EP0078351A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif d'un moteur à absorption et à refroidissement extérieur - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif d'un moteur à absorption et à refroidissement extérieur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078351A1
EP0078351A1 EP81305181A EP81305181A EP0078351A1 EP 0078351 A1 EP0078351 A1 EP 0078351A1 EP 81305181 A EP81305181 A EP 81305181A EP 81305181 A EP81305181 A EP 81305181A EP 0078351 A1 EP0078351 A1 EP 0078351A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
absorption
solvent
distiller
mechanical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81305181A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0078351B1 (fr
Inventor
Verdon C. Brinkerhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
New Energy Dimension Corp
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New Energy Dimension Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by New Energy Dimension Corp filed Critical New Energy Dimension Corp
Priority to DE8181305181T priority Critical patent/DE3176065D1/de
Priority to EP81305181A priority patent/EP0078351B1/fr
Priority to AT81305181T priority patent/ATE26327T1/de
Publication of EP0078351A1 publication Critical patent/EP0078351A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0078351B1 publication Critical patent/EP0078351B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an external combustion engine apparatus and, more particularly, to a closed cycle, two- fluid, externally cooled, vapor standard engine apparatus and method.
  • a conventional external combustion engine receives energy from an external combustion source to vaporize a single working fluid.
  • the working fluid is utilized in an expansion engine apparatus where the thermal energy of the working fluid is converted to mechanical energy.
  • the working fluid is condensed after passing through the mechanical expansion engine and returned to the boiler where it is again vaporized. While certain savings are realized by returning the working fluid to the boiler, it is well-known that unless extensive condenser apparatus is provided, a substantial backpressure exists in the working fluid thereby lowering the efficiency of the mechanical expansion engine.
  • Dual fluid systems are known in the art and generally incorporate a lower boiling point working fluid and a higher boiling point solvent.
  • the solvent is chosen so that it has a relatively high degree of absorptivity for the working fluid.
  • One such system is the well-known ammonia/water system which is used for numerous applications, primarily in the field of refrigeration.
  • a closed vapor standard heat engine to convert thermal energy int-a mechanical energy whereby the working fluid is distilled from a solution consisting of working fluid and solvent and thereafter superheated prior to being passed into the mechanical expansion engine.
  • the exhausted working fluid is absorbed in solvent with the heat of absorption being recovered by an external cooling source.
  • the present invention relates to a closed cycle, dual fluid, externally cooled, vapor standard engine which utilizes heat energy from an external combustion source to distill a working fluid from an absorption solution of working fluid in solvent. Additional heat energy is added to the vaporized working fluid in a superheater to thereby provide an expanded, high-pressure gas. The gas is expanded in a mechanical expansion engine thereby converting the thermal energy therein to mechanical energy. Backpressure of the system downstream of the mechanical expansion engine is significantly reduced by absorbing the working fluid with solvent from the distiller while recovering the heat of absorption therefrom thereby creating an unusually low backpressure in the system downstream of the mechanical expansion engine. The resulting solution is pumped through a countercurrent heat exchanger to remove heat energy from the solvent prior to introducing the solvent into the absorption apparatus and returning the solution to the distiller apparatus.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a closed cycle, vapor standard heat engine wherein a first, working fluid is vaporized in a distiller and superheated prior to being introduced into a mechanical expansion_engine and the backpressure downstream of the mechanical expansion engine is reduced by absorbing the working fluid with solvent from the distiller apparatus.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a closed cycle, vapor standard engine apparatus wherein thermal energy produced in the absorption apparatus is removed externally through a heat exchanger apparatus.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel apparatus for absorbing working fluid downstream of the mechanical expansion engine and removing the heat of absorption generated thereby.
  • Distillation is a well-known method for separating the various components of a solution. The process depends upon the distribution of all the substances therein between the gaseous phase and the liquid phase, and is applied to cases where both components are present in both phases. Distillation differs from absorption and desorption in that a new substance is not introduced into the mixture in order to provide the second phase. Instead, the new phase is created from the original solution by vaporization or condensation. Distillation is, therefore, concerned with the separation of solutions where all of the components are appreciably volatile.
  • a well-known example in this category is the separation by distillation of the components of a liquid solution of ammonia (working fluid) and water . (solvent).
  • distillation is conventionally achieved by distilling a combined dual fluid solution in an insulated, high-pressure distiller to produce the vapor (working fluid) from the absorption solution, leaving the solvent-rich second fluid (solvent) as a bottom product in the distiller.
  • Heat energy is transferred into the solution to create the separation with the vaporized fluid being conducted through a one-way valve where it may be subjected to additional input of heat energy, as desired.
  • additional heat energy can be imparted to the vaporized working fluid by a superheater arrangement also utilizing heat energy from an external combustion source.
  • a conventional mechanical expansion engine apparatus may be utilized for the purpose of converting the thermal energy content of the heated working fluid vapor into mechanical energy. Numerous devices are utilized for this purpose and are provided primarily in the form of turbines, and the like. The mechanical energy derived therefrom may be used for various purposes including the generation of electrical energy.
  • an absorption apparatus is provided downstream of the mechanical expansion engine apparatus for the purpose of absorbing the working fluid therein and thereby substantially reduce the backpressure to the mechanical expansion engine for the purpose of enhancing the mechanical efficiency.
  • the solubility of the working fluid into the solvent is generally determined by the partial pressures involved as well as the temperatures of the solutions. Accordingly, it is useful to lower the temperature of the solvent prior to introducing the solvent into the absorption apparatus. Additionally, if is well-known that the solution of a gas generally results in the evolution of heat so that it is useful to remove the thermal energy generated thereby to enhance the absorption of the working fluid in the solvent.
