EP0077716A1 - Time pressure injection device with predosage - Google Patents

Time pressure injection device with predosage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0077716A1
EP0077716A1 EP82401861A EP82401861A EP0077716A1 EP 0077716 A1 EP0077716 A1 EP 0077716A1 EP 82401861 A EP82401861 A EP 82401861A EP 82401861 A EP82401861 A EP 82401861A EP 0077716 A1 EP0077716 A1 EP 0077716A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
pressure
chamber
injector
medium pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82401861A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0077716B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Jourde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Regie Nationale des Usines Renault
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Priority to AT82401861T priority Critical patent/ATE13580T1/en
Publication of EP0077716A1 publication Critical patent/EP0077716A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0077716B1 publication Critical patent/EP0077716B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/105Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive hydraulic drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/36Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
    • F02M59/366Valves being actuated electrically

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the direct injection of fuel into internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines.
  • each injector two electromagnetic solenoid valves or servovalves, one being reserved for controlling the start of the injection and the other having the role of ensuring the end of the injection.
  • These two control o ⁇ ga-es perfectly perform the injection function but then have other drawbacks: firstly the injector holder has a relatively large size making it difficult to mount in the engine cylinder heads, mainly on passenger car engines; second, the inevitable dispersion of response times leads to irregularities between the injector holders; finally the very design of electromagnetic solenoid valves or servo-valves which must have a very low response time inevitably leads to leaks not at the seats but by the cylinder-piston games, leaks which have a very great influence on the quantity injected for the same order time.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by providing a pre-metering pressure-time injection device which isolates the high pressure of the pump from the injection pressure, allowing a pre-metering of the quantity injected, by avoiding most of the harmful hydraulic phenomena on the high pressure and on the control, and finally by using only one electromagnetic element per cylinder, the hydraulic circuit being designed in such a way that the inevitable leaks of this electromagnetic element do not not taint the amount injected.
  • the invention consists in providing, in addition to the usual high injection pressure and low booster pressure, an intermediate pressure intermediate between the two preceding ones; to use a double rotary distributor driven in synchronism with the camshaft and alternately distributing the high pressure and the low pressure in a single pipe for each injector; to provide on each injector holder a metering piston moving between a delivery chamber in connection with said single pipe and a metering chamber in connection with the capacity of the injector needle, with, in a known manner, discharge passages of this needle capacity and the control of the needle at the end of the piston stroke; finally to bring this control chamber together by a non-return valve at medium supply pressure and by a three-way solenoid valve alternately with medium pressure at the start of injection and with the metering chamber at the start of metering, the instant of the end of the metering being determined by the end of the distribution of the low pressure by the distributor, and the end of the injection being determined by the end of travel of the metering piston.
  • the device taken as an example corresponds to a four-cylinder engine, and it comprises a single distributor pump assembly corresponding to the box on the left in FIG. 1 designated by the reference EPD, this assembly being joined by four pipes C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 to four EPI injector holder assemblies, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1, and each corresponding to one of the cylinders.
  • the EPD distributor pump assembly comprises two pumps 2 and 4 rotating synchronously while being driven by the engine, either at engine speed, or at half speed like the camshaft.
  • the fuel is sucked into the tank via a filter 1 by the booster pump 2.
  • the discharge pressure of this booster pump, or BP pressure (5 to 10 bars) is regulated by the regulator 3.
  • the fuel is then brought to high pressure HP (for example up to 1000 bars) by pump 4, this high pressure HP being regulated by regulator 5.
  • a third regulator 6 giving rise to an average pressure MP of the order of 30 to 40 bars.
  • the stator 40 of the distributor pump has a bore in which a rotor 41 can rotate at half the engine speed for a four-stroke engine or at the engine speed for a two-stroke engine.
  • This rotor has two stages, namely a high pressure stage A and a low pressure stage B.
  • the high pressure fuel HP penetrates axially into stage A and it is led by a radial bore 32 in a hole 33 of 15 to 20 ° of arc.
  • the stator 40 is pierced with conduits 36, 37, 38 and 39 connected to the pipe C 1 , the conduits 38 and 37 corresponding respectively to stages A and B.
  • the central bore of stage B is connected to the low pressure BP and radial conduits 34 distribute this pressure in a large light obscured over approximately 20 ° by the circular boss 35.
  • the light 33 and the boss 35 are determined and wedged on the rotor 41 in such a way that, when the conduits 38, 39 and 36 are in communication with the HP, the latter cannot pass to the BP through the conduit 37, and only when the conduits 36 and 37 are in communication with the BP, conduit 38 cannot receive the HP.
  • the operation of the assembly which is obviously cyclical, periodically includes injection phases, and pre-dosing phases interspersed with the previous ones.
  • the edge X of the boss 35 of the low pressure stage B of the distributor closes the conduit 37, then the edge Z of the high pressure side A uncovers the conduit 38, allowing the high pressure HP by the conduits 39 and 36 to enter the discharge chamber 21, which, on the one hand, by means of the injection piston 8, puts the injection chamber 22 under identical pressure since the fuel cannot go from the chamber 22 to the control chamber 31 due to the non-return valve 50, and on the other hand puts under the same pressure the control chamber 31 by the conduit 53 and the solenoid valve 9 which is in the rest position and authorizes the communication between 28 and 24 (fig. 2).
  • the non-return valve 10 prevents this high pressure from discharging in the medium pressure, and the pipe 23 also transmits this high pressure to the capacity of needle 7.
  • the pressures at 22, 31 and 7 are equal to the high pressure and, as we have seen, the control thrust, much greater than the hydraulic lifting force. of the needle, keeps it in contact with its seat. This is illustrated by the diagram in fig. 3.
  • the solenoid valve 9 is energized which puts the conduits 24 and 26 into communication, allowing the high pressure prevailing in the control chamber 31 to drop to the level of the medium pressure.
  • This new state is illustrated in fig. 4. We are therefore in the case described above where the medium pressure prevails at 31, and the high pressure at 7, and where, as we have seen, the control thrust becomes much less than the hydraulic lifting force , the latter then lifting the needle to allow fuel to be injected.
  • the quantity of fuel previously predosed in the injection chamber 22 is then discharged under the high pressure HP by the piston 8. Simultaneously, or with appropriate offsets, on the one hand the lower edge of the piston 8 closes the conduit 23 while the hole 20b puts the conduit 43 in communication with the medium pressure, and on the other hand the fuel remaining in the chamber 22 can be discharged into the control chamber 31 through the conduit 19 thanks to the hole 20a, which has for effect of ensuring good rapid closure of the injector under the combined effect of its spring 12, the pressure drop at 7 and the increase pressure at 31, and at the same time to avoid any rebound of the needle thanks to this recharging of the control chamber 31.
  • This phase is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the throttle 44 but especially to the low relative value of the pressure difference between MP and BP, the time during which this dosing must take place retains a relatively large value, even for low load regimes, which allows to regulate it with precision by the electronic computer which controls the injection.
  • stage B of the distributor which determines the end of the injection at the precise instant when the edge X comes to close off the conduit 37, as illustrated in FIG. 8, which interrupts the upward movement of the piston 8, therefore ends the metering in the injection chamber 22.
  • the electronic computer which is synchronized with the engine cycle, knows exactly when the conduit 37 is closed and can therefore accurately calculate the dosing time.
  • the invention thus allows injection under very high pressure, perfectly constant and regulated, and a precise pre-metering while using for each cylinder only one solenoid valve, which opens and closes only once per cycle, serving at the same time to trigger the start of injection and the start of dosing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

