EP0098618A2 - System for the electronical sector scanning of the beam of a monopulse radar antenna - Google Patents

System for the electronical sector scanning of the beam of a monopulse radar antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0098618A2
EP0098618A2 EP83106741A EP83106741A EP0098618A2 EP 0098618 A2 EP0098618 A2 EP 0098618A2 EP 83106741 A EP83106741 A EP 83106741A EP 83106741 A EP83106741 A EP 83106741A EP 0098618 A2 EP0098618 A2 EP 0098618A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radar antenna
electronical
sector scanning
switch
monopulse radar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP83106741A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0098618A3 (en
Inventor
Riccardo Roveda
Giuseppe Cattarin
Carlo Di Gregorio
Umberto Parrucci
Giuseppe Capasso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leonardo SpA
Original Assignee
Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate SpA filed Critical Selenia Industrie Elettroniche Associate SpA
Publication of EP0098618A2 publication Critical patent/EP0098618A2/en
Publication of EP0098618A3 publication Critical patent/EP0098618A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/245—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching in the focal plane of a focussing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system which allows the fast sectional scanning of a bundle of radar antenna monopulses to be obtained.
  • the invention is used in the field of radar systems for tracking, particularly in the field of the components in waveguides for antennas. Said fast scanning is obtained by the use of an electronic ferrite switch in the waveguide. As no electronic solutions for shifting the bundle were known, the only possibility consisted of very slow electromechanical devices which therefore were not satisfactory when used for radar purposes.
  • Figure 1 shows a basic diagram of the invention in which P i is the R.F. input power; the block 1 is the electronic ferrite switch; P 1 and P 2 represent the powers being output at two output terminals of said switch, ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 being the corresponding phases; the block 2 represents the monopulse comparator for the sum bundles ( ⁇ ) and for the difference bundles ( ⁇ ) and finally, the block 3 represents the radiating antenna system.
  • Figure 2 represents the block 1 of Figure 1 and is an equivalent circuit diagram of the electronic ferrite switch located in the waveguide.
  • P i is the input power fed to the switch;
  • a 1 and A 2 are two hybrid functions interconnected by two ferrite phase shifters A and B.
  • P 1 and P 2 are the R.F. output powers and ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 the corresponding phases.
  • Figure 3 represents the constructional conception in the R.F. ferrite switch in the waveguide, in which the par- ticulars indicated by DRIVER are the control circuits having transistors.
  • the electronic switch which allows the fast scanning of the antenna bundle is based on the monopulse characteristics of the antenna, combining the sum bundle ⁇ with one of the difference bundles ⁇
  • the real radiating system and the monopulse comparator are typical embodiments of a Cassegrain system with monopulse function.
  • the electronic switch the equivalent circuit diagram of which being illustrated in Fig. 2 is realized as shown in Fig. 3.
  • a 1 and A 2 are two hybrid junctions interconnected by two ferrite phase shifters. As the switching over from one status to the other status must be completed within some 10 ps it has been opted in favour of a latching in guide type phase shifter (see e.g. Ref. No. 1 x ) for the relative reading.
  • the phase shifters are controlled by a transistor driver, which supplies on command the three current couples necessary for the three output situations.
  • lithium ferrite for small peak power values and high average power values is convenient; stabilized garnets for high peak power values and moderate average power values; the magnetisation levels are chosen according to the application frequency.

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  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

