact arrangement according to FIG. 1, two contacts 2 and 4 with mutually facing end faces are arranged coaxially to one another. These contacts each consist of a hollow cylindrical contact carrier -6 or 8, which is connected via a contact base 10 or 12 to a power supply 14 or 16 designed as a bolt. The end faces of the contact carriers 6 and 8 and a respective support body 18 and 22 are each provided with a contact disk 26 and 28, which are each provided with a bevel 27 and 29 at their edges, so that a central part of the contact disks 26 is provided and 28 forms the contact bearing surface of contacts 2 and 4.

Die Stützkörper 18 und 22 können an ihrer der Kontaktscheibe 26 bzw. 28 zugewandten Stirnfläche jeweils mit einem zur Zentrierung der Kontaktscheibe 26 bzw. 28 dienenden Fortsatz 19 bzw. 23 versehen sein. In einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Kontaktanordnung sind auch die jeweils dem Kontaktboden 10 und 12 zugewandten Stirnflächen der Stützkörper 18 bzw. 22 jeweils mit einem Fortsatz 20 bzw. 24 versehen. Diese Fortsätze 20 und 24 können vorzugsweise wesentlich größer sein als die Fortsätze 19 und 23, damit sie eine günstige Wirkung auf den Stromübergang von der Stromzuführung 14 bzw....16 über den Kontaktboden 10 bzw. 12 auf den zugeordneten Kontaktträger 6 bzw. 8 ausüben. Die Stützkörper 18 und 22 sind jeweils als Rotationskörper gestaltet, deren Enden in einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Kontaktanordnung zweckmäßig derart erweitert. werden können, daß der Querschnitt der Stützkörper 18 und 22 jeweils etwa das Profil eines Doppel-T-Trägers bildet. Die Enden können dabei zweckmäßig soweit erweitert sein, daß der Durchmesser der Stirnflächen der Stützkörper 18 und 22 etwa gleich dem inneren Durchmesser di der Kontaktträger 6 und 8 ist.The support bodies 18 and 22 can each be provided on their end face facing the contact disk 26 or 28 with an extension 19 or 23 serving to center the contact disk 26 or 28. In a special embodiment of the contact arrangement, the end faces of the support bodies 18 and 22, which face the contact base 10 and 12, are each provided with an extension 20 and 24, respectively. These extensions 20 and 24 can preferably be significantly larger than the extensions 19 and 23 so that they have a favorable effect on the current transfer from the power supply 14 or .... 16 via the contact base 10 or 12 to the associated contact carrier 6 or 8 exercise. The supporting bodies 18 and 22 are each designed as a rotating body, the ends of which are expediently expanded in such a way in a special embodiment of the contact arrangement. can be that the cross section of the support body 18 and 22 each form approximately the profile of a double T-beam. The ends can expediently be expanded to such an extent that the diameter of the end faces of the support bodies 18 and 22 is approximately equal to the inner diameter d i of the contact carriers 6 and 8.

Die Kontaktträger 6 und 8 sind jeweils mit gegenüber der in der Figur 1 strichpunktiert gezeichneten Rotationsachse der Kontaktanordnung geneigten Schlitzen 7 bzw. 9 versehen, die in den beiden Kontakten 2 und 4 gleichsinnig verlaufen, so daß sich die zwischen den einzelnen Schlitzen 7 und 9 gebildeten Stege jeweils in dem gegenüberstehenden Kontakt in gleichem Drehsinn wiederholen. Die Schlitze 7 und 9 können vorzugsweise eine Schraubenlinie bilden. Solche Schlitze können in einfacher Weise mit einem zylindrischen Fräser hergestellt werden, dessen Durchmesser gleich der Schlitzi breite ist und der wenigstens so lang wie die Wandstärke der Kontaktträger 6 und 8 ist und der radial zur Rotationsachse der Kontakte 2 und 8 mit einem vorbestimmten Steigungswinkel schraubenförmig geführt wird. Durch diese Schneidetechnik lassen sich wesentlich größere Neigungswinkel als mit ebenen Sägeschnitten herstellen, was zu einer größeren effektiven Windungszahl der hierdurch erzeugten Quasi-Spulenanordnung und damit zu einer höheren magnetischen Flußdichte zwischen den geöffneten Kontakten 2 und 4 während der Lichtbogenphase führt. Der Neigungswinkel der Schraubenlinie der Schlitze 7 und 9 kann vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 60 bis 760, insbesondere etwa 70°, gewählt werden.The contact carriers 6 and 8 are each provided with slots 7 and 9 which are inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the contact arrangement shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 1 and which run in the same direction in the two contacts 2 and 4 so that those formed between the individual slots 7 and 9 are formed Repeat the bars in the opposite contact in the same direction. The slots 7 and 9 can preferably form a helix. Such slots can be produced in a simple manner with a cylindrical milling cutter, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the slot and which is at least as long as the wall Strength of the contact carrier 6 and 8 and which is guided radially to the axis of rotation of the contacts 2 and 8 with a predetermined pitch angle helically. By means of this cutting technique, significantly larger angles of inclination can be produced than with flat saw cuts, which leads to a larger effective number of turns of the quasi-coil arrangement produced thereby and thus to a higher magnetic flux density between the opened contacts 2 and 4 during the arc phase. The angle of inclination of the helix of the slots 7 and 9 may preferably be in the range of about 60-76 0, in particular about to be chosen 70 °.

