EP0095704A2 - Air conditioning installation for motor vehicles, particularly for passenger cars - Google Patents

Air conditioning installation for motor vehicles, particularly for passenger cars Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0095704A2
EP0095704A2 EP83105121A EP83105121A EP0095704A2 EP 0095704 A2 EP0095704 A2 EP 0095704A2 EP 83105121 A EP83105121 A EP 83105121A EP 83105121 A EP83105121 A EP 83105121A EP 0095704 A2 EP0095704 A2 EP 0095704A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling water
air conditioning
heat exchanger
circuit
conditioning system
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP83105121A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0095704A3 (en
Inventor
Henryk Dipl.-Ing. Bednarek
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP0095704A2 publication Critical patent/EP0095704A2/en
Publication of EP0095704A3 publication Critical patent/EP0095704A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air conditioning system, in particular for passenger cars, with a heat exchanger which serves as an evaporator for a refrigerant in air conditioning mode and to which the refrigerant can be supplied in gaseous form and under a pressure of 15 to 25 bar in heating mode.
  • the invention described in the previous patent application P 30 47 955.1-21 results in an additional heating which is particularly powerful, particularly in cold weather and a cold engine, with the aid of the parts which are otherwise used as the actual air conditioning system.
  • the aim of the present invention is to expand the possible uses of the previous invention and to improve the effectiveness of the additional heating.
  • the interchangeability of an installed conventional heating system is to be facilitated by the air conditioning system described in the said patent application while maintaining the possibility of additional heating or the reverse replacement of an air conditioning system by a heating system alone.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the refrigerant in the heat exchanger is in temperature communication with the cooling water of the internal combustion engine and that the cooling water is a - in itself knew - air / cooling water heat exchanger flows through which the air entering the passenger compartment is led
  • the basic idea of the present invention is not to directly expose the air to be supplied to the vehicle interior to the refrigerant, but to carry out the temperature treatment of this air indirectly by interposing cooling water from the internal combustion engine.
  • This makes it possible to use the air / cooling water heat exchanger present in a heating system in the air conditioning system.
  • the change from an existing heating system to an air conditioning system essentially only requires the addition of the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger and vice versa.
  • the dimensions and design complexity of the system can also be kept low, since only one heat exchanger (for air / cooling water) has to be arranged in the air flow.
  • the air flow losses of the air conditioning system are also low since only this heat exchanger is flowed through.
  • This basic idea can be realized in different ways. It is therefore possible to always branch off a certain partial flow from the actual cooling water circuit and to guide it through the air / cooling water heat exchanger. If, in order to carry out the air conditioning operation, the cooling water passed through this heat exchanger is to be reduced in temperature, this cooling water flow can be passed through the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger upstream of the heat exchanger, in which case the cooling medium evaporates and thus the temperature of the cooling water drops in the latter is made. Compared to such an air conditioning system, a significant improvement can be achieved if the part of the cooling water of the internal combustion engine flowing through the two heat exchangers forms a circuit which is separated from the actual cooling water circuit in air conditioning operation. The improvement is particularly in the control area.
  • the control itself can advantageously be carried out with the help of a bypass which is parallel to the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger.
  • the cooling water flowing through this heat exchanger and the relatively warmer cooling water in the bypass can now be mixed in the desired manner to the air / cooling water heat exchanger and used to set a desired temperature of the air emerging from this heat exchanger. This ensures that with the help of the cooling water leading through the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger, a certain amount of cold storage is possible in the low-load operation and the heat transfers at the air / cooling water heat exchanger remain as high as possible.
  • the bypass itself can be controlled in various ways. For example, a clock valve in the bypass or a three-way valve at the branch point of the bypass is suitable for this.
  • An improvement in the function of the air conditioning system can also be achieved by an additional pump in the cooling water circuit through the two heat exchangers.
  • this can also support the effect of the cooling water pump, which is usually always present, in heating mode, if the cooling water has a sufficiently high temperature, and for the sufficient flow of air / Ensure cooling water heat exchanger.
  • it is advisable to set the speed of the additional pump complementary to the speed of the internal combustion engine and thus the cooling water pump. This control can be modified according to the temperature requirements of the passenger compartment.
  • both heat exchangers are switched into a circuit of the cooling water that is isolated from the actual cooling water circuit.
  • this operating mode is only necessary and useful until the cooling water for the internal combustion engine has a sufficiently high temperature. If this is the case, the first-mentioned heat exchanger can be supplied with sufficiently heated cooling water by coupling the air / cooling water heat exchanger to the actual cooling water circuit and switching off the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger.
  • the cooling water temperature itself can serve as a criterion for switching on the air / cooling water heat exchanger in the actual cooling water circuit.
  • An encoder which is usually present anyway, can be used for this. In this way it is ensured that the air / cooling water heat exchanger is always flowed through with sufficiently heated cooling water. At the same time, the energy expenditure for heating operation is kept as low as possible.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 each show air conditioning systems with two heat exchangers, by means of which air conditioning operation and an effective, yet energy-saving heating operation are made possible.