An electronically controlled device for premetered pressure-time injection using high injection pressure and low feed pressure, which include one source (5-6) of medium pressure (MP) which is intermediate the high and low pressures, a two-stage rotary distributor which cyclically distributes the high and low pressure into single piping systems for each cylinder, a plurality of injection nozzles wherein, in each injector nozzle (30), a metering piston is provided (8) whose delivery chamber (21) is connected to the single piping system, and an injector control piston (11) having a control chamber (31) which is connected, via a three-channel electrovalve (9), through a medium pressure channel for the purposes of initiating injection, and through a second channel to the injection chamber (22) for purposes of initiating metering.

Description

L'invention concerne l'injection directe de combustible dans les moteurs à combustion interne, notamment les moteurs Diesel.The invention relates to the direct injection of fuel into internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines.

On sait que, pour une combustion complète et un bon rendement des moteurs Diesel, il est nécessaire que l'injection du combustible soit faite à une pression constante et élevée. Pour résoudre ce problème on connaît déjà des dispositifs d'injection du type à pression temps à commande électromagnétique, mais qui ne sont pas sans présenter des inconvénients. En effet, étant donné les forts taux d'injection demandés par les moteurs modernes en raison des taux élevés de suralimentation pour les moteurs de véhicules industriels ou des régimes de rotation élevés pour les moteurs de voiture particulière, le temps alloué pour injecter les quanttés de combustible correspondant aux régimes de faible charge ou de ralenti est très faible et reste de l'ordre de grandeur du temps de réponse des actuateurs électromagnétiques utilisés pour faire fonctionner l'injecteur.It is known that, for complete combustion and good efficiency of diesel engines, it is necessary that the injection of fuel is made at a constant and high pressure. To solve this problem, injection devices of the time pressure type with electromagnetic control are already known, but which are not without their drawbacks. Indeed, given the high injection rates required by modern engines due to the high rates of supercharging for the engines of industrial vehicles or the high rotation speeds for the engines of private cars, the time allocated to inject the quantities of fuel corresponding to low load or idle speed is very low and remains of the order of magnitude of the response time of the electromagnetic actuators used to operate the injector.

Pour éviter cette difficulté, il est connu d'utiliser pour chaque injecteur deux électrovannes ou servovalves électromagnétiques, l'une étant réservée pour le pilotage du début \ de l'injection et l'autre ayant pour rôle d'assurer la fin d'injection. Ces deux oτga-es de commande réalisent parfaitement la fonction d'injection mais présentent alors d'autres inconvénients : premièrement le porte-injecteur présente un encombrement relativement important rendant son montage difficile dans les culasses de moteur, principalement sur les moteurs de voiture particulière; deuxièmement, la dispersion inévitable des temps de réponse entraîne des irrégularités entre les porte-injecteurs; enfin la conception même des électrovannes ou servo-valves électromagnétiques qui doivent avoir un très faible temps de réponse conduit inévitablement à des fuites non aux sièges mais par les jeux cylindres-piston, fuites qui ont une très grande influence sur la quantité inéjectée pour un même temps de commande.To avoid this difficulty, it is known to use for each injector two electromagnetic solenoid valves or servovalves, one being reserved for controlling the start of the injection and the other having the role of ensuring the end of the injection. . These two control oτga-es perfectly perform the injection function but then have other drawbacks: firstly the injector holder has a relatively large size making it difficult to mount in the engine cylinder heads, mainly on passenger car engines; second, the inevitable dispersion of response times leads to irregularities between the injector holders; finally the very design of electromagnetic solenoid valves or servo-valves which must have a very low response time inevitably leads to leaks not at the seats but by the cylinder-piston games, leaks which have a very great influence on the quantity injected for the same order time.

