EP0102970A1 - Opto-geometric device for colorimetric and spectrophotometric apparatuses - Google Patents

Opto-geometric device for colorimetric and spectrophotometric apparatuses

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Publication number
EP0102970A1
EP0102970A1 EP19830900775 EP83900775A EP0102970A1 EP 0102970 A1 EP0102970 A1 EP 0102970A1 EP 19830900775 EP19830900775 EP 19830900775 EP 83900775 A EP83900775 A EP 83900775A EP 0102970 A1 EP0102970 A1 EP 0102970A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sphere
optical
photometric
main
pattern
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EP19830900775
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Otto Kraus
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
    • G01N21/474—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0251—Colorimeters making use of an integrating sphere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0267—Sample holders for colorimetry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection

Definitions

  • Optical-geometric device for colorimetric and spectrophotometric devices
  • the present patent application relates to an optical-geometric device for illuminating or collecting incident or remitted light on the part of a pattern during its photometric or spectrophotometric analysis.
  • Photometric devices for the determination of the color parameters use an illumination method for the sample to be tested in accordance with international standards as described by the C.I.E. (Commissio ⁇ International d'Eclarage) are recommended. These standards also prescribe the sea observation methods. In this regard, one speaks of the optical geometry of the measuring device. A distinction is made between diffuse illumination or at an angle of 45 and observation at 0o, and vice versa: illumination at 0o and diffuse observation or at 45o (*).
  • Figure 1 shows e.g. the case of diffuse lighting and observation below 0o. In the same Fig. 1, the illumination source is indicated by A, it being located outside the integrating sphere B (integrating sphere).
  • the light incident on a high or medium-high reflectance inner wall of the sphere is diffusely reflected by the entire sphere and consequently illuminates the colored object C to be analyzed (hereinafter referred to as "pattern").
  • pattern The light is remitted from the sample and in this way, at 0 °, reaches the window D through which it can be seen and evaluated by the photometer
  • Circumstances influencing the measurements are mainly the following: the type of lighting (diffuse, or 45 °), the uniform distribution of the lighting over the entire surface of the pattern, the surface properties of the pattern (e.g. flat, uniform, uneven, direction sensitive, etc.) and the illuminated and analyzed surface of the pattern.
  • the purpose of the present patent application is to propose means which allow precise and repeatable measurements to be carried out, even in cases which have hitherto been regarded as difficult or impractical, such as non-uniform surfaces, textile fibers, various granular materials, metallized lacquers, etc. These means can be used in connection with existing measuring devices or can also be integrated into devices to be built according to the new criteria.
  • the present patent application is based on an optical-geometric device for photometric measuring instruments, for example a colorimeter or spectrophotometer, which can be used in visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges and the composition of which consists of two spheres, one inside the other, the outer, integrating (integrating) sphere being actuated as a diffuser of light and the inner wall of the latter being covered with a high or medium-high reflective layer, while the internal Sphere, the colorimetric properties of which are to be determined in the visible or ultraviolet (UV) or in the infrared (IR), represents the pattern, the design of the device being such that the outer sphere has at least one window through which the two-sphere unit in optical connection with the photometric measuring instrument.
  • a colorimeter or spectrophotometer which can be used in visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges and the composition of which consists of two spheres, one inside the other, the outer, integrating (integrating) sphere being actuated as a diffuser of light and the inner wall of
  • Fig. 2 shows a practical implementation of the patent. It relates to a case where an existing photometric instrument with its own optical geometry is connected to the structure which is the subject of this patent application in order to improve its properties.
  • the integrating (integrating) sphere is denoted by 1, the spherical pattern to be measured — set up concentrically in the sphere 1 — by 2, by 3 the window through which the two-sphere unit 1 and 2 with the photometric measuring device 4 (colorimeter , Spectrophotometer).
  • the illumination comes through the window 3 from the measuring instrument 4.
  • the window 3 is preferably arranged so that the sphere 2 cannot be seen directly. Due to the light arriving inside dex sphere 1, diffuse and uniform illumination - characteristic of an integrating sphere - is produced.
  • This light illuminates the spherical pattern 2 evenly and is bounced infinitely between pattern 2 and the inner wall of sphere 1, the inner wall of sphere 1 having a high degree of reflectance.
