EP0081605B1 - Bistable magnetic device - Google Patents

Bistable magnetic device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0081605B1
EP0081605B1 EP81110415A EP81110415A EP0081605B1 EP 0081605 B1 EP0081605 B1 EP 0081605B1 EP 81110415 A EP81110415 A EP 81110415A EP 81110415 A EP81110415 A EP 81110415A EP 0081605 B1 EP0081605 B1 EP 0081605B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
core
frame
magnetic
permanent magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81110415A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0081605A1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Mauz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Legrand GmbH
Original Assignee
Weg-Legrand GmbH
Legrand GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Weg-Legrand GmbH, Legrand GmbH filed Critical Weg-Legrand GmbH
Priority to EP81110415A priority Critical patent/EP0081605B1/en
Priority to AT81110415T priority patent/ATE46984T1/en
Priority to DE8181110415T priority patent/DE3177113D1/en
Priority to DE19823243949 priority patent/DE3243949A1/en
Priority to ES518183A priority patent/ES518183A0/en
Publication of EP0081605A1 publication Critical patent/EP0081605A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0081605B1 publication Critical patent/EP0081605B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1872—Bistable or bidirectional current devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/27—Relays with armature having two stable magnetic states and operated by change from one state to the other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bistable magnetic arrangement comprising, as the first magnetic member, a core surrounded by a coil, which can be remanently magnetized alternately by coil currents, and as the second magnetic member, the permanent magnet which takes the remanent-magnetizable core in its axial direction -Magnets, one of the magnetic members being alternately axially displaceable in one or the other of two end positions by reversing the coil current relative to the other.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve the bistable arrangement according to the preamble of the introduction to the description with regard to its response and drop behavior as well as its speed and reliability, to reduce material and energy expenditure by optimally utilizing the mechanical and electrical functions and parts, and the load capacity increase the order noticeably.
  • the coil body 2 with the remanently magnetizable core 3 rigidly fastened therein and of at least approximately the same length 4 and with the coil winding 5 is arranged in a fixed manner on the mounting plate 1.
  • a rectangular frame 6 made of non-magnetic material, preferably plastic, is displaceably mounted on the bobbin 2 by means of the plate-shaped arm 2b shown in dashed lines (2a) as a mechanical guide element.
  • the frame 6 has end walls 7, 8 and spacers 9, 10, on which bead-shaped slide rails or runners 11, 12 are formed; the spacers 9, 10 are longer than the coil body 2 or its core 3.
  • a permanent magnet 13, 14 is inserted into each of the end walls 7, 8, the surfaces of which opposite the core 3 of the coil 5 are parallel to the relevant pole face 16, 17 of the core 3 of the coil 5 and are perpendicular to the magnetic axis 20.
  • the height 19 of the permanent magnets 13, 14 is smaller than their diameter (thus they have the shape of circular disks) and more or less, depending on how much their coercive field strength is greater than that of the material of the core 3 of the coil 5; the permanent magnets 13, 14 are made of SECO (rare earth cobalt) and the core 3 of the coil 5 is made of ALNICO.
  • the frame 6 is, in addition to the plate-shaped arm 2b and the bead-shaped rails or runners 11, 12, which slide on the mounting plate 1 and the cover plate, not shown, especially by the strong magnetic field between the permanent magnets of the first and the second magnetic Limb as a result the force in between is kept in balance.
  • the magnetic axis 20 of the core 3 of the coil 5 is at least approximately identical to that of the permanent magnets 13, 14; in the position shown, the polarization of the permanent magnet 13 is opposite to that of the core 3 and that of the permanent magnet 14 is opposite to that of the magnet 13. In the position shown, an attractive force therefore occurs between the pole face 16 of the core 3 and the permanent magnet 13 opposite it, and a repulsive force occurs between the pole face 17 of the core 3 and the permanent magnet 14 opposite it.
  • the rod-shaped arm 21 is integrally formed on the frame 6 and transmits the movement of the frame 6 to a switching device to be controlled in a force-locking manner, as will be explained with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the guide tongue 22 for the two-armed lever 25 is integrally formed on the outside, which can be moved by hand parallel to the direction of movement of the frame 6 by means of the slide 24 accessible outside the housing wall 23.
  • One arm 25a of the lever 25 is guided on the guide tongue 22 by means of the guide lug 26 and is rigidly connected to the slide 24 by the connecting piece 28 guided in a slot 27.
  • the two-armed lever 25 can thus be displaced in two opposite directions by means of the slider 24 from the drawn central position parallel to the movement of the frame 6; in the direction to the left in the plane of the drawing, the frame 6 is shifted into a blocking position with the permanent magnet 14 in contact with the pole face 17 of the core 3, the other finger-shaped arm 2 resting against the end wall 8 of the frame 6.
  • the nose 31 equipped with a hemisphere 30 deflects the contact spring 32 so that the electrical contact with the contact spring 33 is interrupted; in the middle position of the slide 24, this is only the case if the frame 6 is in the position shown opposite.
  • the pair of contact springs 32/33 which could also be supplemented by a central contact spring for a changeover switch with a central position, is in the slots between the plastic blocks 34 integrally formed on the mounting plate 1 (in the middle). and 35, 36 (to the side thereof) and held in bores in the printed circuit board 37 by means of the interlocking connecting lugs 38, 39; By means of the stop pin 40, deflections are limited by the pretension.
  • An associated setting potentiometer 41 is also soldered onto the circuit board, which contains an electronic circuit arrangement required for the changes in the operating states.
  • the connecting terminals 61, 62, 63, on which the connecting conductors 64, 65 are inserted are inserted in columns between spacer blocks 52, 53, 54, partitions 55, 56, 57, supporting blocks 58, 59, 60, which are integrally formed on the mounting plate 51 , 66 are integrally formed.
  • the connecting conductors 65, 66 carry contacts 67, 68, while the connecting conductor 64 serves as a bearing for the contact arm 69, which is biased in both stop positions by the tension coil spring 72, which is suspended at the screwing point 70 and in a bore 71 and is shown in dashed lines.
  • the contact arm 69 occupies two stable positions with contact on the one contact 67 of the connecting conductor 66 under high pressure; This tilting behavior of the switching device further promotes the function of the bistable magnetic arrangement (FIG. 1), because it additionally relieves it of the action of force in the end positions.
  • the contact arm 69 is inserted into a recess 73 of the arm 74 so that it is deflected from one position to the other by its movement.
  • the frame 6 from FIG. 1 is made of non-magnetic material with the end walls 101, 102, the spacers 103, 104, the slide rails or runners 105, 106, the integrally molded guide tongue 107, the stop lug 108 and the lug 109 shown alone; the rod-shaped arm 110 can be better seen in FIG. 3b with its slot 111 on one side for receiving the contact arm (69 in FIG. 2); likewise the stop lug 108 and the guide tongue 107.
  • the end wall 103 also contains ventilation bores 114 to 117 for the coil winding (not shown here) (4 in FIG. 1), also one in FIG. 3c by dashed lines Indicated recess 118 for the plate-shaped arm 2b, 119 of the coil body (see. Fig. 1 and Fig. 4) as a guide piece for the frame (6 in Fig. 1).
  • the coil former with side walls 151, 152, permanent-magnetic core 153, which protrudes somewhat beyond the side walls 151, 152, and the plate-shaped arm 154 shown with hollows 155, 156 for the connecting wires of the coil winding; the arm 154 also serves as a guide piece for the frame 6 in FIG. 1, as is partially indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows separately how the two-armed lever 201 (25 in FIG. 1) is composed in one piece from the wider arm 202 with the guide lug 203 and the finger-shaped arm 204 with the hemisphere 205 and on one arm 202 of the slide 206 by means of the connecting pieces 207 in one piece.
  • the circuit arrangement of FIG. 6 for generating current pulses of alternating polarity and of selectable duration in accordance with a successive actuation of a button with the input terminals 251, 252 leading to it, the output terminals 254, 255 and leading to the coil winding 253 of the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention the power supply lines 256, 257 or rectifier group connected from the series resistor 258, rectifier diode 259, charging capacitor 260, zener diode 261 and the positive "+" DC voltage line 262 for the phase (L) and zero (N) conductors of an AC network
  • Power supply of the JK-FLIP-FLOP module 263 has in the input circuit of the clock input (Cp) 264 the optocoupler 265, by means of which the circuit 266 with the input terminals 251, 252 is galvanically separated from the clock input 264, and in the circuit of the output terminal 254, the antiparallel connected thyristors 267, 268, the "gate" electrodes of which Output
  • the respectively activated light-emitting diode transmits the voltage pulse - electrically isolated - to the associated phototransistor 278, 279, which then controls the relevant thyristor 267, 268 via the associated control electrode so that currents of alternating direction flow through the coil winding; the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention is thus caused by currents of alternating direction to change the mutual position of coil 5 and frame 6. Ie. in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 1 that a rapid back and forth movement of the frame 6 is caused and thus actuation of a mechanical or electrical switching device by means of the rod-shaped arm 21. It is readily apparent that instead of an electrical contact group, mechanical elements can also be switched into changing operating positions by the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)

