EP0083842A1 - Surface-coated hard metal body and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Surface-coated hard metal body and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0083842A1 EP0083842A1 EP19820306473 EP82306473A EP0083842A1 EP 0083842 A1 EP0083842 A1 EP 0083842A1 EP 19820306473 EP19820306473 EP 19820306473 EP 82306473 A EP82306473 A EP 82306473A EP 0083842 A1 EP0083842 A1 EP 0083842A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- bonding layer
- article
- layer
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
Definitions
- This invention relates to coated articles comprising hard metals, refractories, and especially cemented carbide substrates. More particularly, it relates to such coated hard metal or coated cemented carbide products which are adapted to receive an aluminum oxide or other oxide wear layer which is very firmly bonded to the substrate.
- Such hard metal and/or cemented carbide substrates are used in tools for machining and cutting metals. Their already high wear resistance can be significantly improved by providing oxide wear layers, such as aluminum oxide wear layers, as described in U.S. 3,736,107 and 3,836,392.. However, it has become apparent that proper steps must be taken to adequately bond the oxide layer to the hard metal or cemented carbide substrate if the superior wear resistance of the oxide layer is to be realized.
- a novel coating procedure has now been discovered which provides aluminum oxide and other oxides (e.g., hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide and the like) bonded to the substrates with adherence equal to that obtained in the said '631 patent, which can be performed at normal coating temperatures.
- Such a procedure in its broadest aspects comprises providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising an oxide, a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium and vanadium, optionally aluminiz- ing the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer.
- the present bonding layer is thin, not useful as a barrier, and possesses a composition novel in its chemical constituents. All of the foregoing patents and publications are incorporated herein by reference.
- an article of manufacture comprising:
- the substrate is a cobalt cemented carbide; the bonding layer is 0.1 to 0.5 microns thick; aluminum is added to the bonding layer by a process to be described layer; the oxide wear layer is aluminum oxide; and the wear layer is 0.5 to 20 microns thick.
- a hard metal or cemented carbide substrate is pretreated for the reception of a wear resistant oxide coating by treating the substrate in a first atmosphere selected from carbide and oxycarbide forming atmospheres to form a bonding layer of metal selected from at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium on said substrate and heating the coated substrate in a second oxidizing atmosphere until at least about 50% of the surface is oxidized.
- an oxide outer wear layer preferably an aluminum oxide wear layer
- the bonding layer may bond or form the oxide wear layer directly to the substrate or to other layers with which the substrate is previously coated:
- One preferred previously coated layer is TiC although broadly, this layer may comprise a carbide, nitride or carbonitride of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Cr, W, Si, B which is an intermediate layer.
- One convenient way of proceeding is to provide a coating furnace held at a temperature of from about 800° C to 1300°C., and to expose a substrate in the furnace to the following sequential steps:
- a commercial cemented carbide cutting tool insert of composition 85.5% WC, 6% TaC, 2.5% TiC and 6% Co was coated in the following manner:
- the coated insert was used to machine cast iron at 400 sfpm, .010 in./rev. feed rate, and the wear resistance was compared with that obtained using a commercial insert which requires a high temperature diffusion operation to make the coating.
- a cemented carbide insert having the same composition as Example 1 above was coated with A1 2 0 3 in the following manner:
- the resultant coated insert had a 3-micron Al 2 0 3 coating firmly bonded to the cemented carbide substrate, through a bonding layer about 0.2 microns thick.
- a cemented carbide insert having the same composition as Example 1 above was pretreated then coated with Al 2 0 3 in the following manner at a furnace temperature of 1050°C, and l atmosphere pressure.
- the resultant coated insert had a 3-4 microns Al 2 0 3 coating firmly bonded to the cemented carbide substrate, through a bonding layer about 0.2 microns thick.
- a coated insert according to this invention was obtained.