  • the luminous flux thus produced is a testament to the color of pattern 2, the function of which it is. If any to this Luminous flux proportional size is measured with measuring instrument 4, the parameters characteristic of the color of the pattern 2 can be derived therefrom.
  • FIG. 2 represents a new optical geometry which can be referred to as spherical-diffuse (illumination) / spherical-diffuse (observation), abbreviated sd / sd.
  • spherical-diffuse illumination
  • spherical-diffuse observation
  • sd / sd spherical-diffuse
  • Such a geometry is characterized by a high uniformity of the lighting, by the integrating property of the integrating (integrating) sphere 1 and by a large measuring surface of the pattern 2.
  • Typical dimensions are: 300 mm diameter for balls 1 and
  • the sample ball 2 80 mm diameter for the sample ball 2, the latter having an illuminated surface of approximately 200 m 2 , compared to the cc.
  • the remarkable integrating ability of the new optical-geometric unit is e.g. by measurements cn a spherical pattern 2, one half of which was colored in red and the other half in blue. If this latter is set up at different angles in the sphere 1, the colorimetric parameters show only a tiny change.
  • the device attached in FIG. 2 represents only one of the various possibilities.
  • a light source can be used that is not that of the measuring instrument 4 in FIG. 2, but is attached in the sphere 1 or outside the sphere 1 and communicates with the latter through a suitable window.
  • the relationship to a certain wavelength between the apparent remission (R A ), which can be measured by the measuring instrument 4 at the window 3, and the effective remission (R E ) of the color of the pattern 2 is in Fig. 3 shown.
  • the diagrams relating to three different sizes of the pattern 2, ie with a diameter of 80, 60 and 40 mm, are shown.
  • the spherical pattern 2 of Fig. 2 can e.g. be a metallic ball, painted with the color to be analyzed. If necessary, it could also be an empty glass ball into which the material to be analyzed is poured: powder, granular materials, textile fibers, meat, etc.
  • Ball 2 -metallic, made of glass or other materials- is suspended in the center of ball 1 by means of an axis, which is supported on the walls of ball 1, since the latter consists of two hemispheres.
  • sample 2 is a solid, for example a painted ball
  • 100% calibration of the apparent remission takes place with the axis of sample 2 in its usual position alone.
  • the measurement is carried out using a glass ball
  • the 100% calibration is carried out with the empty glass ball mentioned in the usual central position within ball 1.
  • the pattern can also be transparent, diffuse-transparent or a liquid.
  • the conversion curves in these cases are generally not like those in Fig. 3 and the procedure for obtaining the desired parameters is in these cases also a graphic conversion or a table or an electronic circuit.
  • this is apparently a single-beam type, i.e. provided with a single type 3 window of FIG. 2 to the outside, the window where flat patterns are normally laid.
  • photometric instruments whereby the light beam alternately analyzes the pattern on the window and then an internal reference surface of the device.
  • the present patent is also applicable in such cases.
  • the ball 1 and ball 2 unit can be incorporated into the measuring device 4 instead of an external attachment, in order to thereby become its optical geometry.
  • Fig. 4 shows an application example.
  • the integrating sphere integrating Ulbricht is indicated by 1, where 2 represents the pattern sphere, 3 is the window through which the light beam illuminates the inside of sphere 1 and 5 is the window that reflects the luminous flux from inside the ball 1 comes against the suitable organs of the photometric instrument 4 windows 3 and 4 are located so as to prevent direct visibility of the sample ball 2.
  • the units shown in FIG. 2 and thus also in FIG. 4 can be used not only with photometric devices in the visible, but also with those that work in the ultraviolet and infrared.

Abstract

Améliorations structurelles d'appareils photométriques (colorimètre, spectrophotomètre) utilisés pour mesurer des paramètres déterminant la couleur (luminance de réflexion, composantes trichromatiques, etc...). L'on propose une nouvelle géométrie optique, qui pourrait être définie comme sphérique-diffuse (illumination)/sphérique-diffuse (observation). Il en existe deux modes fondamentaux de réalisation, le premier en association avec un appareil photométrique déjà existant, la nouvelle géométrie optique étant couplée à l'extérieur dudit appareil, et le deuxième consistant à intégrer la nouvelle géométrie optique dans l'appareil de mesure. Dans les deux cas, les structures qui présentent la nouvelle géométrie optique sont également utilisées comme porte-échantillons.Structural improvements of photometric devices (colorimeter, spectrophotometer) used to measure parameters determining the color (reflection luminance, trichromatic components, etc.). We propose a new optical geometry, which could be defined as spherical-diffuse (illumination) / spherical-diffuse (observation). There are two fundamental embodiments, the first in combination with an already existing photometric device, the new optical geometry being coupled to the outside of said device, and the second consisting in integrating the new optical geometry into the measuring device. In both cases, the structures which present the new optical geometry are also used as sample holders.

