EP0061915B1 - Brenner mit einer Luftregeleinrichtung - Google Patents

Brenner mit einer Luftregeleinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061915B1
EP0061915B1 EP82301614A EP82301614A EP0061915B1 EP 0061915 B1 EP0061915 B1 EP 0061915B1 EP 82301614 A EP82301614 A EP 82301614A EP 82301614 A EP82301614 A EP 82301614A EP 0061915 B1 EP0061915 B1 EP 0061915B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
air
pressure
intake
sensitive element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82301614A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0061915A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Bouvin
Paul Rene Pierre Paysant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Esso SA
Original Assignee
Esso SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Esso SA filed Critical Esso SA
Publication of EP0061915A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061915A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0061915B1 publication Critical patent/EP0061915B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L3/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/02—Regulating draught by direct pressure operation of single valves or dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/20—Opto-coupler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/10—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers power assisted, e.g. using electric motors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a burner unit in combination with a regulator for the air supply.
  • the air for combustion by the burner itself of the burner unit is regulated by a damper, butterfly valve, one or more gates etc, and this causes a loss of head in the air circuit.
  • the air is set in motion either by the natural draught, by a fan or more usually by a combination of the two.
  • the adjustment is fixed and is set at intervals which may range from for example one week to one year. The adjustment is made for average conditions and therefore is rarely satisfactory if the natural draught of the chimney represents a substantial part of the total motive head.
  • U.S. patent 2,283,745 discloses a regulator for controlling the setting of a damper in the air supply to a burner unit, so as to maintain a predetermined pressure difference between the upstream air pressure and the combustion chamber of the burner.
  • the pressure difference is determined by the setting of a spring which applies an elastic biasing force on a diaphragm separating two zones subjected to the upstream air pressure and the combustion chamber pressure and an electric motor is responsive to changes in the equilibrium position of the diaphragm to adjust the damper setting.
  • the burner unit is a natural draught burner, i.e. the pressure drops in stages from atmospheric pressure upstream of the damper to a lowest pressure value which is that of the boiler draught.
  • a burner having an air regulator which automatically controls the air pressure at the inlet of the burner unit at a predetermined value relative to the exhaust gas flow downstream of the burner, in particular that of the combustion chamber or at a value differing from that of the combustion chamber by a fixed amount, is disclosed and claimed in our European patent specification A-0050506 (published on the 28.4.82, and therefore failing within the Article 54 (3) EPC field).
  • the present invention concerns a modification of that invention.
  • a burner unit which comprises a burner, an intake for air for the burner, and a device connected between said intake and the burner for increasing the air inlet pressure to the burner, in combination with an air regulator for controlling the air flow to the said intake, the regulator comprising a flow regulating device (1) in the air supply to said intake and a detector having a sensitive element (3) which is subjected to the pressure of the air supply of said intake and which is subjected to the pressure of the exhaust gas flow downstream of the burner, so that a change in pressure in the downstream exhaust gas flow causes a change in the equilibrium position of the sensitive element (3), a stepper motor connected to the flow regulating device (1) whereby movement of said motor causes a change in the amount of air flowing through the flow regulating device (1), and means (7) for actuating the motor in response to a change in the equilibrium position of the sensitive element (3) so as to cause the flow regulating device (1) to adjust the air supply to said intake to oppose said pressure change whereby the pressure difference, which may be zero, between the air supply
  • the air regulator is eminently suitable for use with the burner unit described in French patent specification 2,311,994 (equivalent to U.K. patent 1554226).
  • the air regulator can be attached to any burner unit, providing it includes a device, e.g. a fan or compressor, which takes in air at for example atmospheric pressure and delivers it at a higher pressure.
  • the air regulator can act as a scavenging limiter when the burner unit is not being used, for as the pressure drops in the combustion zone and chimney of the burner so will the supply of air to the regulator from the atmosphere substantially cease.
  • the air regulator will be arranged so as to maintain the pressure values of the air supply to the burner unit intake and the downstream exhaust gas flow substantially equal.
  • the sensitive element is disposed within, and subdivides, a chamber with opposite faces of the sensitive element exposed to the air supply to the burner unit intake and the downstream exhaust gas flow.
  • the sensitive element of the detector is preferably a diaphragm, but it could, for example, be a bellows.