- a commercial cemented carbide cutting tool insert comprising 85.5% WC; 6%-TaC 2.5% TiC and 60% Co and coated with TiC of five microns thickness is subjected to the following sequence of steps in a furnace at temperature of 1050°C. and 1 atmosphere pressure:
- Example 2 Iron was incorporated into the surface of a TiC coated cemented carbide cutting tool insert by rubbing its cutting surfaces with a piece of soft iron.
- the general procedure of Example 1 was then used to deposit a very thin coating of niobium carbide by the exposure of the treated surface to a mixture of H 2 and CbCl 5 gases for about 10 minutes at 1050°C.
- the resultant CbC coating was allowed to diffuse with the Fe (and TiC) for about 20 minutes and then this surface was lightly oxidized by exposure to a mixture of H 2 - 5% C0 2 at 1050°C. for about 15 minutes.
- A1 2 0 3 - coated a very strong bond was obtained between the A1 2 0 3 coating and the TiC-coated surface, noticeably better than the adhesion obtained using the same process without the Fe treatment.
- tantalum or niobium chloride in the steps of the. above examples is critically specific for the achievement of the desired high level of coating adherence in a single furnace operation. While titanium chloride may be used in these steps in addition to tantalum or niobium chloride, the adherence is not as good if only titanium chloride is used. Since vanadium belongs to the same group as tantalum and niobium (Group . VB), its effectiveness is probable.
- the bonding layer may be treated with Al, Fe, Co, Ni, to improve the bond with the A 1 2 0 3 outer layer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to coated articles comprising hard metals, refractories, and especially cemented carbide substrates. More particularly, it relates to such coated hard metal or coated cemented carbide products which are adapted to receive an aluminum oxide or other oxide wear layer which is very firmly bonded to the substrate.
- Such hard metal and/or cemented carbide substrates are used in tools for machining and cutting metals. Their already high wear resistance can be significantly improved by providing oxide wear layers, such as aluminum oxide wear layers, as described in U.S. 3,736,107 and 3,836,392.. However, it has become apparent that proper steps must be taken to adequately bond the oxide layer to the hard metal or cemented carbide substrate if the superior wear resistance of the oxide layer is to be realized.
- In U.S. 4,018,631, it is disclosed that a selective pretreatment of cemented carbides before application of the oxide wear layer unexpectedly enhances and improves the adherence of the subsequently applied oxide wear layer. While such a procedure results in a tightly adherent surface layer of aluminum oxide or other oxide wear layer, and is therefore extremely useful, the procedure requires a high temperature for the diffusion step.
- A novel coating procedure has now been discovered which provides aluminum oxide and other oxides (e.g., hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide and the like) bonded to the substrates with adherence equal to that obtained in the said '631 patent, which can be performed at normal coating temperatures. Such a procedure in its broadest aspects comprises providing a thin surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising an oxide, a carbide or oxycarbide of at least one of tantalum, niobium and vanadium, optionally aluminiz- ing the bonding layer, and finally providing an outer oxide wear layer. The present bonding layer is thin, not useful as a barrier, and possesses a composition novel in its chemical constituents. All of the foregoing patents and publications are incorporated herein by reference.
- According to the invention there is provided an article of manufacture comprising:
- (i) a hard metal or cemented carbide substrate having a plurality of coatings thereon;
- (ii) at least one of the coatings being a surface-oxidized bonding layer comprising at least one of the carbides or oxycarbides of tantalum, niobium and vanadium; and
- (iii) an oxide wear layer overlying said bonding layer.
- In preferred features, the substrate is a cobalt cemented carbide; the bonding layer is 0.1 to 0.5 microns thick; aluminum is added to the bonding layer by a process to be described layer; the oxide wear layer is aluminum oxide; and the wear layer is 0.5 to 20 microns thick.
- In one practice of the present invention a hard metal or cemented carbide substrate is pretreated for the reception of a wear resistant oxide coating by treating the substrate in a first atmosphere selected from carbide and oxycarbide forming atmospheres to form a bonding layer of metal selected from at least one of tantalum, niobium or vanadium on said substrate and heating the coated substrate in a second oxidizing atmosphere until at least about 50% of the surface is oxidized.
