EP0082332B1

EP0082332B1 - Dot matrix printer

Info

Publication number: EP0082332B1
Application number: EP19820110818
Authority: EP
Inventors: William Duncan Thorne
Original assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Current assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Priority date: 1981-12-21
Filing date: 1982-11-23
Publication date: 1985-10-16
Also published as: DE3266961D1; JPS58107368A; JPS6313836B2; EP0082332A3; EP0082332A2

Description

This invention relates to dot matrix printers in general and to dot matrix printers of the intersectional type in particular where the resulting dot is formed by the intersection between a font element and a platen element.
A variety of dot matrix intersectional printers exists. US-A-4,068,583 is one such example. In this example, dots are formed by the intersection between vertical bars carried by a moving band and an elongated horizontally placed knife edge hammer. A dot is made at the intersection between the horizontal hammer knife-edge face and the vertical bar moving with the moving belt. The direct intersection between the hammer and the bar element on the belt, with the belt element acting as a platen, makes a mark by utilizing a paper and a ribbon which may be interposed between the two members.
In designs of this sort, shadow printing is a well-known problem. A wide hammer (one having an elongated impact face) often used for cost considerations to span a plurality of character widths, tends to move an adjacent portion of the paper against a preceding or succeeding vertical bar element on the moving band/platen. This is known as shadow printing or smearing and is an undesirable result as will be readily appreciated.
In addition, the accurate timing of impact between a moving hammer knife face and a moving vertical bar/platen is a more demanding and critical physical problem than would ordinarily be desirable.
Another prior art device is shown in the IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 9, February 1978, page 3408, showing a device similar to that in the aforementioned US-A Patent and suffering from the same general deficiencies.
It is well known from each of these references that slanted hammers and knife edges or the like may be employed to account for continuously moving paper. In this manner serially formed dots will be aligned in the same row on moving paper. However, the degree of difficulty in accurately forming horizontal dot lines when both the hammer face and the intersecting bar/platen are moving can result in inaccurate registration of the resulting dots.
In view of the foregoing difficulties with the known prior art, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved intersectional dot matrix printer in which a fixed platen and non-intersecting hammer face may be employed with a single movable element, namely, the font element to produce intersectional matrix printing.
The foregoing objects of the present invention are met by providing a continuously moving band carrying bar-shaped font elements. The moving font elements are interposed between individual hammer faces and a fixed platen. The platen has one or more inclined projecting ribs or ridges. The intersection between the vertically arranged font element, which is in the form of a raised bar or ridge, and the raised ridge or rib on the platen creates a dot upon paper or other suitable medium interposed between the two. Either action paper of the sort that can be marked by impact alone or plain paper with the addition of a movable marking media such as an inked ribbon or the like may be similarly employed. By marking the individual vertical bar elements on the moving belt independently movable outward from the belt to impact the raised ridges on the platen, the design avoids the shadow printing problem. Only as much paper or ribbon as in the immediate proximity to the narrow vertical font element is displaced. Moreover, since the hammer face does not itself impact the raised ridges on the platen, the expensive hammmer assembly is not subjected to as severe a wear condition as would otherwise be the case.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which the figures are as follows:

Figure -1 is a semi-pictorial schematic diagram showing the basic overall mechanical arrangement and the important elements of the present invention in a preferred embodiment thereof.
Figure 2 is a schematic horizontal cross-section taken through a print hammer, the platen, and a moving font element to illustrate the relative placement of the individual elements in figure 1.
Figure 3 is an exploded pictorial segment of several of the element in figures 1 and 2 showing in greater detail the placement and arrangement of the vertical raised font bars on a moving band and the relationship to the ribbon, the paper and platen.