Description

Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung für kolorimetrische und spektralfotometrische Geräte Optical-geometric device for colorimetric and spectrophotometric devices
Die vorliegende Patentanmeldung betrifft eine optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung für die Beleuchtung, bzw. die Einsammlung von einfallendem bzw. remittiertem Licht seitens eines Musters während dessen fotometrischer oder spektralfotometrischer Analyse.The present patent application relates to an optical-geometric device for illuminating or collecting incident or remitted light on the part of a pattern during its photometric or spectrophotometric analysis.
Fotometrische Geräte für die Bestimmung der Farbparameter (Normfarbwerte, Remissionswerte und davon abgeleiteten Werten) benützen eine Beleuchtungsmethode bei dem zu prüfenden Muster gemäss internationalen Normen, wie sie von der C.I.E. (Commissioπ International d'Eclarage) empfohlen werden. In diesen Normen sind auch die Seobachtuπgsmethoden vorgeschrieben. In dieser Hinsicht spricht man von der optischen Geometrie des Messgerätes. Man unterscheidet zwischen diffuser Beleuchtung oder unter einem- 45 -Winkel und einer Beobachtung unter 0º,-sowie auch umgekehrt : Beleuchtung unter 0º und diffuse Beobachtung oder unter 45º (*) . Fig. 1 zeigt z.B. den Fall der diffusen Beleuchtung und Beobachtung unter 0º. In derselben Fig. 1 ist die Beleuchtungsquelle mit A angezeigt, wobei sie sich ausserhalb der integrierenden Kugel B (Ulbricht-Kugel) befindet. Das auf eine hohe oder mittelhohe Remission aufweisende Innenwand der Kugel einfallende Licht wird von dieser diffus in der ganzen Kugel remittiert und beleuchtet demzufolge das zu analysierende farbige Objekt C (künftig "Muster" genannt) . Von dem Muster wird das Licht remittiert und gelangt auf diese Weise, unter 0º, zum Fenster D, durch welches es vom Fotometer gesehen und ausgewertetPhotometric devices for the determination of the color parameters (standard color values, reflectance values and values derived therefrom) use an illumination method for the sample to be tested in accordance with international standards as described by the C.I.E. (Commissioπ International d'Eclarage) are recommended. These standards also prescribe the sea observation methods. In this regard, one speaks of the optical geometry of the measuring device. A distinction is made between diffuse illumination or at an angle of 45 and observation at 0º, and vice versa: illumination at 0º and diffuse observation or at 45º (*). Figure 1 shows e.g. the case of diffuse lighting and observation below 0º. In the same Fig. 1, the illumination source is indicated by A, it being located outside the integrating sphere B (integrating sphere). The light incident on a high or medium-high reflectance inner wall of the sphere is diffusely reflected by the entire sphere and consequently illuminates the colored object C to be analyzed (hereinafter referred to as "pattern"). The light is remitted from the sample and in this way, at 0 °, reaches the window D through which it can be seen and evaluated by the photometer
(*) Judd & Wiszecki, Color in Business, Science and Industry,(*) Judd & Wiszecki, Color in Business, Science and Industry,
1975, Seite 124 wird. Eine solche optische Geometrie wird mit d/0º bezeichnet. Die anderen üblichen optischen Geometrien sind : 45º/0º, 0º/d und 0°/45°.1975, page 124 becomes. Such an optical geometry is called d / 0 °. The other common optical geometries are: 45 ° / 0 °, 0 ° / d and 0 ° / 45 °.