  • Each of the air conditioning systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 contains two heat exchangers 1 and 2 for air / cooling water (1) or refrigerant / cooling water (2), which are connected in series in a circuit 3 formed by cooling water of an internal combustion engine (not shown in detail) .
  • This circuit 3 also includes a bypass 4 for the heat exchanger 2 with a clock valve 5 and an additional pump 6.
  • a three-way valve 7 can be provided on the branch of the bypass 4.
  • the heat exchanger 2 is used in a manner known per se as an evaporator for the supplied refrigerant.
  • This evaporator is constructed, for example, in the form of a tube bundle evaporator. This evaporator can be built very compactly if ribbed tubes are used on the inside.
  • the cooling water cooled in the heat exchanger 2 is drawn in by the, for example, electrically driven auxiliary pump 6 and pressed through the heat exchanger 1.
  • the clock valve 5 or the three-way valve 7, which is driven, for example, by an electric motor, is controlled by a controller (not shown) in such a way that by mixing the relatively warmer cooling water in the bypass 4 with the colder cooling water at the outlet of the heat exchanger 2, the cooling water flowing to the heat exchanger 1 corresponds to the current requirement ( Deviation between target and actual).
  • the frost protection which is generally always present makes it possible to cool the cooling by controlling a refrigerant compressor which is usually present, for example by means of a temperature switch T.
  • the compressor for the refrigerant can be switched off when the cooling water falls below a predetermined low temperature. If this temperature is exceeded, the compressor can be switched on again.
  • the heat exchanger 2 is supplied with refrigerant, which is compressed and heated by the compressor to a pressure of 15 to 25 bar.
  • the heat exchanger 2 there is now a heating of the flow through the cooling water, which is conveyed by the additional pump 6 to the heat exchanger 1 and is conveyed back to the heat exchanger 2 by the latter.
  • the air supplied to the passenger compartment is heated in the heat exchanger 1.
  • the bypass 4 is deactivated by the then closed cycle valve 5 or the three-way valve 7 connected to passage AB-B.
  • a further heating operation can also be carried out in this circuit 8 if the cooling water temperature is sufficiently high.
  • Valves 13 and 14 arranged in the dash-dotted connection lines 11 and 12 of the circuits 3 and 8 are effective.
  • the valve 13 is in turn a cycle valve which is switched according to the cooling water requirement of the heat exchanger 1 with regard to the temperature and amount of the cooling water supplied and the valve 14 is then always open.
  • the auxiliary pump 6 is switched off, which then also the heat exchanger 2 is no longer flowed through by cooling water and is therefore ineffective.
  • the compressor for the refrigerant is also switched off.
  • the air supplied to the passenger compartment is heated in the heat exchanger 1 directly by the cooling water discharged from the internal combustion engine through the cooling water pump 9.
  • the flow of this cooling water through the heat exchanger 1 is likewise carried out by the cooling water pump 9.
  • the auxiliary pump 6 is also switched on when the heat exchanger 1 is to be flowed through by cooling water which is branched off from the circuit 8 of the internal combustion engine.
  • This air conditioning system enables sufficient heating operation to be maintained when the cooling water in the circuit 8 is sufficiently heated, for example, even if the cooling water pump 9 does not ensure a sufficiently large cooling water throughput through the heat exchanger 1 when the engine is idling.
  • the cooling water throughput through the heat exchanger 1 is also controlled with the aid of the clock valve 13, which is controlled according to the requirements.
  • the speed of the auxiliary pump 6 is always constant regardless of the internal combustion engine.
  • the circuit 3 is only insulated from the circuit 8 in heating mode and the heat exchanger 2 is effective until the cooling water in the circuit 8 has a sufficiently high temperature.
  • FIG. 3 is very similar in its basic structure to the air conditioning system according to FIG. 2 and for example also the use of the additional pump 6 for supplying the heat exchanger 1 with cooling water from the. Circuit 8 provides.
  • the cooling water flowing into the heat exchanger 1 is not controlled by a Cycle valve 13, but is carried out by controlling the speed of the auxiliary pump 6. In the simplest case, this control can take place complementary to the speed of the internal combustion engine. At a low engine speed, for example when the engine is idling, the auxiliary pump 6 essentially ensures sufficient cooling water throughput through the heat exchanger 1. This has the great advantage that the throttling losses of the clock valve are eliminated.
  • Two three-way valves 15 and 16, which control a bypass 17 for the circuit 3, are used for connecting or disconnecting the circuits 3 and 8 to and from one another.
  • the bypass 17 is switched on during the air conditioning operation and the heating operation in the circuit 3 - the heat exchanger 2 is switched on in both cases.
  • the three-way valves 15 and 16 are in the AB-B position. In heating mode with the help of the cooling water in the circuit 8, however, the three-way valves 15 and 16 are set to position AB-A.
  • the two valves 15 and 16 are operated by a single actuator. This can be a vacuum servo device or a solenoid.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 In order to carry out the air conditioning and the two heating operations without interference, the air conditioning systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are provided with check valves 18, flaps or the like at suitable points.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The air conditioning installation which, in addition to the actual air conditioning operation, also makes possible an (additional) heating operation by means of acting upon the evaporator with compressed, hot coolant gas, is suitable for the implementation of a further energy-saving heating operation, if the evaporator is a coolant/cooling water heat exchanger and the treatment of the air flowing into the vehicle interior takes place in a conventional air/cooling water heat exchanger. During air conditioning and (additional) heating operation, the latter is connected to the coolant/cooling water heat exchanger in a separate cooling water circuit which is insulated from the actual cooling water circuit, and, when the temperature of the cooling water in the actual cooling water circuit is sufficient, is connected to this circuit. At the same time, the coolant/cooling water heat exchanger is then disconnected.