Abstract

1. A bistable magnetic arrangement comprising as the first magnetic link a core (3) which is enclosed by a coil (5) and can be residually magnetized alternately by coil currents of alternating direction, and as the second magnetic link two permanent magnets (13, 14) receiving the residually magnetizable core (3) between them-selves in its axial direction, one of the magnetic links being mounted to be axially displaced in relation to the other magnetic link alternately into one or the other of two end positions by the reversal of the coil current, characterized in that a) the core (3) is made from a magnetically hard material, e.g., ALNICO - i.e., has a medium coercitive field strength and is rigidly attached to the fixed coil member (2), b) the permanent magnets (13, 14) are made of a magnetically extremely hard material, e.g., SECO (rare earth cobalt) or oxide ceramic ferrite - i.e., have a coercitive field strength which is substantially higher than that of the material of the core (3), c) associated with the two flat permanent magnets (13, 14) forming the displaceable magnetic link is a frame (6) of a nonmagnetic material which receives the magnets in opposite end faces (7, 8) and is guided on fixed parts (2b) of the bistable arrangement over the path of movement of the displaceable magnetic link (13, 14) and that d) the frame (6) has a suitably constructed actuating member (21) for a switching device.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine bistabile magnetische Anordnung, enthaltend als erstes magnetisches Glied einen von einer Spule umgebenen Kern, der durch Spulenströme wechselnder Richtung entsprechend wechselweise remanent magnetisierbar ist, und als zweites magnetisches Glied zwei den remanent-magnetisierbaren Kern in dessen Achsrichtung zwischen sich nehmende Permanent-Magnete, wobei durch Umkehr des Spulenstroms eines der magnetischen Glieder gegenüber dem anderen abwechselnd in die eine oder die andere von zwei Endlagen axial verschiebbar gelagert ist.The present invention relates to a bistable magnetic arrangement comprising, as the first magnetic member, a core surrounded by a coil, which can be remanently magnetized alternately by coil currents, and as the second magnetic member, the permanent magnet which takes the remanent-magnetizable core in its axial direction -Magnets, one of the magnetic members being alternately axially displaceable in one or the other of two end positions by reversing the coil current relative to the other.