Die Messungen beeinflussende Umstände sind hauptsächlich folgende : der Beleuchtungstyp (diffus, oder 45°), die gleichmössige Verteilung der Beleuchtung auf der ganzen Oberfläche des Musters, die Oberflächeneigenschaften des Musters (z.B. flach, gleichmässig, ungleichmässig, richtungsempfindlich, usw.) und die beleuchtete und analysierte Oberfläche des Musters.Circumstances influencing the measurements are mainly the following: the type of lighting (diffuse, or 45 °), the uniform distribution of the lighting over the entire surface of the pattern, the surface properties of the pattern (e.g. flat, uniform, uneven, direction sensitive, etc.) and the illuminated and analyzed surface of the pattern.
Durch die bis heute benützten optischen Geometrien werden nicht alle nötigen Eigenschaften für präzise und somit wiederholbare Messungen zugesichert, mit Ausnahme der einfachsten Fälle, d.h., wenn das Muster eine flache und gleichmössige Oberfläche aufweist, die gleichmässig beleuchtet-ist. In den schon öfters vorkommenden Fällen von Mustern die eine gewisse Richtungsempfindlichkeit aufweisen (z.B. Textilfasern), können die Messungen nicht vollständig zufriedenstellend sein.The optical geometries used to date do not guarantee all the necessary properties for precise and therefore repeatable measurements, with the exception of the simplest cases, i.e. when the pattern has a flat and uniform surface that is evenly illuminated. In the frequently occurring cases of patterns that have a certain directional sensitivity (e.g. textile fibers), the measurements can not be completely satisfactory.
Zweck der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung ist Mittel vorzuschlagen, die die Durchführung von präzisen und wiederholbάren Messungen erlauben, auch in solchen Fällen, die bis heute als schwierig oder undurchführbar betrachtet wurden, wie z.B. ungleichmäεsige Oberflächen, Textilfasern, verschiedene körnige Materialien, metallisierte Lacke, usw. Diese Mittel können im Zusammenhang mit bereits vorhandenen Messgeräten benützt oder auch in noch nach den neuen Kriterien aufzubauende Geräte eingegliedert werden.The purpose of the present patent application is to propose means which allow precise and repeatable measurements to be carried out, even in cases which have hitherto been regarded as difficult or impractical, such as non-uniform surfaces, textile fibers, various granular materials, metallized lacquers, etc. These means can be used in connection with existing measuring devices or can also be integrated into devices to be built according to the new criteria.
Die vorliegende Patentanmeldung geht von einer optisch-geometrischen Vorrichtung für fotometrische Messinstrumente aus, z.B. einem Kolorimeter oder Spektralfotometer, die in sichtbaren, ultravioletten und infraroten Bereichen benützt werden kann und deren Zusammensetzung aus zwei Kugeln -die eine innerhalb der anderen- besteht, wobei die äussere, integrierende (Ulbricht-) Kugel als Diffusor des Lichtes betätigt wird und die innere Wand dieser letzteren mit einer hoch- oder mittelhoch remittierenden Schicht belegt wird, während die interne Kugel, deren kolorimet rische Eigenschaften im Sichtbaren oder Ultravioletten (UV) oder im Infraroten (IR) zu bestimmen sind, das Muster darstellt, wobei die Gestaltung der Vorrichtung eine solche ist, dass die äussere Kugel wenigstens ein Fenster hat, durch welches die Zweikugeleinheit in optischer Verbindung mit dem fotometrischen Messinstrument steht.The present patent application is based on an optical-geometric device for photometric measuring instruments, for example a colorimeter or spectrophotometer, which can be used in visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges and the composition of which consists of two spheres, one inside the other, the outer, integrating (integrating) sphere being actuated as a diffuser of light and the inner wall of the latter being covered with a high or medium-high reflective layer, while the internal Sphere, the colorimetric properties of which are to be determined in the visible or ultraviolet (UV) or in the infrared (IR), represents the pattern, the design of the device being such that the outer sphere has at least one window through which the two-sphere unit in optical connection with the photometric measuring instrument.