Pour éviter ces dernières difficultés, il est connu également de réaliser des sortes de centrales hydrauliques liées à un distributeur, dans lesquelles la partie pilotage de l'injecteur (électroservovalves) est commune à plusieurs injecteurs, les fonctions d'injection étant distribuées aux porte-injecteurs. Si cette conception assure une homogénéité de fonctionnement entre plusieurs injecteurs, elle présente par contre l'inconvénient de donner naissance à des phénomènes hydrauliques nuisibles dans les conduites reliant l'organe de commande du pilotage de l'injection aux porte-injecteurs. En outre, du fait que la haute pression d'injection règne en permanence autour des aiguilles d'injecteur, toute défaillance de la commande entraîne le risque très important de noyer le moteur, ce qui conduit alors à rajouter dans le dispositif des organes limiteurs de débit.To avoid these latter difficulties, it is also known to make kinds of hydraulic power stations linked to a distributor, in which the piloting part of the injector (solenoid valves) is common to several injectors, the injection functions being distributed to the carriers. injectors. If this design ensures uniformity of operation between several injectors, it has the disadvantage of giving rise to harmful hydraulic phenomena in the pipes connecting the control member for controlling the injection to the injector holders. In addition, due to the fact that the high injection pressure constantly prevails around the injector needles, any failure of the control entails the very significant risk of drowning the engine, which then leads to adding limiting devices to the device. debit.

Le but de l'invention est d'éliminer les inconvénients précédents en réalisant un dispositif d'injection pression-temps à prédosage qui isole la haute pression de la pompe de la pression d'injection, en permettant un prédosage de la quantité injectée, en évitant la majeure partie des phénomènes hydrauliques nuisibles sur la haute pression et sur la commande, et enfin en n'utilisant qu'un seul élément électromagnétique par cylindre, le circuit hydraulique étant conçu de telle façon que les inévitables fuites de cet élément électromagnétique n'entachent pas la quantité injectée.The object of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by providing a pre-metering pressure-time injection device which isolates the high pressure of the pump from the injection pressure, allowing a pre-metering of the quantity injected, by avoiding most of the harmful hydraulic phenomena on the high pressure and on the control, and finally by using only one electromagnetic element per cylinder, the hydraulic circuit being designed in such a way that the inevitable leaks of this electromagnetic element do not not taint the amount injected.

L'invention consiste à prévoir, outre la haute pression d'injection et la basse pression de gavage habituelles, une moyenne pression intermédiaire entre les deux précédentes; à utiliser un distributeur tournant double entraîné en synchronisme avec l'arbre à cames et distribuant alternativement la haute pression et la basse pression dans une canalisation unique pour chaque injecteur; à prévoir sur chaque porte-injecteur un piston de dosage se déplaçant entre une chambre de refoulement en liaison avec ladite canalisation unique et une chambre de dosage en liaison avec la capacité de l'aiguille d'injecteur, avec, d'une manière connue, des passages de décharge de cette capacité d'aiguillle et de la chambre de commande de l'aiguille en fin de course du piston; enfin à réunir cette chambre de commande par un clapet anti-retour à la moyenne pression d'alimentation et par une électrovanne à trois voies alternativement à la moyenne pression lors du début d'injection et à la chambre de dosage lors du début du dosage, l'instant de la fin du dosage étant déterminé par la fin de la distribution de la basse pression par le distributeur, et la fin de l'injection étant déterminée par la fin de course du piston de dosage.The invention consists in providing, in addition to the usual high injection pressure and low booster pressure, an intermediate pressure intermediate between the two preceding ones; to use a double rotary distributor driven in synchronism with the camshaft and alternately distributing the high pressure and the low pressure in a single pipe for each injector; to provide on each injector holder a metering piston moving between a delivery chamber in connection with said single pipe and a metering chamber in connection with the capacity of the injector needle, with, in a known manner, discharge passages of this needle capacity and the control of the needle at the end of the piston stroke; finally to bring this control chamber together by a non-return valve at medium supply pressure and by a three-way solenoid valve alternately with medium pressure at the start of injection and with the metering chamber at the start of metering, the instant of the end of the metering being determined by the end of the distribution of the low pressure by the distributor, and the end of the injection being determined by the end of travel of the metering piston.

D'autres particularités de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation pris comme exemple et représenté sur le dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • la fig. 1 est un schéma général du dispositif;
  • la fig. 2 est un schéma détaillé d'un injecteur et du porte-injecteur; et
  • les fig. 3 à 8 sont des schémas partiels illustrant les diverses phases du fonctionnement.
Other features of the invention will appear in the following description of an embodiment taken as an example and shown in the attached drawing, in which:
  • fig. 1 is a general diagram of the device;
  • fig. 2 is a detailed diagram of an injector and the injector holder; and
  • fig. 3 to 8 are partial diagrams illustrating the various phases of operation.

Le dispositif pris comme exemple correspond à un moteur à quatre cylindres, et il comporte un ensemble de pompe distributrice unique correspondant à l'encadré de gauche sur la-fig. 1 désigné par la référence EPD, cet ensemble étant réuni par quatre-canalisations C1, C2, C3, C4 à quatre ensembles porte-injecteurs EPI, dont un seul est représenté sur la fig. 1, et correspondant chacun à un des cylindres.The device taken as an example corresponds to a four-cylinder engine, and it comprises a single distributor pump assembly corresponding to the box on the left in FIG. 1 designated by the reference EPD, this assembly being joined by four pipes C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 to four EPI injector holder assemblies, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1, and each corresponding to one of the cylinders.