In der US-A-3 202 886 ist anhand von Figur 3 eine derartige bistabile magnetische Anordnung mit einer magnetisierbaren Vorrichtung beschrieben.Such a bistable magnetic arrangement with a magnetizable device is described in FIG. 3 in US Pat. No. 3,202,886.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bistabile Anordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Beschreibungseinleitung hinsichtlich ihres Ansprech- und Abfallverhaltens sowie deren Schnelligkeit und Zuverlässigkeit zu verbessern, Material- und Energieaufwand durch optimale Ausnützung der mechanischen und der elektrischen Funktionen und Teile zu reduzieren sowie die Belastbarkeit der Anordnung merkbar zu erhöhen.The present invention has for its object to improve the bistable arrangement according to the preamble of the introduction to the description with regard to its response and drop behavior as well as its speed and reliability, to reduce material and energy expenditure by optimally utilizing the mechanical and electrical functions and parts, and the load capacity increase the order noticeably.

Die vorstehende Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils von Anspruch 1. Dabei wirken sich die Vorteile neuzeitlicher Dauermagnet-Werkstoffe und der Einbau der daraus gefertigten Permanent-Magnete in einem Montageteil aus nichtmagnetischem Material vor allem in einer weiteren Verringerung des benötigten Bauvolumens und einer nicht ohne weiteres zu erwarten gewesenen Steigerung der Belastbarkeit aus, weil bereits ein Stromimpuls von einer Dauer gleich einem Bruchteil einer Wechselstrom-Halbperiode zur Erregung ausreicht. Es läßt sich zeigen, daß dies besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn durch Betätigung eines und desselben Drucktasters in dem gewünschten zeitlichen Abstand die mechanische oder elektrische Schalteinrichtung von dem einen Betriebszustand in den anderen und zurück überführt werden soll.The above object is achieved in connection with the features of the preamble according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. The advantages of modern permanent magnet materials and the installation of the permanent magnets made therefrom in a mounting part made of non-magnetic material are particularly effective a further reduction in the required construction volume and an increase in the load-bearing capacity that was not to be expected immediately because a current pulse of a duration equal to a fraction of an AC half-cycle is sufficient for excitation. It can be shown that this is particularly advantageous if the mechanical or electrical switching device is to be transferred from one operating state to the other and back again by actuating one and the same pushbutton at the desired time interval.

Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind anhand der Zeichnung in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert; es stellen dar:

  • Fig. 1: im teilweisen Schnitt - eine Draufsicht auf die bistabile magnetische Anordnung mit einem von Hand bedienbaren Hebel für die Betätigung eines Hilfskontakt-Federsatzes zur Wahl einer von mehreren Betriebsarten;
  • Fig.2: einen für die Anordnung nach Fig. 1 geeigneten Kontaktfedersatz vom Wechselschalter-Typ stellvertretend für elektrische Schalteinrichtungen;
  • Fig. 3: einen rechteckigen Rahmen zur Halterung des verschiebbar angeordneten magnetischen Gliedes
    • a) in der Vorderansicht
    • b) in der Seitenansicht
    • c) in der Draufsicht
  • Fig. 4: einen Spulenkörper mit Kern
    • a) in der Seitenansicht
    • b) in der Vorderansicht
    • c) im Draufsicht-Schnitt (A - A)
  • Fig. 5: einen von Hand bedienbaren, am Rahmen gemäß Fig. 3 geführt angebrachten Hebel
    • a) in der Vorderansicht
    • b) in der Seitenansicht
  • Fig. 6: eine für die durch aufeinanderfolgende Betätigung eines Tasters geeignete elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur Erzeugung von Impulsen wechselnder Polarität und von wählbarer Dauer innerhalb bestimmter Periodenabschnitte von Wechselstromhalbwellen.
Further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. Embodiments of the invention are explained with reference to the drawing in the following description; it represents:
  • Fig. 1: in partial section - a plan view of the bistable magnetic arrangement with a hand-operated lever for actuating an auxiliary contact spring set to select one of several operating modes;
  • 2: a contact spring set of the change-over switch type which is suitable for the arrangement according to FIG. 1 and which represents electrical switching devices;
  • Fig. 3: a rectangular frame for holding the slidably arranged magnetic member
    • a) in the front view
    • b) in side view
    • c) in the top view
  • Fig. 4: a bobbin with a core
    • a) in side view
    • b) in the front view
    • c) in plan view section (A - A)
  • 5: a hand-operated lever attached to the frame according to FIG. 3
    • a) in the front view
    • b) in side view
  • 6: an electrical circuit arrangement suitable for the successive actuation of a button for generating pulses of alternating polarity and of selectable duration within certain periods of alternating current half-waves.