  • the externally cooled absorption engine apparatus of this invention is shown generally at 10 and includes a distiller 12, a superheater 14, a mechanical expansion engine 16, an absorption apparatus 20, and a heat exchanger 60. Additional equipment includes a generator 18, a pump 22, and control valves 24 and 26. Each of control valves 24 and 26 are controlled by controllers 25 and 27, respectively.
  • distiller 12 is fabricated as a cylindrical column 30 surrounded by an insulative sheath 32 and includes a coaxial flue 34 extending upwardly and in spaced relationship through column 30 from a combustion chamber 36.
  • a burner 38 provides the necessary heat energy in combustion chamber 36 as indicated schematically by flames 40. The heat energy produced thereby is conducted upwardly through flue 34 where it is vented as cooled exhaust gas 42 to the atmosphere. Flue 34 thereby serves as a heat exchange surface for conducting the heat energy into the interior of column 30.
  • the upper, distillation section includes a plurality of frustoconical distributor rings 44 mounted on the external surface of flue 34.
  • Each of distributor rings 44 serves as a serial catchment basis for solution introduced through inlet 48.
  • the incoming solution is distributed over the external surface of flue 34 by passing downwardly and serially to the next succeeding distributor ring 44 through a plurality of apertures 46 adjacent flue 34.
  • Vaporized working fluid passes upwardly through cylindrical column 30 and through check valve 58 where it is introduced by conduit 59 into the countercurrent heat exchange apparatus of superheater 14.
  • Solvent 50 collects as a pool in the after heater section of the base of distiller 12.
  • the lower end of flue 34 is surrounded in heat exchange relationship with a coil 54 of tubing having an inlet 52 therein.
  • Solvent 50 from adjacent the lower end of distiller 12 is drawn through coils 54 in heat exchange relationship with the lower end of flue 34 prior to being directed by conduit 56 into countercurrent heat exchanger 60.
  • additional heat energy is imparted to solvent 50 by the use of heat exchange coils 54 so that solvent 50 is not only cooled in countercurrent heat exchanger 60 but transfers that heat energy to solution 51 passing upwardly through conduit 48 prior to introduction into distiller 12.
  • Solvent 50 is then controlled by valve 24 and introduced by inlet 57 into the upper end of the absorption column 20.
  • superheater 14 is configurated as a generally cylindrical column 62 surrounded by an insulative layer 64 and includes a coaxial flue 66 extending upwardly therethrough in spaced relationship to column 62.
  • a combustion chamber 70 includes a burner 72 and is interconnected to flue 66 so that the heat energy produced therein, indicated schematically by flames 74, passes upwardly through flue 66 and is exhausted as cooled exhaust 76.
  • the annular space between flue 66 and cylindrical shell 62 is transected by a plurality of annular disks 68 having apertures 69 therein. Disks 68 serve as heat transfer fins for transferring heat energy from flue 66 into the working fluid vapor in the surrounding annular space.
  • Apertures 69 causes thorough mixing and intimate heat exchange contact between the working fluid vapor and disks 68 in its passage downwardly through superheater 14 to exit conduit 78. In this manner, additional heat energy is imparted to the working fluid by superheater 14 thereby increasing the efficiency of the mechanical expansion engine through which the working fluid is passed.
  • Control valve 26 is operated by controller 27 and controls the introduction of high-pressure, high temperature working fluid vapor into mechanical expansion engine 16.
  • Mechanical expansion engine 16 is configurated as a conventional mechanical expansion engine, preferably in the form of a turbine, or the like and converts the thermal energy of working fluid vapor into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then transmitted to a generator 18 by means of a flexible belt 28 cooperating between sheaves 17 and 19. Generator 18, in turn, converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • generator 18 in turn, converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • other conventional devices may be incorporated for the purpose of utilizing the mechanical energy developed by mechanical expansion engine 16.
  • plenum 79 Downstream of mechanical expansion engine 16 the working fluid exhausted therefrom is directed by a plenum 79 into an absorption column 20.
  • plenum 79 extends downwardly into absorption column 20 as a coaxial, perforated cylinder having a plurality of apertures 81.
  • the perforated column of plenum 79 is spaced from the internal wall of the cylindrical column 82 of absorption column 20 and the annular space thereabout is filled with a heat exchange coil 84 extending between an inlet 92 and outlet 90.
  • the upper end or absorption column 82 includes a distributor screen 86 having a plurality of holes 87 for the purpose of distributing solvent 50 downwardly over heat exchange coils 84.
  • the downwardly passing solvent combines with working fluid vapor passing through apertures 81 to create the solution 51.
  • solution 51 is withdrawn through conduit 47 and pumped by high pressure pump 22 through countercurrent heat exchanger 60 prior to being introduced through inlet 48 into distiller 12.
  • the heat of absorption generated by the foregoing absorption process is recovered by being transferred to fluid passing through heat exchange coils 84.
  • a cold, coolant 93 is introduced through inlet 92 and is withdrawn therefrom as a heated coolant 91 through outlet 90.
  • the recovered heat of absorption carried by heated coolant 91 may be utilized as a heat source for any suitable process or apparatus (not shown).
  • Countercurrent heat exchanger 60 is used to transfer heat energy from the relatively hot solvent 50 from the after heater section of distiller 12 into the relatively cool solution 51 from absorption column 20 thereby providing a relatively cool solvent for introduction into the upper end of absorption column 20.
  • the resulting, relatively hot solution 51 is introduced through inlet 48 into distiller 12. In this manner, less thermal energy is required by distiller 12 to produce the working fluid vapor. Additionally, a substantially lower backpressure is provided in absorption column 20 since the incoming solvent through inlet 57 is substantially reduced in temperature. Importantly, additional efficiencies are obtained by cooling the resulting solution 51 which, in turn, contributes greatly to the cooling of incoming solvent 50 in countercurrent heat exchanger 60.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP81305181A 1981-10-30 1981-10-30 Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif d'un moteur à absorption et à refroidissement extérieur Expired EP0078351B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8181305181T DE3176065D1 (en) 1981-10-30 1981-10-30 Externally cooled absorption engine apparatus and method
EP81305181A EP0078351B1 (fr) 1981-10-30 1981-10-30 Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif d'un moteur à absorption et à refroidissement extérieur
AT81305181T ATE26327T1 (de) 1981-10-30 1981-10-30 Verfahren zum betrieb und vorrichtung einer extern gekuehlten absorptionskraftmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81305181A EP0078351B1 (fr) 1981-10-30 1981-10-30 Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif d'un moteur à absorption et à refroidissement extérieur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078351A1 true EP0078351A1 (fr) 1983-05-11
EP0078351B1 EP0078351B1 (fr) 1987-04-01