  • a simple diaphragm it is only necessary to ascertain whether it is deformed in one direction or another; it is not necessary to measure the deformation. Consequently the mechanical characteristics of the diaphragm are unimportant and its assembly does not necessitate great rigidity or precision machining.
  • the actuating means for the stepper motor includes respective proximity detecting means adjacent opposite faces of the sensitive element (whether in the form of a diaphragm or otherwise) and respectively responsive to predetermined displacements of the sensitive element in one direction and the other.
  • the diaphragm can for example be made of mylar (polyester film-"mylar” is a registered trade mark, at least in the U.K.) and be clamped between two spacing frames.
  • the frames are placed between two printed circuit plates (which constitute part of the actuating means) and which are perforated to let the pressure pass through.
  • the diaphragm presses against one or other of the printed circuits and activates the stepping motor as explained later.
  • diaphragm are discs of flexible metal, e.g. brass.
  • the diaphragm should be supported in a container so that one face of the diaphragm can be subjected to the pressure of the air supply to the burner unit intake and the other face can be subjected to the pressure of the exhaust gas flow downstream of the burner.
  • the separate communications between the detector and the exhaust gas flow downstream of the burner and between the detector and the air supply to the burner unit are usually by way of pipe, conduit or tubing.
  • the communication with the air or gas flow downstream of the burner is preferably made with the chimney stack of the boiler, but it can if desired be made at the combustion chamber itself.
  • Most of the burner units have, in addition to their fan or other air pressure boosting device, an adjustment means whereby for a given operation the amount of air entering the burner is fixed at a certain level.
  • the respective face of the diaphragm or relevant part of the sensitive element will communicate with the pressure of the air supply upstream of the adjustment means and the fan.
  • the means for actuating the stepping motor can take various forms.
  • the actuating means can be a pair of printed circuits, one located near one face of the diaphragm and the other located near the other face of the diaphragm so that when the diaphragm deforms it contacts either one printed circuit or the other printed circuit depending on which face of the diaphragm is pressurised.
  • optoelectronic means for instance a photodiode, so that a light signal e.g.
  • the diaphragm which is preferably a reflective metallised membrane, is deformed in one direction by a detectable amount.
  • the diaphragm is made of conductive material or is coated with a conductive film, deformation of the diaphragm in one direction causes electrical contact.
  • the stepping motor is usually controlled by a simple electronic control card comprising a simple ring-wired shift register.
  • the control clock signal can be obtained by for example half wave rectification of a 50 Hz main, the square signal being obtained by clipping.
  • the stepping motor rotates in the opposite direction and this causes a change in the amount of air entering the regulator from the atmosphere. If air has been entering the regulator freely then a reversal of the stepping motor causes the supply of air to cease, but on the contrary if air has been unable to enter the regulator then the reversal of direction of the stepping motor causes air to enter the regulator.
  • the motor advances a few steps, the regulator closes slightly, the pressure differential upon the detector is reversed, the latter deflects, the motor recedes a few steps, the regulator opens slightly, the detector reverses again, etc.
  • the motor always advances or recedes at the speed imposed by the clock signal and always receives control impulses of constant intensity.
  • This system can be stabilized by creating a neutral zone.
  • two detectors of slightly different sensitivities are used and their control signals received in an appropriate manner.
  • the stepping motor advances (or recedes), but when only one pick-up, the more sensitive, is deflected the shift of the register is stopped and this stops the motor.
  • the advantage of having two detectors of different sensitivity is that there is no change in the air supply when the pressure of the air or gas flow downstream of the burner changes over a relatively narrow pressure band, e.g. 1 Pa. Change in the air supply only occurs when the pressure of the air or gas flow downstream of the burner changes outside this relatively narrow pressure band.
  • the detectors For the system to function appropriately it is necessary for the detectors to have a definite position, e.g. left or right, at least the less sensitive of the two. This is achieved automatically when the sensitive element, e.g. diaphragm activates a microswitch because the latter has only two positions.
  • the diaphragm can be locked "on the right” or “on the left” for example, by placing two small magnets on the armatures, on each side of the diaphragm, the latter carrying a soft iron washer in its centre.
  • a metallised mylar diaphragm (“mylar” is a registered trade mark, at least in the U.K.) is used it is attracted to one or other armature by electrostatic attraction.
  • the diaphragm will be very flexible and it is the force of the spring of the microswitch or the force of magnetic or electrostatic attraction which defines the sensitivity of the system.
