EP0059991B1 - Reactor for gasifying solid fuels - Google Patents

Reactor for gasifying solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059991B1
EP0059991B1 EP82200154A EP82200154A EP0059991B1 EP 0059991 B1 EP0059991 B1 EP 0059991B1 EP 82200154 A EP82200154 A EP 82200154A EP 82200154 A EP82200154 A EP 82200154A EP 0059991 B1 EP0059991 B1 EP 0059991B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tar
fixed bed
reactor
distributor
distributor surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82200154A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0059991A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Küpfer
Paul Rudolph
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GEA Group AG
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Metallgesellschaft AG
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Publication of EP0059991A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059991A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactor for gasifying solid fuels in a fixed bed with the gasifying agents passed from below through the fixed bed, oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar 'are placed on the fixed bed through a supply line.
  • the solid fuels suitable for gasification are primarily coal or lignite, hereinafter simply referred to as "coal".
  • the gasification in the fixed bed can also be carbon-containing molded articles, e.g. Briquettes or pellets.
  • granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 70 mm is preferably added to the reactor; Moldings have corresponding sizes.
  • tar In addition to coal, a certain proportion of tar can also be fed to the fixed bed gasification in a known manner. Such tar is preferably obtained when the product gas of the gasification is cooled. The resulting dust-containing tar fraction in particular is hardly suitable for independent further use and is best fed back into the gasification reactor.
  • Such a method is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 2607745 and the corresponding US patent 4187080.
  • the tar is selectively supplied to the gasification coal from a line. A perfect mixing of tar and coal is not achieved.
  • the invention has for its object to design the reactor so that the tar introduced is mixed as homogeneously as possible with the coal to be gasified at the same time. This enables the gasification process in the reactor to be made more uniform. In contrast, an uneven loading of the tar means an uneven operation of the reactor and leads to channel formation in the fixed fuel bed.
  • the object is achieved in the reactor mentioned at the outset by arranging an inclined distributor surface with numerous through-openings for the tar and the solid fuels and by directing the mouth of the tar feed line onto the upper region of the distributor surface.
  • the tar initially flows down the distributor surface and passes through the openings of the distributor surface in many individual flows. In this way, the coal fill located under the distributor surface is evenly charged with tar.
  • the most uniform possible distribution of the tar jet emerging from the supply line with the aid of a distributor surface can be done in different ways.
  • One possibility is to design the distributor surface as a distributor cone, which improves the distribution over the reactor cross section.
  • the distributor surface or the distributor cone can furthermore have a tar trough with a toothed edge for receiving the tar to be distributed. As it exits the trough, the tar experiences a first distribution and is then further divided as it flows down the distribution surface or cone.
  • the distributor surface or the distributor cone can also be designed to be movable and in particular rotatable about a vertical axis.
  • an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically. It shows a longitudinal section through the upper area of the gasification reactor.
  • the reactor has a water-cooled double jacket 1 and 2 and a product gas outlet 3. At the upper end there is a lock 4, from which the coal to be gasified falls batchwise into the reactor by opening the valve 5.
  • the coal first falls on a turntable 6, which is attached to a vertical shaft 7. Laterally, the coal bed on the turntable is supported by a fixed cylinder 8.
  • the shaft is supported on a stationary bearing ring 11 via spokes 9 and a bearing ring 10.
  • the shaft 7 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis.
  • it has a ring gear 12 with spokes 13.
  • a pinion 14 engages in the ring gear 12, which is connected in a manner not shown to a drive located outside the reactor.
  • the tar to be gasified is fed to the reactor through the tar feed line 15.
  • an umbrella-like distributor cone 16 with a tar trough 17 is present and fastened to the shaft 7.
  • the tar pan 17 is open at the top and has a serrated edge, as can be seen in the drawing. Between these teeth, the tar directed into the trough 17 flows outwards and onto the distributor cone 16.
  • the cone 16 is provided with numerous passage openings 18. The diameter of these openings is larger than the largest coal grains to be gasified. The diameter of the openings is expediently in the range from 100 to 300 mm.
  • the shape and the size of the passage openings 18 can be very different, since the openings only have to serve the purpose of allowing coal falling on the cone 16 to pass through and also for the tar as Flow openings to serve.
  • An additional distribution effect for the tar is achieved in that the cone 16 and with it the trough 17 are rotated via the shaft 7 during operation of the reactor.
  • the coal located on the turntable 6 and the tar evenly distributed into the coal flow down through a short channel 20 in the turntable onto the fixed gasification bed 21.
  • the turntable 6 can also be dispensed with, so that the coal and the tar reach the fixed bed 21 directly from the distributor cone 16.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor zum Vergasen fester Brennstoffe im Festbett mit den von unten durch das Festbett geleiteten Vergasungsmitteln Sauerstoff, Wasserdampf und/oder Kohlendioxid, wobei die Vergasungsrückstände als feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke unter dem Festbett abgezogen und die festen Brennstoffe über eine Schleuse und Teer'durch eine Zufuhrleitung auf das Festbett gegeben werden.The invention relates to a reactor for gasifying solid fuels in a fixed bed with the gasifying agents passed from below through the fixed bed, oxygen, water vapor and / or carbon dioxide, the gasification residues being drawn off as solid ash or liquid slag under the fixed bed and the solid fuels via a lock and tar 'are placed on the fixed bed through a supply line.

