EP0080160A1 - Permanent magnets - Google Patents
Permanent magnets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0080160A1 EP0080160A1 EP19820110609 EP82110609A EP0080160A1 EP 0080160 A1 EP0080160 A1 EP 0080160A1 EP 19820110609 EP19820110609 EP 19820110609 EP 82110609 A EP82110609 A EP 82110609A EP 0080160 A1 EP0080160 A1 EP 0080160A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- weight
- ferrite
- reactive
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/10—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites, e.g. [(Ba,Sr)O(Fe2O3)6] ferrites with hexagonal structure
- H01F1/11—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites, e.g. [(Ba,Sr)O(Fe2O3)6] ferrites with hexagonal structure in the form of particles
- H01F1/113—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites, e.g. [(Ba,Sr)O(Fe2O3)6] ferrites with hexagonal structure in the form of particles in a bonding agent
- H01F1/117—Flexible bodies
Definitions
- Flexible permanent magnets have been used extensively in gasket assemblies for sealing the space between the door and cabinet of refrigerators, food freezers and like structures. Such magnets also have found extensive use in a variety of other applications, including use in advertising sheet materials that can be removably attached to an appropriate metal surface, as an attaching component in storm window framing, in motors, in sheet backing for carpeting to anchor the carpeting to steel flooring, as toy components, etc.
- such magnets may be made by incorporating a magnetic powder into an elastomer binder and shaping the composition into the desired configuration, followed by orientation of the particles of magnetic powder within the binder in order to enhance the potential magnetic properties of the composition.
- the resulting composition is subjected to a magnetizing field to magnetize the particles of magnetic powder within the composition.
- the mixing operation can be carried out in any convenient manner, such as by mixing the components of the magnetic composition together in a Banbury mixer, on a roll mill or in an extruder.
- the method or methods which can be used for shaping the composition will depend to a significant degree on the configuration into which the composition is to be formed. For example, if thin sheets of the magnetic composition are desired, the sheets can be formed by a conventional calendering operation. Strip magnets of the type used in refrigerator gasket assemblies normally are formed as a continuous strip by extruding the magnetic composition through an appropriately-shaped extrusion die. Magnetization of the particles of magnetic material within the composition can be accomplished by subjecting the shaped product to a magnetic field of sufficient strength.
- the amount of powdered magnetic material present in the magnetic composition will influence the strength of a magnet that can be formed from the composition.
- the larger the quantity of powered magnetic material in the composition the greater will be the strength of a magnet which can be formed from the composition (provided that the degree of orientation of the magnetic particles is equal).
- the stiffness of the composition also increases and ultimately the composition may become friable and unable to be "worked” further.
- the energy required for mixing or the pressure required for extrusion may become objectionably high as greater quantities of the magnetic powder are added to the composition.
- the present invention provides a magnetic composition that exhibits outstanding processing characteristics that enable the composition to be processed easily using less energy input and to be extruded at extrusion pressures lower than required with current commercial compositions containing comparable loadings of magnetic material
- the composition is able to accommodate higher loadings of the powdered magnetic material without losing its capability of being "worked” and shaped and, as a result of the possible higher loadings, can be formed into magnets of higher strengths.
- a magnetic composition is provided that is comprised of (1) powdered magnetic material and (2) a polyacrylic elastomer binder for the magnetic material.
- Magnets formed from the composition not only can be of higher strength due to the higher loadings of magnetic powder that can be included in the composition, but also can be made into magnets that have a greater degree of flexibility than previously realized and which will withstand higher temperatures without exhibiting objectionable degradation.
- the magnetic composition of the present invention is comprised of (1) a finely-divided magnetic material and (2) polyacrylic elastomer binder for the magnetic material.
- the magnetic material can be combined with the polyacrylic elastomer component of the composition in any convenient manner, such as by mixing the components of the composition together in a Banbury mixer or on a roll mill.
- the mixed composition usually is cubed or granulated to put it in a form that can be handled easily for further processing.
