EP0087605B1 - Coaxial connection for two conductors - Google Patents

Coaxial connection for two conductors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0087605B1
EP0087605B1 EP83100993A EP83100993A EP0087605B1 EP 0087605 B1 EP0087605 B1 EP 0087605B1 EP 83100993 A EP83100993 A EP 83100993A EP 83100993 A EP83100993 A EP 83100993A EP 0087605 B1 EP0087605 B1 EP 0087605B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tension rod
arrangement according
conductors
conductor
annular elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83100993A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0087605A1 (en
Inventor
Karlheinz Dipl.-Ing. Holland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kabel Rheydt AG
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AEG Kabel AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0087605A1 publication Critical patent/EP0087605A1/en
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of the type described in the preamble of claim 1 and known from DE-A-10 40 100.
  • connection must have low electrical resistance and high tensile strength.
  • the cross sections of the ends of two conductors to be connected are graded in the axial direction so that there is a relatively long overlap area in which the conductor ends are pressed together by a plurality of ring elements in such a way that a connection is formed whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the connecting conductor ends.
  • the wire ends have to be cut to size.
  • the axial overlap length of the conductors to be connected must be long if sufficient tensile strength and a low contact resistance are to be achieved.
  • a connection between electrical conductors 2 is known, which are pressed with a tie rod 4 arranged coaxially to the hollow ends of the conductors by ring elements 5, which are arranged over depressions in the tie rod 4 are. Portions of the conductor 2 and the tie rod 4 are pressed together by deformation through the ring elements so that the current conduction of the conductor 2 separated by a gap takes place via the ring anchor.
  • the compression sleeves or rings can be pressed together to such an extent that a conductor-identical connection can be made.
  • the nesting of the conductor ends over the entire area of the connection point, where the compression sleeves or rings come to lie has considerable disadvantages.
  • the ends of the conductors have to be cut to length in the longitudinal direction over the entire area of the compression sleeves or rings.
  • the axial contact length of the conductors to be connected extends over a long range in order to produce the necessary mechanical strength and to achieve sufficient electrical contact by means of conductor ends lying one above the other mainly in the longitudinal direction.
  • the axial length of the conductor contact surface crucially determines the overall length and the required insulation effort for the completed cable connection, for example in the case of a cable sleeve.
  • FIG. 1 the connection point 3 of the ends of two Milliken conductors 1 and 2 is shown before the pressing.
  • a Milliken conductor is a conductor designed as a waveguide, which consists of stranded conductor elements and in the hollow channel of which a cooling or impregnating liquid flows.
  • the two wire ends are cut to match each other.
  • the cut surfaces can be designed obliquely as in FIG. 1, vertically or step-like.
  • the tie rod 4 is pushed into the hollow channels 6 of the conductors 1 and 2. 37, 8 and 9 are pushed onto the conductor ends, the middle ring element 8 coming to lie over the connection point 3. With this the conductor contact will be effected later. Instead of a single ring element 8, several shorter ones can also be used.
  • the outer ring elements 7 and 9 the positive mechanical connection of the tie rod 4 with the conductor ends 1 and 2 is achieved later.
  • the outer ring elements 7 and 9 are primarily designed to absorb mechanical forces, while the middle ring element 8 should advantageously consist of a material with good electrical conductivity.
  • the tie rod 4 is machined in the axial direction at its ends 10 so that it can enter into a positive connection with the pressed-on conductor ends. This can e.g. by roughening, creasing or the like.
  • the tie rod 4 has a smooth surface in its central part, so that the elastic expansion of the tie rod is not hindered when the ring elements are pressed. Its tensile strength must be so great that it can additionally absorb the axial contact pressure which arises when the middle ring element is pressed on.
  • the tie rod 4 is hollow with a passage 5. 1, the ring elements 7, 8, 9 are pressed radially inwards.
  • the anchor ends 10 are connected to the conductor ends 1 and 2 in a form-fitting manner by the surrounding ring elements 7 and 9. These ring elements are compressed up to the conductor diameter. In the area of the inner ring element 8, the conductor elements are radially compressed to such an extent that there is a material flow in the axial direction, whereby the conductor ends 1 and 2 are contacted with high pressure. The elastic expansion of the tie rod 4 supports the maintenance of the contact pressure.
  • the tie rod 4 has a flange 13 in its center, as a result of which the two conductor ends 11 and 12 are kept at a distance from one another.
  • the tie rod 4 ' is pressed tensile at its ends 10' with the conductor ends 11 and 12 by means of the end regions 7 'and 9' of the compression sleeve 15.
  • the conductive material 14 is pressed to produce a conductor contact.
  • the radial compression of the two conductors to be connected is somewhat less at this point than at the level of the anchor ends.
  • the electrical contact is made primarily via the axial extension of the conductive material 14.
  • the compression sleeve 15 is radially compressed to the extent that the diameter of the connection point is equal to the diameter of the conductor to be connected.

