EP0060122B1 - Procédé pour obtenir des images permanentes - Google Patents

Procédé pour obtenir des images permanentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0060122B1
EP0060122B1 EP19820301168 EP82301168A EP0060122B1 EP 0060122 B1 EP0060122 B1 EP 0060122B1 EP 19820301168 EP19820301168 EP 19820301168 EP 82301168 A EP82301168 A EP 82301168A EP 0060122 B1 EP0060122 B1 EP 0060122B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
image
substrate
powder
resistance element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820301168
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0060122A3 (en
EP0060122A2 (fr
Inventor
Thomas G. Wartman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Publication of EP0060122A2 publication Critical patent/EP0060122A2/fr
Publication of EP0060122A3 publication Critical patent/EP0060122A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0060122B1 publication Critical patent/EP0060122B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/398—Processes based on the production of stickiness patterns using powders

Definitions

  • This invention relates to image generation. More particularly it relates to techniques wherein a thermal printing means is employed to form latent images on a substrate. The image is subsequently developed with a dry imaging powder and fixed by means of pressure.
  • thermographic processes utilizing heat are known and are often referred to as thermographic processes. They generally required image-wise exposure of a heat-sensitive material to heat to either cause a chemical reaction of the heat-sensitive material thereby producing a visible image, or, alternatively, to cause the heat-sensitive material to become either tacky orfluid in exposed areas. In either event the image may then be developed with an imaging powder.
  • thermographic recording processes are set forth in United States Patents 3,196,029; 3,260,612; 3,515,570; 3,941,596 and 3,902,062 and GB-A-1,106,199.
  • Each of these patents disclose processes wherein a substrate having a layer of a heat-sensitive material is imaged by use of a master or an original document. The image may then be toned with a powder or dye.
  • an image is formed by placing an original document on the heat-sensitive layer of a substrate and exposing the original to infra-red radiation.
  • the image is made visible by contact with a powder or a dye.
  • the heat-sensitive layer comprises a first material which shows a stable super-cooling property and has a melting point of 45 to 120°C, and fine particles of a second material which does not show the supercooling property and has a melting point at least 10°C higher than the melting point of the first material. Images are formed as described above.
  • US-A-3 902 062 discloses a thermographic copying method comprising the steps of bringing a cut sheet of heat sensitive material into contact with an original bearing an image, to form a sandwich; moving the sandwich in a first direction along a predetermined path extending through a first station and a remotely spaced development station; exposing said sandwich at said first station to radiation from a radiant source to thermally impart said image to said sheet; separating said original from said sheet at a point between said first station and said development station; passing said sheet through said development station to at least partially develop said image while continuing to move said sheet in said first direction along said path; moving said sheet in the opposite direction along said path back through said development station and said first station; and re-exposing said sheet at said first station to radiation from said source to fix said image.
  • Suitable heat sensitive sheets for use therein comprise a support coated with a mixture of discrete particles of resin and discrete particles of a crystalline plasticizer, e.g. diphenyl phthalate, bound together in a supporting film by a binder
  • GB-A-1 106 199 discloses a method of thermographic reproduction by use of a powder developer comprising the steps of preparing a heat-sensitive sheet having solid fine particles of a stable supercoolable material uniformly dispersed on a support, exposing said heat-sensitive sheet and an original to heat in accordance with common heat exposure practice to produce a latent image formed from the solid fine particles of the supercoolable material kept at its supercooled state, and applying a powder developer to said latent image to effect development thereof and wherein said solid fine particles include particles of triphenyl phosphate.
  • the present invention overcomes these disadvantages of the prior art. It provides a simple, quiet, clean, cool and economical process for providing permanent images on a substrate. It also provides an instant on system. Thus no warm-up time is needed and no steady supply of heat must be provided between periods of use.
  • a method for providing a permanent image upon a substrate wherein, the image is made visible by a fixed, dry imaging powder, and wherein fixing is achieved solely by the application of pressure to the powder image.