Bei den für die Vergasung geeigneten festen Brennstoffen handelt es sich vor allem um Kohle oder Braunkohle, die nachfolgend vereinfacht als «Kohle» bezeichnet werden. Der Vergasung im Festbett können auch kohlehaltige Formkörper, z.B. Briketts oder Pellets, aufgegeben werden. Um eine ausreichende Durchgasung des Festbettes zu erreichen, gibt man dem Reaktor bevorzugt körnige Kohle mit Korngrössen im Bereich von 3 bis 70 mm auf; Formkörper weisen entsprechende Grössen auf.The solid fuels suitable for gasification are primarily coal or lignite, hereinafter simply referred to as "coal". The gasification in the fixed bed can also be carbon-containing molded articles, e.g. Briquettes or pellets. In order to achieve sufficient gasification of the fixed bed, granular coal with grain sizes in the range from 3 to 70 mm is preferably added to the reactor; Moldings have corresponding sizes.

Die Vergasung von Kohle im Festbett ist bekannt und z.B. in Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage (1977), Band 14, Seiten 383-386, dargestellt. Einzelheiten des Vergasungsverfahrens mit festbleibender Asche sind den US-Patentschriften 3540867 und 3854895 zu entnehmen. Die Vergasungsvariante mit Abzug flüssiger Schlacke ist in den britischen Patentschriften 1 507905, 1 508671 und 1 512677 erläutert.The gasification of coal in a fixed bed is known and e.g. in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th edition (1977), volume 14, pages 383-386. Details of the gasification process with fixed ash can be found in US Pat. Nos. 3540867 and 3854895. The gasification variant with removal of liquid slag is explained in British Patents 1 507905, 1 508671 and 1 512677.

Neben Kohle kann in bekannter Weise der Festbett-Vergasung auch ein gewisser Anteil Teer zugeführt werden. Bevorzugt fällt ein solcher Teer bei der Kühlung des Produktgases der Vergasung an. Insbesondere die dabei entstehende staubhaltige Teerfraktion ist für eine selbständige Weiterverwendung kaum geeignet und wird am besten wieder in den Vergasungsreaktor eingespeist. Ein solches Verfahren ist in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 2607745 und dem dazu korrespondierenden US-Patent 4187080 beschrieben. Beim bekannten Verfahren wird der Teer aus einer Leitung punktuell der Vergasungskohle zugeführt. Dabei wird eine einwandfreie Vermischung von Teer und Kohle nicht erreicht.In addition to coal, a certain proportion of tar can also be fed to the fixed bed gasification in a known manner. Such tar is preferably obtained when the product gas of the gasification is cooled. The resulting dust-containing tar fraction in particular is hardly suitable for independent further use and is best fed back into the gasification reactor. Such a method is described in German Offenlegungsschrift 2607745 and the corresponding US patent 4187080. In the known method, the tar is selectively supplied to the gasification coal from a line. A perfect mixing of tar and coal is not achieved.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Reaktor so auszubilden, dass der eingeleitete Teer möglichst homogen mit der gleichzeitig zu vergasenden Kohle vermischt wird. Dadurch lässt sich eine Vergleichmässigung des Vergasungsprozesses im Reaktor erreichen. Demgegenüber bedeutet eine ungleichmässige Aufgabe des Teeres einen ungleichmässigen Betrieb des Reaktors und führt zu Kanalbildung im Brennstoff-Festbett.The invention has for its object to design the reactor so that the tar introduced is mixed as homogeneously as possible with the coal to be gasified at the same time. This enables the gasification process in the reactor to be made more uniform. In contrast, an uneven loading of the tar means an uneven operation of the reactor and leads to channel formation in the fixed fuel bed.