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  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bezeichneten und nach der DE-A-10 40 100 bekannten Art.The invention relates to an arrangement of the type described in the preamble of claim 1 and known from DE-A-10 40 100.

Solche Verbindungen müssen einen niedrigen elektrischen Widerstand und eine hohe Zugfestigkeit aufweisen. bei der bekannten Verbindung werden die Querschnitte der Enden zweier zu verbindender Leiter in axialer Richtung so abgestuft, daß sich ein relativ langer Überlappungsbereich ergibt, in welchem die Leiterenden durch mehrere Ringelemente derart aufeinandergepreßt werden, daß eine Verbindung entsteht, deren Durchmesser gleich dem Durchmesser der zu verbindenden Leiterenden ist.Such connections must have low electrical resistance and high tensile strength. in the known connection, the cross sections of the ends of two conductors to be connected are graded in the axial direction so that there is a relatively long overlap area in which the conductor ends are pressed together by a plurality of ring elements in such a way that a connection is formed whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the connecting conductor ends.

Die Leiterenden müssen aufwendig zugeschnitten werden. Die axiale Überlappungslänge der zu verbindenden Leiter muß groß sein, wenn eine ausreichende Zugfestigkeit und ein niedriger Übergangswiderstand erzielt werden sollen.The wire ends have to be cut to size. The axial overlap length of the conductors to be connected must be long if sufficient tensile strength and a low contact resistance are to be achieved.

In einer nach DE-B-10 40100 bekannten Verbindungsart wird eine solche Preßverbindung für elektrische Starkstromkabel beschrieben. Dort werden die Leiterenden zweier zu verbindender Kabellängen durch mehrere Preßhüllen bzw. -ringe aus Kupfer miteinander verbunden.In a type of connection known from DE-B-10 40100, such a press connection for electrical power cables is described. There, the conductor ends of two cable lengths to be connected are connected to one another by a plurality of copper press sleeves or rings.

Aus der FR-A-103 958 ist, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, eine Verbindung zwischen elektrischen Leitern 2 bekannt, welche mit einem koaxial zu den hohlen Enden der Leiter angeordneten Zuganker 4 durch Ringelemente 5 verpreßt sind, die über Vertiefungen im Zuganker 4 angeordnet sind. Durch die Ringelemente sind aneinanderliegende Abschnitte des Leiters 2 und des Zugankers 4 durch Verformung so verpreßt, daß die Stromleitung der durch einen Spalt getrennten Leiter 2 über den Ringanker erfolgt.From FR-A-103 958, as shown in Figure 1, a connection between electrical conductors 2 is known, which are pressed with a tie rod 4 arranged coaxially to the hollow ends of the conductors by ring elements 5, which are arranged over depressions in the tie rod 4 are. Portions of the conductor 2 and the tie rod 4 are pressed together by deformation through the ring elements so that the current conduction of the conductor 2 separated by a gap takes place via the ring anchor.

Zur Erzielung einer möglichst geometrischen Homogenität der Verbindungsstelle können die Preßhülsen bzw. -ringe soweit zusammengepreßt werden, daß eine leitergleiche Verbindung hergestellt werden kann.In order to achieve a geometrical homogeneity of the connection point as far as possible, the compression sleeves or rings can be pressed together to such an extent that a conductor-identical connection can be made.

