EP0076599B1 - Power unit - Google Patents

Power unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076599B1
EP0076599B1 EP82305003A EP82305003A EP0076599B1 EP 0076599 B1 EP0076599 B1 EP 0076599B1 EP 82305003 A EP82305003 A EP 82305003A EP 82305003 A EP82305003 A EP 82305003A EP 0076599 B1 EP0076599 B1 EP 0076599B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power unit
zero potential
circuit
voltage
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82305003A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0076599A3 (en
EP0076599A2 (en
Inventor
Joerg Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson Service Co
Original Assignee
Johnson Service Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Service Co filed Critical Johnson Service Co
Publication of EP0076599A2 publication Critical patent/EP0076599A2/en
Publication of EP0076599A3 publication Critical patent/EP0076599A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0076599B1 publication Critical patent/EP0076599B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/618—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series and in parallel with the load as final control devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/577—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices for plural loads
    • G05F1/585—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices for plural loads providing voltages of opposite polarities

Definitions

  • the invention relates to power units having two output voltages of opposite polarity and common zero potential which, for connection to an input a.c. voltage, has a rectifier and a linear regulator for each output voltage.
  • Such a power unit is known from the article "Integrated Voltage Regulator” in Elektronik Engineering 6/1979, pp.24 to 46.
  • FIG 1 Installations are known (Fig 1) which have a central mains supply connected via a transformer to a transmitter with an incorporated power unit and a plurality of remote electronic regulators each having an incorporated power unit.
  • Fig 1 To reduce the number of lines which have to be installed, one connection of the secondary winding of the transformer is chosen as the zero potential.
  • the secondary winding supplies a voltage serving as an input a.c. voltage U- to the transmitter and the regulators.
  • the transmitter voltage at an output A of the transmitter is also related to this zero potential.
  • the transmitter voltage is applied to inputs E, to E 4 of the regulators 3a-d, respectively, and is used for the control thereof.
  • a power unit with two output voltages of opposite polarity and common zero potential line which power unit, for connection to an input a.c. voltage, has a rectifier and a linear regulator for each output voltage, characterized in that a current balancing circuit is arranged between the rectifiers and the regulators and that the line carrying the zero potential is connected to one of the two lines of the input a.c. voltage.
  • Power units according to the invention have a balanced current on the zero potential line. As a result, it is possible to use a common neutral conductor which reduces expenditure in connection with the line. It is even possible to connect regulators with a switching behaviour and can be controlled with a d.c. voltage from the remote transmitter, without feedbacks occurring.
  • a known installation has a central mains supply connected via a transformer 1, to a transmitter 2 with incorporated power unit and a plurality of remote electronic regulators 3a-3d each having an incorporated power unit.
  • a transformer 1 To reduce the number of lines which have to be installed, one connection of the secondary winding of the transformer 1 is chosen as the zero potential.
  • the secondary winding supplies a voltage serving as an input a.c. voltage U- to the transmitter 2 and the regulators 3a-d.
  • the transmitter voltage at an output A of the transmitter 2 is also related to this zero potential.
  • the transmitter voltage is applied to inputs E l to E 4 of the regulators 3a-d, respectively, and is used for the control thereof.
  • Fig 2 shows a power unit, to whose input terminals is applied the input a.c. voltage U-.