- the composition then is shaped into the desired configuration. If a flat thin sheet is desired, shaping can be accomplished on a calendering mill.
- the cubed or granulated magnetic composition can be fed into a screw-type extruder and forced through an appropriately-shaped extrusion die to form a continuous strip of the magnetic composition of the desired cross-sectional configuration.
- the composition also can be shaped by injection molding or by shaping in conventional sectional molds. The shaped composition thereafter is exposed to a magnetizing field to magnetize the magnetic particles with the composition.
- the binder component of the composition can be any polyacrylic elastomer that has a Mooney viscosity between 20 to 70, preferably between 25 to 60, when measured according to the procedure described in ASTM Designation No. 1646 after four minutes running time at 100°C.
- a backbone component having the structure: derived from an alkyl acrylate (such as ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate and octyl acrylate) and where x is an integer and n is from 2 to 8, or having the structure derived from an alkoxy acrylate (such as methoxy ethyl acrylate and ethoxy ethyl acrylate) and where x is an integer, n is 2 and m is 1 or 2.
- an alkyl acrylate such as ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate and octyl acrylate
- x is an integer and n is from 2 to 8
- alkoxy acrylate such as methoxy ethyl acrylate and
- the polymer may contain up to 5 percent by weight of reactive functional groups that can function as cure cites.
- reactive functional groups are reactive halogen groups having the structure where X is chlorine or bromine (such as results from the copolymerization of the alkyl acrylate or alkoxy acrylate with 2-chlorethyl vinyl ether), or reactive epoxy groups having the structure (such as results from the copolymerization of the alkyl acrylate or alkoxy acrylate with an alkyl glycidyl ether), or reactive carboxyl groups having the structure (such as results from the copolymerization of the alkyl acrylate or alkoxy acrylate with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid) or reactive hydroxyl groups having the structure (such as results from the copolymerization of the alkyl acrylate or alkoxy acrylate with an hydroxalkyl acrylate).
- the magnetic component can be any anisotropic magnetizable material in fine particulate form, but preferably is a ferrite of barium, lead, or strontium, or a mixture thereof in a finely-divided state so that the individual particles desirably approach the size of the magnetic domains of the material.
- a ferrite is defined as a material having the formula MO.nFe 2 0 3 wherein M is barium, lead or strontium and n is an integer. Of the commercial ferrites, barium ferrite (BaFe 12 0 19 ) is preferred.
- the particle size of the magnetic component desirably is within the size range of 0.5 to 10 microns with an average particle size preferably being 1 to 1.5 microns.
- the composition of the present invention can accommodate up to about 1200 parts by weight of the magnetic material per 100 parts by weight of the polyacrylic binder component. As a result of the increased amount of magnetic material that can be incorporated into the composition, magnets of greater magnetic strength can be formed.
- a processing aid for the polyacrylic binder component can be added to the composition.
- the processing aid should have a softening point below the temperature at which the magnetic composition is mixed and shaped to produce optimum results.
- Polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with an acrylic acid or vinyl acetate which have softening points when measured in accordance with the procedure described in ASTM Designation No. E-28 of between 60 to 120°C. are preferred processing aids. Desirably, from 1 to 15 parts by weight of such processing aid is used per 100 parts by weight of the polyacrylic elastomer in the magnetic composition.
- control strip magnet had the following physical properties:
- the polymer binders used in the examples were:
- compositions were mixed on an open mill.
- Mixing time for the polyacrylic elastomer binder compositions was ten (10) minutes and mixing time for the chlorosulfonated polyethylene/polyisobutylene binder compositions was 20 minutes.
- Each composition was run through a capillary extrusion die in a constant load rheometer at the following conditions:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Flexible permanent magnets have been used extensively in gasket assemblies for sealing the space between the door and cabinet of refrigerators, food freezers and like structures. Such magnets also have found extensive use in a variety of other applications, including use in advertising sheet materials that can be removably attached to an appropriate metal surface, as an attaching component in storm window framing, in motors, in sheet backing for carpeting to anchor the carpeting to steel flooring, as toy components, etc.