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine praktische Ausführung des Patentes. Sie betrifft einen Fall, wobei ein schon vorhandenes fotometrisches Instrument mit seiner eigenen optischen Geometrie mit der Struktur, die Gegenstand dieser Patentanmeldung ist, verbunden wird, um dessen Eigenschaften zu verbessern. In Fig. 2 wird die integrierende (Ulbricht-) Kugel mit 1, das auszumessende sphärische Muster -in der Kugel 1 konzentrisch aufgestellt- mit 2 bezeichnet, mit 3 das Fenster, durch welches die Zweikugeleinheit 1 und 2 mit dem fotometrischen Messgerät 4 (Kolorimeter, Spektralfotometer) in Verbindung steht. Die Beleuchtung kommt durch das Fenster 3 aus dem Messinstrument 4. Das Fenster 3 ist vorzugsweise so angeordnet, um direkte Sichtbarkeit der Kugel 2 nicht zu gestatten. Durch das im Innern dex Kugel 1 ankommende Licht wird eine diffuse und gleichmössige Beleuchtung -charakteristisch für eine Ulbricht-Kugel- hergestellt. Dieses Licht beleuchtet gleichmässig das sphärische Muster 2 und wird unendliche Male zwischen Muster 2 und der inneren Wand von Kugel 1 zurückgeprallt, wobei die innere Wand der Kugel 1 einen hohen Remissionsgrad aufweist. Der so hergestellte Lichtstrom ist Zeuge der Farbe von Muster 2, .dessen Funktion er ist. Wenn eine zu diesem Lichtstrom proportionale Grosse mit Messinstrument 4 gemessen wird, kann man daraus die für die Farbe des Musters 2 charakteristischen Parameter ableiten.Fig. 2 shows a practical implementation of the patent. It relates to a case where an existing photometric instrument with its own optical geometry is connected to the structure which is the subject of this patent application in order to improve its properties. In Fig. 2, the integrating (integrating) sphere is denoted by 1, the spherical pattern to be measured — set up concentrically in the sphere 1 — by 2, by 3 the window through which the two-sphere unit 1 and 2 with the photometric measuring device 4 (colorimeter , Spectrophotometer). The illumination comes through the window 3 from the measuring instrument 4. The window 3 is preferably arranged so that the sphere 2 cannot be seen directly. Due to the light arriving inside dex sphere 1, diffuse and uniform illumination - characteristic of an integrating sphere - is produced. This light illuminates the spherical pattern 2 evenly and is bounced infinitely between pattern 2 and the inner wall of sphere 1, the inner wall of sphere 1 having a high degree of reflectance. The luminous flux thus produced is a testament to the color of pattern 2, the function of which it is. If any to this Luminous flux proportional size is measured with measuring instrument 4, the parameters characteristic of the color of the pattern 2 can be derived therefrom.
Die jetzt beschriebene und in Fig. 2 abgegebene Struktur stellt eine neue optische Geometrie dar, welche als sphärisch-diffus (Beleuchtung) / sphärisch-diffus (Beobachtung), abgekürzt sd/sd bezeichnet werden kann. Eine solche Geometrie ist durch eine hohe Gleichmässigkeit der Beleuchtung, durch die integrierende Eigenschaft der integrierenden (Ulbricht-) Kugel 1 und durch eine grosse Messoberfläche des Musters 2 charakterisiert. Typische Ausmasse sind : 300 mm Durchmesser für die Kugel 1 undThe structure now described and given in FIG. 2 represents a new optical geometry which can be referred to as spherical-diffuse (illumination) / spherical-diffuse (observation), abbreviated sd / sd. Such a geometry is characterized by a high uniformity of the lighting, by the integrating property of the integrating (integrating) sphere 1 and by a large measuring surface of the pattern 2. Typical dimensions are: 300 mm diameter for balls 1 and
80 mm Durchmesser für die Muster-Kugel 2, wobei letztere eine beleuchtete Oberfläche von ca. 200 m2 aufweist, gegenüber den cc.80 mm diameter for the sample ball 2, the latter having an illuminated surface of approximately 200 m 2 , compared to the cc.
3 - 12 m2 von flachen Mustern (Durchmesser eines kreisförmigen, flachen Musters zwischen 2 und 4 cmj, wie sie mit den üblichen optisch-geometrischen Strukturen der bekannten Kolorimeter und Spektralfotometer messbar sind.3 - 12 m 2 of flat patterns (diameter of a circular, flat pattern between 2 and 4 cmj, as they can be measured with the usual optical-geometric structures of the known colorimeters and spectrophotometers.