  • the lower input terminal in Fig 2 has zero potential and is designated by O.
  • the input a.c. voltage U- is rectified by two rectifiers D1 and D2.
  • the rectifiers have opposite polarity, two voltages occur at the two following capacitors C1 and C2 with different polarities related to the common zero potential.
  • These two voltages are applied by means of low-valued resistors R1 or R2 of a current measuring circuit 4 to in each case one linear regulator IC1 or IC2.
  • the regulators comprise known integrated voltage regulators.
  • Regulators IC1 and IC2 are wired to capacitors C3 to C6 in order to prevent undesired oscillations.
  • the two output voltages +U A and -U A related to the zero potential 0, are then available at the indicated terminals.
  • a comparator circuit 5 To current measuring circuit 4 is connected a comparator circuit 5 and to the latter a current control circuit 6. Together all the three circuits 4, 5 and 6 form a current balancing circuit.
  • the current measuring circuit 4 comprises a bridge circuit formed from resistors R3 to R6 and which measures the voltage drop corresponding to the current J, or J 2 through resistor R1 or R2. These voltage values reach the comparator circuit 5, which comprises the operational amplifier IC3 and the resistors R7 and R8 at the inverting or non-inverting input, resistor R9 from the non-inverting input to the zero potential 0 and resistor R10 from the output to the inverting input of the operational amplifier IC3.
  • the comparison result at the output of the operational amplifier IC3 is a positive or negative voltage value, depending on whether current J1 or current J2 preponderates. This voltage value reaches the base of transistor T1 or T2 across a diode D3 or D4.
  • the collector of transistor T1 is connected to the input of regulator IC1 and its emitter is connected across a resistor R13 to the zero potential.
  • a resistor R11 is connected from the base of transistor T1 to zero potential.
  • Transistor T2 is connected in the same way with resistors R12 and R14 between the input of regulator IC2 and zero potential.
  • the voltages corresponding to currents J, and J 2 are determined by the current measuring circuit 4 compared with one another in comparator circuit 5 acting as a porportional controller and a resulting voltage value is supplied to transistor T1 or T2 acting as the control element. Transistor T1 or T2 then carries such a current that, apart from the very small control deviation, currents J, and J 2 are the same.
  • Fig 3 shows a power unit in which one output voltage +U A is much more highly loaded than the other output voltage -U A . Due to the lighter loading, a circuit comprising a resistor R12 and a Zener diode D6 is used as the regulator for this output voltage -U A .
  • the input and output connection isthe same as the circuit according to Fig 2 and consequently the same references are used for the same parts.
  • Zener diode D5 Downstream of capacitor C1 a series connection of a resistor R13 and a Zener diode D5 is connected to zero potential.
  • Zener diode D5 has the same Zener voltage as Zener diode D6 and resistors R12 and R13 are identical.
  • This power unit also has a current measuring circuit 4',to which is connected a comparator circuit 5'.
  • the following current control circuit 6' has only one transistor T3 in series with a resistor R11 connected from the input of regulator 7 to zero potential O.
  • the addition of the apostrophe means that in principle the circuit with the same reference numeral is used.
  • Transistor 13 is adequate, provided that the output voltage -U A , is more lightly loaded than output voltage +U A , because then a balancing current only has to flow in the lightly loaded branch.
  • Current J 6 is the same as current J 7 , it being assumed that current J 2 is lower than current J 6 .
  • Current J is subject to greater fluctuations and greater loading and consequently so is current J 8 .
  • Current J 8 is determined by the current measuring circuit 4' and from this a control signal for transistor T3 is obtained in such a way that current J 5 is the same as current J 8 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
  • Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Description