L'ensemble de pompe distributrice EPD comporte deux pompes 2 et 4 tournant de façon synchrone en étant entraîné par le moteur, soit à la vitesse du moteur, soit à la vitesse moitié comme l'arbre à cames. Le combustible est aspiré dans le réservoir par l'intermédiaire d'un filtre 1 par la pompe de gavage 2. La pression de refoulement de cette pompe de gavage, ou pression BP (5 à 10 bars) est régulée par le régulateur 3. Le combustible est alors porté à la haute pression HP (par exemple jusqu'à 1000 bars) par la pompe 4, cette haute pression HP étant régulée par le régulateur 5. Enfin, entre la sortie du régulateur 5 et le retour au réservoir est intercalé un troisième régulateur 6 donnant naissance à une moyenne pression MP de l'ordre de 30 à 40 bars.The EPD distributor pump assembly comprises two pumps 2 and 4 rotating synchronously while being driven by the engine, either at engine speed, or at half speed like the camshaft. The fuel is sucked into the tank via a filter 1 by the booster pump 2. The discharge pressure of this booster pump, or BP pressure (5 to 10 bars) is regulated by the regulator 3. The fuel is then brought to high pressure HP (for example up to 1000 bars) by pump 4, this high pressure HP being regulated by regulator 5. Finally, between the outlet of regulator 5 and the return to the tank is interposed a third regulator 6 giving rise to an average pressure MP of the order of 30 to 40 bars.

Le stator 40 de la pompe distributrice comporte un alésage dans lequel peut tourner un rotor 41 à la vitesse moitié du moteur pour un moteur à quatre temps ou à la vitesse du moteur pour un moteur à deux temps. Ce rotor comporte deux étages, à savoir un étage A à haute pression et un étage B à basse pression. Le combustible à haute pression HP pénètre axialement dans l'étage A et il est conduit par un perçage radial 32 dans une lumière 33 de 15 à 20° d'arc. Le stator 40 est percé de conduits 36, 37, 38 et 39 reliés à la canalisation C1, les conduits 38 et 37 correspondant respectivement aux étages A et B. Il existe naturellement trois autres séries de perçages analogues correspondant aux trois autres canalisations de liaison C2' C3 et C4 et réparties cycliquement dans le stator 40 dans l'ordre d'alimentation habituel "1-3-4-2".The stator 40 of the distributor pump has a bore in which a rotor 41 can rotate at half the engine speed for a four-stroke engine or at the engine speed for a two-stroke engine. This rotor has two stages, namely a high pressure stage A and a low pressure stage B. The high pressure fuel HP penetrates axially into stage A and it is led by a radial bore 32 in a hole 33 of 15 to 20 ° of arc. The stator 40 is pierced with conduits 36, 37, 38 and 39 connected to the pipe C 1 , the conduits 38 and 37 corresponding respectively to stages A and B. There are naturally three other series of similar bores corresponding to the three other connecting pipes C 2 ' C 3 and C 4 and distributed cyclically in the stator 40 in the usual feeding order "1-3-4-2".

L'alésage central de l'étage B est relié à la basse pression BP et des conduits radiaux 34 distribuent cette pression dans une grande lumière occultée sur environ 20° par le bossage circulaire 35. La lumière 33 et le bossage 35 sont déterminés et calés sur le rotor 41 de telle manière que, lorsque les conduits 38, 39 et 36 sont en communication avec la HP celle-ci ne puisse passer à la BP par le conduit 37, et que lorsque les conduits 36 et 37 sont en communication avec la BP, le conduit 38 ne puisse recevoir la HP.The central bore of stage B is connected to the low pressure BP and radial conduits 34 distribute this pressure in a large light obscured over approximately 20 ° by the circular boss 35. The light 33 and the boss 35 are determined and wedged on the rotor 41 in such a way that, when the conduits 38, 39 and 36 are in communication with the HP, the latter cannot pass to the BP through the conduit 37, and only when the conduits 36 and 37 are in communication with the BP, conduit 38 cannot receive the HP.

L'ensemble porte-injecteur EPI comporte l'injecteur 15 et le porte-injecteur 30, représentés plus en détail sur la fig. 2. Il est agencé de manière à recevoir :