Wie in der Draufsicht'nach Figur 2 veranschaulicht, können die Kontaktscheiben jeweils mit radial verlaufenden Schlitzen 32 versehen sein, die Wirbelströme verhindern.As illustrated in the plan view according to FIG. 2, the contact disks can each be provided with radially extending slots 32 which prevent eddy currents.

Für einen Außendurchmesser da = 75.mm der Kontakte 2 und 4 und mit Kontaktträgern 6 und 8 aus OFHC-Kupfer (oxigen-free high-purity copper) mit einem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von 1,76 - 10-6 Ωcm und Stützkörpern 18 und 22 aus Chrom-Nickel-Stahl mit einem spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand von 7,3.· 10-5 Ωcm erhält man mit einer Kontaktscheibendicke hD von beispielsweise 4,4 mm bei einem Kontaktabstand aK von 10 mm nach dem Diagramm der Figur 3 eine spezifische axiale magnetische Flußdichte im Bereich der Rotationsachse von B/I - 4,9 /uT/A. Nach diesem Diagramm, in dem die spezifische axiale magnetische Flußdichte B/I in Abhängigkeit vom Kontaktabstand aK aufgetragen ist, wird ersichtlich, daß bis zu einem in der Praxis maximal angewandten Kontaktabstand von 20 mm die spezifische axiale magnetische Flußdichte im Bereich der Rotationsachse mindestens 4 /uT/A erreicht. Das von den Kontaktträgern 6 und 8 bei geöffneten Kontakten 2 und 4 zwischen den Kontakten erzeugte Magnetfeld ist im wesentlichen homogen über den gesamten Kontaktabstand aK. Dies ist dadurch begründet, daß bei den angegebenen Abmessungen die geschlitzten Kontaktträger wie ein dickes Spulenpaar mit rechteckigem Wicklungsquerschnitt wirken, das so bemessen ist, daß bei einem Kontaktabstand aK = 9,8 mm, der einem Spulenabstand aK + 2 hD = 17,8 mm entspricht, die Helmholtz-Bedingung für optimale Feldhomogenität , nämlich das Verschwinden der zweiten Ableitung d2H/dz2 der axialen Feldstärke in der Achsenmitte z = 0 des Spulenpaares, erfüllt ist. Im Diagramm der Figur 3 ist dieser spezielle Kontaktabstand durch einen mit H gekennzeichneten Pfeil angedeutet. Die ausgezogene Linie kennzeichnet die Flußdichte in Achsenmitte bei z = 0, d.h. in der Mitte zwischen beiden Kontakten 2 und 4. Bei größerem Kontaktabstand aK ergibt sich eine geringe Abweichung des Feldes an den Kontaktoberflächen bei z = aK/2 gegenüber dem Feld bei z = 0, wie es im Diagramm gestrichelt angedeutet ist.For an outer diameter d a = 75.mm of contacts 2 and 4 and with contact carriers 6 and 8 made of OFHC copper (oxigen-free high-purity copper) with a specific electrical resistance of 1.76 - 10 -6 Ωcm and supporting bodies 18 and 22 made of chrome-nickel steel with a specific electrical resistance of 7.3 · 10 -5 Ωcm is obtained with a contact disk thickness h D of, for example, 4.4 mm with a contact distance a K of 10 mm according to the diagram in FIG. 3 a specific axial magnetic flux density in the area of the axis of rotation of B / I - 4.9 / uT / A. According to this diagram, in which the specific axial magnetic flux density B / I is plotted as a function of the contact distance a K , it can be seen that up to a maximum contact distance of 20 mm used in practice, the specific axial magnetic flux density in the range the axis of rotation reaches at least 4 / uT / A. The magnetic field generated by the contact carriers 6 and 8 when the contacts 2 and 4 are open between the contacts is essentially homogeneous over the entire contact distance a K. This is due to the fact that the slotted contact carrier as a thick pair of coils act at the given dimensions having a rectangular winding cross-section that is sized to mm at a contact distance a K = 9.8 which corresponds to a coil spacing a K + 2 h D = 17 .8 mm, the Helmholtz condition for optimal field homogeneity, namely the disappearance of the second derivative d 2 H / dz 2 of the axial field strength in the center axis z = 0 of the coil pair, is fulfilled. This special contact distance is indicated in the diagram in FIG. 3 by an arrow marked with an H. The solid line indicates the flux density in the center of the axis at z = 0, ie in the middle between the two contacts 2 and 4. With a larger contact distance a K there is a slight deviation of the field on the contact surfaces at z = a K / 2 compared to the field at z = 0, as indicated by dashed lines in the diagram.

