Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
  • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
  • F23B1/165—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using roller grate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
  • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
  • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
  • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
  • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
  • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
  • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
  • F24H1/44—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
  • F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
  • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
  • F24H9/2057—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using solid fuel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

• This invention relates to a method for controlling the emitted heating effect from a furnace which is fired with solid fuel and where the fuel is fed to a zone of combustion where it is combusted with excess air.
• the invention also relates to a furnace fired with solid fuel comprising an elongated shaft of which the upper part has an opening for the refilling of fuel and serves as a buffer for the fuel, which currently, with the combustion, is fed towards the lower part of the shaft, of which the bottom serves as a grate, where the cumbustion takes place with excess air.
• such a regulation is achieved by regulating the amount of air of combustion that is fed to the zone of combustion.
• the feeding of the air of combustion is usually regulated depending on the temperature of the media which is to be heated by the combustion.
• the regulation can be effected in such a way, that when the media has reached a predecided temperature, the feeding of the air is cut down and the cumbustion decreases on account of shortage of oxygen.
• the temperature of the media has reached a minimum value
• the feeding of air is increased again.
• combustion gases are not completely combusted and are spilt through the chimney.
• the said gases are disengaged in the combustion and continue being disengaged because of the temperature in the zone of combustion. Apart from that the fuel is badly used, this means an increased pollution, as said gases contain high amounts of dangerous substances.
• the object of the present invention is to achieve such a means of controlling the emitted heating effect from a furnace that is fired with solid fuel which eliminates above said disadvantages which are connected with heating effect regulation by regulating the amount of air of combustion, at the same time as a high and even burning point and maximum combustion is achieved.
• the fuel in the zone of combustion, is made to create an approximately evenly thick, air pervious layer through which the air of combustion during the combustion is forced from one side of said layer to the other, under a sufficient pressure for optimal combustion of the fuel, but independent of the emitted heating effect and the adjustment against a decreasing heating effect value, which is carried out by means of a corresponding screening of the said other side of the layer and against an increasing valve by means of a corresponding exposure of the other side of the layer, which is equivalent to a decrease or an increase, respectively, of the volume of the zone of combustion.
• a furnace which is fired with solid fuel and working in above described way is characterized in that the size of the zone of combustion of the furnace, can be regulated with regard to required heating effect output from the furnace, and where said size is defined by a space between said bottom, the walls of two inside each other and inside the shaft concentrically arranged tubular devices having uniform cross-sections, which are arranged concentrically of which the outer device at the top is connected to above said opening for refilling and at least at the bottom of the shaft has open-worked walls, and of which the inner device which has open-worked walls, the openworked part reaching approximately the same level as the open-work of the.
• outer device is designed with a cone-shaped point directed upwards, and a tight fitting screen on the outside of the outer device said screen being arranged so that an increased or decreased, respectively, screening of the open-worked part of the outer device is achieved by means of a relative movement between this and said screen and this movement is equal to said regulation of the zone of combustion and that the furnace comprises a pipe line system, attached to the inside of the miner device, supplying the zone of combustion with air of combustion.
• the zone of combustion is a hollow case of revolution with an approximately constant wall thickness, through the walls of which the air of combustion is forced from the inner part of the hollow case towards the outer and that the emitted heating effect from the furnace which is regulated by means of a. proportionately increased or decreased, respectively, screening of the outer limit area of the hollow case.
• At least the openworked parts of the two tubular devices are water jacketed, which becomes clear from another characteristic of the invention.
• the screen or thedevice out of which one is operatively connected to a motor is arranged to accomplish the said regulation of the size of the zone of combustion and as a part of the automatic .control system, where the actual value is received from a temperature transmitter situated in the stream of hot-air emitted from the furnace and where the required value is manually adjustable, and optimal system is achieved.
• figure 1 views a longitudinal section of a furnace according to the invention, mounted in a conventional boiler.
• Figure 2 shows a cross-section A-A of the furnace in figure 1.
• 1 represents a boiler for heating of water, partly for central heating of, for example an apartment, and partly for heating of running hot water.
• the heating is achieved conventionally by means of the hot gases generated in the combustion, where said gases pass slits 3 filled with water on their way to the chimney 2, and heat the water in a tank 4 in which there is a loop 5 with running hot water. This can consequently never get hotter than 100°C.
• the boiler 1 has preferably water jacketed walls 6 and doors 7 with secondary air inlets of conventional type, which are not shown in detail on the drawing.
• the furnace according to the invention comprises an elongated tubular shaft 8, which is mounted vertically in the boiler 1. It should be mentioned here that a vertical mounting is not necessary, but the shaft can also be mounted inclined, which will be explained later.
• the shaft 8 which preferably has water jacketed walls 9, which communciates with the tank 4, has an opening 10a at the top for refilling of fuel 11.