System for the electronic sector scanning of a bundle of radar antenna monopulses, which allows scanning times in the order of µs by the separation of the R.F. power at a predetermined phase and whith amplitude control.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a system which allows the fast sectional scanning of a bundle of radar antenna monopulses to be obtained. The invention is used in the field of radar systems for tracking, particularly in the field of the components in waveguides for antennas. Said fast scanning is obtained by the use of an electronic ferrite switch in the waveguide. As no electronic solutions for shifting the bundle were known, the only possibility consisted of very slow electromechanical devices which therefore were not satisfactory when used for radar purposes.
  • The following description of the figures is only an example not restricting the scope of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a basic diagram of the invention in which Pi is the R.F. input power; the block 1 is the electronic ferrite switch; P1 and P2 represent the powers being output at two output terminals of said switch, γ 1 and γ 2 being the corresponding phases; the block 2 represents the monopulse comparator for the sum bundles ( Σ ) and for the difference bundles (Δ) and finally, the block 3 represents the radiating antenna system.
  • Figure 2 represents the block 1 of Figure 1 and is an equivalent circuit diagram of the electronic ferrite switch located in the waveguide. Here, Pi is the input power fed to the switch; A1 and A2 are two hybrid functions interconnected by two ferrite phase shifters A and B. P1 and P2 are the R.F. output powers and γ 1 and γ 2 the corresponding phases.
  • Figure 3 represents the constructional conception in the R.F. ferrite switch in the waveguide, in which the par- ticulars indicated by DRIVER are the control circuits having transistors.
  • The electronic switch which allows the fast scanning of the antenna bundle is based on the monopulse characteristics of the antenna, combining the sum bundle ε with one of the difference bundles Δ
  • The various signal configurations being available at the input terminals of the channels Σ and A of said monopulse comparator are furnished by the electronic switch the essential requirements of which being indicated in the following Table I:
    Figure imgb0001
     Said table indicates the correspondence between the input values and the output values which can be derived from the following general formulas of the microwave scheme of Fig. 2:
    Figure imgb0002
    Figure imgb0003
    Wherein E1, E2 are the output voltages,
    Figure imgb0004
     for an incoming voltage
    Figure imgb0005
  • The real radiating system and the monopulse comparator are typical embodiments of a Cassegrain system with monopulse function. The electronic switch the equivalent circuit diagram of which being illustrated in Fig. 2 is realized as shown in Fig. 3. A1 and A2 are two hybrid junctions interconnected by two ferrite phase shifters. As the switching over from one status to the other status must be completed within some 10 ps it has been opted in favour of a latching in guide type phase shifter (see e.g. Ref. No. 1x) for the relative reading. The phase shifters are controlled by a transistor driver, which supplies on command the three current couples necessary for the three output situations.
  • As to the materials, use of lithium ferrite for small peak power values and high average power values is convenient; stabilized garnets for high peak power values and moderate average power values; the magnetisation levels are chosen according to the application frequency.
  • The real application of such an antenna is in monopulse systems which require fast sector scanning of such a frequency that no mechanical solution is possible.
  • x) Ref. 1 Cattarin G., Parodi M. "Sfasatori a rimanenza in guida d'onda: teoria, programma di calcolo, alcune applicazioni." Riv. Tec. Selenia, Vol.7, n.l (17 - 26), 1980.

Claims (2)

1. System for the fast sectional scanning of a bundle of radar antenna monopulses, characterized by the use of an electronic switch.
2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that said switch consists of a phase shifter with ferrite in the remanence, said phase shifter being inserted between two hybrid connections so that said switch generates output signals having predetermined phases and has amplitude control.
EP83106741A 1982-07-08 1983-07-08 System for the electronical sector scanning of the beam of a monopulse radar antenna Ceased EP0098618A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8248781A IT1149015B (en) 1982-07-08 1982-07-08 SYSTEM FOR THE ELECTRONIC SECTOR SCAN OF A SINGLE PULSE RADAR ANTENNA BEAM
IT4878182 1982-07-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0098618A2 true EP0098618A2 (en) 1984-01-18
EP0098618A3 EP0098618A3 (en) 1986-03-19

Family

ID=11268523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106741A Ceased EP0098618A3 (en) 1982-07-08 1983-07-08 System for the electronical sector scanning of the beam of a monopulse radar antenna

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0098618A3 (en)
IT (1) IT1149015B (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3059192A (en) * 1960-03-07 1962-10-16 John L Carter Electronic bilateral ferrite reflection switch
US3525952A (en) * 1968-09-30 1970-08-25 Rca Corp Duplexer having two non-reciprocal phase shifting means
US3877031A (en) * 1973-06-29 1975-04-08 Unied States Of America As Rep Method and apparatus for suppressing grating lobes in an electronically scanned antenna array
US3906508A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-09-16 Rca Corp Multimode horn antenna
US4315266A (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-09 Nasa Spiral slotted phased antenna array

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3059192A (en) * 1960-03-07 1962-10-16 John L Carter Electronic bilateral ferrite reflection switch
US3525952A (en) * 1968-09-30 1970-08-25 Rca Corp Duplexer having two non-reciprocal phase shifting means
US3877031A (en) * 1973-06-29 1975-04-08 Unied States Of America As Rep Method and apparatus for suppressing grating lobes in an electronically scanned antenna array
US3906508A (en) * 1974-07-15 1975-09-16 Rca Corp Multimode horn antenna
US4315266A (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-09 Nasa Spiral slotted phased antenna array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0098618A3 (en) 1986-03-19
IT1149015B (en) 1986-12-03
IT8248781A0 (en) 1982-07-08

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Inventor name: CATTARIN, GIUSEPPE

Inventor name: DI GREGORIO, CARLO

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Inventor name: CAPASSO, GIUSEPPE

Inventor name: ROVEDA, RICCARDO