EP0084042A1 - Fermentation anaerobie - Google Patents

Fermentation anaerobie

Info

Publication number
EP0084042A1
EP0084042A1 EP82902187A EP82902187A EP0084042A1 EP 0084042 A1 EP0084042 A1 EP 0084042A1 EP 82902187 A EP82902187 A EP 82902187A EP 82902187 A EP82902187 A EP 82902187A EP 0084042 A1 EP0084042 A1 EP 0084042A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
array
packing elements
waste liquid
flow
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82902187A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kevin Joseph Mckeown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0084042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084042A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with improvements in and relating to the anaerobic fermentation of organic liquids and to fermentation apparatus for use therein.
  • an organic waste liquid is fermented under anaerobic conditions in a packed fermentation vessel, that is a fermentation vessel containing an array of packing elements, whilst passing the organic waste liquid through the array of packing elements under conditions such that:
  • the organic waste liquid be flowed upwardly through the array of packing elements and in the following description, reference will be made only to this mode of operation, although it is to be understood that, where appropriate, the description refers also to other modes of operation, for example where the organic waste liquid is flowed downwardly through the array of packing elements.
  • the fermentation apparatus shown in the drawing comprises a closed fermentation vessel 1 provided with, at the upper end thereof, a gas off-take conduit 2 provided with valve 3 and, in the lower end thereof, a gludge off-take conduit 4 provided with valve 5.
  • vessel 1 mounted within vessel 1 is an array of packing elements generally indicated at 6 and supported on perforated support 7.
  • a waste liquid inlet pipe 8, provided with valve 9, is connected with liquid distributor means comprising a plurality of perforated pipes or troughs 10 mounted in vessel below support 7.
  • a diffuser or flow straightening device 11 is mounted intermediate pipes 8 and support 7.
  • An inner circumferential wier 12 is mounted above the array of packing elements 6 and connects with treated liquid discharge pipe 14 which, in turn, connects with liquid seal 15, to retain gases with vessel 1. (Alternatively, for example, a lute system may be employed to retain gases within the vessel 1).
  • the organic waste liquid be introduced into the array of packing elements substantially uniformly across the lower surface thereof.
  • the waste liquid is, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, introduced into the fermentation vessel by means of a set of perforated pipes and, in order to achieve further uniformity, a flow straightener or diffuser 11 is mounted between the pipes 8 and the bottom of the array of packing elments 6.
  • This diffuser may, for example, take the form of a perforated plate, a grid or a woven mesh such as of glass fibres.
  • the array of packing elements 6 should be such that abrupt changes of the rate of flow of the organic waste liquid in contact with the surfaces of the array of packing elements are reduced This can, theoretically, best be achieved by forming the array of packing elements as an array of a plurality of vertical tubes extending from top to bottom of the array and such an array of tubes may be used in accordance with the invention. It should be noted however that such an array of tubes calls for very good initial distribution of the organic waste liquid since it does not in itself possess flow straightening properties, i.e. once a "plug" of liquid has entered a particular tube, it is contained therein until it emerges at the top of the tube. A similar effect may be achieved by means of an array of vertical sheets but this too will suffer from the same defect to some extent.
  • Another way of providing an array of packing elements approximating to a set of tubes is to provide a stacked array of packing elements such as Raschig, Lessig or cross-partition rings. If such rings are packed in rows staggered relatively one to the othe, some degree of flow straightening may be achieved but it should be noted that it may prove very time-consuming to stack-pack such rings in a large fermentation vessel.
  • packing elements such as Raschig, Lessig or cross-partition rings.
  • dumped packings possess the advantage that they may simply be introduced into a reaction vessel by simply being dumped therein and thus it is very simple to pack a vessel with dumped packing elements.
  • dumped packings tend to form a more or less random array.
  • such a random array will in many cases provide a packed array in which a liquid flowing through the array will be subjected to many abrupt changes of rate of flow when flowing over over the surfaces of the packings. This will particularly be the case for dumped packings formed of conventional Raschig rings or solid cylinders and, although the position may be somewhat better, the same obtains for Pall-type rings and for saddle- type packings.
  • packing elements are particularly suitable for use in accordance with the invention, possessing as they do the merits of being relatively easy to introduce into a vessel, being capable of flow straightening and, at the same time, meeting the criterion that the liquid flowing over the surfaces thereof is not subjected to too many abrupt changes of rate of flow.
  • a useful, pragmatic, measure of the suitability of a packing element, for use as a dumped packing for a fermentor in accordance with the invention is the pressure drop across the packing when air is passed through it.
  • the pressure drop of any form of packing is, inter alia, determined by its size, smaller packings having a greater pressure drop, or resistance to air flow, than larger rings and vice versa.
  • Table 1 below sets out preferred maximum pressure drops for packings of various sizes for use in accordance with the invention.