Die Verschachtelung der Leiterenden über den ganzen Bereich der Verbindungsstelle, wo die Preßhülsen bzw. -ringe zu liegen kommen, bringt aber erhebliche Nachteile mit sich. So müssen die Leiterenden zueinander passend in Längsrichtung über den ganzen Bereich der Preßhülsen bzw. -ringe aufwendig zugeschnitten werden. Die axiale Berührungslänge der zu verbindenden Leiter erstreckt sich über einen langen Bereich, um die notwendige mechanische Festigkeit herzustellen, und um eine ausreichende elektrische Kontaktierung durch hauptsächlich in Längsrichtung übereinanderliegende Leiterenden zu erzielen.However, the nesting of the conductor ends over the entire area of the connection point, where the compression sleeves or rings come to lie, has considerable disadvantages. For example, the ends of the conductors have to be cut to length in the longitudinal direction over the entire area of the compression sleeves or rings. The axial contact length of the conductors to be connected extends over a long range in order to produce the necessary mechanical strength and to achieve sufficient electrical contact by means of conductor ends lying one above the other mainly in the longitudinal direction.

Die axiale Länge der Leiterberührungsoberfläche bestimmt aber entscheidend die Baulänge und den erforderlichen Isolationsaufwand bei der fertiggestellten Kabelverbindung, beispielsweise bei einer Kabelmuffe.However, the axial length of the conductor contact surface crucially determines the overall length and the required insulation effort for the completed cable connection, for example in the case of a cable sleeve.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt im Schnitt zwei für die Herstellung der Verbindung vorbereitete Leiterenden.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt im Schnitt die fertiggestellte Verbindung.
  • Fig. 3 zeigt eine Variante der

erfindungsgemäßen Lösung.The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • Fig. 1 shows in section two conductor ends prepared for the establishment of the connection.
  • Fig. 2 shows in section the completed connection.
  • Fig. 3 shows a variant of the

solution according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist die Verbindungsstelle 3 der Enden zweier Milliken-Leiter 1 und 2 vor der Verpressung dargestellt. Ein Milliken-Leiter ist ein als Hohlleiter ausgebildeter Leiter, der aus verseilten Leiterelementen besteht und in dessen Hohlkanal eine Kühl- oder Imprägnierflüssigkeit fließt. Die beiden Leiterenden sind passend zu einander geschnitten. Die Schnittflächen können schräg wie in Fig. 1, senkrecht oder stufenfärmig gestaltet sein. Der Zuganker 4 ist in die Hohlkanäle 6 der Leiter 1 und 2 geschoben. Auf die Leiterenden sind 37, 8 und 9 aufgeschoben, wobei das mittlere Ringelement 8 über der Verbindungsstelle 3 zu liegen kommt. Mit diesem wird später die Leiterkontaktierung bewirkt. Anstelle eines einzigen Ringelements 8 können auch mehrere kürzere verwendet werden. Mittels der äußeren Ringelemente 7 und 9 wird später die formschlüssige mechanische Verbindung des Zugankers 4 mit den Leiterenden 1 und 2 erzielt.In Fig. 1, the connection point 3 of the ends of two Milliken conductors 1 and 2 is shown before the pressing. A Milliken conductor is a conductor designed as a waveguide, which consists of stranded conductor elements and in the hollow channel of which a cooling or impregnating liquid flows. The two wire ends are cut to match each other. The cut surfaces can be designed obliquely as in FIG. 1, vertically or step-like. The tie rod 4 is pushed into the hollow channels 6 of the conductors 1 and 2. 37, 8 and 9 are pushed onto the conductor ends, the middle ring element 8 coming to lie over the connection point 3. With this the conductor contact will be effected later. Instead of a single ring element 8, several shorter ones can also be used. By means of the outer ring elements 7 and 9, the positive mechanical connection of the tie rod 4 with the conductor ends 1 and 2 is achieved later.

Es ist zweckmäßig, die Wandstärke und die Materialfestigkeit der Ringelemente so zu wählen, daß der Füllfaktor der Leiter der außerhalb des Verbindungsbereichs ca. 60 - 80 % ist, auf nahezu 100 0/0 erhöht wird.It is advisable to choose the wall thickness and the material strength of the ring elements in such a way that the fill factor of the conductors, which is approximately 60-80% outside the connection area, is increased to almost 100 0/0 .

Die äußeren Ringelemente 7 und 9 sind vornehmlich für die Aufnahme mechanischer Kräfte ausgebildet, während das mittlere Ringelement 8 vorteilhaft aus einem Material guter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit bestehen sollte.The outer ring elements 7 and 9 are primarily designed to absorb mechanical forces, while the middle ring element 8 should advantageously consist of a material with good electrical conductivity.

