EP0073925B1 - Contact arrangement for a vacuum switch - Google Patents
Contact arrangement for a vacuum switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0073925B1 EP0073925B1 EP82106926A EP82106926A EP0073925B1 EP 0073925 B1 EP0073925 B1 EP 0073925B1 EP 82106926 A EP82106926 A EP 82106926A EP 82106926 A EP82106926 A EP 82106926A EP 0073925 B1 EP0073925 B1 EP 0073925B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- copper
- hollow bodies
- another
- consist
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6644—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact
- H01H33/6645—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact in which the coil like electrical connections encircle at least once the contact rod
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6646—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having non flat disc-like contact surface
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Kunststoffanordnun for vacuum switch according to the preamble of claim 1
- a 1 che contact arrangement is known from DE-C-2 740 994.
- a vacuum switch is known from US Pat. No. 3,014,107, the contact bolts of which, in order to generate an magnetic field, have cylindrical coils that rotate in opposite directions in a spiral.
- a contact arrangement for vacuum switches is known, each with a contact part designed as a hollow hollow body, the jacket of which is provided with slots which are helical with respect to the axis of rotation.
- the limit breaking capacity of vacuum interrupters with disc-shaped contacts is generally lower than the limit breaking capacity of pot-shaped contacts if the metal vapor arc discharge on the edge of the pot contact rotates magnetically, driven by oblique slots in the lateral surface of the pot contact.
- the all-round contracted arc discharge prevents inadmissible overheating of the contact material during the burning time of the arc discharge.
- a significant increase in the limit breaking capacity of vacuum interrupters has been achieved by providing an additional magnetic field parallel to the axis of the vacuum interrupter, which is generated directly by the breaking current.
- the invention has for its object to provide vacuum switch contacts with such a contact geometry that an outer coil is avoided. This object is achieved according to the invention by a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with the features of patent claim 1.
- the proposed contact geometry has the essential advantage that an outer coil is avoided.
- the elongated, helically slotted hollow body contacts only generate the necessary axial magnetic field by lifting the contact bolts from the inside of the hollow body contacts when the device is switched off.
- the figure shows in section a contact arrangement for vacuum switches according to the invention.
- the switching contacts 1, 2 shown in the figure with a fixed contact pin 3 and a movable contact pin 4, their mutually opposing end faces 11, 12 are surrounded by hollow bodies 5, 6 which, with their side walls 7, 10 facing away from one another, on the contact pin 3, 4 are attached.
- the end faces 11, 12 of the contact pins 3, 4 are set back with respect to the inner walls of the mutually facing ends 8, 9 of the hollow bodies 5, 6, each forming a gap 13.
- the solid contact bolts 3, 4 are preferably made of copper and their strength can be considerably improved by adding one percent boron, beryllium, chromium and / or zirconium.
- the surface areas 11, 12 of the contact bolts 3, 4 are significantly enlarged in terms of surface area by the hollow bodies 5, 6.
- the mutually facing ends 8, 9 of the hollow bodies 5, 6 consist of a suitable contact material which resists the arc, preferably of chromium-copper, tungsten-copper, cobalt-copper or molybdenum-copper, and are with the ends 7, 10 the hollow body 5, 6 brazed to an annular outer skin with the contact bolts 3, 4.
- the ends of the hollow bodies 5, 6 facing away from one another preferably consist of pure copper or of copper to which 1% to 3% boron, beryllium, chromium and / or zirconium has been added.
- the hollow bodies 5, 6 surrounding the contact bolts 3, 4 are provided with a helical circumferential slot 14 in the same sense, so that the contact bolts 3 are released only when the hollow bodies 5, 6 are relieved , 4 stand out from the hollow bodies 5, 6 to form the column 13 and the current is commutated onto the hollow body in such a way that it generates an axial magnetic field in the coil windings 16, 17 as it flows through these bodies.
- the contact force supported via the contact bolts, the closed gaps 13 and the main gap 18 does not exert any forces on the hollow body.
- the necessary axial magnetic field is created by the transfer of the current from the contact pin to the hollow body.
- the metal vapor discharge in the main gap 18 only slightly stresses the surface of the contact material due to the magnetic field strength, since the arc did not contract from the diffuse discharge into the contract due to the magnetic field Discharge, which can lead to dangerous overheating of the contact surface. As a result, a magnetic movement of the diffuse discharge distributed over the entire surfaces of the side walls 8, 9 can be dispensed with.
- the slot angle of the hollow body with respect to the axis must be larger in order to increase the number of turns produced by sloting and thus the field strength.
- the same effect can also be achieved with a fixed inclination angle by lengthening the hollow body.