- In the preferred features of the process aspect aluminum will be added to the bonding layer;' and an oxide outer wear layer, preferably an aluminum oxide wear layer, will be deposited on the bonding layer, which optionally may contain aluminum. The bonding layer may bond or form the oxide wear layer directly to the substrate or to other layers with which the substrate is previously coated: One preferred previously coated layer is TiC although broadly, this layer may comprise a carbide, nitride or carbonitride of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Cr, W, Si, B which is an intermediate layer.
- Those skilled in this art will now the general techniques used to prepared the product and carry out the process of the present invention.
- One convenient way of proceeding is to provide a coating furnace held at a temperature of from about 800° C to 1300°C., and to expose a substrate in the furnace to the following sequential steps:
- 1. 5 to 60 minutes exposure, preferably at 1050°C., to a gaseous mixture of H2 and 0.5 to 20 volumes percent TaCl5 or NbCl 5, Ti Cl4, Al Cl3 and/or CH4 may be optionally added during either part or all of this period.
- 2. 1 to 60 minutes exposure, preferably at 1100°C., to a gaseous mixture consisting of H2 and about 1 to 50 volume percent CO2 to oxidize and produce the pretreated substrate.
- 3. 5 to 60 minutes exposure, preferably at 1050°C., to a gaseous mixture of H2 and about 0.5 to 20 volume percent AlCl3. This step for adding aluminum is optional but is preferred for best results.
- 4. 15 minutes' to 4 hours' exposure, preferably 1050°C., to gaseous mixture of H2, 1 to 40 (or 60 to 95) volume percent C02, and 2.5 to 20 volume percent AlCl3 to produce the aluminum oxide wear coating.
- Other suitable treating atmospheres of varying proportions of constituents will occur to those skilled in the art. Likewise, other well known deposition techniques can be used such as physical vapor deposition, sputtering and pack diffusion.
- Those features of the invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the claims appended hereto. The invention will, however, be better understood from a consideration of the preferred embodiments.
- The following examples are illustrative, and the claims are not be construed as being limited thereto.
- A commercial cemented carbide cutting tool insert of composition 85.5% WC, 6% TaC, 2.5% TiC and 6% Co was coated in the following manner:
- 1. Held 15 minutes at 1050°C in an atmosphere of H2 - 5% CH4 - 2% TiCl4 - 5% TaCl5 - 10% AlCl3.
- 2. Held 40 minutes at 1050°C in an atmosphere of H2 - 10% C02.
- 3. Held 10 minutes at 1050°C in an atmosphere of H2 - 10% AlCl3.
- 4. Held 60 minutes at 1050°C in an atmosphere of H2 - 10% C02 - 10% AlCl3.
- This treatment resulted in a 4-micron A1203 coating which was firmly bonded to the cemented carbide substrate, through a bonding layer about 0.2 microns thick.
- The coated insert was used to machine cast iron at 400 sfpm, .010 in./rev. feed rate, and the wear resistance was compared with that obtained using a commercial insert which requires a high temperature diffusion operation to make the coating.
- The wear resistance of the insert coated by the above- described simplified process was found to be nerarly equal to that of the commercial insert.
- A cemented carbide insert having the same composition as Example 1 above was coated with A1203 in the following manner:
- 1. Held 15 minutes at 1050°C in a gaseous mixture of H2 - 2% TiCl4 - 5% NbCl5 - 10% AlCl3, then the TiCl4 was turned off and the insert was held an additional 10 minutes at 1050°C in the remaining mixture of H2 - 5 % NbCl5 - 10% AlCl3.
- 2. Held 20 minutes at 1100°C in a mixture of H2 -5% C02.
- 3. Held 20 minutes at 1050°C in a mixture of H2 - 10% Al Cl3 .
- 4. Held 45 minutes at 1050°C in a mixture of HZ -5% CO2 - 10% AlCl3.
- The resultant coated insert had a 3-micron Al203 coating firmly bonded to the cemented carbide substrate, through a bonding layer about 0.2 microns thick.