Turning to figure 1, the overall layout of the mechanical components essential to the preferred embodiment of the invention are depicted in a semi-pictorial arrangement. The individual elements will be described in greater detail below, but are briefly described now as a general aid to understanding the invention.
In figure 1, the platen 1 is made of hardened steel or other similar material to resist the repeated wear of impact and abrasion. Platen 1 is provided with a series of slightly inclined raised ridges 2 which are the impact faces of the platen against which the vertical bar print elements 4 on moving band 3 may be struck. They are struck by the hammers 6 impacting against anvils 5 on the back faces of the fingers 13 in the band 3. A band of print hammer drivers of the ordinary sort known in the prior art contain magnetic coils or similar drive apparatus for driving the hammers 6 in the direction toward platen 1. The impact faces of the hammers 6 impact anvils 5 in their flight past the face of the hammers in the hammer bank.
Paper 9 and a printing ribbon 10 are interposed between platen 1 and the band 3 for making marks on the paper. A mark is created at the intersectional area between the raised ridge 2 of platen 1 and the impact bar 4 which is a raised ridge on finger 13 carried by band 3. The raised ridges 2 on platen 1 are inclined slightly as shown. Paper 9 is continuously moved in an upward direction in the figure and the band 3 progresses from right to left as shown. A horizontal line of dots can be created by appropriately timing hammer impacts against the anvils 5 to create the first dots at the right-hand of each ridge 2. These dots will move upward with the continuous motion of paper 9. Paper 9 may be driven by a suitable drive motor 12 and tractors 11 well known in the art. Succeeding dots will be struck by repeated hammer impact against the anvils as the fingers 13 with the moving bar elements 4 progress from right to left scanning across the faces of the ridges 2. The degree of incline is a function of the speed of the band and of the moving paper as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Ribbon 10 is shown to be slightly angled across the face of the platen 1 to distribute the wear area across the full height of the ribbon as is similarly well known in the printer arts.
It will be instantly appreciated that by numerous hammer strikes a horizontal row of single dots can be created and that succeeding rows of dots can be similarly created to generate characters, patterns, numerals or any desired shapes within the vertical and horizontal picture element (PEL) limitations inherent in the mechanism which will be discussed later.
Turning to figure 2, a schematic horizontal cross-section through the major elements as shown in figure 1 is depicted. Platen 1 is seen end on with a raised ridge 2 on its impact face. The paper 9, ribbon 10 and the drive tractors 11 are also schematically indicated in their relative positions. The raised vertical bar on finger 13 is shown as bar 4. An anvil 5 is affixed to the finger 13, not visible in figure 2, and is arranged colinear with the impact face of the hammer 6.
Turning to figure 3 an exploded pictorial view showing the arrangement of the basic elements and further indicating some details of the band 3 are shown. Figure 3 is arranged from top to bottom showing the platen, the paper, the ribbon, the band, and the hammer faces in their order of assembly to indicate a back to front depth arrangement, as shown in figure 2.
As shown in figure 3, each raised ridge 2 is inclined to span a vertical distance equal to 1 divided by the vetical PEL.
The paper 9 is assumed to move in the upward direction as shown by the arrow. The ribbon 10 may move either left or right, but is shown moving to the left in the figure. The band 3 carrying fingers 13, which may be arranged either vertically or horizontally as indicated and each bearing a raised printing bar 4, is also shown. The view of the band 3, fingers 13, and printing bars 4 omits the anvils 5 which, for the sake of clarity, are not shown.
Each hammer face 6 has a width sufficient to span one or more character widths. The hammers are separated from each other by a small distance sufficient to eliminate the possibility of nipping or crashing. These terms are defined to mean a horizontal collision between the moving anvil 5 on a band finger element 13 moving as shown in figure 3 upon the edge of an extended hammer 6. This usually may occur near one of the last printing positions indicated by the dotted lines showing last print position.
The height of each bar element 4 is slightly greater than the desired height of the total slope of the raised ridge portion 2 on platen 1. This allows each bar 4 to strike any area of the raised ridge 2 depending upon when hammer impact occurs.
As shown in figure 3, the band 3 is provided with a series of timing marks 14 schematically indicated as the timing track 14 on the lower edge of band 3. These marks are well known in the art and may comprise either optical slits or a similar emitter grid which can pass through a position emitter sensor of a form well known in the printer arts. Such devices are employed to generate a series of electrical timing pulses for accurately synchronizing the firing of hammers 6. The details of such synchronizing and timing controls are well known in this art and are not shown herein.
The design shown in these figures generates a fixed vertical PEL with 25 or 28 PEL per vertical centimeter being suggested. The tilting of the segments 2 on platen 1 is such that the paper motion will be compensated for and the interline space will be fixed to 1 over the vertical PEL distance if maximum throughput is desired. The result of this is that after completing a row of dots, the next row can begin immediately since the paper will have advanced far enough by the printing of the last dot to commence printing the next row. The usual interline spacing between rows of printed characters is thus automatically accommodated by simply withholding start of printing until sufficient time has passed to allow one or more blank dot row times to pass.