Family

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EP81305181A Expired EP0078351B1 (fr) 1981-10-30 1981-10-30 Procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif d'un moteur à absorption et à refroidissement extérieur

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EP (1) EP0078351B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE26327T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3176065D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2470278A (en) * 2009-05-11 2010-11-17 Naji Amin Atalla Heat engine and refrigerating heat pump

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE929066C (de) * 1952-10-28 1955-06-20 Herbert Dr-Ing Bachl Mehrstoff-Waermekraftprozess
CH319718A (de) * 1952-10-27 1957-02-28 Bachl Herbert Ing Dr Mehrstoffverfahren zur Umwandlung von thermischer in mechanische Energie in einem thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
US3940939A (en) * 1975-04-14 1976-03-02 Thermo Electron Corporation Vapor cycle engine having a trifluoroethanol and ammonia working fluid
US4009575A (en) * 1975-05-12 1977-03-01 said Thomas L. Hartman, Jr. Multi-use absorption/regeneration power cycle
US4183218A (en) * 1977-01-10 1980-01-15 Eberly David H Jr Thermal powered gas generator
US4195485A (en) * 1978-03-23 1980-04-01 Brinkerhoff Verdon C Distillation/absorption engine
JPS5683504A (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-07-08 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Power plant

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB319718A (en) * 1928-03-23 1929-09-23 Laszlo Bolgar Improvements in or relating to the treatment of crude oils, tars, bituminous residues and the like

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH319718A (de) * 1952-10-27 1957-02-28 Bachl Herbert Ing Dr Mehrstoffverfahren zur Umwandlung von thermischer in mechanische Energie in einem thermodynamischen Kreisprozess
DE929066C (de) * 1952-10-28 1955-06-20 Herbert Dr-Ing Bachl Mehrstoff-Waermekraftprozess
US3940939A (en) * 1975-04-14 1976-03-02 Thermo Electron Corporation Vapor cycle engine having a trifluoroethanol and ammonia working fluid
US4009575A (en) * 1975-05-12 1977-03-01 said Thomas L. Hartman, Jr. Multi-use absorption/regeneration power cycle
US4183218A (en) * 1977-01-10 1980-01-15 Eberly David H Jr Thermal powered gas generator
US4195485A (en) * 1978-03-23 1980-04-01 Brinkerhoff Verdon C Distillation/absorption engine
JPS5683504A (en) * 1979-12-10 1981-07-08 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Power plant

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 5, No. 155, 30. September 1981 page 103M90 & JP- A - 56 - 83504 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2470278A (en) * 2009-05-11 2010-11-17 Naji Amin Atalla Heat engine and refrigerating heat pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3176065D1 (en) 1987-05-07
EP0078351B1 (fr) 1987-04-01
ATE26327T1 (de) 1987-04-15

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