Die Aufgabe wird beim eingangs genannten Reaktor dadurch gelöst, dass über dem Festbett eine geneigte, mit zahlreichen Durchlassöffnungen für den Teer und die festen Brennstoffe versehene Verteilerfläche angeordnet und die Mündung der Teerzufuhrleitung auf den oberen Bereich der Verteilerfläche gerichtet ist.The object is achieved in the reactor mentioned at the outset by arranging an inclined distributor surface with numerous through-openings for the tar and the solid fuels and by directing the mouth of the tar feed line onto the upper region of the distributor surface.

Dabei fliesst der Teer zunächst die Verteilerfläche herab und tritt in vielen Einzelströmen durch die Öffnungen der Verteilerfläche hindurch. Die unter der Verteilerfläche befindliche Kohteschüt tung wird auf diese Weise gleichmässig mit Teer beaufschlagt.The tar initially flows down the distributor surface and passes through the openings of the distributor surface in many individual flows. In this way, the coal fill located under the distributor surface is evenly charged with tar.

Die möglichst gleichmässige Verteilung des aus der Zufuhrleitung austretenden Teerstrahls mit Hilfe einer Verteilerfläche kann auf verschiedene Weise geschehen. Eine Möglichkeit ist, die Verteilerfläche als Verteilerkonus auszubilden, wodurch die Verteilung über den Reaktorquerschnitt verbessert wird. Die Verteilerfläche oder der Verteilerkonus können ferner zur Aufnahme des zu verteilenden Teers eine Teerwanne mit gezähntem Rand aufweisen. Durch den Austritt aus der Wanne erfährt der Teer eine erste Verteilung und wird dann weiter zerteilt, während er die Verteilerfläche oder den Verteilerkonus hinabfliesst. Die Verteilerfläche oder der Verteilerkonus können zusätzlich beweglich und insbesondere um eine vertikale Achse drehbar ausgebildet sein.The most uniform possible distribution of the tar jet emerging from the supply line with the aid of a distributor surface can be done in different ways. One possibility is to design the distributor surface as a distributor cone, which improves the distribution over the reactor cross section. The distributor surface or the distributor cone can furthermore have a tar trough with a toothed edge for receiving the tar to be distributed. As it exits the trough, the tar experiences a first distribution and is then further divided as it flows down the distribution surface or cone. The distributor surface or the distributor cone can also be designed to be movable and in particular rotatable about a vertical axis.

In der Zeichnung ist eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Sie zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch den oberen Bereich des Vergasungsreaktors.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically. It shows a longitudinal section through the upper area of the gasification reactor.

Der Reakor besitzt einen wassergekühlten Doppelmantel 1 und 2 und einen Produktgas-Austritt 3. Am oberen Ende befindet sich eine Schleuse 4, von der aus die zu vergasende Kohle durch Öffnen des Ventils 5 chargenweise in den Reaktor fällt. Die Kohle fällt zunächst auf einen Drehteller 6, der an einer vertikalen Welle 7 befestigt ist. Seitlich wid die Kohleschüttung auf dem Drehteller durch einen ortsfesten Zylinder 8 gestützt. Die Welle stützt sich über Speichen 9 und einen Lagerkranz 10 auf einem ortsfesten Lagerring 11 ab.The reactor has a water-cooled double jacket 1 and 2 and a product gas outlet 3. At the upper end there is a lock 4, from which the coal to be gasified falls batchwise into the reactor by opening the valve 5. The coal first falls on a turntable 6, which is attached to a vertical shaft 7. Laterally, the coal bed on the turntable is supported by a fixed cylinder 8. The shaft is supported on a stationary bearing ring 11 via spokes 9 and a bearing ring 10.

Die Welle 7 ist um ihre Längsachse drehbar. Zu diesem Zweck besitzt sie einen Zahnkranz 12 mit Speichen 13. In den Zahnkranz 12 greift ein Ritzel 14 ein, das in nicht dargestellter Weise mit einem ausserhalb des Reaktors befindlichen Antrieb verbunden ist.The shaft 7 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. For this purpose, it has a ring gear 12 with spokes 13. A pinion 14 engages in the ring gear 12, which is connected in a manner not shown to a drive located outside the reactor.