  • a method of providing a permanent image on a substrate bearing a coating of a normally solid, non-tacky material which has a melting temperature at least 10°C above ambient and which forms a supercooled melt when cooled to a temperature below its melting temperature in which the permanent image is formed by the successive steps of:
  • the term "latent liquid image” means a fluid image that is generally not readily perceptible to the naked eye. Such images are provided by image-wise heating the coated surface of the substrate to a temperature sufficient to melt the non-tacky material.
  • the latent liquid image areas need only be macroscopically (that is visually) continuous. Thus, even though they appear to be continuous when examined by the naked eye, they need not be. They may comprise halftone dots or other forms of discontinuous liquid areas which generally make up the graphic character to be reproduced.
  • the process of the invention requires only the use of low pressures (e.g., as low as about 4 kg/lineal cm) to secure adequate fixing of the toned image areas to plain paper substrates as compared to pressures in the range of about 40 to 60 kg/lineal cm typically required by prior art pressure-fixing processes.
  • low pressures e.g., as low as about 4 kg/lineal cm
  • the lower fixing pressures required means that the tendency to calender the substrate during fixing is substantially eliminated.
  • the final copy is easy to read and has the appearance and feel of a plain-paper copy even though there is a coating or layer of particles thereon.
  • the amount of energy required to achieve suitable fixing, and the amount of heat generated during fixing are substantially reduced. This not only dramatically reduces heat build-up in the machine and the area surrounding it, but also avoids problems associated with heating and tackifying the entire sheet. Such total heating and tackifying renders the background areas of the sheet susceptible smearing. Additionally, it creates problems of image offsetting, image smearing, and fingerprinting until the coating or particles on the sheet recrystallize.
  • the process of the present invention is also quiet. Consequently, it is not a distracting influence to those working in the area of process. Additionally, the process does not require the use of sophisticated machinery, such as electrophotographic imaging equipment. Consequently it is simple and economical to employ.
  • the process of the present invention is easily carried out. It comprises the steps of providing a defined substrate, forming a latent liquid image thereon, contacting the liquid image with a dry toner powder, and then applying sufficient pressure to the toned image areas to provide a unified, essentially permanent image on the substrate.
  • the substrate used in the invention may be selected from any dry, solid material which is compatible with the coating of normally solid, non-tacky material.
  • examples of such materials include polymeric films, metal foils, and paper. Most preferably the substrate is paper.
  • the substrate preferably bears from 0.1 to 5 g/m 2 of the coating material attached to its surface.
  • the coating material may be applied to the surface of a substrate by a variety of techniques including solvent coating and dry coating.
  • the selected normally solid, non-tacky material may be dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent (e.g., acetone, or water), the solution or dispersion applied to a substrate, and the solvent allowed to evaporate.
  • the dissolved solid material is allowed to crystallize. Evaporation of the solvent may be accelerated, if desired, by heating the coated substrate. However, care should be taken to insure that the substrate does not curl or otherwise suffer adverse effects as a result of the heating. Additionally, crystallization of the dissolved solid material may be accelerated by seeding the coated substrate with undissolved solid material.
  • Thickening agents may be added to the coating solutions and dispersions, if desired, to improve their handleability or coatability. Typically only a small amount of such agents is required, e.g., 5% by weight or less of the coating solution.
  • These materials are known and include, for example, ethyl cellulose and styrene/acrylic acid/ethylacrylate terpolymer.
  • Dry coating techniques may also be utilized.
  • one may brush or rub the solid form of the non-tacky material onto the substrate.
  • the material when applied to the substrate, is either a powder or a form in which it may readily be converted to a powder.
  • This dry coating technique provides an efficient means for applying the material to the substrate.
  • materials applied by the dry coating technique do not soak into the substrate as they do with solvent coating techniques. This has a very surprising benefit since it reduces the amount of coating material applied to the substrate while providing as good an image as the amount of coating material applied by solvent coating.
  • the resultant sheet appears indistinguishable from an uncoated paper sheet and can be used immediately after coating.
  • the exact amount of the solid material applied to the substrate is not critical to the invention provided that there is sufficient material to form a latent image and not so much material that it fouls the thermal printing means, becomes too dielectric, or gives a greasy feel or appearance to the substrate. Additionally, a sufficient amount of the material must be used so that once the latent image has been formed, there will be sufficient adhesion between it and the imaging powder to overcome both the triboelectric and magnetic forces holding the imaging powder to the development roll.