- the contact geometry proposed according to the invention is weakly elastic in its two hollow bodies 5, 6, so that the internal gaps between the surfaces 11, 12 of the contact bolts 3, 4 and the inner walls of the mutually facing ends 8, 9 of the hollow bodies 5, 6 also close under contact pressure . As a result, a small path resistance of the closed current path is achieved and the deformation of the hollow bodies 5, 6 is avoided.
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kontaktanordnun für Vakuumschalter nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 Eine 1 che Kontaktanordnung ist aus der DE-C-2 740 994 bekannt.The invention relates to a Kontaktanordnun for vacuum switch according to the preamble of claim 1 A 1 che contact arrangement is known from DE-C-2 740 994.
Weiterhin ist aus der US-A-3 014 107 ein Vakuumschalter bekannt, dessen Kontaktbolzen zum Erzeugen eine s Magnetfeldes gegensinnig spiralförmig umlaufende Zylinderspulen aufweisen.Furthermore, a vacuum switch is known from US Pat. No. 3,014,107, the contact bolts of which, in order to generate an magnetic field, have cylindrical coils that rotate in opposite directions in a spiral.
Schließlich ist aus der FR-A-2 346 840 eine Kontaktanordnung für Vakuumschalter mit jeweils einem als Rotationshohlkörper gestalteten Kontaktteil bekannt, dessen Mantel mit gegenüber der Rotationsachse wendelförmig verlaufenden Schlitzen versehen ist.Finally, from FR-A-2 346 840 a contact arrangement for vacuum switches is known, each with a contact part designed as a hollow hollow body, the jacket of which is provided with slots which are helical with respect to the axis of rotation.
Die Grenzausschaltleistung von Vakuumschaltröhren mit scheibenförmigen Kontakten ist in aller Regel niedriger als die Grenzausschaltleistung von topfförmigen Kontakten, wenn die Metalldampfbogenentladung auf dem Rand des Topfkontaktes durch schräge Schlitze in der Mantelfläche des Topfkontaktes magnetisch augetrieben umläuft. Durch die umlaufende kontrahierte Bogenentladung wird eine unzulässige Uberhitzung des Kontaktmaterials während der Brennzeit der Bogenentladung vermieden. Im Verlauf der letzteren Jahre erreichte man eine erhebliche Erhöhung der Grenzausschaltleistung von Vakuumschaltröhren, indem parallel zur Achse der Vakuumschaltröhre ein zusätzliches magnetisches Feld vorgesehen wird, das vom Ausschaltstrom direkt erzeugt wird. Technisch sind Lösungen bekannt, in denen eine Spulenanordnung in der Höhe der Brennkammer direkt vom Strom der Röhre durchflo ssen wird und im Ausschaltaugenblick das für die Schaltleistungserhöhung notwendige magnetische Feld erzeugt. Bei dieser bekannten technischen Lösung durchfließt der Betriebs- und Kurzschlußausschaltstrom permanent die um die Schaltkammer der Röhre gelegte Spule, die elektrisch in Reihe mit der Vakuumschaltröhre geschaltet ist. Dies bedingt, daß die Spule elektrisch voll gegen die Brennkammer isoliert sein muß, da zwischen Brennarmer und dem Potential des Kontaktes, der mit der Spule verbunden ist, im ausgeschaltet n Zustand mindestens die halbe Klemmenspannung liegt; feruer muß die Spule für den Betriebs- und Kurzzeitstrom dimensioniert werden.The limit breaking capacity of vacuum interrupters with disc-shaped contacts is generally lower than the limit breaking capacity of pot-shaped contacts if the metal vapor arc discharge on the edge of the pot contact rotates magnetically, driven by oblique slots in the lateral surface of the pot contact. The all-round contracted arc discharge prevents inadmissible overheating of the contact material during the burning time of the arc discharge. In the course of the last few years, a significant increase in the limit breaking capacity of vacuum interrupters has been achieved by providing an additional magnetic field parallel to the axis of the vacuum interrupter, which is generated directly by the breaking current. Technically, solutions are known in which a coil arrangement at the level of the combustion chamber is flowed directly by the current of the tube and generates the magnetic field required for increasing the switching power at the instant of switching off. In this known technical solution, the operating and short-circuit breaking current flows permanently through the coil placed around the switching chamber of the tube, which is electrically connected in series with the vacuum interrupter. This means that the coil must be fully electrically insulated from the combustion chamber, since between the arm and the potential of the contact that is connected to the coil, when switched off, there is at least half the terminal voltage; The coil must also be dimensioned for the operating and short-time current.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Vakuumschalterkontakte mit einer solchen Kontaktgeometrie zu schaffen, daß eine äußere Spule vermieden wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kontaktanordnung für Vakuurnschalter mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspnnchs 1 gelöst.The invention has for its object to provide vacuum switch contacts with such a contact geometry that an outer coil is avoided. This object is achieved according to the invention by a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with the features of patent claim 1.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand zusätzlicher Ansprdche.Further advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are the subject of additional claims.