Description

Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge, insbesondere für PersonenkraftwagenAir conditioning systems for motor vehicles, in particular for passenger cars

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Klimaanlage, insbesondere für Personenkraftwagen, mit einem Wärmetauscher, der im Klimabetrieb als Verdampfer für ein Kältemittel dient und dem im Heizbetrieb das Kältemittel gasförmig und unter einem Druck von 15 bis 25 bar zuführbar ist.The invention relates to an air conditioning system, in particular for passenger cars, with a heat exchanger which serves as an evaporator for a refrigerant in air conditioning mode and to which the refrigerant can be supplied in gaseous form and under a pressure of 15 to 25 bar in heating mode.

Durch die in der eigenen früheren Patentanmeldung P 30 47 955.1-21 beschriebene Erfindung ergibt sich eine insbesondere bei kalter Witterung und kaltem Motor besonders leistungsfähige Zusatzheizung mit Hilfe der Teile, die ansonsten als eigentliche Klimaanlage benutzt werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der früheren Erfindung zu erweitern und die Wirksamkeit der Zusatzheizung zu verbessern. Ferner soll die Austauschbarkeit einer installierten konventionellen reinen Heizanlage (mit einem üblicherweise vorhandenen Kühlwasser-/ Luft-Wärmetauscher) durch die in der genannten Patentanmeldung beschriebene Klimaanlage unter Aufrechterhaltung der Möglichkeit einer Zusatzheizung bzw. das umgekehrte Ersetzen einer Klimaanlage durch eine reine Heizanlage erleichtert werden.The invention described in the previous patent application P 30 47 955.1-21 results in an additional heating which is particularly powerful, particularly in cold weather and a cold engine, with the aid of the parts which are otherwise used as the actual air conditioning system. The aim of the present invention is to expand the possible uses of the previous invention and to improve the effectiveness of the additional heating. Furthermore, the interchangeability of an installed conventional heating system (with a usually existing cooling water / air heat exchanger) is to be facilitated by the air conditioning system described in the said patent application while maintaining the possibility of additional heating or the reverse replacement of an air conditioning system by a heating system alone.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist zum Erreichen dieser Ziele dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kältemittel im Wärmetauscher mit dem Kühlwasser der Brennkraftmaschine in Temperaturverbindung steht und daß das Kühlwasser einen - an sich bekannten - Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher durchströmt, über den die in den Fahrgastraum gelangende Luft geführt istTo achieve these goals, the present invention is characterized in that the refrigerant in the heat exchanger is in temperature communication with the cooling water of the internal combustion engine and that the cooling water is a - in itself knew - air / cooling water heat exchanger flows through which the air entering the passenger compartment is led

Grundgedanke der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, die dem Fahrzeuginnenraum zuzuführende Luft nicht direkt dem Kältemittel auszusetzen, sondern die Temperaturbehandlung dieser Luft indirekt durch Zwischenschaltung von Kühlwasser der Brennkraftmaschine vorzunehmen. Dadurch wird es möglich, bei der Klimaanlage den in einer Heizanlage vorhandenen Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher zu verwenden. Der Wechsel von einer vorhandenen Heizanlage zu einer Klimaanlage erfordert im wesentlichen lediglich das Hinzufügen des Kältemittel-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauschers und umgekehrt. Dadurch lassen sich auch die Abmessungen und der Gestaltungsaufwand der Anlage gering halten, da lediglich ein Wärmetauscher (für Luft/Kühlwasser) im Luftstrom angeordnet werden muß. Auch sind die Luft-Strömungsverluste der Klimaanlage gering, da stets nur dieser Wärmetauscher durchströmt wird.The basic idea of the present invention is not to directly expose the air to be supplied to the vehicle interior to the refrigerant, but to carry out the temperature treatment of this air indirectly by interposing cooling water from the internal combustion engine. This makes it possible to use the air / cooling water heat exchanger present in a heating system in the air conditioning system. The change from an existing heating system to an air conditioning system essentially only requires the addition of the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger and vice versa. As a result, the dimensions and design complexity of the system can also be kept low, since only one heat exchanger (for air / cooling water) has to be arranged in the air flow. The air flow losses of the air conditioning system are also low since only this heat exchanger is flowed through.

Dieser Grundgedanke kann auf verschiedene Weise realisiert werden. So ist es möglich, stets einen gewissen Teilstrom aus dem eigentlichen Kühlwasserkreislauf abzuzweigen und über den Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher zu führen. Soll, um den Klimabetrieb durchzuführen, das über diesen Wärmetauscher geführte Kühlwasser temperaturmäßig abgesenkt werden, so kann dieser Kühlwasserstrom vor dem Wärmetauscher durch den Kältemittel-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher geführt werden, wobei dann in dem letztgenannten Wärmetauscher ein Verdampfen des Kühlmittelsund damit eine Temperaturabsenkung des Kühlwassers vorgenommen wird. Gegenüber einer derartigen Klimaanlage läßt sich eine bedeutende Verbesserung erzielen, wenn der die beiden Wärmetauscher durchströmende Teil des Kühlwassers der Brennkraftmaschine im Klimabetrieb einen vom eigentlichen Kühlwasser-Kreislauf abgetrennten Kreislauf bildet. Die Verbesserung liegt insbesondere auf steuerungstechnischem Gebiet.This basic idea can be realized in different ways. It is therefore possible to always branch off a certain partial flow from the actual cooling water circuit and to guide it through the air / cooling water heat exchanger. If, in order to carry out the air conditioning operation, the cooling water passed through this heat exchanger is to be reduced in temperature, this cooling water flow can be passed through the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger upstream of the heat exchanger, in which case the cooling medium evaporates and thus the temperature of the cooling water drops in the latter is made. Compared to such an air conditioning system, a significant improvement can be achieved if the part of the cooling water of the internal combustion engine flowing through the two heat exchangers forms a circuit which is separated from the actual cooling water circuit in air conditioning operation. The improvement is particularly in the control area.