  • the substrate preferably bears from about 2 to 5 g/m 2 of the coating.
  • the substrate preferably bears from 0.1 to 2 g/m 2 of the material. More preferably from about 0.3 to 1.2 g/m 2 , and most preferably from about 0.5 to 1.0 g/m 2 of the material. Surprisingly these small quantities of material are sufficient to provide latent images that can be developed and essentially permanently fixed to the substrate.
  • the particulate material is substantially adsorbed onto the substrate surface.
  • the substrate is paper
  • the material becomes attached to the surface of the paper fibers.
  • the material utilized as the solid, non-tacky, material of the coating must have a melting temperature about 10°C above ambient temperature. Ambient temperature, as used herein, refers to the temperature utilized during the process.
  • the coating must also form a supercooled melt when cooled to a temperature below its melting temperature. These materials may be said to exist, at least temporarily, as fluid metastable liquids after being melted then cooled below their melt temperatures. When the latent image has been formed, it should wet the surface of the substrate. Moreover, the image must remain fluid and in place until it is contacted with (that is, developed by) the dry imaging powder. Alternatively, it may be allowed to cool below its melting point to form a supercooled melt before the image areas are developed.
  • the supercooled liquid has not regained its solid crystalline state. Consequently, the material retains sufficient memory in the imaged areas to be developed and fixed. Once the material regains its crystalline state in the imaged areas, the latent image ceases to exist as a distinct area.
  • the imaged area must also adhere the dry imaging powder.
  • the imaged area may react with the imaging powder; it may form a solution with the powder; it may wet the toner; or it may either absorb or be adsorbed by the powder.
  • the image must hold the toner until the powder is fixed to the substrate.
  • a number of materials are useful as the coating in the invention. Representative examples of these materials include dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate, dimethyl fumurate, benzotriazole, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, tribenzylamine, benzil, vanillin and phthalophenone.
  • Another useful material of this type is "Santicizer 9", a mixture of ortho- and para-toluene sulfonamides obtained from the Monsanto Chemical Company.
  • imaging powders are useful in the present invention. They must develop the latent image and may be either pressure-fixable or heat-fusible even though only pressure is used during fixing. In either event, the imaging powders comprise flowable, dry powders which preferably are colored. The powders may contain magnetic particles if desired, and typically comprise a thermoplastic organic binder and a colorant.
  • Binders suitable for use in the imaging powder preferably have a softening temperature in the range of 45°C to 150°C and include thermoplastic organic resins and polymers, and waxes.
  • useful organic resins and polymers include polyamides, polystyrenes, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, acrylic copolymers such as styrene/n-butylmethacrylate copolymer, vinyl resins such as polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetates, vinyl copolymers such as vinyl chloride vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose ethers. These resins may be used either individually or in combination with each other in the binder.
  • useful waxes include natural and synthetic aliphatic waxes, fatty acids and their metal salts, hydroxylated fatty acids and amides, low molecular weight ethylene homopolymers, and mixtures thereof. Aromatic and polymeric wax-like materials may also be used.
  • useful waxes include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, caranauba wax, montan wax, ouricury wax, ceresin wax, candellila wax, s_qgar cane wax, stearic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, aluminum stearate, lead stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, lithium stearate, and zinc palmitate.
  • Other useful waxes include N(betahydroxyethyl)-ricinoleamide, N,N'ethylene-bis-ricinole- amide, N(2-hydroxyethyl)-12-hydroxystearamide, and N,N'-ethylene-bis-1-hydroxystearamide.
  • a colorant is incorporated into the binder of the imaging powder.
  • Suitable colorants include pigments and dyes.
  • useful pigments include carbon black, Prussian blue, magnetic iron oxide (i.e. magnetite).
  • Useful dyes include phthalocyanine dyes.
  • the imaging powder may readily be prepared by known techniques.
  • the binder may be heated until it forms a molten mass and the colorant or other desired ingredients added thereto and mixed therewith until a relatively homogeneous mass results.