- As described in U.S. Patent No. 2,959,832, such magnets may be made by incorporating a magnetic powder into an elastomer binder and shaping the composition into the desired configuration, followed by orientation of the particles of magnetic powder within the binder in order to enhance the potential magnetic properties of the composition. The resulting composition is subjected to a magnetizing field to magnetize the particles of magnetic powder within the composition.
- The mixing operation can be carried out in any convenient manner, such as by mixing the components of the magnetic composition together in a Banbury mixer, on a roll mill or in an extruder. The method or methods which can be used for shaping the composition will depend to a significant degree on the configuration into which the composition is to be formed. For example, if thin sheets of the magnetic composition are desired, the sheets can be formed by a conventional calendering operation. Strip magnets of the type used in refrigerator gasket assemblies normally are formed as a continuous strip by extruding the magnetic composition through an appropriately-shaped extrusion die. Magnetization of the particles of magnetic material within the composition can be accomplished by subjecting the shaped product to a magnetic field of sufficient strength.
- The amount of powdered magnetic material present in the magnetic composition will influence the strength of a magnet that can be formed from the composition. Usually, the larger the quantity of powered magnetic material in the composition, the greater will be the strength of a magnet which can be formed from the composition (provided that the degree of orientation of the magnetic particles is equal). However, as the quantity of powdered magnetic material in the composition is increased, the stiffness of the composition also increases and ultimately the composition may become friable and unable to be "worked" further. Also, the energy required for mixing or the pressure required for extrusion may become objectionably high as greater quantities of the magnetic powder are added to the composition.
- The present invention provides a magnetic composition that exhibits outstanding processing characteristics that enable the composition to be processed easily using less energy input and to be extruded at extrusion pressures lower than required with current commercial compositions containing comparable loadings of magnetic material The composition is able to accommodate higher loadings of the powdered magnetic material without losing its capability of being "worked" and shaped and, as a result of the possible higher loadings, can be formed into magnets of higher strengths.
- In accordance with the present invention, a magnetic composition is provided that is comprised of (1) powdered magnetic material and (2) a polyacrylic elastomer binder for the magnetic material. Magnets formed from the composition not only can be of higher strength due to the higher loadings of magnetic powder that can be included in the composition, but also can be made into magnets that have a greater degree of flexibility than previously realized and which will withstand higher temperatures without exhibiting objectionable degradation.
- As indicated above, the magnetic composition of the present invention is comprised of (1) a finely-divided magnetic material and (2) polyacrylic elastomer binder for the magnetic material. The magnetic material can be combined with the polyacrylic elastomer component of the composition in any convenient manner, such as by mixing the components of the composition together in a Banbury mixer or on a roll mill. The mixed composition, usually is cubed or granulated to put it in a form that can be handled easily for further processing. The composition then is shaped into the desired configuration. If a flat thin sheet is desired, shaping can be accomplished on a calendering mill. If a magnet in the form of a strip is required, the cubed or granulated magnetic composition can be fed into a screw-type extruder and forced through an appropriately-shaped extrusion die to form a continuous strip of the magnetic composition of the desired cross-sectional configuration. The composition also can be shaped by injection molding or by shaping in conventional sectional molds. The shaped composition thereafter is exposed to a magnetizing field to magnetize the magnetic particles with the composition.