- When used to machine cast iron (same conditions as Example 1 above), the wear resistance was found to be equivalent to the commercial insert.
- A cemented carbide insert having the same composition as Example 1 above was pretreated then coated with Al203 in the following manner at a furnace temperature of 1050°C, and l atmosphere pressure.
- 1. Held 10 minutes in a gaseous mixture of H2 -10% CH4.
- 2. Held 1 minute in a gaseous mixture of H2 - 2% TiCl4.
- 3. Held 25 minutes in a mixture of H2 and NbCl5 (which had been heated for about 8 minutes to 320°F., held 3 mintues, and cooled with power off for 15 minutes).
- 4. Held 2 minutes in a gaseous mixture of H2 -2.5% C02.
- 5. Held 10 minutes in a gaseous mixture of H2 - 5% AlCl3.
- 6. Held 60 minutes in a gaseous mixture of H2 - 5% AlCl3 - 9% C02.
- The resultant coated insert had a 3-4 microns Al203 coating firmly bonded to the cemented carbide substrate, through a bonding layer about 0.2 microns thick.
- When used to machine cast iron (same conditions as Example 1 above), the wear resistance is found to be equivalent to the commercial insert.
- The procedure of Exanoke 3 was repeated, using the following conditions:
- 1. Held 1 minute at 1050°C.in a gaseous mixture of H2 - 3% Ti Cl4.
- 2. Held 1 minute at 1050°C. in a gaseous mixture of H2 - 3% Ti Cl 4 - 20% N2.
- 3. Held 30 minutes in H2 - 3% NbCl5; + 3% TiCl4 added for 20 seconds during middle of this period and temperature was 850°C. for first 10 minutes of this period and then increased in a linear fashion to 1050°C. by the end of the period.
- 4. Held 10 minutes at 1050°C. in H2 - 11% C02.
- 5. Held 10 minutes at 1050°C. in H2 - 7% A1C13.
- 6. Held 60 minutes in gaseous mixture of H2 - 11% C02 -7% AlCl3.
- A coated insert according to this invention was obtained.
- A commercial cemented carbide cutting tool insert comprising 85.5% WC; 6%-TaC 2.5% TiC and 60% Co and coated with TiC of five microns thickness is subjected to the following sequence of steps in a furnace at temperature of 1050°C. and 1 atmosphere pressure:
- 1. 2 minutes in an atmosphere of H2 and approximately 2% TiCl4
- 2. NbCl5 vaporizer on 8 min. to 225°F., 3 min. hold - 15 min. power off-cool.
- 3. 1 minute in an atmosphere of hydrogen - 3.5% C02 to surface oxidize.
- 4. 10 minutes in an atmosphere of hydrogen - 5% AlCl3-
- 5. 60 minutes in an atmosphere of hydrogen - 5% AlCl3 - 7% CO2.
- This treatment resulted in a 3-4 microns A1203 coating which was firmly bonded to the TiC coated cemented carbide substrate, through a bonding layer approximately 0.2 microns thick.
- The coating adhesion of this insert was sufficient to meet the requirements of commercial A1203 - coated substrates, without a TiC layer. Direct deposit of Al203 on inserts coated with TiC fail to meet these requirements.
- Iron was incorporated into the surface of a TiC coated cemented carbide cutting tool insert by rubbing its cutting surfaces with a piece of soft iron. The general procedure of Example 1 was then used to deposit a very thin coating of niobium carbide by the exposure of the treated surface to a mixture of H2 and CbCl5 gases for about 10 minutes at 1050°C. The resultant CbC coating was allowed to diffuse with the Fe (and TiC) for about 20 minutes and then this surface was lightly oxidized by exposure to a mixture of H2 - 5% C02 at 1050°C. for about 15 minutes. When subsequently A1203 - coated, a very strong bond was obtained between the A1203 coating and the TiC-coated surface, noticeably better than the adhesion obtained using the same process without the Fe treatment.