The system will work well for hammer operations not requiring a pitch of print elements on the belt different from the hammer pitch or from some integral number of hammer pitches. As may be seen in figure 1, the pitch of the printing elements on belt or band 3 is twice that of the hammer pitch so that two hammers must be passed by each printing element on the band 3. As shown in figure 1, the pitch between printing elements can be chosen to be an integral number of hammer pitches. Each hammer face can be advantageously chosen to span an integral number of desired character widths, typically two or more. The spacing of the printing elements 4 on band 3 is shown with a two to one difference in spacing.
This has some advantages since every other hammer face will thus not be aligned with an anvil or printing element at least half of the time. This eliminates the possibility of nipping or crashing previously alluded to and can reduce the peak electrical power dissipated to one-half since only half of the hammers will be activated during an equal amount of time. Total power remains approximately the same since the same number of hammer strikes will be required to generate a normal character.
Speeds of 1500 to 2000 lines per minute with present technology, assuming a .75 millisecond hammer repetition rate and one hammer for each dot element, can be attained.
Continuous feeding of paper 9 requires the pitch of elements on band 3 to be an integral number of hammer face pitches. One, two or more, so long as it is a whole integral number, are acceptable. For the example shown in figures, because each dot bar 4 has two hammer faces 6 to pass, printing of the dots will take twice as long as it would with one hammer for each dot element. But no time will be lost in overall printing due to the fact that the paper is also being continuously moved. In a typical example, the throughput is the same since the time for moving the paper is approximately equal to the time for printing a row of dots with one hammer per dot element. Thus, there is additional time available since, although dots are printed only half as fast, there is twice the available printing time within the total time allotted for generating a row of dots because the usual paper moving time can be allocated to dot printing. This results in a possible reduction of hammer drivers 7 since a driver can be shared between two hammers as is known in the art, and only half the number of drivers as there are hammers will be required.
Also, a lower cost form-feeding operation is possible since the motor 12 can be a synchronous AC motor instead of an expensive DC stepping motor. There is also no necessary DC power supply for the forms feeding function which further reduces cost and complexity of the printer.
The ribbon 10 can be on either side of the paper 9. The front side facing the operator is generally preferred, but back printing is also often used.
Typical dimensions for the raised ridge portions 2 on platen 1 would have a face of approximately 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm. The impacting bar members 4 carried on fingers 13 will have a similar width and a height as previously described of slightly more than the total vertical rise in the angled ridges 2 on platen 1.
Some further advantages of the present design will now be described. The problem of shadow printing alluded to earlier in this specification is alleviated in this design. Since only a very small portion of paper 9 will be defected by the bar elements 4 (that portion being approximately the width of the bar element or only slightly greater) shadow printing is eliminated even where the hammer faces of the hammer 6 may span multiple character widths in the desired printing line. This was not attainable with the aforementioned prior art designs since the full width of the hammer would deflect the same or greater amount of paper and could easily deflect paper or ribbon into one of the moving vertical bar segments on a moving band to cause the shadow printing or smearing effect previously described.
Secondly, since at least one of the dot forming elements remains in fixed position in the present design, the raised ridges 2 and platen 1 being firmly and rigidly held in place, there is one less degree of freedom in the system. This simplifies the problem of designing the mechanism. Also the timing and synchronization of the elements is simplified since minor variations in hammer flight time and belt velocity can be more easily accommodated.
In addition, wear on the hammers may be reduced both by reducing the electrical duty cycle as noted by supplying several hammers for each bar element and by the fact that the hammer faces do not have to be knife edges to impact the anvils 5.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, various modifications may be made to the present design without destroying the inventive aspects. For example, if continuous forms feeding and the resultant higher printing throughput can be dispensed with, the raised ridges 2 need not be inclined on platen 1 and a simple stepwise paper feeding mechanism can be employed.
Similarly, while the fingers 13 on belt 3 have been shown in both the vertical and horizontal orientations, it is generally preferred to orient the fingers in the horizontal orientation as shown in figure 3 with the leftmost or leading edge of the finger being the part that is rigidly affixed to or integral with belt 3. Other styles and designs of fingers 13 on the belt 3 are known in the art and will be apparent to those skilled therein.
Also, hammer 6 and driver 7 are well known in the art and need no further description herein.
The drive pulleys 8 shown in figure 1 move the band 3 at a constant velocity and are driven by a suitable synchronous AC motor or the like. The function of the timing marks 14 on band 3 is well known in the art, it being understood that the marks 14 being either optical or magnetic or the equivalent are spaced relative to the printing elements 4 in such a manner that once the emitter or pickup senses the marks, the firing of print hammers can be accurately timed by counting marks passing a given point.
Other elements such as some means not shown for moving the ribbon 10 are equally well known as are the paper tractors 11 and drive motor 12, all of which are commonly employed in a variety of printers.
The novel aspect of placing one of the dot forming elements in the form of a raised fixed ridge on a platen and the other element being in the form of the movable ridge on a moving band to be impacted by a fixed position hammer achieves a design of lower cost, higher reliability and greater utility since it avoids some of the inherent problems in previous designs as pointed out.