In Fig.1 ist auf der Montageplatte 1 der Spulenkörper 2 mit dem darin starr befestigten, remanent-magnetisierbaren Kern 3 von mindestens annähernd gleicher Länge 4 und mit der Spulenwicklung 5 ortsfest angeordnet. Auf dem Spulenkörper 2 ist mittels des gestrichelt (2a) dargestellten plattenförmigen Auslegers 2b als mechanischem Führungselement ein rechteckiger Rahmen 6 aus nichtmagnetischem Werkstoff, vorzugsweise Kunststoff, verschieblich gelagert. Der Rahmen 6 weist Stirnwände 7, 8 und Abstandsstücke 9, 10 auf, an welchen wulstförmige Gleitschienen bzw. -kufen 11, 12 angeformt sind; die Abstandsstücke 9, 10 sind länger als der Spulenkörper 2 bzw. sein Kern 3. In jede der Stirnwände 7, 8 ist ein Permanent-Magnet 13, 14 eingesteckt, deren dem Kern 3 der Spule 5 gegenüberliegende Flächen parallel zu der betreffenden Polfläche 16, 17 des Kerns 3 der Spule 5 liegen und auf der Magnetachse 20 senkrecht stehen. Die Höhe 19 der Permanent-Magnete 13, 14 ist kleiner als ihr Durchmesser (sie haben also die Form von Kreisscheiben) und zwar mehr oder weniger, je nachdem, um wieviel ihre Koerzitiv-Feldstärke größer ist als diejenige des Werkstoffs des Kerns 3 der Spule 5; die Permanent-Magnete 13, 14 sind aus SECO (Selten-Erden-Cobalt) und der Kern 3 der Spule 5 aus ALNICO gefertigt.In FIG. 1, the coil body 2 with the remanently magnetizable core 3 rigidly fastened therein and of at least approximately the same length 4 and with the coil winding 5 is arranged in a fixed manner on the mounting plate 1. A rectangular frame 6 made of non-magnetic material, preferably plastic, is displaceably mounted on the bobbin 2 by means of the plate-shaped arm 2b shown in dashed lines (2a) as a mechanical guide element. The frame 6 has end walls 7, 8 and spacers 9, 10, on which bead-shaped slide rails or runners 11, 12 are formed; the spacers 9, 10 are longer than the coil body 2 or its core 3. A permanent magnet 13, 14 is inserted into each of the end walls 7, 8, the surfaces of which opposite the core 3 of the coil 5 are parallel to the relevant pole face 16, 17 of the core 3 of the coil 5 and are perpendicular to the magnetic axis 20. The height 19 of the permanent magnets 13, 14 is smaller than their diameter (thus they have the shape of circular disks) and more or less, depending on how much their coercive field strength is greater than that of the material of the core 3 of the coil 5; the permanent magnets 13, 14 are made of SECO (rare earth cobalt) and the core 3 of the coil 5 is made of ALNICO.

Der Rahmen 6 wird außer durch den plattenförmigen Ausleger 2b und die wulstförmigen Schienen bzw. Kufen 11, 12, die auf der Montageplatte 1 und der nicht dargestellten Deckplatte gleiten, vor allem durch das starke Magnetfeld zwischen den Permanent-Magneten des ersten und des zweiten magnetischen Gliedes infolge der dazwischen bestehenden Kraftwirkung in der Schwebe gehalten.The frame 6 is, in addition to the plate-shaped arm 2b and the bead-shaped rails or runners 11, 12, which slide on the mounting plate 1 and the cover plate, not shown, especially by the strong magnetic field between the permanent magnets of the first and the second magnetic Limb as a result the force in between is kept in balance.

Die Magnetachse 20 des Kerns 3 der Spule 5 ist mindestens annähernd identisch mit derjenigen der Permanent-Magnete 13, 14; in der gezeichneten Lage ist die Polarisierung des Permanent-Magnets 13 derjenigen des Kerns 3 entgegengesetzt und diejenige des Permanent-Magnets 14 der des Magneten 13 entgegengesetzt gerichtet. In der gezeichneten Lage tritt also zwischen der Polfläche 16 des Kerns 3 und dem ihr gegenüberliegenden Permanent-Magneten 13 eine Anziehungskraft, und zwischen der Polfläche 17 des Kerns 3 und dem diesem gegenüberliegenden Permanent-Magneten 14 eine Abstoßungskraft auf.The magnetic axis 20 of the core 3 of the coil 5 is at least approximately identical to that of the permanent magnets 13, 14; in the position shown, the polarization of the permanent magnet 13 is opposite to that of the core 3 and that of the permanent magnet 14 is opposite to that of the magnet 13. In the position shown, an attractive force therefore occurs between the pole face 16 of the core 3 and the permanent magnet 13 opposite it, and a repulsive force occurs between the pole face 17 of the core 3 and the permanent magnet 14 opposite it.