  • the molten mass may then be cooled until solid and the solid material crushed.
  • the resulting irregularly shaped chunks may be used as such or, alternatively, they may be converted to spherical particles by passing them through a heated gas stream as is described in U.S. Patent 3,639,245. In either event, the powder is preferably classified to obtain the desired particle size.
  • useful imaging powders include those described in United States Patent 3,925,219; 3,965,022; 3,775,326; 3,829,314; 3,639,245; 3,377,286; 3,590,000, 3,577,345; and 3,694,359, and British Patent No. 1,210,665, each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Other useful imaging powders are Xerox 6500 magenta imaging powder and Type 690 imaging powder obtained from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company.
  • the imaging powders may be used by themselves or in conjunction with a carrier material while the latent image is being developed.
  • a latent image pattern is first formed on the coated substrate.
  • Any thermal printing means such as a hot stylus, a branding iron, a jet of hot air, a thermal print head, or a laser may be used to provide the latent image.
  • the latent image comprises a series of melted dot-like areas on the coating. These areas may be provided by any of the techniques described above, although the following description refers to the use of a thermal print head.
  • Thermal print heads are known. In the simplest sense they comprise at least one resistance element between two conductors.
  • the thermal print head may also comprise an array of resistance elements. Thus, for example, there may be a 5 by 7 element array on the print head. Additionally, the print head may be fixed or moveable with respect to the surface to be imaged.
  • the latent image pattern is formed by contacting the resistance element to the coating providing electric current to the element for a time sufficient to heat the element and raise its temperature to a level sufficient to melt the coating in the area of contact, discontinuing the electric current to the element, and relocating the element on the coating. The steps of contacting, heating and relocating are repeated until a sufficient number of melted dot-like areas have been provided to define the desired latent liquid image.
  • the steps necessary to form the latent image must be repeated frequently before an image has been defined.
  • the print head comprises an array (or matrix) of elements, the steps necessary to form the latent image formation need be repeated fewer times.
  • the print head may be positioned by mechanical means (such as keys) digital means, or the like. Subsequently, the print head receives an electrical signal that is converted to heat for an appropriate length of time and at the appropriate location on the substrate.
  • the imaging powder may be applied thereto in a variety of ways.
  • a magnetic development technique is utilized. This, of course, necessitates that the powder contain magnetically responsive material such as iron or iron oxide.
  • a rotating magnetic developer roll attracts the powder to its surface and transports it to the image area where the powder is then attached to the image area but not to the background area.
  • a carrier material such as iron filings
  • the carrier and imaging powder may then be contacted with the latent image by, for example, a magnetic brush technique.
  • the imaging powder may be applied to the latent image areas by merely brushing it over the images by means of for example, a camel hair brush.
  • the imaging powder exhibits differential adhesion to the image and non-image areas after development but prior to fixing.
  • the powder is removable from the non-image areas by vibration while it remains adhered to the image areas.
  • the powder is fixed, by means of pressure only, to provide a permanent image on the substrate.
  • the pressure required for fixing is surprisingly low.
  • pressure from about 15 to 25 kg/lineal cm can be used to give permanent images without giving objectionable paper calendaring.
  • the permanency of the images produced by the invention may be demonstrated by means of its "Crock” adhesion density (CAD) and its optical density.
  • the "Crock” adhesion density is determined from a mechanical rub test known as the Crockmeter test. In this test, a 1.6 cm diameter rod having a flat circular rubbing surface is provided. A weight of 219 g is loaded onto the rod. A white fabric (Crockmeter square from Test Fabrics, Inc.) is placed over the rubbing surface of the rod. The pad is then cycled over a solid image area in a back and forth manner so that it travels a distance of 63.5 cm.
  • the process of the present invention preferably provides a CAD no greater than about 0.6. More preferably, the CAD is no greater than about 0.5 and most preferably no greater than about 0.4. A CAD of 0.6 corresponds to that obtained from the image produced by a #2 pencil while a CAD of 0.4 corresponds to that obtained from the image produced by a #3 pencil. Both of such images are considered permanent.
  • the image density relates to the amount of toner covering the substrate in an image area. Thus, higher image density values indicate that more toner powder is fixed thereto.