Die bemerkenswerte integrierende Fähigkeit der neuen optisch-geometrischen Einheit wird z.B. durch Messungen cn einem sphärischen Muster 2, dessen eine Hälfte in rot, die andere Hälfte in blau gefärbt wurde, gezeigt. Wenn dieses letztere mit verschiedenen Winkeln in der Kugel 1 aufgestellt wird, weisen die kolorimetrischen Parameter nur eine winzige Veränderung auf.The remarkable integrating ability of the new optical-geometric unit is e.g. by measurements cn a spherical pattern 2, one half of which was colored in red and the other half in blue. If this latter is set up at different angles in the sphere 1, the colorimetric parameters show only a tiny change.
Die in Fig. 2 angebrachte Vorrichtung stellt nur eine der verschiedenen Möglichkeiten dar. Als Alternative kann man eine Lichtquelle benützen, die nicht die des Messinstrumentes 4 in Fig. 2 ist, sondern in der Kugel 1, oder ausserhalb der.Kugel 1, angebracht ist und mit der letzteren durch ein passendes Fenster in Verbindung steht. Im Falle der Vorrichtung in Fig. 2 ist die Beziehung auf eine gewisse Wellenlänge zwischen der scheinbaren Remission (RA), welche durch das Messinstrument 4 am Fenster 3 gemessen werden kann und der effektiven Remission (RE) der Farbe des Musters 2, in Fig. 3 dargestellt. In dieser Figur sind die Diagramme betreffend drei verschiedener Grossen des Musters 2, d.h. mit einem Durchmesser von 80, 60 und 40 mm, gezeigt. Es ist ersichtlich, dass der 0 bis 100 % Bereich, innerhalb welchem die effektive Remission sich verändert, sich auf ca. 50 bis 100 % verkleinert. Das bedeutet, dass -um die effektive Remission zu kennen- eine grafische Darstellung, eine Tabelle oder -noch besser- eine elektronische Konversionseinheit im Messgerät 4 vorhanden sein muss, in welch letzterem Falle die effektive Remission direkt und augenblicklich erhaltbar ist.The device attached in FIG. 2 represents only one of the various possibilities. As an alternative, a light source can be used that is not that of the measuring instrument 4 in FIG. 2, but is attached in the sphere 1 or outside the sphere 1 and communicates with the latter through a suitable window. In the case of the device in FIG. 2, the relationship to a certain wavelength between the apparent remission (R A ), which can be measured by the measuring instrument 4 at the window 3, and the effective remission (R E ) of the color of the pattern 2, is in Fig. 3 shown. In this figure, the diagrams relating to three different sizes of the pattern 2, ie with a diameter of 80, 60 and 40 mm, are shown. It can be seen that the 0 to 100% range within which the effective remission changes is reduced to approximately 50 to 100%. This means that - in order to know the effective remission - a graphical representation, a table or - even better - an electronic conversion unit must be present in the measuring device 4, in which case the effective remission can be obtained directly and instantaneously.
Das sphärische Muster 2 der Fig. 2 kann z.B. eine metallische Kugel sein, lackiert mit der zu analysierenden Farbe. Es könnte auch -wenn nötig- eine leere Glaskugel sein, in welche das zu analysierende Material eingefüllt wird : Pulver, kornförmige Materialien, Textilfasern, Fleisch, usw.The spherical pattern 2 of Fig. 2 can e.g. be a metallic ball, painted with the color to be analyzed. If necessary, it could also be an empty glass ball into which the material to be analyzed is poured: powder, granular materials, textile fibers, meat, etc.
Kugel 2 -metallisch, aus Glas oder aus anderen Materialien- wird im Zentrum der Kugel 1 mittels einer Achse,, die sich auf die Wände der Kugel 1 stützt, aufgehängt, da letztere aus zwei Halbkugeln besteht.Ball 2 -metallic, made of glass or other materials- is suspended in the center of ball 1 by means of an axis, which is supported on the walls of ball 1, since the latter consists of two hemispheres.
