EP0095513A1 - Vertical type pressure casting method - Google Patents
Vertical type pressure casting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0095513A1 EP0095513A1 EP82104661A EP82104661A EP0095513A1 EP 0095513 A1 EP0095513 A1 EP 0095513A1 EP 82104661 A EP82104661 A EP 82104661A EP 82104661 A EP82104661 A EP 82104661A EP 0095513 A1 EP0095513 A1 EP 0095513A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- melt
- gates
- cavities
- plunger tip
- tip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
- B22D17/12—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled with vertical press motion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vertical type pressure casting method used for accurately casting aluminum alloy products, comprising the steps of closing gates communicating with the cavities of clamped molds with a counter-tip, pouring melt into the portion of the interior of a sleeve which is between the counter-tip and a lifted plunger tip, displacing the counter-tip to open the gates and allow the melt to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity, and thereafter pressure-filling the cavities with the melt using the plunger tip, and more particularly to a vertical type pressure casting method comprising the steps of first lowering a plunger tip, subsequently displacing a counter-tip before the plunger tip reaches the melt in the sleeve to open the gates to the cavities and allow the melt to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity, and thereafter pressurizing the melt to fill the cavities, the melt being thus injected into the cavities calmly and continuously at a low rate to prevent gas from being sucked therein, the cross-sectional area of the gates being set so that the ratio of the volume
- the speed, at which the plunger tip moves down is set to a level between the upper limit level in an upper limit speed curve R 1 , above which the plunger tip 9 moves down too fast and reaches the upper surface of the melt 15 in the sleeve 5 to start the pressure-filling operation before the gates 4 have been opened by the counter tip 7, and a lower limit level in a lower limit speed curve R 2 , above which the plunger tip 9 reaches the upper surface of the melt 15 in the sleeve 5 after the gates 4 have been fully opened by the counter tip 7 allowing the melt 15 to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity until the flow of melt has stopped, whereby the melt 15 can be fed to the cavities calmly and continuously at a low rate.
- the percentage of the melt to be fed into the cavities by the force of gravity before the plunger tip 9 reaches the upper surface of the melt 15 in the sleeve 5 is set to 20-70, and the speed of the melt through the gates during the feeding of the melt to the cavities by the force of gravity to not less than 0.1 m/sec with the speed of the melt through the gates when pressure-filling the cavities using the plunger tip 9 set to 0.4-0.8 m/sec.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a vertical type pressure casting method used for accurately casting aluminum alloy products, comprising the steps of closing gates communicating with the cavities of clamped molds with a counter-tip, pouring melt into the portion of the interior of a sleeve which is between the counter-tip and a lifted plunger tip, displacing the counter-tip to open the gates and allow the melt to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity, and thereafter pressure-filling the cavities with the melt using the plunger tip, and more particularly to a vertical type pressure casting method comprising the steps of first lowering a plunger tip, subsequently displacing a counter-tip before the plunger tip reaches the melt in the sleeve to open the gates to the cavities and allow the melt to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity, and thereafter pressurizing the melt to fill the cavities, the melt being thus injected into the cavities calmly and continuously at a low rate to prevent gas from being sucked therein, the cross-sectional area of the gates being set so that the ratio of the volume of the products to the cross-sectional area of the gates is 20-40 (voluτe of products (cm3)/cross-sectional area of gates (cm2) = 20-40), the speed of the plunger tip and the length of time between commencing the downward movement of the plunger tip and opening the gates being set to an optimum level determined in relation to the temperatures of the molds and melt, a percentage of the melt to be fed into the cavities by the force of gravity before the plunger tip reaches the melt in the sleeve being set to 20-70,if the plunger tip does not move the percentage of the melt which is to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity alone being set to not less than 30%, the speed of the melt through the gates when pressure-filling the cavities with the plunger tip being set to 0.4-0.8 m/sec.
- As is generally known, there are various kinds of cast products. Among these, cast products of a light alloy such as aluminum alloy have generally been manufactured by gravity casting, low-pressure casting and pressure die casting.
- However, because of the following problems, these casting methods do not yield high quality cast products and the productivity cannot be improved.
- In gravity casting and low-pressure casting, the melt is not forcibly pressurized, so that so-called shrinkage holes occur in it in the solidifying step. Consequently, sound products cannot be obtained. Moreover, the solidifying rate in these casting methods is low, decreasing the productivity.