  • Image density is determined on an image which has not been subjected to the Crockmeter test. A Mac Beth Quanta-Log as described above is utilized in the density determination.
  • the process of the present invention provides an image having a density of at least about 0.5. More preferably, it provides an image having a density of at least about 0.6, and most preferably an image having a density of at least about 0.7.
  • the substrate employed in the process of the invention may be chosen from a variety of materials. Preferably it is thin and flexible and may be transparent or opaque.
  • the substrate may be selected from, for example, paper, polymeric films such as polyesters, cellulose triacetate, polypropylene, etc., anodically oxidized aluminum and foils of metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.
  • a sheet of machine finished paper (37 lb. (16.8 kg), 3000 ft 2 (278.7 m 2 ) ream) was coated with a solution comprising 24% by weight dicyctohexytphthaiate (DCHP), m.p. 63°C, 5% by weight ethyl cellulose (Hercules, Incorporated N-200) and -71 % by weight acetone.
  • DCHP dicyctohexytphthaiate
  • m.p. 63°C 5% by weight ethyl cellulose
  • ethyl cellulose Hercules, Incorporated N-200
  • the coated paper was dried by allowing the acetone to evaporate for about 10 minutes into a room at normal temperature and humidity to provide a dried coating weight of 2.7 g/m 2 .
  • the dried coated substrate was aged for one week to insure that the DCHP was in a crystalline state.
  • the crystallization process may be accelerated by seeding the coated substrate with dry DCHP.
  • the dried coated paper was then cut into 2 inch (5 cm) wide strips.
  • Latent image areas were provided on one strip of the dry coated paper by passing it through an Olivetti Divisumma 33 electronic printing calculator. This calculator heated the imaged areas of the paper to about 100°C. The latent image areas were then contacted with a dry, pressure-fixable imaging powder described in United States Patent 3,925,219 and consisting essentially of
  • the image areas of the strip were then permanently fixed by passing them through the pressure fixing rolls of a Model 732 copier operating at a fixing pressure of 24.5 kg/lineal cm and being available from the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Sharp, permanently bonded black images on white paper were obtained. The images could not be removed by rubbing them with a finger.
  • Latent areas were then provided on other strips of the sheet of this Example by heating the strips to a temperature slightly over 63°C using a hot plate. The latent areas were then contacted with the pressure-fixable toner powder described above. Before fixing, the toned areas of the strips could be easily smeared by rubbing the areas with a finger. However, after fixing, the toned areas were permanently affixed.
  • a sheet of Substance 12 "Mirraform" paper manufactured by the Nekoosa Edwards Paper Company was coated with a solution comprising 24% by weight diphenyl phthalate (DPP), m.p. 75°C, 5% by weight ethyl cellulose (N-200 from Hercules, Incorporated) and 71 % by weight acetone.
  • DPP diphenyl phthalate
  • N-200 5% by weight ethyl cellulose
  • 71 % by weight acetone 71 % by weight acetone.
  • the coating was dried as described in Example 1 to provide a dried coating weight of 2.7 g/m 2.
  • the sheet was then aged for over one week to insure all the DPP was in the crystalline state.
  • the dried sheet was cut into individual strips.
  • Latent areas were provided on other strips of the sheet of this example by heating the strips to a temperature over 75°C using a hot plate. The latent areas were then contacted with the pressure-fixable imaging powder described in Example 1. The toned area of the strips could be easily smeared by rubbing the area with a finger.
  • One of the strips of the sheet of this example was imaged, toned and fixed according to the procedures described in Example 1.
  • the imaging powder employed to tone the image areas was a heat fusible thermoplastic material of the type described in United States Patent 3,639,245. Surprisingly, the powder was pressure-fixable when used in conjunction with the TPP image. Sharp, permanently bonded black images on white paper were obtained. The images could not be removed by rubbing them with a finger.