- The binder component of the composition can be any polyacrylic elastomer that has a Mooney viscosity between 20 to 70, preferably between 25 to 60, when measured according to the procedure described in ASTM Designation No. 1646 after four minutes running time at 100°C. using the large rotor and with a one minute warm-up period and that is a polymer comprised of from 95 to 100 percent by weight of a backbone component having the structure:
- The magnetic component can be any anisotropic magnetizable material in fine particulate form, but preferably is a ferrite of barium, lead, or strontium, or a mixture thereof in a finely-divided state so that the individual particles desirably approach the size of the magnetic domains of the material. As used herein, a ferrite is defined as a material having the formula MO.nFe203 wherein M is barium, lead or strontium and n is an integer. Of the commercial ferrites, barium ferrite (BaFe12019) is preferred. The particle size of the magnetic component desirably is within the size range of 0.5 to 10 microns with an average particle size preferably being 1 to 1.5 microns. Although commercial flexible permanent magnets currently being sold can contain as an upper limit only about 1,000 parts by weight of the magnetic component per 100 parts by weight of the binder component (since use of more than about 1000 parts by weight of the magnetic component per 100 parts by weight of binder produces a composition that is unable to be worked satisfactorily and that is objectionably friable and brittle), the composition of the present invention can accommodate up to about 1200 parts by weight of the magnetic material per 100 parts by weight of the polyacrylic binder component. As a result of the increased amount of magnetic material that can be incorporated into the composition, magnets of greater magnetic strength can be formed.
- If desired, a small quantity of a processing aid for the polyacrylic binder component can be added to the composition. The processing aid should have a softening point below the temperature at which the magnetic composition is mixed and shaped to produce optimum results. Polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with an acrylic acid or vinyl acetate which have softening points when measured in accordance with the procedure described in ASTM Designation No. E-28 of between 60 to 120°C. are preferred processing aids. Desirably, from 1 to 15 parts by weight of such processing aid is used per 100 parts by weight of the polyacrylic elastomer in the magnetic composition.
- The invention will be further understood by reference to the following examples.
-
- The ingredients were mixed together on a roll mill, sheeted off the mill and granulated. The granules were fed to a conventional extruder fitted with a heated die which produced a strip-type extrusion rectangular in cross-section. As the strip of material was discharged from the extrusion die, it was advanced through a magnetic field to magnetize the particles of ferrite in the composition. Various operating conditions employed in the manufacture of the strip materials and selected physical properties of the strip magnet formed are listed in Table I:
-
- The "control" strip magnet had the following physical properties:
-
-
-
- The compositions were mixed on an open mill. Mixing time for the polyacrylic elastomer binder compositions (Examples VI-X) was ten (10) minutes and mixing time for the chlorosulfonated polyethylene/polyisobutylene binder compositions was 20 minutes. Each composition was run through a capillary extrusion die in a constant load rheometer at the following conditions:
-
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US32320981A | 1981-11-20 | 1981-11-20 | |
US323209 | 1981-11-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0080160A1 true EP0080160A1 (en) | 1983-06-01 |
EP0080160B1 EP0080160B1 (en) | 1986-01-22 |
Family
ID=23258182
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820110609 Expired EP0080160B1 (en) | 1981-11-20 | 1982-11-18 | Permanent magnets |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0080160B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5896702A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3268714D1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2134128A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-08 | Oilfield Inspection Services | Magnetically conductive materials and articles and methods using them |
EP0135072A1 (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-03-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | In-line color picture tube having magnetic convergence device and magnetizer apparatus for magnetic convergence device |
GB2153367A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-21 | Picker Int Ltd | Flexible shim for n.m.r. apparatus |
EP0380866A2 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-08-08 | Gencorp Inc. | Acrylate copolymers, and magnets using them as binder |
EP0481467A2 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-04-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Environmentally friendly polymeric compositions and application of same |
US5115063A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1992-05-19 | Gencorp Inc. | High magnetic strength magnets containing a flexible acrylate-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid salt binder |