Wird die Spulenwicklung 4 von einem Strom solcher Polarität durchflossen, daß die Magnetisierung des Kerns 3 bestätigt wird, dann ändert sich nichts; wird dieser Strom aber umgepolt, dann tritt eine Abstoßungskraft zwischen der Polfläche 16 und dem Permanent-Magneten 13 auf, eine Anziehungskraft dagegen zwischen der Polfläche 17 und dem Permanent-Magneten 14, der Rahmen 6 verschiebt sich schnell und mit großer Kraft nach links (in der Zeichnungsebene), so daß nunmehr Kern 3 und der Permanent-Magnet 14 aneinander anliegen. An dem Rahmen 6 ist der stabförmige Ausleger 21 einstückig angeformt, der die Bewegung des Rahmens 6 auf eine zu steuernde Schalteinrichtung kraftschlüssig überträgt, wie dies anhand der Fig. 2 noch zu erläutern sein wird.If a current of such polarity flows through the coil winding 4 that the magnetization of the core 3 is confirmed, then nothing changes; but if this current is reversed, then a repulsive force occurs between the pole face 16 and the permanent magnet 13, an attractive force, however, between the pole face 17 and the permanent magnet 14, the frame 6 moves quickly and with great force to the left (in the plane of the drawing), so that the core 3 and the permanent magnet 14 now abut each other. The rod-shaped arm 21 is integrally formed on the frame 6 and transmits the movement of the frame 6 to a switching device to be controlled in a force-locking manner, as will be explained with reference to FIG. 2.

An dem Abstandsstück 9 ist außen die Führungszunge 22 für den zweiarmigen Hebel 25 einstückig angeformt, der mittels des außerhalb der Gehäusewand 23 zugänglichen Schiebers 24 von Hand parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Rahmens 6 verschiebbar ist. Der eine Arm 25a des Hebels 25 ist mittels der Führungsnase 26 an der Führungszunge 22 geführt und durch das in einem Schlitz 27 geführte Verbindungsstück 28 mit dem Schieber 24 starr verbunden.On the spacer 9, the guide tongue 22 for the two-armed lever 25 is integrally formed on the outside, which can be moved by hand parallel to the direction of movement of the frame 6 by means of the slide 24 accessible outside the housing wall 23. One arm 25a of the lever 25 is guided on the guide tongue 22 by means of the guide lug 26 and is rigidly connected to the slide 24 by the connecting piece 28 guided in a slot 27.

Der zweiarmige Hebel 25 kann also mittels des Schiebers 24 aus der gezeichneten Mittellage parallel zu der Bewegung des Rahmens 6 in zwei entgegengesetzte Richtungen verschoben werden; in der Richtung nach links in der Zeichnungsebene wird der Rahmen 6 in eine Blockierungslage mit Anlage des Permanent-Magneten 14 an der Polfläche 17 des Kerns 3 verschoben, wobei der andere fingerförmige Arm 2 an der Stirnwand 8 des Rahmens 6 anliegt. Dabei lenkt die mit einer Halbkugel 30 ausgestattete Nase 31 die Kontaktfeder 32 aus, so daß der elektrische Kontakt mit der Kontaktfeder 33 unterbrochen wird; in der Mittelstellung des Schiebers 24 ist dies nur dann der Fall, wenn sich der Rahmen 6 in der der gezeichneten entgegengesetzten Stellung befindet. Umgekehrt kann durch eine Verschiebung des Schiebers 24 in die Richtung nach rechts in der Zeichnungsebene bis zum Anschlag der Anschlagsnase 22a an der Führungsnase 26 die Kontaktfeder 33 von der Kontaktfeder 32 gelöst werden, wobei die Anordnung entweder ganz ausgeschaltet oder von sonstigen elektrischen Nebenbedingungen unabhängig gemacht wird.The two-armed lever 25 can thus be displaced in two opposite directions by means of the slider 24 from the drawn central position parallel to the movement of the frame 6; in the direction to the left in the plane of the drawing, the frame 6 is shifted into a blocking position with the permanent magnet 14 in contact with the pole face 17 of the core 3, the other finger-shaped arm 2 resting against the end wall 8 of the frame 6. The nose 31 equipped with a hemisphere 30 deflects the contact spring 32 so that the electrical contact with the contact spring 33 is interrupted; in the middle position of the slide 24, this is only the case if the frame 6 is in the position shown opposite. Conversely, by moving the slide 24 in the direction to the right in the plane of the drawing up to the stop of the stop lug 22a on the guide lug 26, the contact spring 33 can be released from the contact spring 32, the arrangement either being completely switched off or made independent of other electrical secondary conditions .

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 ist das Kontaktfederpaar 32/33, das auch durch eine Mittel-Kontaktfeder zu einem Wechselschalter mit Mittelstellung ergänzt sein könnte, in den Schlitzen zwischen den auf der Montageplatte 1 einstückig angeformten Kunststoff-Blöckchen 34 (in der Mitte) und 35, 36 (seitlich davon) vorjustiert und in Bohrungen der Leiterplatte 37 mittels der verschränkbaren Anschlußfahnen 38, 39 gehalten; mittels des Anschlagzapfens 40 sind Auslenkungen durch die Vorspannung begrenzt. Auf der Leiterplatte, welche eine für die Änderungen der Betriebszustände erforderliche elektronische Schaltungsanordnung enthält, ist auch ein dazu gehörendes Einstell-Potentiometer 41 eingelötet.In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the pair of contact springs 32/33, which could also be supplemented by a central contact spring for a changeover switch with a central position, is in the slots between the plastic blocks 34 integrally formed on the mounting plate 1 (in the middle). and 35, 36 (to the side thereof) and held in bores in the printed circuit board 37 by means of the interlocking connecting lugs 38, 39; By means of the stop pin 40, deflections are limited by the pretension. An associated setting potentiometer 41 is also soldered onto the circuit board, which contains an electronic circuit arrangement required for the changes in the operating states.