- In pressure die casting, the sleeve-charging percentage is 50 - 70, and, moreover, the melt is introduced into cavities under pressure at a high rate. Accordingly, the gas in certain portions of the passage for the melt, such as gates, and in the cavities is liable to mix with the melt, decreasing the reliability of the quality of the products.
- With a view to eliminating the above-mentioned inconveniences, a vertical type die casting method has been developed, which has a sleeve-charging percentage of 100, and in which the melt is pressurized without mixing with gas in the gates and cavities. However, this casting method also has some problems which have not yet been completely solved with respect to soft materials for obtaining high-quality products, namely the casting conditions and a casting program in relation to the casting mechanism. Thus, the advantages of this casting method cannot be utilized effectively.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent vertical type pressure casting method, which has been developed in view of the problems with the above-mentioned vertical type casting method, which was developed to supersede the existing casting method using metal molds, and which has various, advantages but does not give full play to its functions. The casting conditions include the speed of the plunger and the temperatures of the molds and melt, and the design conditions include the percentage of melt to be introduced into cavities by the force of gravity, and the cross-sectional area of gates in the method according to the present invention being set to levels in optimum ranges with respect to one another, whereby highly reliable high-quality products can be cast.
- The accompanying drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical type pressure casting apparatus;
- Figs. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the process for pouring the melt through gates into cavities;
- Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relation between the speed of downward movement of the plunger tip and the length of a period of time from the commencement of downward movement of the plunger unit and the opening of the gates by a counter-tip; and
- Fig. 6 is a graph showing percentages of inferior products in the embodiment and a conventional method.
- An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- Fig. 1 shows a vertical type pressure casting apparatus used in the method according to the present invention. A lower mold 1 and an
upper mold 2 are clamped together to formcavities Gates 4 for thecavities counter-tip 7 connected to ahydraulic cylinder 6, and aplunger tip 9 connected to ahydraulic cylinder 8 are provided opposing each other in lower and upper positions, respectively, in the sleeve 5 such that thecounter-tip 7 andplunger tip 9 can be moved up and down therein. A solenoid in a changer-overvalve 10 connected tohydraulic cylinder 6 is controlled by alimit switch 12 with respect to a dog provided on the rod ofplunger tip 9. - The
melt 15 is poured from amelt inlet port 13 into the sleeve 5 by aladle 14. - The above apparatus is designed so that the ratio of the volume (an3) of the product to the cross-sectional area (cm2) of the
gates 4, which is one of the construction parameters of the apparatus, is 20-40. - The operational conditions and program for the present invention to be practiced by using the apparatus of this construction are set to attain the following: The
plunger tip 9 is moved downward to lower thecounter-tip 7 through the dog 11 andlimit switch 12. The relation between the speed V m/sec at which theplunger tip 9 moves downward and the length of time T sec from the commencement of the downward movement of theplunger tip 9 to the opening of thegates 4 by thecounter tip 7, is set to an optimal value with reference to the information shown in Fig. 5. Namely, the speed, at which the plunger tip moves down is set to a level between the upper limit level in an upper limit speed curve R1, above which theplunger tip 9 moves down too fast and reaches the upper surface of themelt 15 in the sleeve 5 to start the pressure-filling operation before thegates 4 have been opened by thecounter tip 7, and a lower limit level in a lower limit speed curve R2, above which theplunger tip 9 reaches the upper surface of themelt 15 in the sleeve 5 after thegates 4 have been fully opened by thecounter tip 7 allowing themelt 15 to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity until the flow of melt has stopped, whereby themelt 15 can be fed to the cavities calmly and continuously at a low rate. - According to the experimental results, the percentage distribution of acceptable cast products with respect to the whole number of cast products obtained under different conditions is as shown in the data in Fig. 5.
- A: not less than 90% B: 50-90%
- C: 20-50% D: not more than 20%
- This relation between the speed of the plunger tip and the length of a period of time between the commencement of the downward movement of the plunger and the opening of the gates can also be set differently by varying not only the cross-sectional area of the gates but also the temperatures of the molds and melt.