  • the latter case is advantageous in that the sensitivity of the diaphgram can be regulated electrically.
  • the system using magnets can be regulated by varying the distance of the magnets from the diaphragm. With a microswitch the sensitivity of the system is fixed.
  • connection between the detector and the regulating means can be adjusted so that negative pressure in the combustion chamber will tend to move the detector in a direction closing the regulating means. If the burner is operating this closure will subject the air supply to a subatmospheric pressure and with no return force the regulating means will continue to close until the air supply pressure is equal to the pressure in the combustion chamber.
  • An advantage of the embodiment described lies in the fact that there is ease of integration due to the small volume of the motor and its large torque enabling registers of widely different designs to be actuated. There is also greater tolerance to dirt due to the strong torque of the motor.
  • a damper 1 closes an air box 2 in communication with the air supply to the burner unit.
  • This damper 1 is constructed so as to slide freely so that the difference in pressure between the two faces of the damper does not lead to any forces tending to open or close the damper.
  • a diaphragm 3 is suspended in a chamber 4 between two spacing frames 5 and 6 and is free to contact alternately (according to the pressure exerted on it) perforated printed circuit plates 7 and 8.
  • the zones 12 and 11 on each side of the diaphragm 3 are connected respectively via conduits 9 and 10 to the box 2 and the combustion chamber (not shown).
  • Figure 2 shows more clearly the diaphragm 3 pressed against one of the printed circuit plates 7.
  • Movement of the damper 1 is controlled by movement of the stepping motor (not shown).
  • the motor is itself controlled by its control system which is an electronic control card comprising a simple ring-wired shift register. The direction of the shift of the register is reversed every time the diaphragm 3 contacts the opposite printed circuit 7 or 8.
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative detection system to that shown in Figure 2.
  • Supported from the printed circuit plate 71 are a light emitting diode 20 and a photodiode 21.
  • the membrane which in this case is a reflective metallised membrane is shown in two positions at 31 a and 31, and it can be seen from the light rays that the photodiode 21 only receives rays from the diode when the membrane is in the position shown at 31a.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative system where the diaphragm 31 is stabilised by being locked by the presence of a magnet 22.
  • the diaphragm 32 has a soft iron washer 23 at its centre.
  • the printed circuit 72 has contacts 40 and 41.
  • Figure 5 shows another alternative diaphragm stabilised system wherein a double-faced metallised mylar diaphragm 33 is used ("mylar” is a registered trade mark, at least in the U.K.). This is attracted to two double-faced printed circuits 73 and 74, each at a potential of +300V, the potential of the diaphragm 33 being maintained at -100V. In fact the potentials are adjustable according to the dimensions, contacts, dielectric properties, etc.
  • Figure 6 shows one form of regulating means by which the damper 1 in Figure 1 for example is controlled.
  • an air fan 50 controlled by a stepping motor 51 which in turn is controlled by a ring-wired shift register 52.
  • This register 52 receives its signal as the result of the deflections of the two diaphragms 80 and 81, one of which is more sensitive than the other. It is only when both diaphragms 80 and 81 are deflected in the same direction that the the stepping motor 51 advances (or recedes).
  • Conduit 82 enables the diaphragms 80 and 81 to be subjected to the pressure of the air or gas flow downstream of the burner (not shown) and conduit 83 enables the diaphragms 80 and 81 to be subjected to the pressure of the air supply to the burner unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Brennereinheit mit einem Brenner, einem Lufteinlaß für den Brenner und mit einer zwischen den Einlaß und den Brenner geschalteten Einrichtung zur Erhöhung des Lufteinlaßdrucks für den Brenner, in Kombination mit einem Luftregler zur Steuerung der Luftströmung zu dem Einlaß, wobei der Regler eine Strömungsregelungseinrichtung (1) in der Luftzufuhr zu dem Einlaß und einen Detektor mit einem empfindlichen Element (3) aufweist, das mit dem Druck der Luftzufuhr des Einlasses und mit dem Druck des Abgasstroms stromabwärts von dem Brenner beaufschlagt wird, so daß eine Druckveränderung in dem stromabwärtigen Abgasstrom eine Veränderung in der Gleichgewichtsstellung des empfindlichen Elementes (3) verursacht, mit einem Schrittschaltmotor, der an die Strömungsregelungseinrichtung (1) angeschlossen ist, wobei die Bewegung des Motors eine Veränderung in der durch die Strömungsregelungseinrichtung (1) fließenden Luftmenge bewirkt, und mit Mitteln (7) zur Betätigung des Motors in Abhängigkeit von einer Veränderung in der Gleichgewichtsstellung des empfindlichen Elements (3) zur Einstellung der Luftzufuhr zu dem Einlaß durch die Strömungsregelungseinrichtung (1), um Druckänderungen entgegenzuwirken, wobei die Druckdifferenz, die Null sein kann, zwischen der Luftzufuhr zu dem Einlaß und dem Abgasstrom stromabwärts von dem Brenner im wesentlichen konstant bleibt.
2. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Lufteinlaßdruck-Erhöhungseinrichtung ein Gebläse aufweist.
3. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination, und zwar gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Luftregler so angeordnet ist, um die Druckwerte der Luftzufuhr zu dem Einlaß und die stromabwärtige Abgasströmung im wesentlichen gleich zu halten.
4. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination, und zwar nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das empfindliche Element (3) eine Membran ist, die in einer Kammer (4) angeordnet ist und diese unterteilt, wobei gegenüberliegende Seiten der Membran einerseits der Luftzufuhr zu dem Einlaß und andererseits dem stromabwärtigen Abgasstrom ausgesetzt sind.
5. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination, und zwar gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betätigungsmittel jeweils Nahbereichsdetektoren (7,8) an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des empfindlichen Elementes (3) aufweisen, die auf eine vorgegebene Verlagerung des empfindlichen Elements (3) in eine Richtung oder in die andere ansprechen.
6. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination, und zwar gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nahbereichsdetektor ein Paar gedruckter Schaltungen (7, 8) aufweist, wobei einer in der Nähe einer Seite des empfindlichen Elements (3) und der andere in der Nähe der anderen Seite des empfindlichen Elements (3) angeordnet ist.
7. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination gemäß einem der vorhergehenden An= sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Betätigungsmittel eine Photodiode (20) aufweisen, so daß ein Lichtsignal nur dann erhalten wird, wenn das empfindliche Element (3) einen vorgegebenen Betrag in eine Richtung verlagert wird.
8. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination, und zwar gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Detektoren (80, 81) von unterschiedlichen Empfindlichkeiten verwendet werden, wobei lediglich dann der Schrittschaltmotor zur Bewegung veranlaßt wird, wenn sich beide Detektoren in die gleiche Richtung bewegen.
9. Brennereinheit und Luftregler in Kombination, und zwar gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der stromabwärtige Abgasdruck derjenige einer Schornsteinanordnung in Verbindung mit einem Brenner ist.
EP82301614A 1981-03-27 1982-03-26 Brenner mit einer Luftregeleinrichtung Expired EP0061915B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8106198 1981-03-27
FR8106198A FR2502747A2 (fr) 1981-03-27 1981-03-27 Bruleur a regulateur d'air

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061915A1 EP0061915A1 (de) 1982-10-06
EP0061915B1 true EP0061915B1 (de) 1985-04-10

Family

ID=9256721

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82301614A Expired EP0061915B1 (de) 1981-03-27 1982-03-26 Brenner mit einer Luftregeleinrichtung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0061915B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3262939D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2502747A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2513724A1 (en) 2003-02-14 2004-08-26 Fpi Fireplace Products International Ltd. Draft control system and method for heating systems
CN104197368B (zh) * 2014-08-13 2017-02-15 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 恒风量调节器和用于提高燃气水套炉热效率的燃烧器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2283745A (en) * 1939-10-05 1942-05-19 Albert G Purdue Regulating device for furnaces or the like
US3294146A (en) * 1965-04-15 1966-12-27 Coen Company Metered combustion air supply system
US3391866A (en) * 1966-04-29 1968-07-09 Coen Company Burner control system
NL157689B (nl) * 1971-03-04 1978-08-15 Philips Nv Heetgaszuigermotor, waarbij de brandstoftoevoer aan de branderinrichting wordt geregeld door middel van een op ten minste een parameter van de motor reagerend regelapparaat.
FR2182354A5 (de) * 1972-04-28 1973-12-07 Telemecanique Electrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3262939D1 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0061915A1 (de) 1982-10-06
FR2502747A2 (fr) 1982-10-01

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