  • The invention relates to power units having two output voltages of opposite polarity and common zero potential which, for connection to an input a.c. voltage, has a rectifier and a linear regulator for each output voltage.
  • Such a power unit is known from the article "Integrated Voltage Regulator" in Elektronik Entwicklung 6/1979, pp.24 to 46.
  • Installations are known (Fig 1) which have a central mains supply connected via a transformer to a transmitter with an incorporated power unit and a plurality of remote electronic regulators each having an incorporated power unit. To reduce the number of lines which have to be installed, one connection of the secondary winding of the transformer is chosen as the zero potential. The secondary winding supplies a voltage serving as an input a.c. voltage U- to the transmitter and the regulators. The transmitter voltage at an output A of the transmitter is also related to this zero potential. The transmitter voltage is applied to inputs E, to E4 of the regulators 3a-d, respectively, and is used for the control thereof.
  • It is a problem to provide a power unit of the aforementioned type having a balanced load of the common zero potential line.
  • According to the invention there is provided a power unit with two output voltages of opposite polarity and common zero potential line which power unit, for connection to an input a.c. voltage, has a rectifier and a linear regulator for each output voltage, characterized in that a current balancing circuit is arranged between the rectifiers and the regulators and that the line carrying the zero potential is connected to one of the two lines of the input a.c. voltage.
  • Power units according to the invention have a balanced current on the zero potential line. As a result, it is possible to use a common neutral conductor which reduces expenditure in connection with the line. It is even possible to connect regulators with a switching behaviour and can be controlled with a d.c. voltage from the remote transmitter, without feedbacks occurring.
  • The invention, will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
    • Fig 1 a block circuit diagram of a known installation with a central transmitter and regulators remote therefrom;
    • Fig 2 a circuit diagram of a power unit according to the invention with a current balancing circuit; and
    • Fig 3 a circuit diagram of a further power unit according to the invention.
  • Referring to Fig 1, a known installation has a central mains supply connected via a transformer 1, to a transmitter 2 with incorporated power unit and a plurality of remote electronic regulators 3a-3d each having an incorporated power unit. To reduce the number of lines which have to be installed, one connection of the secondary winding of the transformer 1 is chosen as the zero potential. The secondary winding supplies a voltage serving as an input a.c. voltage U- to the transmitter 2 and the regulators 3a-d. The transmitter voltage at an output A of the transmitter 2 is also related to this zero potential. The transmitter voltage is applied to inputs El to E4 of the regulators 3a-d, respectively, and is used for the control thereof.
  • Fig 2 shows a power unit, to whose input terminals is applied the input a.c. voltage U-. The lower input terminal in Fig 2 has zero potential and is designated by O. The input a.c. voltage U-is rectified by two rectifiers D1 and D2. As the rectifiers have opposite polarity, two voltages occur at the two following capacitors C1 and C2 with different polarities related to the common zero potential. These two voltages are applied by means of low-valued resistors R1 or R2 of a current measuring circuit 4 to in each case one linear regulator IC1 or IC2. In the represented embodiment, the regulators comprise known integrated voltage regulators. Regulators IC1 and IC2 are wired to capacitors C3 to C6 in order to prevent undesired oscillations. The two output voltages +UA and -UA, related to the zero potential 0, are then available at the indicated terminals.
  • To current measuring circuit 4 is connected a comparator circuit 5 and to the latter a current control circuit 6. Together all the three circuits 4, 5 and 6 form a current balancing circuit.
  • The current measuring circuit 4 comprises a bridge circuit formed from resistors R3 to R6 and which measures the voltage drop corresponding to the current J, or J2 through resistor R1 or R2. These voltage values reach the comparator circuit 5, which comprises the operational amplifier IC3 and the resistors R7 and R8 at the inverting or non-inverting input, resistor R9 from the non-inverting input to the zero potential 0 and resistor R10 from the output to the inverting input of the operational amplifier IC3. The comparison result at the output of the operational amplifier IC3 is a positive or negative voltage value, depending on whether current J1 or current J2 preponderates. This voltage value reaches the base of transistor T1 or T2 across a diode D3 or D4. The collector of transistor T1 is connected to the input of regulator IC1 and its emitter is connected across a resistor R13 to the zero potential. A resistor R11 is connected from the base of transistor T1 to zero potential. Transistor T2 is connected in the same way with resistors R12 and R14 between the input of regulator IC2 and zero potential.
  • The voltages corresponding to currents J, and J2 are determined by the current measuring circuit 4 compared with one another in comparator circuit 5 acting as a porportional controller and a resulting voltage value is supplied to transistor T1 or T2 acting as the control element. Transistor T1 or T2 then carries such a current that, apart from the very small control deviation, currents J, and J2 are the same.
  • Fig 3 shows a power unit in which one output voltage +UA is much more highly loaded than the other output voltage -UA. Due to the lighter loading, a circuit comprising a resistor R12 and a Zener diode D6 is used as the regulator for this output voltage -UA. The input and output connection isthe same as the circuit according to Fig 2 and consequently the same references are used for the same parts.
  • Downstream of capacitor C1 a series connection of a resistor R13 and a Zener diode D5 is connected to zero potential. Zener diode D5 has the same Zener voltage as Zener diode D6 and resistors R12 and R13 are identical. This power unit also has a current measuring circuit 4',to which is connected a comparator circuit 5'. The following current control circuit 6' has only one transistor T3 in series with a resistor R11 connected from the input of regulator 7 to zero potential O. The addition of the apostrophe means that in principle the circuit with the same reference numeral is used. Transistor 13 is adequate, provided that the output voltage -UA, is more lightly loaded than output voltage +UA, because then a balancing current only has to flow in the lightly loaded branch.
  • Current J6 is the same as current J7, it being assumed that current J2 is lower than current J6. Current J, is subject to greater fluctuations and greater loading and consequently so is current J8. Current J8 is determined by the current measuring circuit 4' and from this a control signal for transistor T3 is obtained in such a way that current J5 is the same as current J8.
  • As J6=J7 and now Js=Js and J3=JS+J6 and J4=J7+J8, it follows that J3=J4, so that balanced loading of the neutral conductor is obtained.