Die Steuerung selbst kann in vorteilhafter Weise mit Hilfe eines Bypaß erfolgen, der zu dem Kältemittel-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher parallel ist. Das durch diesen Wärmetauscher strömende Kühlwasser und das hierzu relativ wärmere Kühlwasser im Bypaß kann nun in gewünschter Weise gemischt dem Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher zugeführt werden und zum Einstellen einer gewünschten Temperatur der aus diesem Wärmetauscher austretenden Luft dienen. Hierdurch wird gewährleistet, daß mit Hilfe des durch den Kältemittel-/ Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher führenden Kühlwassers beim Kälte-Teillastbetrieb eine gewisse Kältespeicherung möglich wird und die Wärmeübergänge am Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher möglichst hoch bleiben.The control itself can advantageously be carried out with the help of a bypass which is parallel to the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger. The cooling water flowing through this heat exchanger and the relatively warmer cooling water in the bypass can now be mixed in the desired manner to the air / cooling water heat exchanger and used to set a desired temperature of the air emerging from this heat exchanger. This ensures that with the help of the cooling water leading through the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger, a certain amount of cold storage is possible in the low-load operation and the heat transfers at the air / cooling water heat exchanger remain as high as possible.

Die Steuerung des Bypaß selbst kann auf verschiedene Weise vorgenommen werden. Beispielsweise eignet sich hierzu ein Taktventil im Bypaß oder aber auch ein Dreiwegeventil an der Abzweigstelle des Bypaß.The bypass itself can be controlled in various ways. For example, a clock valve in the bypass or a three-way valve at the branch point of the bypass is suitable for this.

Eine Verbesserung der Funktion der Klimaanlage kann ferner durch eine Zusatzpumpe im Kreislauf des Kühlwassers durch die beiden Wärmetauscher erreicht werden. Durch geeignete Anbindung dieses Kreislaufs an den eigentlichen Kühlwasser-Kreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine und Positionierung der Zusatzpumpe kann diese auch im Heizbetrieb, wenn das Kühlwasser eine genügend hohe Temperatur besitzt, die Wirkung der in der Regel stets vorhandenen Kühlwasserpumpe unterstützen und für die ausreichende Durchströmung des Luft-/Kühlwasser- Wärmetauschers sorgen. Um einen gleichmäßigen Kühlwasserstrom durch diesen Wärmetauscher zu gewährleisten, bietet es sich an, die Drehzahl der Zusatzpumpe komplementär zur Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und damit der Kühlwasserpumpe einzustellen. Diese Steuerung kann entsprechend den Temperaturerfordernissen des Fahrgastraums modifiziert werden.An improvement in the function of the air conditioning system can also be achieved by an additional pump in the cooling water circuit through the two heat exchangers. By suitable connection of this circuit to the actual cooling water circuit of the internal combustion engine and positioning of the additional pump, this can also support the effect of the cooling water pump, which is usually always present, in heating mode, if the cooling water has a sufficiently high temperature, and for the sufficient flow of air / Ensure cooling water heat exchanger. In order to ensure a uniform cooling water flow through this heat exchanger, it is advisable to set the speed of the additional pump complementary to the speed of the internal combustion engine and thus the cooling water pump. This control can be modified according to the temperature requirements of the passenger compartment.

Mit Hilfe der beiden Wärmetauscher ist neben dem Klimabetrieb auch ein Heizbetrieb auf zwei verschiedene Arten möglich. Eine dieser Arten besteht darin, daß beide Wärmetauscher in einen vom eigentlichen Kühlwasserkreislauf isolierten Kreislauf des Kühlwassers eingeschaltet sind. Diese Betriebsart ist jedoch infolge des dafür erforderlichen zusätzlichen Energieaufwands für den Betrieb des Kompressors zum Erwärmen und Komprimieren des Kältemittels nur solange notwendig und sinnvoll, bis das Kühlwasser für die Brennkraftmaschine eine ausreichend hohe Temperatur besitzt. Ist dies der Fall, so kann durch Ankopplung des Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauschers an den eigentlichen Kühlwasserkreislauf und Ausschalten des Kältemittel-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher der erstgenannte Wärmetauscher mit ausreichend erwärmtem Kühlwasser versorgt werden. Als Kriterium für das Einschalten des Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauschers in den eigentlichen Kühlwasserkreislauf kann die Kühlwassertemperatur selbst dienen. Hierfür kann ein in der Regel ohnehin vorhandener Geber benutzt werden. Auf diese Weise ist gewährleistet, daß der Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher stets mit ausreichend erwärmtem Kühlwasser durchströmt wird. Gleichzeitig wird der Energieaufwand für den Heizbetrieb möglichst gering gehalten.With the help of the two heat exchangers, in addition to air conditioning operation, heating operation is possible in two different ways possible. One of these types is that both heat exchangers are switched into a circuit of the cooling water that is isolated from the actual cooling water circuit. However, due to the additional energy required to operate the compressor for heating and compressing the refrigerant, this operating mode is only necessary and useful until the cooling water for the internal combustion engine has a sufficiently high temperature. If this is the case, the first-mentioned heat exchanger can be supplied with sufficiently heated cooling water by coupling the air / cooling water heat exchanger to the actual cooling water circuit and switching off the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger. The cooling water temperature itself can serve as a criterion for switching on the air / cooling water heat exchanger in the actual cooling water circuit. An encoder, which is usually present anyway, can be used for this. In this way it is ensured that the air / cooling water heat exchanger is always flowed through with sufficiently heated cooling water. At the same time, the energy expenditure for heating operation is kept as low as possible.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Dabei zeigen die Fig. 1 bis 3 jeweils Klimaanlagen mit zwei Wärmetauschern, durch die Klimabetrieb und ein wirksamer und dennoch energiesparender Heizbetrieb ermöglicht wird.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. 1 to 3 each show air conditioning systems with two heat exchangers, by means of which air conditioning operation and an effective, yet energy-saving heating operation are made possible.