- After the cross-sectional area of the gates and the temperatures of the molds and melt have been determined, the percentage of the melt to be fed into the cavities by the force of gravity before the
plunger tip 9 reaches the upper surface of themelt 15 in the sleeve 5 is set to 20-70, and the speed of the melt through the gates during the feeding of the melt to the cavities by the force of gravity to not less than 0.1 m/sec with the speed of the melt through the gates when pressure-filling the cavities using theplunger tip 9 set to 0.4-0.8 m/sec. - The molds are clamped as shown in Fig. 1 with the casting apparatus set in accordance with the above-mentioned casting conditions and program, and the
hydraulic cylinder 6 is actuated to close thegates 4 with thecounter-tip 4. Thehydraulic cylinder 8 is then actuated to set theplunger tip 9 to an initial attitude position. - A predetermined amount of
melt 15 is then poured from amelt inlet port 13 into the sleeve 5, and a button for a control unit (not shown) is pressed to actuate thehydraulic cylinder 8 to start the casting operation in accordance with the casting conditions and program referred to above. - First, when the
plunger tip 9 starts being moved downward at a predetermined speed with the dog 11 coming into contact with thelimit switch 12, thecounter-tip 7 is moved downward at a predetermined time by operation of the change-overvalve 10 before theplunger tip 9 has reached the upper surface of themelt 15 in the sleeve 5 as shown in Fig. 2, in accordance with the relation between the set speed and time shown in Fig. 5, to open thegates 4. Themelt 15 then starts flowing from thegates 4 into thecavities 3 by the force of gravity. - After a predetermined period of time has passed, the
plunger tip 9 reaches the upper surface of the melt 15 (which is, of course, flowing into the cavities by the force of gravity) in the sleeve 5. At this time, the percentage of the melt placed in the cavities is 20-70 as mentioned above. - The melt-feeding by the force of gravity is then changed to pressure-filling as shown in Fig. 4. The speed of the melt through the gates during pressure-filling by the
plunger tip 9 is set to 0.4-0.8 m/sec as mentioned above. - Thus, in the casting operation as a whole according to the present invention, the
melt 15 in the sleeve 5 is fed into the cavities by its own weight, i.e. by the force of gravity, in the initial stage, and under pressure by theplunger tip 9 before the gravity-feeding operation has finished. Since this casting operation is conducted in accordance with the above-mentioned numerically limited conditions and program, themelt 15 fills thecavities 3 relative calmly and continuously at a low rate without permitting gas to enter the melt. - When the ratio of the volume (cm3) of products at the
gates 4 to the cross-sectional area (an2) of the gates is less than 20, the melt flows into the cavities by its own weight too quickly, or the gravity-feeding time becomes short, so that the optimum range is narrow. When this ratio exceeds 40, the injection of the melt into the cavities by the force of gravity progresses too slowly, and the percentage of melt put in the cavities by the force of gravity becomes low, so that the melt which has passed through the gates is disordered, causing gas to mix the melt and cold shut to occur. - When a point representing the relation between the speed of
plunger tip 9 and the length of the period of time between the commencement of a downward movement of theplunger tip 9 and the opening of the gates by thecounter-tip 7 is above the maximum speed curve shown in Fig. 5, the pressure-filling operation starts too early as mentioned before. When this point is below the minimum speed curve, the filling of the melt by the force of gravity stops, before the pressure-filling operation starts. Either of these cases yields defective cast products. - When a gravity-feeding operation is shifted to a pressure-filling operation, the melt should be placed in the cavities relative smoothyl, quietly, at a low rate, and in a continuous manner. When the percentage of the melt which flows into the cavities by the force of gravity, a gravity-feeding percentage, is lower than 20, the pressure-filling operation starts too early. When this percentage exceeds 70, the gravity-feeding operation is carried out excessively. Therefore, in either of these cases, the gravity-feeding operation cannot be shifted to the pressure-filling opera- tion immediately and smoothly, so that gas mix the melt and cold shut occurs.
- When this casting apparatus is designed so that, a pressure-filling operation is not conducted during a gravity-feeding operation only, i.e. the melt flows into the cavities by only the force of gravity, a percentage of melt to be placed in the cavities by the force of gravity is set to at least 30 and then pressure filling is conducted supplementarily. When the percentage of melt to be placed in the cavities by the force of gravity is set in this manner, gas can be prevented from entering the products.
- Consequently, when the casting apparatus is designed so that the percentage of melt to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity only is below 30, the pressure-filling operation is conducted excessively. In this case, no optimum range of casting conditions is available.
- When the speed of the melt through the gates during the pressure-filling operation is below 0.4 m/sec, the melt does not flow in a satisfactory manner, and when this speed exceeds 0.8 m/sec, a gas enters the melt.
