EP0056710A2 - Energierückgewinnung aus Abgasströmen - Google Patents

Energierückgewinnung aus Abgasströmen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056710A2
EP0056710A2 EP82300189A EP82300189A EP0056710A2 EP 0056710 A2 EP0056710 A2 EP 0056710A2 EP 82300189 A EP82300189 A EP 82300189A EP 82300189 A EP82300189 A EP 82300189A EP 0056710 A2 EP0056710 A2 EP 0056710A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
converter
generator
gas
gas stream
network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82300189A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0056710A3 (de
Inventor
Brian Robert Reeve
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ASEA Ltd
Original Assignee
ASEA Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ASEA Ltd filed Critical ASEA Ltd
Publication of EP0056710A2 publication Critical patent/EP0056710A2/de
Publication of EP0056710A3 publication Critical patent/EP0056710A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/20—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted
    • F01D17/22—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical
    • F01D17/24—Devices dealing with sensing elements or final actuators or transmitting means between them, e.g. power-assisted the operation or power assistance being predominantly non-mechanical electrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/14—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours using industrial or other waste gases

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of recovering energy from a waste gas stream issuing from a metallurgical processing vessel in the iron- or steel-making industry, and to an iron- or steel-making plant employing the method.
  • waste gas In the operation of certain iron- and steel-making processes, considerable volumes of waste gas are discharged from metallurgical processing vessels, for example blast furnaces, converters and arc furnaces. It is conventional practice to pass such waste gas streams through cleaning plants, in which solid material and corrosive fluid components are removed, and then -to mix the residual gas with gas from coke ovens or the like plant to produce a useful combustible gas.
  • cleaning plants In the operation of certain iron- and steel-making processes, considerable volumes of waste gas are discharged from metallurgical processing vessels, for example blast furnaces, converters and arc furnaces. It is conventional practice to pass such waste gas streams through cleaning plants, in which solid material and corrosive fluid components are removed, and then -to mix the residual gas with gas from coke ovens or the like plant to produce a useful combustible gas.
  • the cleaning process results in a considerable decrease in the temperature and pressure of the waste gas stream, and although some energy can be recovered from the gas cleaning plant, there is a considerable nett
  • the present invention aims to provide an improved method of recovering energy from a waste gas stream issuing from a metallurgical processing vessel, and a plant which utilises the method.
  • a method of recovering. energy from a stream of waste gas issuing from a metallurgical processing vessel at superatmospheric pressure and elevated temperature comprises the steps of supplying the gas stream to the inlet of a gas expander in which the gas stream is employed to drive a rotor having an output shaft, employing rotation of the output shaft of the gas expander to drive an alternating current generator, delivering the electrical output of the generator to the input side of a voltage and frequency converter which, within predetermined limits of the speed of rotation of the generator, delivers from its output side an electrical output to an electrical power network at a voltage and a frequency which at all times conform to the voltage and frequency of said network.
  • an iron- or steel-making plant comprises a metallurgical processing vessel from which, in operation of the plant, there issues a stream of waste gas at superatmospheric pressure and elevated temperature, means for supplying said gas stream to the inlet of a gas expander which includes a rotor drivable by the gas stream, said rotor comprising an output drive shaft, an alternating current generator arranged to be driven by said output drive shaft, and a voltage and frequency converter having its input side connected to the electrical output of the generator and its output side connected to an electrical power network, said converter being of the kind which, over a predetermined range of the speed of rotation of the generator, delivers at is output side electric power at a voltage and frequency which at all times conform to the voltage and frequency of said network.
  • energy may be recovered from the waste gas by the method of the invention at a rate of up to 15 MW (megawatts). Assuming that the furnace is in operation for 8,000 hours per annum, the energy recovered per annum thus amounts to 120,000 MWh. Since the present day cost of purchasing this amount of electrical energy is of the order of £3.5 millions, the need to replace the rotor of the gas expander once every one to two years (at a present day cost of about f-0.2 million) still leads to a vast saving of money.
  • the method and plant of the invention may be operated in conjunction with a conventional gas cleaning plant of the kind described above.
  • the waste gas stream from the metallurgical processing vessel is directable, via suitable valve means, either to the gas cleaning plant or to the gas expander.
  • the residual gas passing from the gas expander would pass to the gas cleaning plant for subsequent use in the manufacture of useful combustible gas as previously described.
  • the waste gas stream can be diverted by said valve means to the gas cleaning plant without passing through the gas expander.
  • Known gas expanders of a kind suitable for use in the method and plant in accordance with the invention have an operating speed of rotation of up to 6,500 r.p.m.
