EP0074529A1 - A circuit breaker with arc restricting device - Google Patents
A circuit breaker with arc restricting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0074529A1 EP0074529A1 EP82107758A EP82107758A EP0074529A1 EP 0074529 A1 EP0074529 A1 EP 0074529A1 EP 82107758 A EP82107758 A EP 82107758A EP 82107758 A EP82107758 A EP 82107758A EP 0074529 A1 EP0074529 A1 EP 0074529A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- contacts
- space
- extinguishing plates
- shields
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circuit breaker with arc restricting device, the interrupting performance of which is enhanced. More particularly, it relates to the relative arrangement between contactors having arc shields and arc extinguishing plates.
- Figure 1 Figure 2 and Figures 3(A) and 3(B) show the opened and closed states of contactors and the configuration of the electric arc between the contactors according to the prior art.
- numeral 1 designates a movable conductor made of copper to which a movable contact 2 is fastened.
- the movable conductor 1 and contact 2 constitute a movable contactor 11.
- Numeral 3 designates a stationary contact which is fastened to a stationary conductor 4 made of copper.
- the stationary contact 3 and conductor 4 constitute a stationary contactor 12.
- Shown at numeral 5 is an arc extinguishing plate for extinguishing an electric arc 6 which occurs when contacts 2 and 3 are separated.
- Figure 1 illustrates contactors 11 and 12 in a closed state, wherein electric power is fed from a power supply side to a load side in the order of the components 4 1 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.
- the present invention has for its object to enhance the performance of a circuit breaker by surrounding the contacts thereof with arc shields which are made of a material having a resistivity higher than that of the conductors adjoining said contacts, and by appropriately setting the relative arrangement between the contacts and arc extinguishing plates.
- a pair of electric contactors 11, 12 are provided with arc shields 7, 7 positioned on conductors 1, 4 and formed in a manner so as to conceal the parts of these conductors 1, 4 surrounding contacts 2,3.
- the arc shields 7 are made of a high resistivity material which is higher in resistivity than that of the conductors 1, 4 which are made of copper.
- the arc shields 7 may comprise, for example, an organic or inorganic electrically- insulating substance such as ceramics, nichrome, nickel, iron, copper-nickel, copper-manganese, manganin, iron- carbon, iron-nickel, and iron-chromium.
- arc extinguishing plates 51, 52 and 53 which define an envelope space K when their outer edges are joined, as illustrated in Figure 5.
- Symbols m, m in Figure 4(A) indicate a pair of spaces of truncated cones whose bottom surfaces are superposed on each other.
- the truncated cones have apical surfaces which are closed curved surfaces defined by the inner edges 7a of the arc shields 7 adjoining the respective contacts 2, 3, and conical surfaces which form angles of within 35° with respect to normals n set on the outer surfaces of the adjoining parts of the arc shields 7,.7.
- a space M is defined in such a manner that the pair of truncated cones m, m have their bottom surfaces superposed on each other in the state in which both the contactors 11, 12 are fully open.
- the relationship of arrangement between both the contactors 11, 12 and the arc extinguishing plates 51, 52, 53 is so determined that the space M contains at least a part of the envelope space K of the arc extinguishing plates 51, 52, 53. Accordingly, the space M and the envelope space K have an overlap part D as shown in Figure 4(B).
- Letter S indicates the remaining section of the space M.
- the arc shield 7 functions as follows. As illustrated in Figure 6, the arc shield 7 limits the size of the foot of the arc 6, thereby raising the arc density in the space surrounding the foot of the arc 6. That is, since the arc shield 7 is made of a high resistivity material as described with reference to Figure 4(A), the movement of the foot of the arc 6 along the conductors 1, 4, is limited. As a result, the space proximate to the contact undergoes a pressure rise owing to the high heat of the arc 6.
- emanating metal particles a which are emitted from the contact 3 where the foot of the arc 6 exists are confined within a narrow range owing to the effect of the arc shield 7.
- the density of the metal particles a accordingly increases to raise the arc voltage, so that the current limiting performance is enhanced.
- the arc 6 is confined within the arc space M which is formed of the overlapping parts of the pair of truncated cones m, m set for the respective contacts 2, 3, as depicted in Figure 8(A).