- A comparison between the results in different modes M of casting methods, namely a conventional methold L of die casting and a method L2 used in an experiment conducted in accordance with the above embodiment of the present invention, the percentage E of inferior products, especially, a percentage F of inferior products due to the leakage of pressure and a percentage G of inferior products which fail to pass an X-ray inspection, shows as is clear from Fig. 6 that the percentages F, G in the method Ll are far higher than those in the method L2, the casting method according to the present invention permits obtaining extremely good products.
- As described above, by the present invention faultless products which have basically high quality can be manufactured, and it has excellent effect.
- Moreover, the casting conditions and program can be set or determined easily, and the time and cost for conducting experiments and modifying the metal molds can be reduced to a remarkable extent.
- Since the gates are formed in such a manner that a ratio of volume (cm3) of products to a cross-sectional area of the gates (cm2) is 20-40, gas does not mix in the melt, and no cold shut occurs. Therefore, faultless products can be obtained.
- The speed at which the plunger tip is moved down until the counter-tip is displaced to open the gates is set to an optimum level which makes the plunger tip to reach the upper surface of the melt in the sleeve between the time the melt starts flowing into the cavities by the force of gravity, and the time, at which the gravity-feeding of the melt is finished. Accordingly, a very high percentage of satisfactory products can be obtained.
- When the casting program, in which a percentage of the melt to be placed in the cavities by the force of gravity only is set to not less than 30%, is prepared experimentally such that the percentage of the melt to flow into the cavities by the force of gravity before the plunger tip reaches the upper surface of the melt in the sleeve is 20-70, an operation for feeding the melt into the cavities by the force of gravity can be shifted relative smoothly, quietly, at a low rate and in a continuous manner to an operation for pressure-filling the cavities therewith. This allows faultless products to be obtained.
- Since the speed of the melt through the gates during the pressure-filling operation is set to 0.4-0.8 m/sec, gas does not enter the cavities, and the melt can be put in the cavities in a desired manner as mentioned above.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8282104661T DE3272131D1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1982-05-27 | Vertical type pressure casting method |
EP82104661A EP0095513B1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1982-05-27 | Vertical type pressure casting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP82104661A EP0095513B1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1982-05-27 | Vertical type pressure casting method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0095513A1 true EP0095513A1 (en) | 1983-12-07 |
EP0095513B1 EP0095513B1 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
Family
ID=8189057
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82104661A Expired EP0095513B1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1982-05-27 | Vertical type pressure casting method |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0095513B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3272131D1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994002271A1 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-03 | Hi-Tec Metals Limited | A moulding device |
GB2283445A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1995-05-10 | Hi Tec Metals Ltd | A moulding device |
GB2286786A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-30 | New Pro Foundries Limited | Metal composite casting |
AU665015B2 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1995-12-14 | Papervision Limited | A moulding device |
GB2299534B (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1998-04-22 | New Pro Foundries Limited | Metal composite casting method |
ES2774396A1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-20 | Diepress Tech S L U | INJECTION EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL PIECES IN MOLD AND INJECTION PROCESS FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2705607A1 (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1979-01-04 | Ube Industries | Vertical die casting machine - having two:part casting sleeve with lower movable out of alignment for charging |
-
1982
- 1982-05-27 EP EP82104661A patent/EP0095513B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-27 DE DE8282104661T patent/DE3272131D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2705607A1 (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1979-01-04 | Ube Industries | Vertical die casting machine - having two:part casting sleeve with lower movable out of alignment for charging |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994002271A1 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1994-02-03 | Hi-Tec Metals Limited | A moulding device |
GB2283445A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1995-05-10 | Hi Tec Metals Ltd | A moulding device |
AU665015B2 (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1995-12-14 | Papervision Limited | A moulding device |
GB2283445B (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1996-03-06 | Hi Tec Metals Ltd | A moulding device |
US5611387A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1997-03-18 | Hi-Tec Metals Limited | Moulding device |
GB2286786A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-30 | New Pro Foundries Limited | Metal composite casting |
GB2299534B (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1998-04-22 | New Pro Foundries Limited | Metal composite casting method |
ES2774396A1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-20 | Diepress Tech S L U | INJECTION EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL PIECES IN MOLD AND INJECTION PROCESS FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
WO2021170894A1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-09-02 | Diepress Tech S.L.U. | Injection device for producing metal pieces in a mould and injection method for said production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3272131D1 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
EP0095513B1 (en) | 1986-07-23 |
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