Claims

1. Dot matrix printer comprising:

a movable carrier (3) provided with at least one raised ridge font member (4), said carrier being positioned to be generally parallel with and movable along a printing line,

at least one print hammer (6), and

means for driving said hammer to impact said movable carrier (3),

a fixed platen (1) positioned generally parallel with and along the printing line,

characterized in that:

the platen (1) has at least one raised ridge element (2) on an impact face thereof, said raised ridge element (2) being oriented generally transversally with respect to said raised ridge on said font member (4),

said raised ridge font member (4) is located on a first face of said carrier to face said fixed platen (1

said print hammer is located and arranged to impact the second face of said carrier, in order to deflect said font member (4) thereon into contact with said raised ridge (2) of said platen (1), whereby the intersection of said raised ridge on said font member (4) with said raised ridge element (2) on said platen forms a dot because of the transverse arrangement of both raised ridge elements.

2. Printer according to claim 1, characterized in that:

it comprises continuous forms feed means (11, 12) and a supply of paper forms or medium (9) to be marked upon in engagement with said continuous form feed means;

said paper is positioned to lie between said carrier (3) and said platen (1),

said forms feed means move said paper in a direction generally orthogonal to the line of travel of said carrier (3), and

said raised ridge element (2), on said platen (1) is inclined relative to the path of motion of said carrier (3) past said platen (1) to compensate for the motion of said form.

3. Printer according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said font member (4) on said carrier (3) is in the form of a generally vertical and linear raised ridge and is carried on an integrally formed deflectable finger (13) flexibly mounted on said carrier.

4. Printer according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that:

said carrier (3) comprises a continuously moving band of flexible material to which are affixed deflectable fingers (13) each finger bearing on one side said raised ridge print font member (4) and;

drive means (8) are connected with said carrier for continuously driving said carrier and said font members thereon to traverse said platen.

5. Printer according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that said fixed platen (1) bears several parallel linear raised ridge elements (2) disposed obliquely with respect to the vertical.

6. Printer according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that anvils (5) are affixed on the other side of said fingers (13) just behind said font members (4) respectively, said hammer (6) impacting said anvils to deflect said fingers towards said platen (1

7. Printer according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that an inking ribbon (10) in the form of a band extending generally along a print line, is interposed between said carrier (3) and said paper form (9).