- the current of the arc 6 chiefly flows within the arc space M in which the metal particles a are existing (refer to Figure 6).
- the emanating directions of the metal particles a are regulated. Moreover, the tendency of metal particles to flow in the regulated directions is greater for circuit breakers having arc shields 7. Accordingly, in order to bend the arc 6 toward the arc extinguishing plates positioned between both contacts so as to prolong the arc, it is necessary to exert a stronger force on the are 6 than in the prior art or to conversely exploit the intense regulation of the emanating directions of the metal particles of the arc 6 by the arc shields.
- the arrangement of the contactors 11, 12 and the arc extinguishing plates 51-53 is specified thereby to enhance the performances of the circuit breaker. More specifically, by bringing the arc extinguishing plates 51-53 in Figure 4(A) closer to the contactors 11, 12, the arrangement is so set that the space M contains at least a part of the envelope space K of the arc extinguishing plates 51-53. Thus, the current limiting performance and the interrupting performance are greatly enhanced.
- the overlapping parts of the arc space M and the envelope space K are defined by the area D shown in Figure 4(B).
- Figure 9 shows an example in which the opening angle of the movable conductor 1 at the opening of the movable and stationary contactors 11, 12 is made great to enlarge the overlapping area betwen the arc space M and the envelope space K of the arc extinguishing plates 51-53, whereby the arc extinguishing capability is sharply enhanced.
- the arc 6 comes to have a greater effective length as indicated by a broken line A in the figure, because the emanating directions of the arc 6 are regulated. Accordingly, the arc voltage rises, and the current limiting performance improves.
- the arc 6 comes into direct contact with the arc extinguishing plates 51-53, it has an intense driving force exerted thereon by the arc extinguishing plates 51-53 and its length increases more, so that the arc voltage rises still more. Further, since the high-temperature and high-pressure part of the arc 6 is directly cooled by the arc extinguishing plates 51-53, the interrupting performance is enhanced.
- a circuit breaker which is excellent in the current limiting performance and the interrupting performance is provided.
Abstract
The present invention relates to a circuit breaker with arc restricting device wherein arc shields (7) made of a material higher in resistivity than the contactor (11,12) conductors (1, 4) used therein are disposed around contacts (2, 3) on said conductors (1, 4) and wherein a space (M) is set at a predetermined angle on the arc shields (7) in a manner to surround the contacts (2, 3) contains at least a part of an envelope space (K) defined by joining outer edges of a plurality of arc extinguishing plates (51, 52, 53).
Description
- The present invention relates to a circuit breaker with arc restricting device, the interrupting performance of which is enhanced. More particularly, it relates to the relative arrangement between contactors having arc shields and arc extinguishing plates.
- Heretofore, sufficient consideration has not been given to the relative arrangement between contactors and arc extinguishing plates, especially the arrangement at the opening of the contactors.
- Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figures 3(A) and 3(B) show the opened and closed states of contactors and the configuration of the electric arc between the contactors according to the prior art. In Figure 1,. numeral 1 designates a movable conductor made of copper to which a
movable contact 2 is fastened. The movable conductor 1 andcontact 2 constitute amovable contactor 11. Numeral 3 designates a stationary contact which is fastened to astationary conductor 4 made of copper. Thestationary contact 3 andconductor 4 constitute astationary contactor 12. Shown atnumeral 5 is an arc extinguishing plate for extinguishing anelectric arc 6 which occurs whencontacts - Figure 1 illustrates
contactors components 4 1 3 → 2 → 1. - Now, when the movable conductor 1 causes
contact 2 to open due to a trip command which is applied to an operating mechanism portion, not shown, theelectric arc 6 develops across the gap between thecontacts contacts arc 6 moves outwardly away from thecontacts conductors 1, 4 as illustrated in Figures 3(A) and 3(B). The movement is due to the following reason: - When the distance between the contacts is short as illustrated in Figure 2, the
arc 6 is usually difficult to move. However, as the distance between the contacts increases and accordingly the length of thearc 6 is increased, as shown in Figure 3(A), the arc moves easily even for small forces imposed thereon. In the situation of Figure 3(A), the force on thearc 6 consists of an electromagnetic repulsive force due to the current flowing through themovable conductors 1, 4 and a magnetic attractive force of the arcextinguishing plates 5. These forces cause thearc 6 to move. - When, as shown in Figures 3 (A) and 3 (B) the
arc 6 moves along the electrodes due to the attraction force of the arcextinguishing plates 5, the positive column portion of thearc 6 touches the arcextinguishing plates 5 and is cooled by the latter. Moreover, thearc 6 is stretched by the arcextinguishing plates 5, whereby the cooling is highly promoted. In this way, the extinction of thearc 6 at the current zero point is facilitated. That is, the arc extinguishing performance is attained by utilizing the attraction and cooling of thearc 6 by the arcextinguishing plates 5. In the prior art, circuit breakers of this type, the feet of thearc 6 freely move on theconductors 1 and 4. It has therefore been impossible to determine the relative arrangement between, particularly, the arcextinguishing plates 5 and thecontacts conductors 1, 4. - The present invention has for its object to enhance the performance of a circuit breaker by surrounding the contacts thereof with arc shields which are made of a material having a resistivity higher than that of the conductors adjoining said contacts, and by appropriately setting the relative arrangement between the contacts and arc extinguishing plates.
- Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with respect to the prior art and making reference to the enclosed drawings, wherein
- Figure 1 is a side view for explaining the closed state of a prior-art circuit breaker;
- Figure 2 is a side view for explaining the opened state of the prior-art circuit breaker;
- Figures 3 (A) and 3(B) illustrate the behaviour of an electric arc, in which Figure.3(A) is a side view and Figure 3(B) is a view seen along the direction HB - HB in Figure 3(A);
- Figures 4 (A) and 4(B) illustrate a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which Figure 4(A) is a vertical sectional view and Figure 4(B) is a plan view of an arc extinguishing plate;
- Figure 5 is a perspective view showing an envelope space defined by the arc extinguishing plates;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the essential portions of a stationary contactor;
- Figure 7 is a perspective view showing a modified embodiment of an arc shield;
- Figures 8 (A) and 8(B) illustrate the function of the arc shields, in which Figure 8(A) is a vertical sectional view and Figure 8(B) is a bottom view of a movable contactor and an arc extinguishing plate in Figure 8(A);
- Figure 9 is a vertical sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention; and
- Figures 10(A) and 10(B) show still another embodiment, in which Figure 10(A) is a bottom view of a movable contactor and Figure 10(B) is a plan view of a stationary contactor.
- In the drawings, the same symbols indicate the same or corresponding parts.
- Hereunder, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- Referring to Figure 4(A), a pair of
electric contactors arc shields conductors 1, 4 and formed in a manner so as to conceal the parts of theseconductors 1, 4 surroundingcontacts arc shields 7 are made of a high resistivity material which is higher in resistivity than that of theconductors 1, 4 which are made of copper. Thearc shields 7 may comprise, for example, an organic or inorganic electrically- insulating substance such as ceramics, nichrome, nickel, iron, copper-nickel, copper-manganese, manganin, iron- carbon, iron-nickel, and iron-chromium. - In a position opposite to the force end of the
movable contactor 11, there are vertically stacked a plurality of arcextinguishing plates inner edges 7a of thearc shields 7 adjoining therespective contacts arc shields 7,.7. - A space M is defined in such a manner that the pair of truncated cones m, m have their bottom surfaces superposed on each other in the state in which both the
contactors contactors extinguishing plates extinguishing plates - In the above construction, the
arc shield 7 functions as follows. As illustrated in Figure 6, thearc shield 7 limits the size of the foot of thearc 6, thereby raising the arc density in the space surrounding the foot of thearc 6. That is, since thearc shield 7 is made of a high resistivity material as described with reference to Figure 4(A), the movement of the foot of thearc 6 along theconductors 1, 4, is limited. As a result, the space proximate to the contact undergoes a pressure rise owing to the high heat of thearc 6. Therefore, unlike the arc in the prior art wherein the foot of the arc's movement is not inhibited, emanating metal particles a which are emitted from thecontact 3 where the foot of thearc 6 exists are confined within a narrow range owing to the effect of thearc shield 7. The density of the metal particles a accordingly increases to raise the arc voltage, so that the current limiting performance is enhanced. - An experiment has revealed that the emanating directions of the metal particles are confined within the internal space of the truncated cone m whose apical surface is the closed curved surface defined by the