In radialer Richtung bleibt das. spezifische Axialfeld bis zu einem Durchmesser von etwa (da + di)/4 näherungsweise konstant und fällt dann nach außen ab. Es ist somit bevorzugt im zentralen Bereich zwischen den geöffneten Kontakten 2 und 4 wirksam, in dem beim Trennen unter Laststrom der Lichtbogen gezündet wird.In the radial direction, the specific axial field remains approximately constant up to a diameter of approximately (d a + d i ) / 4 and then drops outwards. It is therefore preferably effective in the central area between the opened contacts 2 and 4, in which the arc is ignited when disconnected under load current.

Die elektrische Parallelschaltung von geschlitztem Kontaktträger 6 bzw. 8 und Stützkörper 18 bzw. 22 ergibt zwischen den als Äquipotentialflächen angenommenen Schnittflächen beispielsweise im gegenseitigen Abstand hS = da/4 = 18,75 mm für einen der Kontakte 2 oder 4 einen elektrischen Widerstand R = 0,76 /uΩ. Daraus folgt mit gleichem Zahlenwert eine normierte Verlustleistung für jeden der Kontakte 2 und 4 im Bereich seiner Kontaktträger 6 bzw. 8 und der Stützkörper 18 bzw. 22 mit der Höhe hs von P/Ieff 2 = 0,76 W/(kA)2. Das ergibt eine Verlustleistung bei einer effektiven Stromstärke Ieff = 2500 A für jeden der Kontakte 2 und 4 von P = 4,75 W.The electrical parallel connection of slotted contact carrier 6 or 8 and support body 18 or 22 results, for example, at a mutual distance h S = d a / 4 = 18.75 mm for one of the contacts 2 between the cut surfaces assumed to be equipotential surfaces or 4 an electrical resistance R = 0.76 / uΩ. From this follows with the same numerical value a normalized power loss for each of the contacts 2 and 4 in the area of its contact carriers 6 and 8 and the support bodies 18 and 22 with the height h s of P / I eff 2 = 0.76 W / (kA) 2nd This results in a power loss at an effective current I eff = 2500 A for each of contacts 2 and 4 of P = 4.75 W.