• the refilling of fuel is preferably effected automatically for example with the aid of a worm conveyor and with a conventional system for controlling and running, which is not illustrated, in such a way that the fuel 11 has an approximate even level in the shaft 8.
• the upper part of the shaft 8 is connected with the chimney 2 by means of a duct 10b.
• the shaft 8 is terminated with a bottom 12 which also works as a grate, the construction of which will be explained and described in connection with figure 2.
• the combustion of the fuel takes place with excess air in a zone above the grate 12.
• the fuel 11 is fed to the zone of combustion 13 by the gravitation and to avoid the fuel getting stuck in the shaft, there is an agitator 15, which is run by a motor 14, centrally positioned in the shaft.
• the size of the zone of combustion 13 can be regulated depending on the required heating effect output from the furnace. This is achieved when the fuel 11 creates an approximately even and pervious layer in said zone, and when the height of the zone of combustion, measured from the grate 12, is regulated depending on the heating effect output.
• the design on the drawings has a tubular zone of combustion 13 and its inner and outer limiting surfaces are defined by two tubular devices 16, 17, which are arranged concentrically inside each other, of which the outer 16 is made up by an open worked part of the wall 9 of the shaft.
• the inner device 17, which also has openworked walls, reaches approximately, the same level as the outer device 16 and is designed with a cone-shaped point- 18 directed upwards, where the agitator 15 is mounted in bearings.
• the object of the point 18 is to facilitate an even distribution of the fuel 11 in the zone of combustion 13.
• the said regulation of the size of the zone of combustion 13, is achieved by means of a tight fitting screen 19 on the outside of the outer device 16, which is axially movable relative to the outer device and is controlled with a motor 20 by means of a rod 21.
• a decreased or increased screening of the openworked part of the outer device 16 is achieved, which is equal to an increase or decrease, respectively, of the size of the zone of combustion.
• the motor is controlled by a control device 22 in such a way that the actual value of the temperature is registered by a detector 23 placed in the stream of hot gas emitted from the furnace and this temperature is changed until it corresponds to the required temperature being manually adjusted on a temperature transmitter 24.
• the air of combustion is fed to the inner device 17 by means of a pipe 25, which communicates with a fan 26, by which a constant excess of air is achieved.
• the ashes which are generated in the combustion is taken away by means of a fan 27, which is connected to an ask pit chamber 28 under the grate 12.
• the devices 16 and 17, respectively have open-worked walls.
• the said walls are water jacketed, to withstand the heat from the zone of combustion.
• they are- constructed by vertically arranged pipes 29, 30 describing the envelope surfaces of two imagined concentric cylinders (figure 2).
• the pipes 29 in the otuer device 16 are, at their bottom ends connected to each other by means of a circular common main 31, which serves as a supply main for unheated water.
• the pipes 30 of the inner device 17 are similarly connected at their bottom ends connected to a common main 32 which is connected to a draining main for the heated water.
• the devices 16 and 17 communicate with each other by means of pipes 33 connected to the cone shaped point 18 of the inner device 17.
• a preferred embodiment of the grate 12 consists of a number of rack like pieces of iron 34 aligned closely together, so that the air of combustion, only to a small extent, can pass through the grate 12.
• Each of said pieces can be turned around on their axis and are operatively connected so that they all rotate in the same direction when one of them is turned for example by a motor 35.
• the turning is preferably carried out with half a revolution for example every 10 minutes. This way the ashes are effectively cleared away.
• furnace can be modified in many ways within the scope of the invention. As already mentioned the furnace does not need to be mounted vertically, but can be mounted inclined or even horizontally, though in such cases a forced feeding of the fuel will be needed all the way to the zone of combustion.
• Inclined mounting of the furnace is particularly advantageous when it is moutned in the door of a conventional boiler, the same way as an oil burner is mounted.
• it could, with this kind of montage, be suitable to have the shaft movable relative to a fixed screen and variate the volume of the zone of combusion through moving the shaft relativt to the screen.
• the shaft, and thereby the zone of combustion can be designed in other ways than that shown on the drawings.
• the shaft and the zone of combustion can be parallellepipedically designed, so that the fuel creates a comparatively thin layer in the zone of combustion, through which the air of combustion is forced from one side to the other and the regulation of the heating effect takes place on the other side by means of an ascending and descending plain screen.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
• Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20343033

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1981
  • 1981-01-30 SE SE8100674A patent/SE425268B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1982
  • 1982-01-29 GB GB08226951A patent/GB2109518A/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-01-29 EP EP82900401A patent/EP0070855A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-01-29 WO PCT/SE1982/000025 patent/WO1982002759A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1982-01-29 DE DE19823233700 patent/DE3233700T1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-09-27 FI FI823302A patent/FI823302A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1982-09-28 DK DK430982A patent/DK146328C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1982-09-29 NO NO82823279A patent/NO823279L/no unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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