inner edge 7a of thearc shield 7 and which has the conical surface forming an angle of 35° with respect to the normal n set on the outer surface of thearc shield 7. Even when, as shown in Figure 7, aclearance 8 where theconductor 4 is exposed is existent between thearc shield 7 and thecontact 3, a closed curve formed by theinner edge 7a of thearc shield 7 defines the apical surface of the truncated cone m similarly. - Accordingly, the
arc 6 is confined within the arc space M which is formed of the overlapping parts of the pair of truncated cones m, m set for therespective contacts arc 6 chiefly flows within the arc space M in which the metal particles a are existing (refer to Figure 6). - Owing to the
arc shield 7, the emanating directions of the metal particles a are regulated. Moreover, the tendency of metal particles to flow in the regulated directions is greater for circuit breakers havingarc shields 7. Accordingly, in order to bend thearc 6 toward the arc extinguishing plates positioned between both contacts so as to prolong the arc, it is necessary to exert a stronger force on the are 6 than in the prior art or to conversely exploit the intense regulation of the emanating directions of the metal particles of thearc 6 by the arc shields. - In Figures 8(A) and 8(B), the arc space M in which the arc 6 is confined does not overlap the envelope space K of the arc
extinguishing plates 5. Accordingly, the driving effect and cooling effect of thearc extinguishing plates 5 on thearc 6 as described before are weakened,so that a stationary current limiting or interrupting effect cannot be demonstrated. - In the present invention, therefore, the arrangement of the
contactors contactors - When the
arc 6 has been developed, that part in the positive column of the arc which has the highest temperature and accordingly includes large quantities of charges is in the space M. Therefore, by arranging theconductors 1, 4,contacts arc 6 is enhanced. - Figure 9 shows an example in which the opening angle of the movable conductor 1 at the opening of the movable and
stationary contactors contactors arc 6 comes to have a greater effective length as indicated by a broken line A in the figure, because the emanating directions of thearc 6 are regulated. Accordingly, the arc voltage rises, and the current limiting performance improves. In addition, since thearc 6 comes into direct contact with the arc extinguishing plates 51-53, it has an intense driving force exerted thereon by the arc extinguishing plates 51-53 and its length increases more, so that the arc voltage rises still more. Further, since the high-temperature and high-pressure part of thearc 6 is directly cooled by the arc extinguishing plates 51-53, the interrupting performance is enhanced. - Further, in a case where as illustrated in Figures 10(A) and 10 (B),
arc runways arc extinguishing plates 5 are provided in the arc shields 7, 7 so as to expose theconductors 1, 4, thearc 6 rapidly runs along thearc runway 10 and comes into contact with thearc extinguishing plates 5 to be cooled thereby, for small currents wherein the feet of thearc 6 are small. Therefore, the interrupting performance for the small currents is enhanced. - As set forth above, according to the present invention, a circuit breaker which is excellent in the current limiting performance and the interrupting performance is provided.