Jede der in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Klimaanlagen enthält zwei Wärmetauscher 1 und 2 für Luft/Kühlwasser (1) bzw. Kältemittel/Kühlwasser (2), die in einem von Kühlwasser einer nicht im einzelnen dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine gebildeten Kreislauf 3 hintereinander geschaltet sind. Zu diesem Kreislauf 3 gehört ferner ein Bypaß 4 für den Wärmetauscher 2 mit einem Taktventil 5 sowie eine Zusatzpumpe 6. Alternativ zum Taktventil 5 kann am Abzweig des Bypaß 4 ein Dreiwegeventil 7 vorgesehen sein.Each of the air conditioning systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 contains two heat exchangers 1 and 2 for air / cooling water (1) or refrigerant / cooling water (2), which are connected in series in a circuit 3 formed by cooling water of an internal combustion engine (not shown in detail) . This circuit 3 also includes a bypass 4 for the heat exchanger 2 with a clock valve 5 and an additional pump 6. As an alternative to the clock valve 5, a three-way valve 7 can be provided on the branch of the bypass 4.

Mit Hilfe des in Fig. 1 mit ununterbrochenen Linien eingezeichneten Kreislaufs 3 ist ein Klimabetrieb und ein Heizbetrieb möglich. Dabei wird der Heizbetrieb solange durchgeführt, bis das Kühlwasser im eigentlichen Kühlwasser- kreislauf 8 der Brennkraftmaschine eine hinreichend große Temperatur besitzt. Dieser Kreislauf 8 ist ausschnittsweise und strichliert dargestellt. Er enthält eine Kühlwasserpumpe 9 sowie einen angedeuteten Motorblock 10 der Brennkraftmaschine.With the aid of the circuit 3 drawn in with continuous lines in FIG. 1, air conditioning and heating operation are possible. The heating operation is carried out until the cooling water in the actual cooling water circuit 8 of the internal combustion engine has a sufficiently high temperature. This circuit 8 is shown in sections and in dashed lines. It contains a cooling water pump 9 and an indicated engine block 10 of the internal combustion engine.

Beim Klimabetrieb wird der Wärmetauscher 2 in an sich bekannter Weise als Verdampfer für das zugeführte Kältemittel verwendet. Der Aufbau dieses Verdampfers ist beispielsweise in Form eines Rohrbündelverdampfers vorgenommen. Dieser Verdampfer kann sehr kompakt aufgebaut werden, wenn innen gerippte Rohre verwendet werden. Erste Berechnungen haben ergeben, daß k-Faktoren von k = 974 (W/m2K) bis k = 1744 (W/m2K) realisierbar sind, was bedeutet, daß ein Wärmetauscher bei einer Kälteleistung von 4,6 KW und einen mittleren logarithmischen Temperaturgefälle von hT m = 10[k] mit relativ geringen Außenabmessungen darstellbar ist.In air conditioning operation, the heat exchanger 2 is used in a manner known per se as an evaporator for the supplied refrigerant. This evaporator is constructed, for example, in the form of a tube bundle evaporator. This evaporator can be built very compactly if ribbed tubes are used on the inside. First calculations have shown that k factors from k = 974 (W / m 2 K) to k = 1744 (W / m 2 K) can be realized, which means that a heat exchanger with a cooling capacity of 4.6 KW and one mean logarithmic temperature gradient of h T m = 10 [k] with relatively small external dimensions can be represented.