Claims (7)

1. Power unit with two output voltages of opposite polarity and common zero potential line which power unit, for connection to an input a.c. voltage, has a rectifier (D1, D2) and a linear regulator (lC1, lC2) for each output voltage, characterized in that a current balancing circuit (4, 5, 6) is arranged between the rectifiers (D1, D2) and the regulators (IC1, IC2) and that the line carrying the zero potential (0) is connected to one of the two lines of the input a.c. voltage (U-).
2. Power unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the current balancing circuit comprises a current measuring circuit (4) determining the currents (J1, J2) of the output voltages (+UA,-UA), a following comparator circuit (5) and a current control circuit (5) connected thereto between the inputs of the regulators (IC1, IC2) and the zero potential (0).
3. Power unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the current measuring circuit (4) comprises in each case one low-valued resistor (R1, R2) downstream of the rectifiers (D1, D2) with a bridge circuit (R3 to R6) connected thereto.
4. Power unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the comparator circuit (5) comprises an operational amplifier (IC3) connected as a proportional controller.
5. Power unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the current control circuit (6) comprises in each case one transistor (T1, T2) connected between the input of the regulators (IC1, IC2) and the zero potential(0).
6. Power unit according to claim 5, characterized in that in the case of light loading of an output voltage (-UA) only a transistor (T3) is connected from the input of the associated regulator (7) to the zero potential (0).
7. Power unit according to claim 6, characterized in that from the low-valued resistor (R1) in the branch of the more highly loaded output voltage (+UA) a series connection of a resistor (R13) and a Zener diode (D5) is connected to the zero potential.
EP82305003A 1981-10-01 1982-09-22 Power unit Expired EP0076599B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3139066 1981-10-01
DE19813139066 DE3139066A1 (en) 1981-10-01 1981-10-01 POWER SUPPLY

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076599A2 EP0076599A2 (en) 1983-04-13
EP0076599A3 EP0076599A3 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0076599B1 true EP0076599B1 (en) 1987-05-27

Family

ID=6143156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82305003A Expired EP0076599B1 (en) 1981-10-01 1982-09-22 Power unit

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076599B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5875223A (en)
AU (1) AU8868582A (en)
DE (1) DE3139066A1 (en)
NO (1) NO823287L (en)
ZA (1) ZA826852B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6176069A (en) * 1984-09-20 1986-04-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Converter device
US4686448A (en) * 1986-08-01 1987-08-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Slewing power supply for programmable phase shifter drive
US5144364A (en) * 1990-03-22 1992-09-01 Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. Power supply for electrophotography apparatus
US6160455A (en) * 1998-03-10 2000-12-12 Indigo Manufacturing Inc. Derived power supply for composite bridge amplifiers
TW521177B (en) 2000-08-31 2003-02-21 Primarion Inc Apparatus and system for providing transient suppression power regulation
US6975494B2 (en) 2001-01-29 2005-12-13 Primarion, Inc. Method and apparatus for providing wideband power regulation to a microelectronic device
US6738277B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2004-05-18 Power Integrations, Inc. Method and apparatus for balancing active capacitor leakage current
DE102004038534A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-03-16 Bosch Rexroth Ag Low loss voltage divider, especially for DC links

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3646428A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-02-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Symmetrical voltage regulator
US3704381A (en) * 1971-09-02 1972-11-28 Forbro Design Corp High stability current regulator controlling high current source with lesser stability
JPS5528167A (en) * 1978-08-18 1980-02-28 Sutatsukusu Kogyo Kk Parallel type constant voltage source unit by constant current feeding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO823287L (en) 1983-04-05
ZA826852B (en) 1983-10-26
EP0076599A3 (en) 1984-05-16
EP0076599A2 (en) 1983-04-13
DE3139066A1 (en) 1983-04-14
JPS5875223A (en) 1983-05-06
AU8868582A (en) 1983-04-14

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