Claims (1)
- A circuit breaker with arc restricting device, comprising:a pair of electric contactors (11, 12) each of which hasa conductor (1, 4), and a contact (2, 3) fastened to said conductor (11,12);arc shields (7) which are formed of a high resistivity material having a resistivity higher than that of said conductors (1,4) and which are respectively disposed on said conductors (1,4) in a manner to surround said contacts (2,3); anda plurality of arc extinguishing plates (51, 52, 53) which are disposed near said contacts (2,3) and which function to extinguish an electric arc (6) produced by the separation of said contacts (2,3);said arc shields (7) and said arc extinguishing plates (51, 52,53) constituting the arc limiter, wherein a space (M) defined by a pair of truncated cones (m, m) whose apical surface are closed curved surfaces defined by edges (7a) of said arc shields (7) around the respective contacts (2,3) and which have conical surfaces forming angles of within 35° to normals (n) set on outer surfaces of said arc shields (7), said space (M) between said contacts (2,3) having their bottom parts superposed on each other at the separation of said contacts (2,3), contains at least a part of an envelope space (K) which is defined by joining outer edges of said arc extinguishing plates (51, 52, 53).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1981125801U JPS5830254U (en) | 1981-08-24 | 1981-08-24 | circuit break |
JP125801/81U | 1981-08-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0074529A1 true EP0074529A1 (en) | 1983-03-23 |
Family
ID=14919232
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82107758A Withdrawn EP0074529A1 (en) | 1981-08-24 | 1982-08-24 | A circuit breaker with arc restricting device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0074529A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5830254U (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA826005B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0206249A2 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-12-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Circuit breaker |
EP0613162A2 (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-08-31 | Cesare Gallone | Interconnecting device between contacts in electric switches and the like |
WO1997001859A1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-16 | Square D Company | Arc-resistant shield for protecting a movable contact carrier of a circuit breaker |
EP0698899B1 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 2000-04-19 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Switch |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0793093B2 (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1995-10-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Switch |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3310649A (en) * | 1964-10-21 | 1967-03-21 | Greber Henry | Electrical switch with electrostatic prevention of arc formation |
DE1765051A1 (en) * | 1968-03-26 | 1971-07-01 | Degussa | Electrical contact arrangement for rapid arc discharge on a fixed path |
DE1690463B1 (en) * | 1968-02-03 | 1971-10-07 | Elektro App Werke Berlin Trept | ARC EXTINGUISHER FOR ELECTRIC LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS |
DE1765999A1 (en) * | 1967-09-22 | 1971-11-25 | Merlin Gerin | Pressure contact arrangement |
DE1765157B1 (en) * | 1967-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | Elek Scher App Sprecher & Schu | Contact device for vacuum switch |
DE2513242A1 (en) * | 1974-04-03 | 1975-10-16 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | ARC ISOLATION ELEMENT FOR MOUNTING ON ELECTRIC SWITCHES |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4940765B1 (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1974-11-05 | ||
JPS4912457B1 (en) * | 1969-08-29 | 1974-03-25 |
-
1981
- 1981-08-24 JP JP1981125801U patent/JPS5830254U/en active Pending
-
1982
- 1982-08-18 ZA ZA826005A patent/ZA826005B/en unknown
- 1982-08-24 EP EP82107758A patent/EP0074529A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3310649A (en) * | 1964-10-21 | 1967-03-21 | Greber Henry | Electrical switch with electrostatic prevention of arc formation |
DE1765157B1 (en) * | 1967-06-01 | 1972-05-31 | Elek Scher App Sprecher & Schu | Contact device for vacuum switch |
DE1765999A1 (en) * | 1967-09-22 | 1971-11-25 | Merlin Gerin | Pressure contact arrangement |
DE1690463B1 (en) * | 1968-02-03 | 1971-10-07 | Elektro App Werke Berlin Trept | ARC EXTINGUISHER FOR ELECTRIC LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS |
DE1765051A1 (en) * | 1968-03-26 | 1971-07-01 | Degussa | Electrical contact arrangement for rapid arc discharge on a fixed path |
DE2513242A1 (en) * | 1974-04-03 | 1975-10-16 | Siemens Ag Oesterreich | ARC ISOLATION ELEMENT FOR MOUNTING ON ELECTRIC SWITCHES |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0206249A2 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-12-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Circuit breaker |
EP0206249A3 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1988-01-20 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Circuit breaker |
EP0698899B1 (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 2000-04-19 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Switch |
EP0613162A2 (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-08-31 | Cesare Gallone | Interconnecting device between contacts in electric switches and the like |
EP0613162A3 (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1995-02-01 | Cesare Gallone | Interconnecting device between contacts in electric switches and the like. |
WO1997001859A1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-16 | Square D Company | Arc-resistant shield for protecting a movable contact carrier of a circuit breaker |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5830254U (en) | 1983-02-26 |
ZA826005B (en) | 1983-07-27 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19830518 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
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18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19850109 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: TERACHI, JUNICHI Inventor name: YOSHIYASU, HAJIMU Inventor name: HISATSUNE, FUMIYUKI Inventor name: YAMAGATA, SHINJI |