Das im Wärmetauscher 2 abgekühlte Kühlwasser wird von der bespielsweise elektrisch angetriebenen Zusatzpumpe 6 angesaugt und durch den Wärmetauscher 1 gedrückt. Das Taktventil 5 bzw. das beispielsweise elektromotorisch angetriebene Dreiwegeventil 7 wird von einem nicht dargestellten Regler so angesteuert, daß durch Mischung des relativ wärmeren Kühlwassers im Bypaß 4 mit dem kälteren Kühlwasser am Ausgang des Wärmetauschers 2 das dem Wärmetauscher 1 zufließende Kühlwasser entsprechend der momentanen Erfordernis (Abweichung zwischen Soll und Ist) temperiert wird. Durch die Kältespeicherung in dem den Wärmetauscher 2 enthaltenen Teil des Kreislaufs 3 - der in der Regel stets vorhandene Frostschutz ermöglicht durch Steuern eines üblicherweise vorhandenen Kältemittel-Kompressors, z.B. mittels eines Temperaturschalters T ein Abkühlen des Kühlwassers im Wärmetauscher 2 auf z.B. -20° C - werden bei Kälte-Teillastbetrieb Temperaturspitzen des Kühlwassers im Wärmetauscher 1 vermieden, so daß der üblicherweise bei einer Klimaanlage notwendige Vereisungsschutz entfallen kann. Dennoch können die Wärmeübergänge am Wärmetauscher 1 möglichst hoch bleiben.The cooling water cooled in the heat exchanger 2 is drawn in by the, for example, electrically driven auxiliary pump 6 and pressed through the heat exchanger 1. The clock valve 5 or the three-way valve 7, which is driven, for example, by an electric motor, is controlled by a controller (not shown) in such a way that by mixing the relatively warmer cooling water in the bypass 4 with the colder cooling water at the outlet of the heat exchanger 2, the cooling water flowing to the heat exchanger 1 corresponds to the current requirement ( Deviation between target and actual). By storing the cold in the part of the circuit 3 which contains the heat exchanger 2, the frost protection which is generally always present makes it possible to cool the cooling by controlling a refrigerant compressor which is usually present, for example by means of a temperature switch T. water in the heat exchanger 2 to, for example, -20 ° C., temperature peaks of the cooling water in the heat exchanger 1 are avoided in the case of cold partial load operation, so that the anti-icing protection which is usually necessary in an air conditioning system can be dispensed with. Nevertheless, the heat transfers at the heat exchanger 1 can remain as high as possible.

In diesem Teil des Kreislaufs 3, der den Wärmetauscher 2 enthält, kann der Kompressor für das Kältemittel ausgeschaltet werden, wenn das Kühlwasser eine vorgegebene niedrige Temperatur unterschreitet. Bei überschreiten dieser Temperatur kann der Kompressor wieder zugeschaltet werden.In this part of the circuit 3, which contains the heat exchanger 2, the compressor for the refrigerant can be switched off when the cooling water falls below a predetermined low temperature. If this temperature is exceeded, the compressor can be switched on again.

Mit Hilfe des Kreislaufs 3 ist, wie bereits erwähnt, auch ein Heizbetrieb möglich. Hierbei wird dem Wärmetauscher 2 Kältemittel zugeführt, das durch den Kompressor auf einen Druck von 15 bis 25 bar komprimiert und erhitzt ist. Im Wärmetauscher 2 erfolgt nun eine Erwärmung des durchströmen den Kühlwassers, das durch die Zusatzpumpe 6 zum Wärmetauscher 1 gefördert und von diesem zum Wärmetauscher 2 zurückgefördert wird. Die dem Fahrgastraum zugeführte Luft wird im Wärmetauscher 1 erwärmt. Bei diesem Heizbetrieb ist der Bypaß 4 durch das dann geschlossene Taktventil 5 bzw. das auf Durchgang AB-B geschaltete Dreiwegeventil 7 unwirksam geschaltet.With the help of the circuit 3, as already mentioned, heating operation is also possible. Here, the heat exchanger 2 is supplied with refrigerant, which is compressed and heated by the compressor to a pressure of 15 to 25 bar. In the heat exchanger 2 there is now a heating of the flow through the cooling water, which is conveyed by the additional pump 6 to the heat exchanger 1 and is conveyed back to the heat exchanger 2 by the latter. The air supplied to the passenger compartment is heated in the heat exchanger 1. In this heating mode, the bypass 4 is deactivated by the then closed cycle valve 5 or the three-way valve 7 connected to passage AB-B.

Neben dem Heizbetrieb bei Isolation des Kreislaufs 3 vom eigentlichen Kühlwasser-Kreislauf 8 kann bei ausreichend hoher Temperatur des Kühlwassers in diesem Kreislauf 8 auch ein weiterer Heizbetrieb durchgeführt werden. Hierbei sind in den strichpunktiert eingezeichneten Verbindungsleitungen 11 und 12 der Kreisläufe 3 und 8 angeordnete Ventile 13 und 14 wirksam. Dabei ist das Ventil 13 wiederum ein Taktventil, das entsprechend dem Kühlwasserbedarf des Wärmetauschers 1 hinsichtlich Temperatur und Menge des zugeführten Kühlwassers geschaltet ist und das Ventil 14 dann stets geöffnet. Die Zusatzpumpe 6 ist ausgeschaltet, wodurch dann auch der Wärmetauscher 2 nicht mehr von Kühlwasser durchströmt wird und daher unwirksam ist. Der Kompressor für das Kältemittel ist ebenfalls ausgeschaltet. Bei diesem Heizbetrieb erfolgt die Erwärmung der dem Fahrgastraum zugeführten Luft im Wärmetauscher 1 direkt durch das von der Brennkraftmaschine durch die Kühlwasserpumpe 9 abgeführte Kühlwasser. Die Durchströmung des Wärmetauschers 1 mit diesem Kühlwasser wird hierbei ebenfalls durch die Kühlwasserpumpe 9 durchgeführt.In addition to the heating operation when the circuit 3 is isolated from the actual cooling water circuit 8, a further heating operation can also be carried out in this circuit 8 if the cooling water temperature is sufficiently high. Valves 13 and 14 arranged in the dash-dotted connection lines 11 and 12 of the circuits 3 and 8 are effective. The valve 13 is in turn a cycle valve which is switched according to the cooling water requirement of the heat exchanger 1 with regard to the temperature and amount of the cooling water supplied and the valve 14 is then always open. The auxiliary pump 6 is switched off, which then also the heat exchanger 2 is no longer flowed through by cooling water and is therefore ineffective. The compressor for the refrigerant is also switched off. In this heating mode, the air supplied to the passenger compartment is heated in the heat exchanger 1 directly by the cooling water discharged from the internal combustion engine through the cooling water pump 9. The flow of this cooling water through the heat exchanger 1 is likewise carried out by the cooling water pump 9.