Die vorgeschlagene Kontaktgeometrie hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß eine äußere Spule vermieden wird. Die verlängerten wendelförmig geschlitzten Hohlkörperkontakte erzeugen erst im Ausschaltmoment das notwendige axiale Magnetfeld durch Abheben der Kontaktbolzen von der Innenseite der Hohlkörperkontakte.The proposed contact geometry has the essential advantage that an outer coil is avoided. The elongated, helically slotted hollow body contacts only generate the necessary axial magnetic field by lifting the contact bolts from the inside of the hollow body contacts when the device is switched off.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbei spiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail based on a preferred game Ausführungsbei with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Die Figur zeigt im Schnitt eine Kontaktanordnung für Vakuumschalter gemäß der Erfindung. Bei den in der Figur dargestellten Schaltkontakten 1, 2 mit einem feststehenden Kontaktbolzen 3 und einem bewegbaren Kontaktbolzen 4 sind deren einander gegenüberstehende Stirnflächen 1 1, 12 von Hohlkörpern 5, 6 umgeben, die mit ihren einander abgewandten Seitenwänden 7,10 an den Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 befestigt sind. Die Stirnflächen 11, 12 der Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 sind gegenüber den Innenwänden der einander zugewandten Enden 8, 9 der Hohlkörper 5, 6 mit diesen jeweils einen Spalt 13 bildend zurdckversetzt. Die massiven Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 bestehen vorzugsweise aus Kupfer und können in ihrer Festigkeit durch einen einprozentigen Zusatz von Bor, Beryllium, Chrom und/oder Zirkon erheblich verbessert werden. Die Stinnft.ächen 11, 12 der Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 sind durch die Hohlkörper 5, 6 oberflächen-mäßig bedeutend vergrößert. Dabei bestehen die einander zugewandten Enden 8, 9 der Hohlkörper 5, 6 aus einem geeigneten, dem Lichtbogen widerstehenden Kontaktmaterial, vorzugsweise aus Chrom-Kupfer, Wolfram-Kupfer, Kobalt-Kupfer oder Molybdän-Kupfer, und sind mit den voneinander abgewandten Enden 7,10 der Hohlkörper 5, 6 an einer ringförmigen Außenhaut mit den Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 hart verlötet. Die voneinander abgewandten Enden der Hohlkörper 5, 6 bestehen vorzugsweise aus reinem Kupfer oder aus Kupfer, dem 1% bis 3% Bor, Beryllium, Chrom und/oder Zirkon hinzulegiert ist. Zur Erzeugung des axialen Feldes, das die Grenzausschaltleistung wesentlich erhöht, sind die die Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 umgebenden Hohlkörper 5, 6 mit einem im gleichen Sinn wendelförmig umlaufenden Schlitz 14 versehen, so daß erst im Ausschaltaugenblick bei Entlastung der Hohlkörper 5, 6 die Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 von den Hohlkörpern 5, 6 unter Bildung der Spalte 13 abheben und der Strom so auf die Hohlkörper kommutiert, daß er bei Durchfließen die ser Körper in den Spulenwindungen 16, 17 ein axiales magnetisches Feld erzeugt. Die sich über die Kontaktbolzen, die geschlossenen Spalte 13 und den Hauptspalt 18 abstützende Kontaktkraft übt keine Kräfte auf den Hohlkörper aus. Im Ausschaitmon ent entsteht das notwendige axiale Magnetfeld durch den Übergang des Stromes von den Kontaktbolzen auf den Hohlkörper. Die Metalldampfentladung im Hauptspalt 18 beansprucht durch die magnetische Feldstärke die Oberfläche des Kontaktmaterials nur wenig, da der Bogen durch das magnetische Feld nicht von der diffusen Entladung in die kontrahierte Entladung, die zu gefährlichen Überhitzungen der Kontaktoberfläche führen kann, übergehen kann. Demzufolge kann auf eine magnetische Bewegung der über die gesamten Oberflächen der Seitenwände 8, 9 verteilten diffusen Entladung verzichtet werden.The figure shows in section a contact arrangement for vacuum switches according to the invention. In the
Mit größerwerdender Grenzausschattleistung muß der Schlitzwinkel des Hohlkörpers im Bezug zur Achse größer werden, um die Zahl der durch Schlitzung erzeugten Windungen und damit die Feldstärke zu erhöhen. Der gleiche Effekt kann auch bei festgehaltenem Neigungswinkel durch Verlängerung der Hohlkörper erreicht werden. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Kontaktgeometrie ist in ihren beiden Hohlkörpern 5, 6 schwach elastisch, so daß unter Kontaktdruck sich auch die Innenspalte zwischen den Flächen 11, 12 der Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 und den Innenwänden der einander zugewandten Enden 8, 9 der Hohlkörper 5, 6 schließen. Dadurch wird ein kleiner Bahnwiderstand des geschlossenen Strompfades erreicht und die Deformation der Hohlkörper 5, 6 vermieden. Im Abschaltaugenblick öffnen sich zunächst die Innenspalte 13 zwischen den Stinnflächen 11, 12 der Kontaktbolzen 3, 4 und den Innenwänden der einander zugewandten Enden 8, 9 der Hohlkörper 5, 6, so daß der zwischen den beiden einander zugewandten Enden 8, 9 gezühdete Lichtbogen nur über die Hohlkörper 5, 6 gespeist wird.As the limit screening capacity increases, the slot angle of the hollow body with respect to the axis must be larger in order to increase the number of turns produced by sloting and thus the field strength. The same effect can also be achieved with a fixed inclination angle by lengthening the hollow body. The contact geometry proposed according to the invention is weakly elastic in its two hollow bodies 5, 6, so that the internal gaps between the