Wenn Muster 2 ein Festkörper, z.B. eine lackierte Kugel, ist, erfolgt die 100%-Eichung der scheinbaren Remission mit der Achse des Musters 2 allein in ihrer üblichen Lage. Wenn dagegen die Messung bei Anwenden einer Glaskugel durchgeführt wird, erfolgt die 100%- Eichung mit der erwähnten leeren Glaskugel in der gewohnten zentralen Lage innerhalb der Kugel 1. Ausser undurchsichtigen Materialien kann das Muster auch durchsichtig, diffus-durchsichtig oder eine Flüssigkeit sein. Die Konversionskurven sind in diesen Fällen im allgemeinen nicht wie die in Fig. 3 und die Prozedur, um die gewünschten Parameter zu erhalten, besteht auch in diesen Fällen in einer grafischen Konversion oder einer Tabelle oder einer elektronischen Schaltung.If sample 2 is a solid, for example a painted ball, the 100% calibration of the apparent remission takes place with the axis of sample 2 in its usual position alone. If, on the other hand, the measurement is carried out using a glass ball, the 100% calibration is carried out with the empty glass ball mentioned in the usual central position within ball 1. In addition to opaque materials, the pattern can also be transparent, diffuse-transparent or a liquid. The conversion curves in these cases are generally not like those in Fig. 3 and the procedure for obtaining the desired parameters is in these cases also a graphic conversion or a table or an electronic circuit.
Was das Messinstrument 4 der Fig. 2 betrifft, ist dieses offenbar ein Einstrahl-Typ, d.h. mit einem einzigen Fenster des Typs 3 der Fig. 2 nach aussen hin versehen, das Fenster, wo normalerweise flcche Muster gelegt werden. Es gibt auch fotometrische Instrumente, wobei der Lichtstrahl wechselweise das am Fenster gelegene Muster und danach eine interne Referenzfläche des Gerätes analysiert. Das vorliegende Patent ist auch in solchen Fällen anwendbar.As for the measuring instrument 4 of Fig. 2, this is apparently a single-beam type, i.e. provided with a single type 3 window of FIG. 2 to the outside, the window where flat patterns are normally laid. There are also photometric instruments, whereby the light beam alternately analyzes the pattern on the window and then an internal reference surface of the device. The present patent is also applicable in such cases.
Was das Messinstrument 4 dex Fig. 2 betrifft, so kann anstatt einer Aussenanbringung, die Kugel 1- und Kugel 2-Einheit in das Messgerät 4 eingegliedert werden, um damit dessen optische Geometrie zu werden. Fig. 4 zeigt ein Anwendungs-Beispiel.As for the measuring instrument 4 dex Fig. 2, the ball 1 and ball 2 unit can be incorporated into the measuring device 4 instead of an external attachment, in order to thereby become its optical geometry. Fig. 4 shows an application example.
In dieser Figur wird die Ulbricht'sehe integrierende Kugel mit 1 angegeben, wobei 2 die Muster Kugel darstellt, 3 ist das Fenster, durch welches dex Lichtstrahl das Innere der Kugel 1 beleuchtet und 5 ist das Fenster, welches den Lichtstrom -der aus dem Innern der Kugel 1 kommt- gegen die geeigneten Organe des fotometrischen Instrumentes 4 hinführte Fenster 3 und 4 sind so gelegen, um eine direkte Sichtbarkeit der Muster-Kugel 2 zu verhindern.In this figure, the integrating sphere integrating Ulbricht is indicated by 1, where 2 represents the pattern sphere, 3 is the window through which the light beam illuminates the inside of sphere 1 and 5 is the window that reflects the luminous flux from inside the ball 1 comes against the suitable organs of the photometric instrument 4 windows 3 and 4 are located so as to prevent direct visibility of the sample ball 2.
Die in Fig. 2 und so auch in Fig. 4 dargestellten Einheiten können nicht nur mit fotometrischen Geräten im Sichtbaren, sondern auch mit solchen, die im Ultravioletten und im Infrarot arbeiten, angewendet werden. The units shown in FIG. 2 and thus also in FIG. 4 can be used not only with photometric devices in the visible, but also with those that work in the ultraviolet and infrared.