Der zu vergasende Teer wird dem Reaktor durch die Teerzufuhrleitung 15 aufgegeben. Zum gleichmässigen Verteilen dieses Teers auf die Kohleschüttung des Drehtellers 6 ist ein schirmartiger Verteilerkonus 16 mit einer Teerwanne 17 vorhanden und an der Welle 7 befestigt. Die Teerwanne 17 ist oben offen und besitzt einen gezähnten Rand, wie das der Zeichnung zu entnehmen ist. Zwischen diesen Zähnen fliesst der in die Wanne 17 geleitete Teer nach aussen und auf den Verteilerkonus 16 ab. Der Konus 16 ist mit zahlreichen Durchlassöffnungen 18 versehen. Der Durchmesser dieser Öffnungen ist grösser als die grössten, der Vergasung aufzugebenden Kohlekörner. Der Durchmesser der Öffnungen liegt zweckmässigerweise im Bereich von 100 bis 300 mm.The tar to be gasified is fed to the reactor through the tar feed line 15. To evenly distribute this tar onto the coal bed of the turntable 6, an umbrella-like distributor cone 16 with a tar trough 17 is present and fastened to the shaft 7. The tar pan 17 is open at the top and has a serrated edge, as can be seen in the drawing. Between these teeth, the tar directed into the trough 17 flows outwards and onto the distributor cone 16. The cone 16 is provided with numerous passage openings 18. The diameter of these openings is larger than the largest coal grains to be gasified. The diameter of the openings is expediently in the range from 100 to 300 mm.

Die Form und die Grösse der Durchlassöffnungen 18 kann sehr unterschiedlich sein, da die Öffnungen vor allem nur den Zweck erfüllen müssen, von oben auf den Konus 16 fallende Kohle durchtreten zu lassen und auch für den Teer als Durchflussöffnungen zu dienen. Ein zusätzlicher Verteilungseffekt für den Teer wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Konus 16 und mit ihm die Wanne 17 beim Betrieb des Reaktors über die Welle 7 gedreht werden. Über der Teerwanne 17, verbunden mit der Welle 7, befindet sich eine Haube 19, die verhindert, dass von oben aufgegebene Kohle in die Wanne 17 fällt. Die auf dem Drehteller 6 befindliche Kohle und der in die Kohle hinein gleichmässig verteilte Teer fliessen durch einen kurzen Kanal 20 im Drehteller nach unten auf das Vergasungs-Festbett 21 ab. Auf den Drehteller 6 kann jedoch auch verzichtet werden, so dass die Kohle und der Teer vom Verteilerkonus 16 direkt auf das Festbett 21 gelangen.The shape and the size of the passage openings 18 can be very different, since the openings only have to serve the purpose of allowing coal falling on the cone 16 to pass through and also for the tar as Flow openings to serve. An additional distribution effect for the tar is achieved in that the cone 16 and with it the trough 17 are rotated via the shaft 7 during operation of the reactor. Above the tar pan 17, connected to the shaft 7, there is a hood 19 which prevents coal which has been fed in from above falling into the pan 17. The coal located on the turntable 6 and the tar evenly distributed into the coal flow down through a short channel 20 in the turntable onto the fixed gasification bed 21. However, the turntable 6 can also be dispensed with, so that the coal and the tar reach the fixed bed 21 directly from the distributor cone 16.

Claims (5)

1. Reactor for gasifying solid fuels in a fixed bed (21) with oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide as gasifying agents passed through the fixed bed from below, wherein the gasification residues are withdrawn under the fixed bed as solid ash or liquid slag and the fixed bed is charged with solid fuels through a lock chamber (4) and with tar through a supply conduit (15), characterized in that an inclined distributor surface (16) havhg numerous passage openings (18) for the tar and the solid fuels is disposed over the fixed bed and the outlet of the tar supply conduit is directed to the upper portion of the distributor surface.
2. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributor surface constitutes a distributor cone (16).
3. Reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a tar tub (17) with a serrated rim is associated with the distributor surface (16) and serves to receive the tar which ist to be distributed.
4. Reactor according to claim 1 or either of the following claims, characterized in that the distributor surface (18) is rotatable on a vertical axis (7).
5. Reactor according to claim 4, comprising a coaldistributing disk (6), which is secured to a vertical shaft (7), which is connected to a drive, characterized in that the distributor surface (16) is connected to the shaft of the coal distributing disk.
EP82200154A 1981-03-05 1982-02-11 Reactor for gasifying solid fuels Expired EP0059991B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3108213 1981-03-05
DE19813108213 DE3108213A1 (en) 1981-03-05 1981-03-05 METHOD AND REACTOR FOR GASIFYING SOLID FUELS

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0059991A1 EP0059991A1 (en) 1982-09-15
EP0059991B1 true EP0059991B1 (en) 1984-07-11

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US (1) US4426809A (en)
EP (1) EP0059991B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3108213A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA82568B (en)

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ZA82568B (en) 1982-12-29
US4426809A (en) 1984-01-24
EP0059991A1 (en) 1982-09-15
DE3108213A1 (en) 1982-09-16

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