  • - dans un alésage 18 un piston 8 dont la face supérieure forme avec l'alésage 18 une chambre de refoulement 21 qui est reliée à l'arrivée haute pression par un conduit 29, correspondant à C1, C2, C3 ou C4 selon le cas, tandis que sa face inférieure forme une chambre de dosage et d'injection 22. Par ailleurs, le piston 8 est percé par des conduits 20a et 20b qui permettent, lorsque le piston est en position basse, c'est-à-dire pour le volume minimum de la chambre d'injection 22, de mettre respectivement la chambre 22 en communication avec un conduit 19 et le conduit 23 avec la moyenne pression 26 par les conduits 43 et 42.
  • - Dans un alésage 17, un piston de commande 11 dont la face supérieure forme avec cet alésage une chambre de commande 31, la face inférieure du piston de commande 11 étant en appui sur un poussoir 13 dont l'autre extrémité s'appuie sur l'aiguille 14 de l'injecteur; la buse 15 et la cale de course 16 de cet injecteur sont fixées par des moyens connus au corps 30. L'injecteur 15 ainsi que son ressort 12 sont de type classique.
  • - Une vanne 9 à trois voies à commande électromagnétique dont la voie commune est reliée par 24 à la chambre de commande 31, la première voie étant reliée par 28 :
  • - d'une part à la chambre d'injection 22, un clapet anti-retour 50 étant interposé sur la ligne de telle façon que le combustible ne puisse se diriger de la chambre d'injection 22 vers la première voie 28,
  • - d'autre part à la chambre de refoulement 21, un clapet anti-retour 51 étant interposé sur la ligne de telle façon que le combustible ne puisse se diriger que de la chambre de refoulement 21 vers la première voie 28, un ajutage 52 étant par ailleurs placé en aval du clapet anti-retour 51, tandis que la deuxième voie, qui correspond à la position excitée de l'électrovanne, est reliée à l'arrivée 26 de la moyenne pression.
  • - Un clapet anti-retour 10 permettant par les conduits 26, 25 puis 27 de remplir la chambre de commande 31 par le combustible à moyenne pression MP.
  • - Enfin, le conduit 23 relie la chambre d'injection 22 à la capacité d'aiguille 7 tandis que le conduit 19 précité est relié à la chambre de commande 31 de telle manière que la fin de course d'injection du piston d'injection 8 produise la décharge de la capacité d'aiguille 7 vers la moyenne pression et de la décharge de la capacité d'injection 22 vers la chambre de commande 31 afin d'assurer une refermeture rapide de l'aiguille.
The EPI injector holder assembly comprises the injector 15 and the injector holder 30, shown in more detail in FIG. 2. It is arranged to receive:
  • - In a bore 18 a piston 8 whose upper face forms with the bore 18 a delivery chamber 21 which is connected to the high pressure inlet by a conduit 29, corresponding to C 1 , C 2 , C 3 or C 4 as the case may be, while its underside forms a metering and injection chamber 22. Furthermore, the piston 8 is pierced by conduits 20a and 20b which allow, when the piston is in the low position, that is to say say for the minimum volume of the injection chamber 22, to put the chamber 22 respectively in communication with a conduit 19 and the conduit 23 with the medium pressure 26 via the conduits 43 and 42.
  • - In a bore 17, a control piston 11, the upper face of which forms with this bore a control chamber 31, the lower face of the control piston 11 being supported on a pusher 13, the other end of which rests on the needle 14 of the injector; the nozzle 15 and the stroke block 16 of this injector are fixed by known means to the body 30. The injector 15 and its spring 12 are of conventional type.
  • - A three-way electromagnetic control valve 9, the common channel of which is connected by 24 to the control chamber 31, the first channel being connected by 28:
  • on the one hand to the injection chamber 22, a non-return valve 50 being interposed on the line in such a way that the fuel cannot direct itself from the injection chamber 22 towards the first channel 28,
  • - on the other hand to the discharge chamber 21, a non-return valve 51 being interposed on the line so that the fuel can only go from the discharge chamber 21 to the first channel 28, a nozzle 52 being also placed downstream of the non-return valve 51, while the second channel, which corresponds to the excited position of the solenoid valve, is connected to the inlet 26 of the medium pressure.
  • - A non-return valve 10 allowing the conduits 26, 25 and then 27 to fill the control chamber 31 with the medium pressure fuel MP.
  • - Finally, the conduit 23 connects the injection chamber 22 to the needle capacity 7 while the aforementioned conduit 19 is connected to the control chamber 31 so that the end of injection stroke of the injection piston 8 produces the discharge of the needle capacity 7 towards the medium pressure and the discharge of the injection capacity 22 towards the control chamber 31 in order to ensure rapid reclosing of the needle.

Si l'on désigne par Sc la section de la chambre de commande 31 et Pc la pression de commande, et d'autre part Sa la section d'aiguille, Ss la section de son siège, Pi la pression d'injection, et R la poussée du ressort 12, les mouvements de l'ensemble de l'aiguille 14, de son poussoir 13 et du piston de commande 11 font intervenir d'une part une force de levée hydraulique de l'aiguille, de valeur Pi. (Sa-Ss) dirigée vers le haut, et une poussée de commande Pc.Sc + R qui est dirigée vers le bas.If Sc denotes the section of the control chamber 31 and Pc the control pressure, and on the other hand Sa the needle section, Ss the section of its seat, Pi the pressure injection, and R the thrust of the spring 12, the movements of the assembly of the needle 14, of its plunger 13 and of the control piston 11 involve on the one hand a hydraulic lifting force of the needle, of Pi value (Sa-Ss) directed upwards, and a control push Pc.Sc + R which is directed downwards.

Les divers paramètres ci-dessus sont déterminés de telle manière que la poussée de commande soit très supérieure à la force de levée hydraulique lorsque Pc = Pi = HP, et que cette poussée de commande soit très inférieure à la force de levée hydraulique lorsque Pc = MP et que Pi = HP.The various parameters above are determined in such a way that the control thrust is much greater than the hydraulic lifting force when Pc = Pi = HP, and that this control thrust is much less than the hydraulic lifting force when Pc = MP and that Pi = HP.

Grâce à la grande différence existant entre HP et MP, cette condition peut être satisfaite très facilement avec de grands coefficients de sécurité et avec les dimensions usuelles, avec les valeurs de pression indiquées plus haut.Thanks to the large difference between HP and MP, this condition can be satisfied very easily with large safety coefficients and with the usual dimensions, with the pressure values indicated above.

Le fonctionnement de l'ensemble, qui est évidemment cyclique, comporte périodiquement des phases d'injection, et des phases de prédosage intercalées avec les précédentes.The operation of the assembly, which is obviously cyclical, periodically includes injection phases, and pre-dosing phases interspersed with the previous ones.