Der Zuganker 4 ist in axialer Richtung an seinen Enden 10 so bearbeitet, daß er dort eine formschlüssige Verbindung mit den aufgepreßten Leiterenden eingehen kann. Dies kann z.B. durch Aufrauhung, Rillen oder Ähnliches geschehen.The tie rod 4 is machined in the axial direction at its ends 10 so that it can enter into a positive connection with the pressed-on conductor ends. This can e.g. by roughening, creasing or the like.

Der Zuganker 4 hat in seinem Mittelteil eine glatte Oberfläche, damit die elastische Dehnung des Zugankers bei der Verpressung der Ringelemente nicht behindert wird. Seine Zugfestigkeit muß so groß sein, daß er den beim Aufpressen des mittleren Ringelements entstehenden axialen Kontaktierungsdruck zusätzlich auffangen kann.The tie rod 4 has a smooth surface in its central part, so that the elastic expansion of the tie rod is not hindered when the ring elements are pressed. Its tensile strength must be so great that it can additionally absorb the axial contact pressure which arises when the middle ring element is pressed on.

Damit der Durchfluß einer Flüssigkeit nicht behindert wird, ist der Zuganker 4 rohrförmig hohl mit einem Durchlaß 5 ausgelegt. Nach der Vorbereitung der Verbindungsstelle gemäß Fig. 1 werden die Ringelemente 7, 8, 9 radial nach innen verpreßt.So that the flow of a liquid is not hindered, the tie rod 4 is hollow with a passage 5. 1, the ring elements 7, 8, 9 are pressed radially inwards.

In Fig. 2 ist die fertiggestellte Verbindungsstelle dargestellt. Die Ankerenden 10 sind zugfest durch die umgebenden Ringelemente 7 und 9 mit den Leiterenden 1 und 2 formschlüssig verbunden. Diese Ringelemente sind bis zum Leiterdurchmesser komprimiert. Im Bereich des inneren Ringelements 8 werden die Leiterelemente so weit radial komprimiert, daß sich ein Materialfluß in axialer Richtung ergibt, wodurch die Leiterenden 1 und 2 mit hohem Druck kontaktiert werden. Dabei unterstützt die elastische Dehnung des Zugankers 4 die Aufrechterhaltung des Kontaktdruckes.2 shows the completed connection point. The anchor ends 10 are connected to the conductor ends 1 and 2 in a form-fitting manner by the surrounding ring elements 7 and 9. These ring elements are compressed up to the conductor diameter. In the area of the inner ring element 8, the conductor elements are radially compressed to such an extent that there is a material flow in the axial direction, whereby the conductor ends 1 and 2 are contacted with high pressure. The elastic expansion of the tie rod 4 supports the maintenance of the contact pressure.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Variante weist der Zuganker 4' in seiner Mitte einen Flansch 13 auf, wodurch die beiden Leiterenden 11 und 12 im Abstand zueinander gehalten werden. In demIn the variant shown in FIG. 3, the tie rod 4 'has a flange 13 in its center, as a result of which the two conductor ends 11 and 12 are kept at a distance from one another. By doing

Abstandsraum befindet sich ein leitfähiges Material 14.There is a conductive material 14 in the clearance space.

Der Zuganker 4' wird in Höhe seiner Enden 10' zugfest mit den Leiterenden 11 und 12 mittels der Endbereiche 7' und 9' der Preßhülse 15 verpreßt. Durch die Zusammenpressung des mittleren Teils 8' der Preßhülse 15 wird das leitfähige Material 14 zur Herstellung eines Leiterkontaktes verpreßt. Die radiale Verdichtung der beiden zu verbindenden Leiter ist an dieser Stelle etwas geringer als in Höhe der Ankerenden. Die elektrische Kontaktierung erfolgt vornehmlich über die axiale Ausdehnung des leitfähigen Materials 14.The tie rod 4 'is pressed tensile at its ends 10' with the conductor ends 11 and 12 by means of the end regions 7 'and 9' of the compression sleeve 15. By compressing the central part 8 'of the press sleeve 15, the conductive material 14 is pressed to produce a conductor contact. The radial compression of the two conductors to be connected is somewhat less at this point than at the level of the anchor ends. The electrical contact is made primarily via the axial extension of the conductive material 14.

Auch die Preßhülse 15 ist soweit radial komprimiert, daß der Durchmesser der Verbindungsstelle gleich dem Durchmesser der zu verbindenden Leiter ist.The compression sleeve 15 is radially compressed to the extent that the diameter of the connection point is equal to the diameter of the conductor to be connected.