- The use of tantalum or niobium chloride in the steps of the. above examples is critically specific for the achievement of the desired high level of coating adherence in a single furnace operation. While titanium chloride may be used in these steps in addition to tantalum or niobium chloride, the adherence is not as good if only titanium chloride is used. Since vanadium belongs to the same group as tantalum and niobium (Group.VB), its effectiveness is probable. The bonding layer may be treated with Al, Fe, Co, Ni, to improve the bond with the A1203 outer layer.
- Many variations will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art in light of the above-detailed description. All obvious such variations are within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the apppended claims.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82306473T ATE44551T1 (en) | 1981-12-16 | 1982-12-06 | COATED CARBIDE BODY AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33136781A | 1981-12-16 | 1981-12-16 | |
US331368 | 1981-12-16 | ||
US331367 | 1981-12-16 | ||
US06/331,368 US4490191A (en) | 1981-12-16 | 1981-12-16 | Coated product and process |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0083842A1 true EP0083842A1 (en) | 1983-07-20 |
EP0083842B1 EP0083842B1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
Family
ID=26987728
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820306473 Expired EP0083842B1 (en) | 1981-12-16 | 1982-12-06 | Surface-coated hard metal body and method of producing the same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0083842B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1198945A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3279814D1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0149449A1 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-24 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) | Hard metal body, in particular a cutting tool |
US4642003A (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1987-02-10 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Rotary cutting tool of cemented carbide |
AT387186B (en) * | 1987-05-04 | 1988-12-12 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | COATED CARBIDE BODY |
EP0403461A1 (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Coated cutting insert |
EP0594875A1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-04 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Multilayer coated hard alloy cutting tool |
EP0686707A1 (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-12-13 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Surface coated cutting tool |
US6071601A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2000-06-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Coated cutting tool member |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4018631A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1977-04-19 | General Electric Company | Coated cemented carbide product |
US4019873A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1977-04-26 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Coated hard metal body |
USRE29420E (en) * | 1971-11-12 | 1977-09-27 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Sintered cemented carbide body coated with two layers |
EP0032887A1 (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1981-07-29 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Method of preparing coated cemented carbide product and resulting product |
-
1982
- 1982-12-06 DE DE8282306473T patent/DE3279814D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-06 EP EP19820306473 patent/EP0083842B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-16 CA CA000417957A patent/CA1198945A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE29420E (en) * | 1971-11-12 | 1977-09-27 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Sintered cemented carbide body coated with two layers |
US4019873A (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1977-04-26 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Coated hard metal body |
US4018631A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1977-04-19 | General Electric Company | Coated cemented carbide product |
EP0032887A1 (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1981-07-29 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Method of preparing coated cemented carbide product and resulting product |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, unexamined applications, field C, vol. 4, no. 178, December 10, 1980 THE PATENT OFFICE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT, page 116 C 34 * JP - A - 55-119 165 ( TOSHIBA ) * * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, unexamined applications, field C, vol. 5, no. 28, February 20, 1981 THE PATENT OFFICE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT page 122 C 44 * JP - A - 55-154 564 ( SUMITOMO ) * * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4642003A (en) * | 1983-08-24 | 1987-02-10 | Mitsubishi Kinzoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Rotary cutting tool of cemented carbide |
EP0149449A1 (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-24 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft (Vew) | Hard metal body, in particular a cutting tool |
AT385947B (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1988-06-10 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | CARBIDE BODY, IN PARTICULAR CARBIDE CUTTING TOOL |
AT387186B (en) * | 1987-05-04 | 1988-12-12 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | COATED CARBIDE BODY |
EP0403461A1 (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1990-12-19 | Sandvik Aktiebolag | Coated cutting insert |
EP0594875A1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-04 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Multilayer coated hard alloy cutting tool |
US5372873A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-12-13 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Multilayer coated hard alloy cutting tool |
EP0686707A1 (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-12-13 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Surface coated cutting tool |
US6071601A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 2000-06-06 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Coated cutting tool member |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3279814D1 (en) | 1989-08-17 |
EP0083842B1 (en) | 1989-07-12 |
CA1198945A (en) | 1986-01-07 |
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