A la fin du dosage, l'arête X du bossage 35 de l'étage basse pression B du distributeur obture le conduit 37, puis l'arête Z du côté haute pression A découvre le conduit 38, permettant à la haute pression HP par les conduits 39 et 36 de pénétrer dans la chambre de refoulement 21, ce qui, d'une part, par l'intermédiaire du piston d'injection 8, met sous une pression identique la chambre d'injection 22 le combustible ne pouvant aller de la chambre 22 à la chambre de commande 31 du fait du clapet anti-retour 50, et d'autre part met sous la même pression la chambre de commande 31 par le conduit 53 et l'électrovanne 9 qui est en position de repos et autorise la communication entre'28 et 24 (fig. 2). Selon ce schéma de principe, on voit que les fuites internes de l'électrovanne 9 ne modifient pas la quantité prédosée dans la chambre d'injection 22 sous haute pression puisque le clapet anti-retour 50 est étanche et que la source de combustible qui établit la haute pression dans la chambre de commande 31 est directement la pompe tlP 4 par l'intermédiaire des conduits 38, 39, 36, 29 et 53. Un étranglement 52 est judicieusement placé sur la ligne 53 en aval du clapet anti-retour 51 de telle façon que la pression qui règne en amont de l'entrée 28 de l'électrovanne trois voies 9 soit toujours inférieure à la pression qui règne dans la chambre d'injection 22 ce qui conduit le clapet anti-retour 50 a toujours être fermé dès la mise sous pression de 21. Le clapet anti-retour 10 empêche cette haute pression de se décharger dans la moyenne pression, et la conduite 23 transmet également cette haute pression à la capacité d'aiguille 7. On se trouve donc dans le cas exposé plus haut où les pressions en 22, 31 et 7 sont égales à la haute pression et, comme on l'a vu, la poussée de commande, très supérieure à la force de levée hydraulique de l'aiguille, maintient celle-ci en appui sur son siège. Ceci est illustré par le schéma de la fig. 3.At the end of the dosing, the edge X of the boss 35 of the low pressure stage B of the distributor closes the conduit 37, then the edge Z of the high pressure side A uncovers the conduit 38, allowing the high pressure HP by the conduits 39 and 36 to enter the discharge chamber 21, which, on the one hand, by means of the injection piston 8, puts the injection chamber 22 under identical pressure since the fuel cannot go from the chamber 22 to the control chamber 31 due to the non-return valve 50, and on the other hand puts under the same pressure the control chamber 31 by the conduit 53 and the solenoid valve 9 which is in the rest position and authorizes the communication between 28 and 24 (fig. 2). According to this schematic diagram, it can be seen that the internal leaks from the solenoid valve 9 do not modify the quantity supplied in the injection chamber 22 under high pressure since the non-return valve 50 is sealed and the fuel source which establishes the high pressure in the control chamber 31 is directly the tlP pump 4 via the conduits 38, 39, 36, 29 and 53. A throttle 52 is judiciously placed on the line 53 downstream of the non-return valve 51 so that the pressure prevailing upstream of the inlet 28 of the three-way solenoid valve 9 is always less than the pressure prevailing in the injection chamber 22 which leads the non-return valve 50 has always to be closed as soon as the pressure is put on 21. The non-return valve 10 prevents this high pressure from discharging in the medium pressure, and the pipe 23 also transmits this high pressure to the capacity of needle 7. We therefore find ourselves in the case described above where the pressures at 22, 31 and 7 are equal to the high pressure and, as we have seen, the control thrust, much greater than the hydraulic lifting force. of the needle, keeps it in contact with its seat. This is illustrated by the diagram in fig. 3.

Au moment voulu pour l'injection, et selon un synchronisme électronique déterminé avec précision en accord avec la position du moteur, l'électrovanne 9 est mise sous tension ce qui met en communication les conduits 24 et 26, permettant à la haute pression qui règne dans la chambre de commande 31 de chuter jusqu'au niveau de la moyenne pression. Ce nouvel état est illustré par la fig. 4. On se trouve donc dans le cas exposé plus haut où règne la moyenne pression en 31, et la haute pression en 7, et où, comme on l'a vu, la poussée de commande devient très inférieure à la force de levée hydraulique, cette dernière soulevant alors l'aiguille pour permettre au combustible d'être injecté.At the desired time for injection, and according to an electronic synchronism determined with precision in accordance with the position of the engine, the solenoid valve 9 is energized which puts the conduits 24 and 26 into communication, allowing the high pressure prevailing in the control chamber 31 to drop to the level of the medium pressure. This new state is illustrated in fig. 4. We are therefore in the case described above where the medium pressure prevails at 31, and the high pressure at 7, and where, as we have seen, the control thrust becomes much less than the hydraulic lifting force , the latter then lifting the needle to allow fuel to be injected.

La quantité de combustible préalablement prédosée dans la chambre d'injection 22 est alors refoulé sous la haute pression HP par le piston 8. Simultanément, ou avec des décalages appropriés, d'une part l'arête inférieure du piston 8 vient obturer le conduit 23 tandis que le percement 20b met en communication le conduit 43 avec la moyenne pression, et d'autre part le combustible restant dans la chambre 22 peut se décharger dans la chambre de commande 31 par le conduit 19 grâce au percement 20a, ce qui a pour effet d'assurer une bonne fermeture rapide de l'injecteur sous l'effet combiné de son ressort 12, de la chute de pression en 7 et de l'accroissement de pression en 31, et en même temps d'éviter tout rebond de l'aiguille grâce à cette recharge de la chambre de commande 31. Cette phase est illustrée par la fig. 5.The quantity of fuel previously predosed in the injection chamber 22 is then discharged under the high pressure HP by the piston 8. Simultaneously, or with appropriate offsets, on the one hand the lower edge of the piston 8 closes the conduit 23 while the hole 20b puts the conduit 43 in communication with the medium pressure, and on the other hand the fuel remaining in the chamber 22 can be discharged into the control chamber 31 through the conduit 19 thanks to the hole 20a, which has for effect of ensuring good rapid closure of the injector under the combined effect of its spring 12, the pressure drop at 7 and the increase pressure at 31, and at the same time to avoid any rebound of the needle thanks to this recharging of the control chamber 31. This phase is illustrated in FIG. 5.