GB2343897A (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-24 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Polymeric magnet compound |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2959832A (en) * | 1957-10-31 | 1960-11-15 | Baermann Max | Flexible or resilient permanent magnets |
US3257586A (en) * | 1960-03-03 | 1966-06-21 | Magnetfabrik Bonn Gewerkschaft | Flexible permanent magnet and composition |
DE1414803A1 (en) * | 1960-12-07 | 1968-10-10 | Goodrich Co B F | Method and device for producing magnetically anisotropic, elongated magnets |
DE1302093B (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1969-12-18 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Process for the production of preferentially oriented permanent magnets bound by binding agents |
DE1464613B2 (en) * | 1961-05-29 | 1971-02-11 | The B.F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio (V.St.A) | Flexible permanent magnet body |
US3602986A (en) * | 1969-10-31 | 1971-09-07 | Du Pont | Method of fabricating radially oriented magnets |
DE2149698A1 (en) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-04-20 | Cochardt Geb Mattes Hildegard | Flexible permanent magnet and method of making it |
DE2248533A1 (en) * | 1972-01-13 | 1973-07-19 | Ios Ind Ossidi Sinterizzati | METHOD FOR GIVING PLASTOMAGNETIC STRUCTURES AN OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF DEFORMABLE, ELASTIC MATERIAL AND PLASTOMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OBTAINED BY THE METHOD |
US4022701A (en) * | 1974-04-26 | 1977-05-10 | Japan Special Steel Co., Ltd. | High-performance anisotropic plastics magnet and a process for producing the same |
-
1982
- 1982-11-18 EP EP19820110609 patent/EP0080160B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-18 DE DE8282110609T patent/DE3268714D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-19 JP JP20225882A patent/JPS5896702A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2959832A (en) * | 1957-10-31 | 1960-11-15 | Baermann Max | Flexible or resilient permanent magnets |
DE1302093B (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1969-12-18 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Process for the production of preferentially oriented permanent magnets bound by binding agents |
US3257586A (en) * | 1960-03-03 | 1966-06-21 | Magnetfabrik Bonn Gewerkschaft | Flexible permanent magnet and composition |
DE1414803A1 (en) * | 1960-12-07 | 1968-10-10 | Goodrich Co B F | Method and device for producing magnetically anisotropic, elongated magnets |
DE1464613B2 (en) * | 1961-05-29 | 1971-02-11 | The B.F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio (V.St.A) | Flexible permanent magnet body |
US3602986A (en) * | 1969-10-31 | 1971-09-07 | Du Pont | Method of fabricating radially oriented magnets |
DE2149698A1 (en) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-04-20 | Cochardt Geb Mattes Hildegard | Flexible permanent magnet and method of making it |
DE2248533A1 (en) * | 1972-01-13 | 1973-07-19 | Ios Ind Ossidi Sinterizzati | METHOD FOR GIVING PLASTOMAGNETIC STRUCTURES AN OPTIMAL STRUCTURE OF DEFORMABLE, ELASTIC MATERIAL AND PLASTOMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OBTAINED BY THE METHOD |
US4022701A (en) * | 1974-04-26 | 1977-05-10 | Japan Special Steel Co., Ltd. | High-performance anisotropic plastics magnet and a process for producing the same |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2134128A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-08 | Oilfield Inspection Services | Magnetically conductive materials and articles and methods using them |
EP0135072A1 (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-03-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | In-line color picture tube having magnetic convergence device and magnetizer apparatus for magnetic convergence device |
GB2153367A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-21 | Picker Int Ltd | Flexible shim for n.m.r. apparatus |
US4631481A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1986-12-23 | Picker International Limited | N.M.R. shims |
EP0380866A2 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-08-08 | Gencorp Inc. | Acrylate copolymers, and magnets using them as binder |
EP0380866A3 (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1991-04-03 | Gencorp Inc. | Acrylate copolymers, and magnets using them as binder |
US5115063A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1992-05-19 | Gencorp Inc. | High magnetic strength magnets containing a flexible acrylate-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid salt binder |
EP0481467A2 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-04-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Environmentally friendly polymeric compositions and application of same |
EP0481467B1 (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1997-05-07 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Environmentally friendly polymeric compositions and application of same |
GB2343897A (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-24 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Polymeric magnet compound |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0080160B1 (en) | 1986-01-22 |
JPS5896702A (en) | 1983-06-08 |
DE3268714D1 (en) | 1986-03-06 |
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