Der ringförmige Hohlraum zwischen dem Stützkörper 18 bzw. 22 und dem Kontaktträger 6 bzw. 8 ist jeweils durch die Kontaktscheibe 26 bzw. 28 oder durch die erweiterten Stirnflächen der Stützkörper 18 bzw. 22 gegen das elektrische Feld zwischen den Kontakten abgeschirmt, so daß eine Hohlkathodenentladung in diesem Raum nicht brennen kann. Die Stützkörper 18 und 22 entlasten außerdem die geschlitzten Kontaktträger 6 und 8, so daß die Schlitze 7 und 9 nicht zusammengequetscht werden können. Da für den Lichtbogen die gesamte Stirnfläche der Deckel 26 und 28 zur Yerfügung steht, ist die thermische Belastung der Kontakte 2 und 4 entsprechend gering. Ferner ist der mittlere Raumwinkel, unter dem das Plasma des Lichtbogens aus dem Spalt zwischen den geöffneten Elektroden 2 und 4 herausdiffundieren kann, verhältnismäßig klein. Es wird somit der Schirmstrom weiter vermindert und die spannungserniedrigende Wirkung des Magnetfeldes entsprechend unterstützt.The annular cavity between the support body 18 or 22 and the contact carrier 6 or 8 is shielded by the contact disk 26 or 28 or by the expanded end faces of the support body 18 or 22 against the electrical field between the contacts, so that a hollow cathode discharge can't burn in this room. The support body 18 and 22 also relieve the slotted contact carrier 6 and 8, so that the slots 7 and 9 can not be squeezed together. Since the entire end face of the covers 26 and 28 is available for the arc, the thermal load on the contacts 2 and 4 is correspondingly low. Furthermore, the mean solid angle at which the plasma of the arc can diffuse out of the gap between the opened electrodes 2 and 4 is relatively small. The shield current is thus further reduced and the voltage-lowering effect of the magnetic field is supported accordingly.

Die Schlitze 32 teilen die Kontaktscheiben 26 und 28 in Scheibensegmente auf, die jeweils eine der Stirnflächen der Stege bedecken, welche durch die Schlitze 7 und 9 in den Kontaktträgern 6 bzw. 8 gebildet werden. Unter Umständen kann es zweckmäßig sein, auch die Kontaktböden 10 und 12 der Kontakte 2 bzw. 4 mit radialen Schlitzen zu versehen wie es in Figur 1 angedeutet ist. Durch solche Schlitze werden Wirbelströme auch im Kontaktboden begrenzt.The slots 32 divide the contact disks 26 and 28 into disk segments, each of which covers one of the end faces of the webs, which are formed by the slots 7 and 9 in the contact carriers 6 and 8, respectively. Under certain circumstances, it may be expedient to provide the contact bases 10 and 12 of the contacts 2 and 4 with radial slots, as is indicated in FIG. 1. Edges of this type are also limited in the contact base by eddy currents.

Claims (9)

1. Kontaktanordnung für Vakuumschalter mit koaxial einander gegenüber angeordneten Hohlkontakten (2, 4), deren Kontaktträger (6, 8) gleichsinnig geneigte Schlitze (7, 9) enthalten und jeweils mit einer Kontaktscheibe (26, 28) versehen sind und jeweils einen zentralen Stützkörper (18, 22) enthalten,' dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Stützkörper (18, 22) aus elektrisch schlecht leitendem Material bestehen und mit der Kontaktscheibe (26, 28) formschlüssig verbunden sind.1. Contact arrangement for vacuum switches with coaxially opposite hollow contacts (2, 4), the contact carrier (6, 8) contain slots (7, 9) inclined in the same direction and are each provided with a contact disk (26, 28) and each have a central support body (18, 22) ', characterized in that the support bodies (18, 22) consist of electrically poorly conductive material and are positively connected to the contact disk (26, 28). 2. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Stützkörper (18, 22) aus nichtmagnetischem Material bestehen.2. Contact arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the support body (18, 22) consist of non-magnetic material. 3. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß wenigstens eine der Kontaktscheiben (26, 28) an ihrem Rand mit einer Abschrägung versehen ist.3. Contact arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the contact disks (26, 28) is provided at its edge with a bevel. 4. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Kontaktscheiben (26, 28) mit dem zugeordneten Kontaktträger (6 bzw. 8) unlösbar verbunden sind.4. Contact arrangement according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the contact disks (26, 28) with the associated contact carrier (6 or 8) are non-detachably connected. 5. Kontaktanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die Kontaktscheiben (26) mit radialen Schlitzen (32) versehen sind (Figur 2).5. Contact arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the contact disks (26) are provided with radial slots (32) (Figure 2). 6. Kontaktanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Querschnitt der Stützkörper (18, 22) jeweils an den dem anderen Kontakt zugewandten Ende erweitert ist.6. Contact arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cross section of the support body (18, 22) is in each case widened at the end facing the other contact. 7. Kontaktanordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Durchmesser der erweiterten Stirnfläche der Stützkörper (18, 22) wenigstens annähernd gleich dem inneren Durchmesser der Kontaktträger (6, 8) ist.7. Contact arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the diameter of the enlarged end face of the support body (18, 22) is at least approximately equal to the inner diameter of the contact carrier (6, 8). 8. Kontaktanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß jeweils wenigstens eine der Stirnflächen der Stützkörper (18, 22) mit einem Fortsatz (19, 20, 23, 24) versehen sind.8. Contact arrangement according to one of claims 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that in each case at least one of the end faces of the support body (18, 22) are provided with an extension (19, 20, 23, 24). 9. Kontaktanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Neigungswinkel ( ) der Schlitze (7, 9) gegenüber der Achse der Topfkontakte (2, 4) zwischen 60 und 76° gewählt ist.9. Contact arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the angle of inclination () of the slots (7, 9) relative to the axis of the pot contacts (2, 4) is chosen between 60 and 76 °.
EP83107901A 1982-08-25 1983-08-10 Contact arrangement for a vacuum interrupter Expired EP0104384B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3231593 1982-08-25
DE19823231593 DE3231593A1 (en) 1982-08-25 1982-08-25 CONTACT ARRANGEMENT FOR VACUUM SWITCHES