In Fig. 2 sind in Spalten zwischen auf der Montageplatte 51 einstückig angeformten Abstandsklötzchen 52, 53, 54, Trennwänden 55, 56, 57, Stützklötzchen 58, 59, 60 die Anschlußklemmen 61, 62, 63 eingesteckt, an denen die Anschlußleiter 64, 65, 66 einstückig angeformt sind. Die Anschlußleiter 65, 66 tragen Kontakte 67, 68 während der Anschlußleiter 64 als Lager für den Kontaktarm 69 dient, der durch die bei der Schraubstelle 70 und in einer Bohrung 71 eingehängte, gestrichelt gezeichnete Zug-Spiralfeder 72 in beiden Anschlagslagen vorgespannt wird. Dadurch nimmt der Kontaktarm 69 zwei stabile Lagen mit Kontaktgabe an dem einen Kontakt 67 des Anschlußleiters 66 unter starkem Druck ein; durch dieses Kippverhalten der Schalteinrichtung wird die Funktion der bistabilen magnetischen Anordnung (Fig. 1) noch gefördert, weil sie hierdurch von Kraftwirkung in den Endlagen zusätzlich entlastet wird. Der Kontaktarm 69 ist in einer Aussparung 73 des Auslegers 74 eingesteckt, so daß sie durch dessen Bewegung aus der einen Lage in die andere umgelenkt wird.2, the connecting terminals 61, 62, 63, on which the connecting conductors 64, 65 are inserted, are inserted in columns between spacer blocks 52, 53, 54, partitions 55, 56, 57, supporting blocks 58, 59, 60, which are integrally formed on the mounting plate 51 , 66 are integrally formed. The connecting conductors 65, 66 carry contacts 67, 68, while the connecting conductor 64 serves as a bearing for the contact arm 69, which is biased in both stop positions by the tension coil spring 72, which is suspended at the screwing point 70 and in a bore 71 and is shown in dashed lines. As a result, the contact arm 69 occupies two stable positions with contact on the one contact 67 of the connecting conductor 66 under high pressure; This tilting behavior of the switching device further promotes the function of the bistable magnetic arrangement (FIG. 1), because it additionally relieves it of the action of force in the end positions. The contact arm 69 is inserted into a recess 73 of the arm 74 so that it is deflected from one position to the other by its movement.

In Fig. 3 ist der Rahmen 6 aus Fig. 1 aus nichtmagnetischem Werkstoff mit den Stirnwänden 101, 102, den Abstandsstücken 103, 104, den Gleitschienen bzw. -kufen 105, 106, der einstückig angeformten Führungszunge 107, der Anschlagsnase 108 und der Nase 109 allein dargestellt; der stabförmige Ausleger 110 ist in Fig. 3b mit seinem einseitigen Schlitz 111 für die Aufnahme des Kontaktarms (69 in Fig. 2) besser zu erkennen; ebenso die Anschlagsnase 108 und die Führungszunge 107. Die Stirnwand 103 enthält außer dem Ausschnitt 112 für den Permanent-Magneten 113 auch Lüftungsbohrungen 114 bis 117 für die hier nicht dargestellte Spulenwicklung (4 in Fig. 1), auch eine in Fig. 3c durch Strichelung angedeutete Eintiefung 118 für den plattenförmigen Ausleger 2b, 119 des Spulenkörpers (vgl. Fig. 1 und Fig. 4) als Führungsstück für den Rahmen (6 in Fig. 1).In FIG. 3, the frame 6 from FIG. 1 is made of non-magnetic material with the end walls 101, 102, the spacers 103, 104, the slide rails or runners 105, 106, the integrally molded guide tongue 107, the stop lug 108 and the lug 109 shown alone; the rod-shaped arm 110 can be better seen in FIG. 3b with its slot 111 on one side for receiving the contact arm (69 in FIG. 2); likewise the stop lug 108 and the guide tongue 107. In addition to the cutout 112 for the permanent magnet 113, the end wall 103 also contains ventilation bores 114 to 117 for the coil winding (not shown here) (4 in FIG. 1), also one in FIG. 3c by dashed lines Indicated recess 118 for the plate-shaped arm 2b, 119 of the coil body (see. Fig. 1 and Fig. 4) as a guide piece for the frame (6 in Fig. 1).

In Fig. 4 ist der Spulenkörper mit Seitenwänden 151, 152, permanent-magnetischem Kern 153, der über die Seitenwände 151, 152 etwas vorsteht, und dem plattenförmigen Ausleger 154 mit Aushöhlungen 155, 156 für die Anschlußdrähte der Spulenwicklung dargestellt; der Ausleger 154 dient auch als Führungsstück für den Rahmen 6 in Fig. 1, wie es in Fig. 1 teilweise gestrichelt angedeutet ist.4 is the coil former with side walls 151, 152, permanent-magnetic core 153, which protrudes somewhat beyond the side walls 151, 152, and the plate-shaped arm 154 shown with hollows 155, 156 for the connecting wires of the coil winding; the arm 154 also serves as a guide piece for the frame 6 in FIG. 1, as is partially indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1.

In Fig. 5 ist gesondert dargestellt, wie der zweiarmige Hebel 201 (25 in Fig. 1) aus dem breiteren Arm 202 mit der Führungsnase 203 und dem fingerförmigen Arm 204 mit der Halbkugel 205 einstückig zusammengesetzt ist und an den einen Arm 202 des Schiebers 206 mittels der Verbindungsstücke 207 einstückig trägt. Es sind noch weitere Führungselemente, Rastelemente und Rastnuten, wie in der einschlägigen Praxis allgemein üblich, in zweckmäßiger Weise angeordnet.FIG. 5 shows separately how the two-armed lever 201 (25 in FIG. 1) is composed in one piece from the wider arm 202 with the guide lug 203 and the finger-shaped arm 204 with the hemisphere 205 and on one arm 202 of the slide 206 by means of the connecting pieces 207 in one piece. There are further guide elements, locking elements and locking grooves, as is common in the relevant practice, arranged appropriately.