  • Suitable packing elements meeting the above criteria include rings which may or may not be provided with apertures in their side walls and internal radial or diametric ribs, and Tellerette rings (packing elements formed of a toroidal helex).
  • the thickness of the film is, inter alia, controlled by the rate of hydraulic shear of the liquid passing over the film and that consequently by achieving a relatively uniform and smooth folow of liquid over the film it is possible to provide a substantially uniform film thickness, i.e. to provide a widespread covering of effective film over the surfaces of the packing elements, which is relatively free from "dead spots" so that the activity per unit surface is more uniform across a horizontal plane in the array of packed elements.
  • another measure of the suitability of any particular form of packing for use in accordance with the invention may be the percentage of the free surface area of the packing which is covered with the film and thus, suitably the packing should be one capable, in use, of being covered with at least
  • anaerobic degradation in many cases, takes place as step-wise operation; one microorganism degrading the waste to a certain extent and another microganism then taking the degradation a step further.
  • the flow liquid rates through the fermentors in accordance with the invention considered as the flow rate across a. plane normal to the direction of flow of the waste liquid, will be relatively low, e.g. of the order of 0.2 to 50 m/day, more especially 2 to 40 m/day. Even so such low flow rates can give rise to low (as compared with those the prior art) residence times; e.g. of the order of 24 hours or less, especially from 5 to 20 hours.
  • the fermentation is suitably carried out at a temperature of from 40 to 80 °C, preferably from 20 to 65 °C.
  • the material flowing upwardly through the packing in the fermentor will, at least in the upper part of the packing also comprise gas, e.g. methane generated by the anaerobic fermentation.
  • the packing allow for efficient release of gas from the surface thereof and a packing which does not lead to abrupt changes in flow rate over the surface thereof also allows for efficient release of the gas and for easy passage of the gas through the packing, without interfering with the film of anaerobic microorganisms thereof.
  • the upper part of the packing elements may be desirable to form the upper part of the packing elements having a lower surface area per unit volume than that of the packing elements forming the lower part of the packing.
  • the method and apparatus of the invention may be used to process a wide variety of organic waste liquids (by which term is meant aqueous solutions and/or suspensions or organic waste materials) such as domestic sewage liquors, wastes from food and beverage producing plants and from oil refineries.
  • organic waste liquids by which term is meant aqueous solutions and/or suspensions or organic waste materials
  • the fermentation serves two principal function namely (a) to reduce the B.O.D. of the waste liquid whilst (b) producing useful material, such as methane, from the waste material.
  • the treated waste liquid may be further purified by, for example, a conventional aerobic fermentation process.
  • the fermentation process in accordance with the invention may be carried out in a plurality of successive fermentors in each of which one step in the fermentation is carried out.
  • the fermentor and fermentation process of the invention may also be used for the anaerobic fermentation of liquid, organic material-containing, substrates other than waste liquids, for example waste liquids to which additional materials or nutrients have been added or other substrates.
  • the process and apparatus may be used to carry out anaerobic fermentation of a wide variety of substrates by the action of microorganisms (such as bacteria or enzymes) which may be natural or genetically modified microorganisms.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un procédé de fermentation anaérobie d'un déchet organique liquide dans lequel le liquide fermente dans des conditions anaérobies dans un récipient de fermentation garni (1) contenant une rangée d'éléments de bourrage (6), la fermentation a lieu dans des conditions telles que: (1) l'écoulement, par unité de surface, du déchet liquide au travers d'un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'écoulement est sensiblement uniforme; (2) le déchet organique liquide s'écoule doucement sur les surfaces de la rangée d'éléments de bourrage avec relativement peu de brusques changements de la vitesse d'écoulement. Le liquide s'écoule de préférence vers le haut au travers de la rangée d'éléments de bourrage qui, dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel de la présente invention, comprend une rangée déversée d'éléments de bourrage ou d'anneaux possédant un rapport d'aspect inférieur à l'unité.
EP82902187A 1981-07-24 1982-07-26 Fermentation anaerobie Withdrawn EP0084042A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8122949 1981-07-24
GB8122949 1981-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084042A1 true EP0084042A1 (fr) 1983-07-27

Family

ID=10523489

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82902187A Withdrawn EP0084042A1 (fr) 1981-07-24 1982-07-26 Fermentation anaerobie

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0084042A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58501161A (fr)
WO (1) WO1983000323A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4613433A (en) * 1982-12-24 1986-09-23 Biomass Limited Anaerobic fermentor
GB2149390A (en) * 1983-09-21 1985-06-12 Biomass International Anaerobic fermentation process
GB2149815A (en) * 1983-09-21 1985-06-19 Biomass International Anaerobic fermenter
US4530762A (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-07-23 Love Leonard S Anaerobic reactor

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1385672A (en) * 1970-12-18 1975-02-26 Mass Transfer Ltd Fluid-fluid contact apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8300323A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1983000323A1 (fr) 1983-02-03
JPS58501161A (ja) 1983-07-21

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Effective date: 19860201