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EP0104384A1 true EP0104384A1 (en) 1984-04-04
EP0104384B1 EP0104384B1 (en) 1987-11-11

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EP83107901A Expired EP0104384B1 (en) 1982-08-25 1983-08-10 Contact arrangement for a vacuum interrupter

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EP (1) EP0104384B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5960829A (en)
DE (2) DE3231593A1 (en)

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GB2174843A (en) * 1985-04-24 1986-11-12 Vacuum Interrupters High current switch contacts
CN1969353B (en) * 2004-06-30 2010-11-03 西门子公司 Switching contact comprising annular supporting body for vacuum interrupters
US10418211B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2019-09-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching contact of a vacuum interrupter comprising supporting bodies
RU203212U1 (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет", ФГБОУ ВО "СибГИУ" CONTACT DEVICE FOR VACUUM ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER

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DE3415743A1 (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-10-31 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München CONTACT ARRANGEMENT FOR A VACUUM SWITCH
DE3415744A1 (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-10-31 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München CONTACT ARRANGEMENT FOR A VACUUM SWITCH
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JPH0731966B2 (en) * 1985-07-12 1995-04-10 株式会社日立製作所 Vacuum and breaker
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DE3610241A1 (en) * 1986-03-26 1987-10-01 Siemens Ag Contact arrangement for vacuum switches having an axial magnetic field
DE3613450A1 (en) * 1986-04-21 1987-10-22 Siemens Ag Contact arrangement for vacuum switches
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DE60223975T2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2008-11-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum switch contact and vacuum switch with such a contact
DE60202111T2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2005-12-01 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Contact for a vacuum switch and vacuum switch with such a contact
JP3840934B2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2006-11-01 株式会社明電舎 Contactor for vacuum interrupter and vacuum interrupter
US6965089B2 (en) * 2003-02-21 2005-11-15 Mcgraw-Edison Company Axial magnetic field vacuum fault interrupter
US7488916B2 (en) * 2005-11-14 2009-02-10 Cooper Technologies Company Vacuum switchgear assembly, system and method
US7772515B2 (en) * 2005-11-14 2010-08-10 Cooper Technologies Company Vacuum switchgear assembly and system
US8450630B2 (en) * 2007-06-05 2013-05-28 Cooper Technologies Company Contact backing for a vacuum interrupter
US7781694B2 (en) * 2007-06-05 2010-08-24 Cooper Technologies Company Vacuum fault interrupter
DE102007063414B3 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-04-23 Siemens Ag Contact disk for a vacuum interrupter
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EP0175181A3 (en) * 1984-09-10 1988-08-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contact arrangement for vacuum switch
GB2174843A (en) * 1985-04-24 1986-11-12 Vacuum Interrupters High current switch contacts
CN1969353B (en) * 2004-06-30 2010-11-03 西门子公司 Switching contact comprising annular supporting body for vacuum interrupters
US10418211B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2019-09-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switching contact of a vacuum interrupter comprising supporting bodies
RU203212U1 (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет", ФГБОУ ВО "СибГИУ" CONTACT DEVICE FOR VACUUM ARC EXTINGUISHING CHAMBER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3374486D1 (en) 1987-12-17
US4532391A (en) 1985-07-30
EP0104384B1 (en) 1987-11-11
JPS5960829A (en) 1984-04-06
JPH0322007B2 (en) 1991-03-26
DE3231593A1 (en) 1984-03-01

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