Bei der Klimaanlage nach Fig. 2, die in ihrem grundsätzlichen Aufbau der vorher beschriebenen Klimaanlage entspricht, ist die Zusatzpumpe 6 auch dann eingeschaltet, wenn der Wärmetauscher 1 von Kühlwasser durchströmt werden soll, das aus dem Kreislauf 8 der Brennkraftmaschine abgezweigt wird. Diese Klimaanlage ermöglicht die Aufrechterhaltung eines ausreichenden Heizbetriebs bei hinreichend erwärmtem Kühlwasser im Kreislauf 8 beispielsweise auch dann, wenn die Kühlwasserpumpe 9 im Motorleerlauf einen genügend großen Kühlwasserdurchsatz durch den Wärmetauscher 1 nicht gewährleistet. Bei diesem Heizbetrieb durch das Kühlwasser im Kreislauf 8 erfolgt die Steuerung des Kühlwasserdurchsatzes durch den Wärmetauscher 1 ebenfalls mit Hilfe des Taktventils 13, das entsprechend den Erfordernissen gesteuert wird. Die Drehzahl der Zusatzpumpe 6 ist unabhängig von der Brennkraftmaschine stets konstant. Auch bei dieser Klimaanlage ist der Kreislauf 3 im Heizbetrieb nur solange vom Kreislauf 8 isoliert und der Wärmetauscher 2 wirksam, bis das Kühlwasser im Kreislauf 8 eine hinreichend hohe Temperatur besitzt.2, which corresponds in its basic structure to the previously described air conditioning system, the auxiliary pump 6 is also switched on when the heat exchanger 1 is to be flowed through by cooling water which is branched off from the circuit 8 of the internal combustion engine. This air conditioning system enables sufficient heating operation to be maintained when the cooling water in the circuit 8 is sufficiently heated, for example, even if the cooling water pump 9 does not ensure a sufficiently large cooling water throughput through the heat exchanger 1 when the engine is idling. In this heating operation by the cooling water in the circuit 8, the cooling water throughput through the heat exchanger 1 is also controlled with the aid of the clock valve 13, which is controlled according to the requirements. The speed of the auxiliary pump 6 is always constant regardless of the internal combustion engine. In this air conditioning system, the circuit 3 is only insulated from the circuit 8 in heating mode and the heat exchanger 2 is effective until the cooling water in the circuit 8 has a sufficiently high temperature.

Dasselbe gilt für die Klimaanlage nach Fig. 3, die in ihrem grundsätzlichen Aufbau der Klimaanlage nach Fig. 2 stark ähnelt und beispielsweise ebenfalls die Verwendung der Zusatzpumpe 6 für die Versorgung des Wärmetauschers 1 mit Kühlwasser aus dem. Kreislauf 8 vorsieht. Der Unterschied zu Fig. 2 besteht lediglich darin, daß die Regelung des dem Wärmetauscher 1 zufließenden Kühlwassers nicht durch ein Taktventil 13, sondern durch Drehzahlsteuerung der Zusatzpumpe 6 durchgeführt wird. Diese Steuerung kann im einfachsten Fall komplementär zur Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgen. Bei niedriger Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine, beispielsweise im Motorleerlauf, sorgt im wesentlichen die Zusatzpumpe 6 für einen ausreichenden Kühlwasserdurchsatz durch den Wärmetauscher 1. Dies hat den großen Vorteil, daß die Drosselverluste des Taktventils entfallen. Zum Anbinden bzw. Abtrennen der Kreisläufe 3 und 8 an- bzw. voneinander dienen dabei zwei Dreiwegeventile 15 und 16, die einen Bypaß 17 für den Kreislauf 3 steuern. Während des Klimabetriebs und des Heizbetriebs im Kreislauf 3 - in beiden Fällen ist der Wärmetauscher 2 eingeschaltet - ist der Bypaß 17 eingeschaltet. Die Dreiwegeventile 15 und 16 stehen in der Stellung AB-B. Im Heizbetrieb mit Hilfe des Kühlwassers im Kreislauf 8 hingegen sind die Dreiwegeventile 15 und 16 in Stellung AB-A eingestellt. Die beiden Ventile 15 und 16 werden von einer einzigen Stellvorrichtung betätigt. Dabei kann es sich um eine Unterdruck-Servoeinrichtung oder eine Magnetspule handeln.The same applies to the air conditioning system according to FIG. 3, which is very similar in its basic structure to the air conditioning system according to FIG. 2 and for example also the use of the additional pump 6 for supplying the heat exchanger 1 with cooling water from the. Circuit 8 provides. The only difference from FIG. 2 is that the cooling water flowing into the heat exchanger 1 is not controlled by a Cycle valve 13, but is carried out by controlling the speed of the auxiliary pump 6. In the simplest case, this control can take place complementary to the speed of the internal combustion engine. At a low engine speed, for example when the engine is idling, the auxiliary pump 6 essentially ensures sufficient cooling water throughput through the heat exchanger 1. This has the great advantage that the throttling losses of the clock valve are eliminated. Two three-way valves 15 and 16, which control a bypass 17 for the circuit 3, are used for connecting or disconnecting the circuits 3 and 8 to and from one another. The bypass 17 is switched on during the air conditioning operation and the heating operation in the circuit 3 - the heat exchanger 2 is switched on in both cases. The three-way valves 15 and 16 are in the AB-B position. In heating mode with the help of the cooling water in the circuit 8, however, the three-way valves 15 and 16 are set to position AB-A. The two valves 15 and 16 are operated by a single actuator. This can be a vacuum servo device or a solenoid.