  • Latent image areas were provided on other strips of the sheet of this example by heating the strips over a hotplate to slightly over 50°C. The latent image areas were then contacted with the imaging powder employed previously in this example. The toned areas of the strips could be easily smeared by rubbing the area with a finger.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Procédé pour obtenir une image permanente sur un substrat portant un revêtement d'une matière non collante normalement solide qui a une température de fusion supérieure d'au moins 10°C à la température ambiante et qui forme une masse fondue en surfusion lorsqu'on la refroidit à une température inférieure à sa température de fusion, dans lequel l'image permanente est formée par les stades successifs de:
formation d'un motif d'image latente liquide sur ledit revêtement par contact selon une image dudit revêtement avec un dispositif d'impression thermique pendant un temps suffisant pour élever la température de ladite matière non collante au moins à sa température de fusion;
contact dudit motif d'image latente liquide avec une poudre sèche de développement qui se fixe audit motif d'image latente liquide; ledit procédé étant caractérisé par le stade d'application d'une pression suffisante à ladite poudre de développement pour la déformer et l'incorporer dans ledit motif d'image liquide latente et y former une masse essentiellement unifiée et visuellement continue.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière non collante est choisie parmi le phtalate de dicyclohexyle, le phtalate de diphényle, le phosphate de triphényle, le fumarate de diméthyle, le benzotriazole, la 2,4-dihydroxybenzophénone, la tribenzylamine, le benzile, la vanilline, la phtalophénone et un mélange d'ortho- et de para-toluènesulfonamides.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière solide est le phtalate de dicyclohexyle.
4. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière solide est le phosphate de triphényle.
5. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière solide comprend une solution solide de phtalate de dicyclohexyle et de phtalate de diphényle.
6. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'impression thermique comprend une tête d'impression thermique ayant au moins un élément résistance entre deux conducteurs et en ce que ledit motif d'image latente liquide est formé par (a) mise en contact dudit élément résistance avec ledit revêtement, (b) application d'un courant électrique audit élément résistance pendant un temps suffisant pour chauffer ledit élément résistance à une température qui fond ledit revêtement au point de contact, (c) arrêt de l'alimentation électrique dudit élément résistance, (d) remise en place dudit élément résistance sur ledit revêtement et (e) répétition des stades (a) à (d) jusqu'à ce que ledit motif d'image latente liquide soit formé.
7. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le substrat porte de 0,1 à 5 g/m2 dudit revêtement.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le substrat porte d'environ 0,1 à 2 g/M 2 dudit revêtement.
9. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement est fixé à la surface dudit substrat.
EP19820301168 1981-03-09 1982-03-08 Procédé pour obtenir des images permanentes Expired EP0060122B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24176681A 1981-03-09 1981-03-09
US241766 1981-03-09

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EP0060122A2 EP0060122A2 (fr) 1982-09-15
EP0060122A3 EP0060122A3 (en) 1983-02-09
EP0060122B1 true EP0060122B1 (fr) 1986-07-16

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JP (1) JPS57160692A (fr)
DE (1) DE3271978D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3377976D1 (en) * 1982-07-16 1988-10-20 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Improved method for providing permanent images
US5039588A (en) * 1989-10-16 1991-08-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Non-electroscopic prolonged tack toners
US5576074A (en) * 1995-08-23 1996-11-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Laser write process for making a conductive metal circuit

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3447989A (en) * 1965-12-20 1969-06-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method of thermographic reproduction
US3674538A (en) * 1965-12-20 1972-07-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Heat-sensitive sheet
US3515570A (en) * 1965-12-20 1970-06-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Heat-sensitive sheet and method of thermographic reproduction using the same
BE793554A (fr) * 1971-12-30 1973-06-29 Xerox Corp Revelateur electrostatographique
BE793248A (fr) * 1971-12-30 1973-06-22 Xerox Corp Revelateur electrostatographique
IT996873B (it) * 1973-10-23 1975-12-10 Olivetti & Co Spa Testina di scrittura per stampa senza impatto di tipo elettroter micc
US3902062A (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-08-26 Xerox Corp Reverse path imaging and transfixing copying method

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Publication number Publication date
EP0060122A3 (en) 1983-02-09
EP0060122A2 (fr) 1982-09-15
DE3271978D1 (en) 1986-08-21
JPS57160692A (en) 1982-10-04

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