Claims

A n sprücheA. H a u p t a n s p r u c h A n claims A. Main claim
1. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung für fotometrische Instrumente, z.B. Kolorimeter und Spektralfotometer, die in dem Bereich der sichtbaren, ultravioletten und infraroten Strahlungen benützt werden, bestehend aus 2 Kugeln, die eine innerhalb der anderen, wobei die äussere als Diffusor in der Form einer integrierenden (Ulbricht-) Kugel angewendet wird und deren innere Wand mit einer hoch- oder mittelhoch remittierenden Schicht ausgestattet ist, wobei die innere Kugel das Muster darstellt, dessen kolorimetrische Eigenschaften in dem sichtbaren, oder ultravioletten (UV), oder infraroten (IR) Bereich zu bestimmen sind, sowie aus einem gewöhnlichen fotometrischen Messinstrument, wobei die äussere Kugel wenigstens mit einer Oeffnung versehen ist, durch welche die Zweikugel-Einheit mit dem fotometrischen Messinstrument in Verbindung steht.1. Optical-geometric device for photometric instruments, e.g. Colorimeter and spectrophotometer used in the field of visible, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, consisting of 2 spheres, one inside the other, the outer one being used as a diffuser in the form of an integrating (integrating) sphere and its inner wall is equipped with a high- or medium-high reflective layer, the inner sphere representing the pattern whose colorimetric properties are to be determined in the visible, or ultraviolet (UV), or infrared (IR) range, and from an ordinary photometric measuring instrument, whereby the outer sphere is at least provided with an opening through which the two-sphere unit is connected to the photometric measuring instrument.
B. U n t e r a n s p r ü c h eB. U n t e r a n s p r ü c h e
1. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung, gemäss dem Hauptanspruch, wobei die Lichtquelle, anstatt die des fotometrischen Instrumentes, eine ausserhalb der Kugel 1 sich befindende ist, welche mit der Lichtquelle durch eine Oeffnung in der Wand der Kugel 1 in Verbindung steht.1. Optical-geometric device, according to the main claim, wherein the light source, instead of that of the photometric instrument, is an outside of the sphere 1, which is connected to the light source through an opening in the wall of the sphere 1.
2. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung, gemäss dem Hauptanspruch, wobei die Lichtquelle innerhalb der Kugel 1 angeordnet ist, anstatt die des fotometrischen Instrumentes zu sein. 2. Optical-geometric device, according to the main claim, wherein the light source is arranged inside the sphere 1 instead of being that of the photometric instrument.
3. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung, gemäss dem Hauptanspruch, wobei die Muster-Kugel 2 konzentrisch zur integrierenden Kugel ist.3. Optical-geometric device, according to the main claim, wherein the pattern ball 2 is concentric with the integrating ball.
4. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung, gemäss dem Hauptanspruch und gemäss einer der Kombinationen 1 +3, oder 2+3 der Unterσnsprüche.4. Optical-geometric device, according to the main claim and according to one of the combinations 1 +3, or 2 + 3 of the subclaims.
5. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung, gemäss dem Hauptanspruch, wobei die Einheit, bestehend aus den zwei Kugeln 1 und 2, durch eine einzige Oeffnung 3 mit dem Messinstrument in Verbindung steht, wobei diese Oeffnung gleichzeitig dem Zuleiten des beleuchtenden Lichtes und zur Einsammlung des remittierten Lichtes dient.5. Optical-geometric device, according to the main claim, wherein the unit, consisting of the two balls 1 and 2, is connected to the measuring instrument by a single opening 3, this opening simultaneously supplying the illuminating light and collecting the remitted Light serves.
6. Optisch-geometrische Vorrichtung, gemäss dem Hauptanspruch, wobei die aus den Kugeln 1 und 2 bestehende Einheit mit dem Messinstrument durch Oeffnung 3 und 5. in Verbindung steht, die eine um Licht aus der Lichtquelle des Fotometers zuzuleiten und die zweite um das vom Muster remittierte Licht gegen den Detektor des fotometrischen Instrumentes zu leiten. 6. Optical-geometric device, according to the main claim, wherein the unit consisting of balls 1 and 2 is connected to the measuring instrument through opening 3 and 5. The one to supply light from the light source of the photometer and the second one from the To direct the pattern of the reflected light against the detector of the photometric instrument.
EP19830900775 1982-03-03 1983-03-03 Opto-geometric device for colorimetric and spectrophotometric apparatuses Withdrawn EP0102970A1 (en)

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CH1287/82 1982-03-03
CH128782 1982-03-03

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DE3424108A1 (en) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-09 Bernhard Prof. Dr.-Ing. 4300 Essen Schrader SPECTROMETRY SAMPLE ARRANGEMENT, METHOD FOR MEASURING LUMINESCENCE AND SCATTERING AND USE OF THE SAMPLE ARRANGEMENT
ES2289856B1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2008-12-16 Ingenieria Diseño Y Desarrollo Tecnologico, S.A. COLORIMETER.

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