Die Schaltungsanordnung der Fig. 6 zur Erzeugung von Strom-Impulsen wechselnder Polarität und von wählbarer Dauer gemäß einer aufeinanderfolgenden Betätigung eines Tasters mit dem zu diesem führenden Eingangsklemmen 251, 252, den an die Spulenwicklung 253 der erfindungsgemäßen bistabilen magnetischen Anordnung führenden Ausgangsklemmen 254, 255 und den an den Phasen- (L) und der Null- (N)-Leiter eines Wechselstromnetzes angeschlossenen Stromversorgungsleitungen 256, 257 bzw. Gleichrichtergruppe aus Vorwiderstand 258, Gleichrichterdiode 259, Ladekondensator 260, Zenerdiode 261 und der positiven "+" -Gleichspannungsleitung 262 für die Stromversorgung des JK-FLIP-FLOP-Bausteins 263 weist im Eingangskreis des Takteingangs (Cp) 264 den Opto-Koppler 265 auf, durch den der Stromkreis 266 mit den Eingangsklemmen 251, 252 galvanisch von dem Takteingang 264 getrennt ist, und im Stromkreis der Ausgangsklemme 254, die antiparallel geschalteten Thyristoren 267, 268, deren "Gate"-Elektroden mit den Ausgangssignalen der Opto-Koppler-Einheiten 269 und 270 beaufschlagt werden und deren dem Ausgang entgegengesetzte Elektroden an die Stromversorgungsleitung 256 angeschlossen sind.The circuit arrangement of FIG. 6 for generating current pulses of alternating polarity and of selectable duration in accordance with a successive actuation of a button with the input terminals 251, 252 leading to it, the output terminals 254, 255 and leading to the coil winding 253 of the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention the power supply lines 256, 257 or rectifier group connected from the series resistor 258, rectifier diode 259, charging capacitor 260, zener diode 261 and the positive "+" DC voltage line 262 for the phase (L) and zero (N) conductors of an AC network Power supply of the JK-FLIP-FLOP module 263 has in the input circuit of the clock input (Cp) 264 the optocoupler 265, by means of which the circuit 266 with the input terminals 251, 252 is galvanically separated from the clock input 264, and in the circuit of the output terminal 254, the antiparallel connected thyristors 267, 268, the "gate" electrodes of which Output signals of the opto-coupler units 269 and 270 are applied and the electrodes opposite the output are connected to the power supply line 256.