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813133799 DE3133799A1 (en) | 1981-08-26 | 1981-08-26 | "CONTACT ARRANGEMENT FOR VACUUM SWITCHES" |
DE3133799 | 1981-08-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0073925A1 EP0073925A1 (en) | 1983-03-16 |
EP0073925B1 true EP0073925B1 (en) | 1986-02-26 |
Family
ID=6140180
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82106926A Expired EP0073925B1 (en) | 1981-08-26 | 1982-07-30 | Contact arrangement for a vacuum switch |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4453054A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0073925B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5842125A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3133799A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3231593A1 (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1984-03-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | CONTACT ARRANGEMENT FOR VACUUM SWITCHES |
JPS59163726A (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1984-09-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Vacuum breaker |
DE3332092A1 (en) * | 1983-09-02 | 1985-03-21 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | CONTACT FOR A VACUUM SWITCH TUBE |
US4553002A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-11-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Axial magnetic field vacuum-type circuit interrupter |
DE3422949A1 (en) * | 1984-06-19 | 1985-12-19 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | VACUUM SWITCH TUBES WITH A COIL TO GENERATE A MAGNETIC FIELD |
GB8510442D0 (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1985-05-30 | Vacuum Interrupters Ltd | High current switch contacts |
IT1213307B (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1989-12-20 | Sgs Microelettronica Spa | VOLTAGE REPEATER CIRCUIT FOR LOADS WITH RESISTIVE COMPONENT WITH HARMONIC DISTORTION COMPENSATION. |
DE3644453A1 (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1988-07-07 | Licentia Gmbh | SWITCHING PIECE FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER |
JPH0742086B2 (en) * | 1991-11-08 | 1995-05-10 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Method for purifying hydrogen chloride gas containing organic acid |
JPH05159851A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | High current density glow discharge switch |
JP2861757B2 (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1999-02-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Electrode device for vacuum valve |
GB2323213B (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2001-10-17 | Gec Alsthom Ltd | Vacuum switching device |
DE10253866B4 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2005-01-05 | Siemens Ag | Contact piece with rounded slot edges |
FR2946792A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-17 | Areva T & D Sa | WINDING FOR CONTACT WITH IMPROVED ENDURANCE MEDIUM VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ASSOCIATED ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER. |
CN110942938A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-31 | 北京双杰电气股份有限公司 | Contact unit for DC contactor |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2949520A (en) * | 1958-04-23 | 1960-08-16 | Gen Electric | Contact structure for an electric circuit interrupter |
US3014107A (en) * | 1959-01-02 | 1961-12-19 | Gen Electric | Vacuum switch |
GB1258015A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1971-12-22 | ||
DE2613567C3 (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1980-02-14 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Contact arrangement for vacuum switch |
DE2638700C3 (en) * | 1976-08-27 | 1983-11-10 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Electric vacuum switch |
DE2740944A1 (en) * | 1977-09-10 | 1979-03-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Contact system for connection of electric devices - is used for charging units and storage batteries, providing different connecting patterns for different voltages |
DE2740994C3 (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1980-09-18 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Vacuum switch |
DE2902489A1 (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-07-31 | Siemens Ag | Vacuum circuit breaker contact set - has one internally chamfered contact ring on pot-shaped contacts, reducing wear |
-
1981
- 1981-08-26 DE DE19813133799 patent/DE3133799A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1982
- 1982-07-30 DE DE8282106926T patent/DE3269382D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-30 EP EP82106926A patent/EP0073925B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-23 US US06/410,480 patent/US4453054A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-08-24 JP JP57146742A patent/JPS5842125A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0073925A1 (en) | 1983-03-16 |
DE3133799A1 (en) | 1983-03-17 |
US4453054A (en) | 1984-06-05 |
JPS5842125A (en) | 1983-03-11 |
DE3269382D1 (en) | 1986-04-03 |
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