Um den Klima- und die beiden Heizbetriebe störungsfrei durchzuführen, sind die in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Klimaanlagen an geeigneten Stellen mit Rückschlagventilen 18, -klappen oder dgl. versehen.In order to carry out the air conditioning and the two heating operations without interference, the air conditioning systems shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are provided with check valves 18, flaps or the like at suitable points.

Claims (10)

1. Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge, insbesondere für Personenkraftwagen, mit einem Wärmetauscher, der im Klimabetrieb als Verdampfer für ein Kältemittel dient und dem im Heizbetrieb das Kältemittel gasförmig und unter einem Druck von 15 bis 25 bar zuführbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Kältemittel im Wärmetauscher (2) mit dem Kühlwasser der Brennkraftmaschine in Temperaturverbindung steht und daß das Kühlwasser einen - an sich bekannten - Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher (1) durchströmt, über den die in den Fahrgastraum gelangende Luft geführt ist.1. Air conditioning system for motor vehicles, in particular for passenger cars, with a heat exchanger which serves as an evaporator for a refrigerant in air conditioning operation and to which the refrigerant can be supplied in gaseous form and under a pressure of 15 to 25 bar in heating mode, characterized in that the refrigerant in the heat exchanger (2) is in temperature connection with the cooling water of the internal combustion engine and that the cooling water flows through a - known per se - air / cooling water heat exchanger (1) via which the air entering the passenger compartment is guided. 2. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die beiden Wärmetauscher (1 u. 2) durchströmende Teil des Kühlwassers der Brennkraftmaschine im Klimabetrieb einen vom eigentlichen Kühlwasser-Kreislauf (8) abgetrennten Kreislauf (3) bildet.2. Air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the part of the cooling water of the internal combustion engine flowing through the two heat exchangers (1 and 2) forms a circuit (3) separated from the actual cooling water circuit (8) in air conditioning operation. 3. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreislauf (3) des Kühlwassers durch die beiden Wärmetauscher (1 u. 2) eine Zusatzpumpe (6) enthält.3. Air conditioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that the circuit (3) of the cooling water through the two heat exchangers (1 and 2) contains an additional pump (6). 4. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreislauf (3) des Kühlwassers durch die beiden Wärmetauscher (1 u. 2) einem Bypaß (4) für den Kältemittel-/ Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher (2) enthält.4. Air conditioning system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the circuit (3) of the cooling water through the two heat exchangers (1 and 2) contains a bypass (4) for the refrigerant / cooling water heat exchanger (2). 5. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bypaß durch ein Taktventil (5) gesteuert ist.5. Air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that the bypass is controlled by a clock valve (5). 6. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Bypaß durch ein Dreiwegeventil (7) gesteuert ist.6. Air conditioning system according to claim 4, characterized in that the bypass is controlled by a three-way valve (7). 7. Klimaanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kreislauf (3) des Kühlwassers durch die beiden Wärmetauscher (1 und 2) im Heizbetrieb bis zu einer vorgegebenen Temperatur des Kühlwassers vom eigentlichen Kühlwasser-Kreislauf isoliert bleibt.7. Air conditioning system according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the circuit (3) of the cooling water by the two heat exchangers (1 and 2) remains in heating operation up to a predetermined temperature of the cooling water from the actual cooling water circuit. 8. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß oberhalb der vorgegebenen Temperatur des Kühlwassers im eigentlichen Kühlwasser-Kreislauf (8) der Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher ( 1) in den Kühlwasser- Kreislauf (8) eingeschaltet und der Kältemittel-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher (2) ausgeschaltet ist.8. Air conditioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that above the predetermined temperature of the cooling water in the actual cooling water circuit (8), the air / cooling water heat exchanger (1) in the cooling water circuit (8) and the refrigerant / cooling water -The heat exchanger (2) is switched off. 9. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zusatzpumpe (6) auch im Heizbetrieb Kühlwasser durch den Luft-/Kühlwasser-Wärmetauscher (1) fördert.9. Air conditioning system according to claim 8, characterized in that the additional pump (6) promotes cooling water through the air / cooling water heat exchanger (1) even in heating mode. 10. Klimaanlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehzahl der Zusatzpumpe (6) komplementär zur Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine eingestellt ist.10. Air conditioning system according to claim 9, characterized in that the speed of the auxiliary pump (6) is set complementary to the speed of the internal combustion engine.
EP83105121A 1982-05-27 1983-05-24 Air conditioning installation for motor vehicles, particularly for passenger cars Withdrawn EP0095704A3 (en)

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DE19823219950 DE3219950A1 (en) 1982-05-27 1982-05-27 AIR CONDITIONING FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, ESPECIALLY FOR PERSONAL VEHICLES
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JPS58218416A (en) 1983-12-19
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