Claims (13)

  1. Arrangement for coaxially connecting two conductors (1, 2) which are contiguous at their connecting surfaces (3) and which are compressed in their connecting area by annular elements (7, 8, 9) deformed radially towards the conductor interior in order to produce the current conducting connection, wherein a tension rod (4) protruding axially into the conductor ends is provided, which comprises at its ends radial elevations (10) and in order to achieve a positive connection is pressed together with the material of the conductor, characterized in that annular elements (7, 9) are provided in the area of the radial elevations (10) of the tension rod (4), and in that the contiguous sections (3) of the conductors (1, 2) are pressed against each other by a material flow which is caused by the deformation of the annular elements (7, 9) located in the area of the elevations (10) of the tension rod.
  2. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that both conductors (1, and 11, 12, respectively) comprise a hollow channel (6) for accommodation of the tension rod (4, 4').
  3. 3. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the tension rod (4, 4') consists of high-strength material.
  4. 4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tensile strength of the tension rod (4, 4') is greater than that of the conductors.
  5. 5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tension rod (4,4') exhibits a smaller diameter in its central area.
  6. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tension rod (4, 4') exhibits a smooth surface in its central area.
  7. 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tension rod (4, 4') is of tubular configuration.
  8. 8. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the conductors (1, 2 and 11, 12, respectively) are compressed to a space filling factor of almost 100% at the level of the ends (10, 10') of the tension rod (4, 4') by annular elements (7, 9 and 7', 9', respectively) or by a press sleeve (15).
  9. 9. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the central annular elements (8, 8') consist of a good electrically conductive material.
  10. 10. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the diameter throughout the entire area of the connection point is equal to the diameter of the conductors (1, 2 and 11, 12, respectively) to be connected.
  11. 11. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tension rod (4') exhibits at its centre a flange (13) whose external diameter is smaller than the conductor diameter, and in that the space between the flange (13) and the central annular element (8') is filled with conductive material (14).
  12. 12. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 1 1, characterized in that the external (7', 9') and central annular elements (8') are components of a single press sleeve (15).
  13. 13. Process for the manufacture of an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the ends of the conductors (1, 2and 11, 12, respectively) are cut so as to match each other, in that the annular elements (7, 8, 9 and 7', 8', 9', respectively) are pushed onto the ends of the conductors (1, 2 and 11, 12, respectively), in that each half of a tension rod (4, 4') is pushed at its ends into a hollow channel (6) of one of the conductors (1, 2 and 11, 12, respectively), in that the tension rod (4, 4') is subsequently pressed together with the conductor material in the area of its ends (10, 10') by the external annular elements (7, 9 and 7', 9', respectively), and in that the conductor ends are then pressed together in the central area of the connection by at least one central annular element (8,8,).
EP83100993A 1982-02-25 1983-02-03 Coaxial connection for two conductors Expired EP0087605B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823206699 DE3206699A1 (en) 1982-02-25 1982-02-25 ARRANGEMENT FOR COAXIAL CONNECTION OF TWO LADDERS AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A CONNECTION
DE3206699 1982-02-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0087605A1 EP0087605A1 (en) 1983-09-07
EP0087605B1 true EP0087605B1 (en) 1986-07-23

Family

ID=6156620

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83100993A Expired EP0087605B1 (en) 1982-02-25 1983-02-03 Coaxial connection for two conductors

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EP (1) EP0087605B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3206699A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016224107A1 (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-07 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Line and method for producing a line

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB688708A (en) * 1950-06-21 1953-03-11 Glover & Co Ltd W T Improvements in couplings for stranded electric conductors
FR1103958A (en) * 1953-08-26 1955-11-15 British Insulated Callenders Advanced connection for electrical conductors
DE1040100B (en) * 1954-04-08 1958-10-02 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Cable connection
GB1233199A (en) * 1967-11-29 1971-05-26
IT987592B (en) * 1972-12-29 1975-03-20 Pirelli METHOD FOR JOINING CONDUCTORS FOR CABLE IN FLUID OIL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3206699C2 (en) 1988-08-04
DE3206699A1 (en) 1983-09-08
DE3364575D1 (en) 1986-08-28
EP0087605A1 (en) 1983-09-07

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