Lorsque l'injection est terminée, l'électrovanne 9 restant sous tension, l'arête W de l'étage haute pression A du distributeur vient obturer le conduit 38, puis l'arête Y de l'étage basse pression B vient dégager le conduit 37, permettant à la basse pression de régner sur la face supérieure du piston 8 correspondant. Cet état est illustré par la fig. 6.When the injection is complete, the solenoid valve 9 remaining energized, the edge W of the high pressure stage A of the distributor closes the conduit 38, then the edge Y of the low pressure stage B comes to clear the conduit 37, allowing the low pressure to prevail on the upper face of the corresponding piston 8. This state is illustrated in fig. 6.

Dans les conditions précédemment définies, si l'on coupe l'alimentation de l'électrovanne 9, celle-ci revient en position de repos comme illustré sur la fig. 7 en mettant en communication les conduits 24 et 28; la moyenne pression pénètre alors dans la chambre de commande 31 par le clapet anti-retour 10, puis de là par l'électrovanne 9 dans la chambre d'injection 22 par le clapet anti-retour 50 d'un étranglement 44 et refoule le piston 8 vers le haut puisque la face supérieure de ce piston est à la basse pression BP; la moyenne pression ne pouvant s'écouler vers la basse pression du fait du clapet anti-retour 51.Under the conditions defined above, if the supply to the solenoid valve 9 is cut off, the latter returns to the rest position as illustrated in FIG. 7 by connecting the conduits 24 and 28; the medium pressure then enters the control chamber 31 by the non-return valve 10, then from there by the solenoid valve 9 into the injection chamber 22 by the non-return valve 50 with a throttle 44 and delivers the piston 8 upwards since the upper face of this piston is at low pressure BP; the medium pressure being unable to flow towards the low pressure due to the non-return valve 51.

Grâce à l'étrangleur 44, mais surtout à la faible valeur relative de la différence de pression entre MP et BP, le temps pendant lequel doit avoir lieu ce dosage conserve une valeur relativement importante, même pour les régimes de faible charge, ce qui permet de le régler avec précision par le calculateur électronique qui pilote l'injection.Thanks to the throttle 44, but especially to the low relative value of the pressure difference between MP and BP, the time during which this dosing must take place retains a relatively large value, even for low load regimes, which allows to regulate it with precision by the electronic computer which controls the injection.

D'autre part si c'est l'électrovanne 9 qui déclenche le début d'injection, c'est l'étage B du distributeur qui détermine la fin de l'injection à l'instant précis où l'arête X vient obturer le conduit 37, comme illustré sur la fig. 8, ce qui interrompt le mouvement ascendant du piston 8, donc termine le dosage dans la chambre d'injection 22. Le calculateur électronique, qui est synchronisé avec le cycle du moteur, connaît exactement l'instant de la fermeture du conduit 37 et peut donc calculer avec précision le temps de dosage.On the other hand if it is the solenoid valve 9 which triggers the start of injection, it is stage B of the distributor which determines the end of the injection at the precise instant when the edge X comes to close off the conduit 37, as illustrated in FIG. 8, which interrupts the upward movement of the piston 8, therefore ends the metering in the injection chamber 22. The electronic computer, which is synchronized with the engine cycle, knows exactly when the conduit 37 is closed and can therefore accurately calculate the dosing time.

L'invention permet ainsi une injection sous une très haute pression, parfaitement constante et régulée, et un prédosage précis tout en utilisant pour chaque cylindre qu'une seule électrovanne, qui ne s'ouvre et se ferme qu'une fois par cycle, en servant tout à la fois pour déclencher le début d'injection et le début de dosage.The invention thus allows injection under very high pressure, perfectly constant and regulated, and a precise pre-metering while using for each cylinder only one solenoid valve, which opens and closes only once per cycle, serving at the same time to trigger the start of injection and the start of dosing.

Claims (5)