Je nachdem, ob die weiteren Setz- (Sc) bzw. Rücksetz- (CD) Eingänge 271 bzw. 272, gegebenenfalls über weitere Opto-Koppler 273, 274 mit einem Signal von positiver oder Null-Spannung beaufschlagt sind, kehren sich die Ausgangssignale zwischen den Anschlüssen "Q" und "FIG" mit jeder positiven Spannungsflanke am Takteingang 264 um, so daß hinter dem Kondensator 275 an den antiparallel geschalteten Dioden 276, 277 mit Leuchteffekt ("Leuchtdioden") der Opto-Koppler 269, 270 ein positiver bzw. ein negativer Spannungsimpuls auftritt. Dementsprechend überträgt die jeweils aktivierte Leuchtdiode den Spannungsimpuls - galvanisch getrennt - auf den zugehörigen Fototransistor 278, 279, der dann über die zugehörige Steuerelektrode den betreffenden Thyristor 267, 268 so aussteuert, daß Ströme wechselnder Richtung durch die Spulenwicklung fließen; die erfindungsgemäße bistabile magnetische Anordnung wird also durch Ströme wechselnder Richtung zum Wechsel der gegenseitigen Lage von Spule 5 und Rahmen 6 veranlaßt. Dh. im Falle des Ausführungsbeispiels von Fig. 1, daß eine schnelle Hin- und Herbewegung des Rahmens 6 veranlaßt wird und damit mittels des stabförmigen Auslegers 21 eine Betätigung einer mechanischen oder elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung. Es ist ohne weiteres erkennbar, daß anstelle einer elektrischen Kontaktgruppe auch mechanische Elemente durch die erfindungsgemäße bistabile magnetische Anordnung in wechselnde Betriebsstellungen geschaltet werden können.Depending on whether the further set (S c ) or reset (C D ) inputs 271 or 272, possibly via a further opto-coupler 273, 274, are supplied with a signal of positive or zero voltage, the reverse Output signals between the connections "Q" and "FIG" with each positive voltage edge at the clock input 264 so that behind the capacitor 275 on the antiparallel connected diodes 276, 277 with light effect ("light-emitting diodes") of the opto-couplers 269, 270 a positive or a negative voltage pulse occurs. Accordingly, the respectively activated light-emitting diode transmits the voltage pulse - electrically isolated - to the associated phototransistor 278, 279, which then controls the relevant thyristor 267, 268 via the associated control electrode so that currents of alternating direction flow through the coil winding; the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention is thus caused by currents of alternating direction to change the mutual position of coil 5 and frame 6. Ie. in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 1 that a rapid back and forth movement of the frame 6 is caused and thus actuation of a mechanical or electrical switching device by means of the rod-shaped arm 21. It is readily apparent that instead of an electrical contact group, mechanical elements can also be switched into changing operating positions by the bistable magnetic arrangement according to the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A bistable magnetic arrangement comprising as the first magnetic link a core (3) which is enclosed by a coil (5) and can be residually magnetized alternately by coil currents of alternating direction, and as the second magnetic link two permanent magnets (13, 14) receiving the residually magnetizable core (3) between themselves in its axial direction, one of the magnetic links being mounted to be axially displaced in relation to the other magnetic link alternately into one or the other of two end positins by the reversal of the coil current,
characterized in that
a) the core (3) is made from a magnetically hard material, e. g., ALNICO - i. e., has a medium coercitive field strength and is rigidly attached to the fixed coil member (2),
b) the permanent magnets (13, 14) are made of a magnetically extremely hard material, e. g., SECO (rare earth cobalt) or oxide ceramic ferrite - i. e., have a coercitive field strength which is substantially higher than that of the material of the core (3),
c) associated with the two flat permanent magnets (13, 14) forming the displaceable magnetic link is a frame (6) of a nonmagnetic material which receives the magnets in opposite end faces (7, 8) and is guided on fixed parts (2b) of the bistable arrangement over the path of movement of the displaceable magnetic link (13, 14) and that
d) the frame (6) has a suitably constructed actuating member (21) for a switching device.
2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that, the frame (6) retaining the two permanent magnets (13, 14) in two opposite end walls (7, 8) has spacer members (9, 10) which bridge the distance between the end walls (7, 8) and are constructed in the form of skids (11, 12).
3. An arrangement according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the duration of the current pulses for the reversal of polarity of the core (3) amounts to a fraction of a a. c. half-cycle.
4. An arrangement according to either of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the current source for the coil (5) has controllable semiconductors, e. g., thyristors (267, 268) to whose control grid the pulse output (Q, Q) is applied, if necessary via optocouplers (269, 270), of a J-K flip-flop module (263), to whose timing input (264) the control current circuit (266) is applied, if necessary again via an optocoupler (265), so that the particular pulse output (Q, Q) for one current direction or the other delivers during the particular a. c. half-wave with a selectable cycle portion a brief current pulse for the magnetic reversal of polarity of the core (3) of the coil (5).
5. An arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the core (3) of the coil (5) has at least substantially the same length as the latter.
6. An arrangement according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coil body (2) is mounted on a casing plate (assembly plate 1), the frame (6) is displaceably mounted, on a plate- shaped arm (2b) of the coil body (2) and the actuating member takes the form of a rod- shaped arm (21) formed on an end wall (7) of the frame (6) and has a recess (73) (Fig. 2) for a contact arm (69) belonging to a set of electric contact springs (65, 66, 69) of the switching device and/or for a display of the switch position.
7. An arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the frame (6) is rectangular in construction and longer than the coil body (2) of the coil (5) associated therewith.
8. An arrangement according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that one of the spacer members (9, 10) of the frame (6) has an if necessary slotted guide tongue (22), extending from one end of the frame (6) via the spacer member (9), for a first arm (25a) of a manually operable lever (25) whose second, preferably finger-shaped arm (29) encloses a right angle with the first arm (25a) and bears in actuating contact against one of the end walls (8) of the frame (6) and is operatively connected to a set of auxiliary electric contact springs (32, 33).
EP81110415A 1981-12-14 1981-12-14 Bistable magnetic device Expired EP0081605B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81110415A EP0081605B1 (en) 1981-12-14 1981-12-14 Bistable magnetic device
AT81110415T ATE46984T1 (en) 1981-12-14 1981-12-14 BISTABLE MAGNETIC ARRANGEMENT.
DE8181110415T DE3177113D1 (en) 1981-12-14 1981-12-14 Bistable magnetic device
DE19823243949 DE3243949A1 (en) 1981-12-14 1982-11-27 BISTABLE MAGNETIC ARRANGEMENT
ES518183A ES518183A0 (en) 1981-12-14 1982-12-14 BISTABLE MAGNETIC ARRANGEMENT FOR OPERATION OF MECHANICAL OR ELECTRICAL MANEUVER DEVICES.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81110415A EP0081605B1 (en) 1981-12-14 1981-12-14 Bistable magnetic device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0081605A1 EP0081605A1 (en) 1983-06-22
EP0081605B1 true EP0081605B1 (en) 1989-10-04

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EP81110415A Expired EP0081605B1 (en) 1981-12-14 1981-12-14 Bistable magnetic device

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EP (1) EP0081605B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE46984T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3177113D1 (en)
ES (1) ES518183A0 (en)

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JPS63164135A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-07-07 山本　誠二 Driver for working piece
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DE3942542A1 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-27 Lungu Cornelius BISTABLE MAGNETIC DRIVE WITH PERMANENT MAGNETIC HUBANKER
EP0433592A1 (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Computer controlled electric timer
GB2374218A (en) * 2001-04-06 2002-10-09 John Russell Fielden Switch & switching circuit

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3243949A1 (en) 1983-09-22
ES8402979A1 (en) 1984-03-01
DE3177113D1 (en) 1989-11-09
EP0081605A1 (en) 1983-06-22
ES518183A0 (en) 1984-03-01
ATE46984T1 (en) 1989-10-15

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