1. Dispositif d'injection pression-temps à prédosage à commande électromagnétique utilisant une haute pression d'injection et une basse pression de gavage, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte - une source (5-6) de moyenne pression (MP) intermédiaire entre lesdites haute et basse pressions, - un distributeur rotatif à deux étages distribuant la haute et la basse pression cycliquement en fonction du nombre de cylindres dans des canalisations (C1 à C4) uniques pour chaque cylindre, sans recouvrement des temps de communication haute et basse pression, - sur chaque porte-injecteur (30) un piston de dosage (8) dont la chambre de refoulement (21) est en communication avec ladite canalisation unique (29) (C1) du cylindre correspondant et dont la chambre d'injection (22) est reliée à la capacité d'aiguille (7) de l'injecteur (15) correspondant, - un piston (11) de commande de l'injecteur dont la chambre de commande (31) est réunie d'une part à la moyenne pression par un clapet anti-retour (10) disposé dans le sens qui permet l'alimentation de cette chambre, et d'autre part, par l'intermédiaire d'une électrovanne à trois voies (9), par une voie à la moyenne pression, pour le début d'injection, et par l'autre voie à la chambre d'injection (22) pour le début du dosage, - enfin, un dispositif électronique synchronisé avec la rotation du distributeur et du moteur pour déclencher par l'intermédiaire de l'électrovanne (9) le début d'injection et le début du dosage. 1. Electromagnetic control pressure-time injection device using a high injection pressure and a low booster pressure, characterized in that it comprises - a medium pressure (MP) source (5-6) intermediate between said high and low pressures, - a two-stage rotary distributor distributing the high and low pressure cyclically as a function of the number of cylinders in pipes (C 1 to C 4 ) unique for each cylinder, without overlapping of the high and low pressure communication times, - on each injector holder (30) a metering piston (8) whose delivery chamber (21) is in communication with said single pipe (29) (C 1 ) of the corresponding cylinder and whose injection chamber (22 ) is connected to the needle capacity (7) of the corresponding injector (15), - A piston (11) for controlling the injector, the control chamber (31) of which is joined on the one hand to the medium pressure by a non-return valve (10) disposed in the direction which allows the supply of this chamber, and on the other hand, by means of a three-way solenoid valve (9), by a medium pressure channel, for the start of injection, and by the other way to the injection chamber (22) for the start of the dosage, - Finally, an electronic device synchronized with the rotation of the distributor and the motor to trigger via the solenoid valve (9) the start of injection and the start of dosing. 2. Dispositif d'injection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les divers paramètres, section et tarage de l'injecteur, ainsi que ladite moyenne pression (MP) sont déterminés de telle manière que la poussée de commande tendant à refermer l'aiguille (14) de chaque injecteur est très supérieure à la force de levée hydraulique de cette aiguille lorsque la haute pression d'injection règne à la fois dans la capacité d'injection (7) et dans la chambre de commande (31), et très inférieure à cette force de levée hydraulique lorsque la moyenne pression règne dans la chambre de commande (31) et la haute pression dans la capacité d'aiguille (7).2. Injection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the various parameters, section and calibration of the injector, as well as said medium pressure (MP) are determined so that the control thrust tending to close the the needle (14) of each injector is much greater than the hydraulic lifting force of this needle when the high injection pressure prevails both in the injection capacity (7) and in the communication chamber demand (31), and much lower than this hydraulic lifting force when the medium pressure prevails in the control chamber (31) and the high pressure in the needle capacity (7). 3. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la liaison hydraulique entre ladite autre voie (28) de l'électrovanne (9) et ladite chambre d'injection (22) se fait par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet anti-retour (50) autorisant l'écoulement de la vanne (9) vers la chambre (22), et qu'il est prévu en outre une liaison hydraulique (53) entre ladite chambre de refoulement (21) et ladite autre voie (28) comportant un autre clapet anti-retour (51), qui autorise l'écoulement de la chambre (21) vers la vanne (9), et un étrangleur (53) qui crée lors de cet écoulement une perte de charge suffisante pour maintenir fermé le premier clapet anti-retour (50) et rendre la quantité prédosée (22) insensible aux fuites internes de l'électrovanne (9).3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic connection between said other path (28) of the solenoid valve (9) and said injection chamber (22) is made by means of a valve. non-return (50) authorizing the flow of the valve (9) towards the chamber (22), and that a hydraulic connection (53) is further provided between said delivery chamber (21) and said other channel ( 28) comprising another non-return valve (51), which allows the flow of the chamber (21) towards the valve (9), and a throttle (53) which creates during this flow a sufficient pressure drop to maintain closed the first non-return valve (50) and make the pre-metered quantity (22) insensitive to internal leaks from the solenoid valve (9). 4. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ledit piston de dosage (8) comporte des passages (20a, 20b) coopérant avec des conduits fixes (42, 43, 19, 23) débouchant dans son cylindre pour assurer en fin de course d'injection la décharge de la capacité d'aiguille (7) vers la moyenne pression, et la décharge de la chambre d'injection (22) vers la chambre de commande (31).4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said metering piston (8) has passages (20a, 20b) cooperating with fixed conduits (42, 43, 19, 23) opening into its cylinder to ensure in end of injection stroke the discharge of the needle capacity (7) towards the medium pressure, and the discharge from the injection chamber (22) towards the control chamber (31). 5. Dispositif d'injection selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la haute pression et la moyenne pression sont obtenues à partir d'une pompe unique (4) grâce à un régulateur à deux étages de décharge (5-6).5. Injection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high pressure and the medium pressure are obtained from a single pump (4) thanks to a regulator with two discharge stages (5-6) .
EP82401861A 1981-10-15 1982-10-11 Time pressure injection device with predosage Expired EP0077716B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82401861T ATE13580T1 (en) 1981-10-15 1982-10-11 TIME PRESSURE INJECTION DEVICE WITH PRE-DOSING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8119395A FR2514827A1 (en) 1981-10-15 1981-10-15 PRESSURE-TIME INJECTION DEVICE WITH PREDOSAGE
FR8119395 1981-10-15

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EP0077716A1 true EP0077716A1 (en) 1983-04-27
EP0077716B1 EP0077716B1 (en) 1985-05-29

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US (1) US4440133A (en)
EP (1) EP0077716B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5879663A (en)
AT (1) ATE13580T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3263913D1 (en)
ES (1) ES516408A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2514827A1 (en)
PT (1) PT75579B (en)

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Also Published As

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US4440133A (en) 1984-04-03
ATE13580T1 (en) 1985-06-15
ES8307336A1 (en) 1983-06-16
PT75579B (en) 1984-11-26
PT75579A (en) 1982-10-01
DE3263913D1 (en) 1985-07-04
JPH0579824B2 (en) 1993-11-04
JPS5879663A (en) 1983-05-13
EP0077716B1 (en) 1985-05-29
FR2514827A1 (en) 1983-04-22
ES516408A0 (en) 1983-06-16
FR2514827B1 (en) 1983-12-23

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