  • known generators of a kind suitable for use in the method and plant in accordance with the invention are designed to rotate at a considerably lower speed, for example about 3,000 r.p.m. If, therefore, a gas expander having an operating speed range of from 5,000 to 6,500 r.p.m. is used, a reducing gear must be provided between the output drive shaft of the gas expander and the generator.
  • a gas expander with lower operating speed range is chosen, for example 2,800 to 4,200 r.p.m., its output drive shaft may be coupled directly to the generator.
  • the mechanical and electrical inertia of the system comprising the generator, the converter and the electrical power network can ensure that the rotor of the gas expander does not exceed a safe speed.
  • the aforesaid valve means may be linked to the control system of the converter so that immediately an electrical fault is detected, said valve means is actuated to divert the waste gas stream from the gas expander to the gas cleaning plant.
  • the control system of the converter may comprise means which enables the converter to maintain connection between the generator and the power network for a short time, for example up to 4 seconds after the occurrence of an electrical fault in the system, so that at least commencement of the actuation of the valve means to divert the waste gas stream to the gas cleaning plant has commenced prior to the disconnection of the generator from the power network.
  • a short time-rated resistance load bank may be switched across the generator terminals to prevent breakawav of the gas expander/generator system.
  • Known gas expanders of a kind suitable for use in the method and plant in accordance with the present invention are not designed to be self-starting and the preferred method of starting is to set the rotor of the gas expander in rotation prior to introduction of the gas stream. It is, of course, a simple matter to provide auxiliary means for effecting this initial rotation of the rotor of the gas expander, but a particularly convenient way of doing this is to employ the alternating generator as a motor for driving the rotor.
  • the control system of the converter comprises means enabling the converter to supply power (approximately 10 per cent of the rated load) from the electrical power network to the generator at a voltage and frequency which result in the generator acting temporarily as a motor and driving the rotor of the gas expander.
  • a plurality of similar metallurgical processing vessels for example two or more blast furnaces, are operating close to one another, it may be convenient to lead the waste gas stream from each vessel to a common gas expander.
  • the drawing shows a blast furnace plant comprising a furnace vessel 1 having a conventional blower 2 supplied, via a transformer 3 and circuit breakers 4, from a 3-phase electrical power supply network 5, which may be the network supplying the entire works in which the blast furnace plant is operating.
  • waste gas from the vessel 1 can be led via a pipe 6 and a valve 7 to a conventional gas cleaning plant 8, in which the waste gas is de-pressurised, cooled and cleaned.
  • the plant 8 has an outlet pipe 10 for cleaned and cooled gas.
  • a branch pipe 12 from the pipe 6 leads via a valve 14 to the inlet of a gas expander 16.
  • the latter comprises a rotor 18 which can be driven by waste gas from the furnace vessel 1. After passing through the gas expander 16 and imparting most of its energy content to the rotor 18, the exhaust gas from the expander 16 is led via a pipe 20, including a valve 21, to the gas cleaning plant 8.
  • the rotor 18 has an output shaft 22 connected via a coupling 24 to the drive shaft 26 of a 3-phase alternating current generator 28 with a field exciter 30.
  • the electrical output of the generator 28 is supplied via a circuit breaker 29, to the input side of a frequency converter 32, the output side of which is connected, via a circuit breaker 34, to the 3-phase supply network 5.
  • a transformer 36 may be required between the converter 32 and the supply network 5, depending on the voltage of the network.
  • the converter 32 is controlled, in known' manner, by signals transmitted to it from the network 5 via a line 33, so that its output voltage and frequency at all times match the voltage and frequency of the network 5 (or of the transformer 36 when provided) independent of the speed of rotation of the generator 28 within a wide range of speed of rotation of the latter.
  • the converter 32 should be capable of providing a substantially constant output voltage at a substantially constant frequency within a range of speeds of rotation of the generator 28 matching the operational speed range of the rotor 18 which, in the case of some commercially available gas expanders, may be from 2,000 to 6,500 r.p.m.
  • valves 14 and 21 are first closed, the valve 7 is opened and the circuit breaker 34 is opened. Waste gas at high pressure and high temperature leaving the vessel 1 then flows via the pipe 6 to the gas cleaning plant 8. The clean, cooled gas leaving the plant 8 via the pipe 10 is mixed with coke oven gas introduced via a pipe 38 to form a combustible gas which is led away via a pipe 40.
  • the circuit breaker 34 is then closed and the control system of the converter 32 is adjusted so that power is supplied to the generator 28 from the network 5 for the purpose of driving the generator 28 as a motor and setting the rotor 18 of the gas expander in rotation.
  • the valve 7 is closed and simultaneously the valves 14 and 21 are opened, so that the waste gas from the vessel 1 flows via the pipes 6 and 12 to the gas expander 16.
  • the rotor 18 of the gas expander 16 produces a torque in excess of the torque provided by the synchronous drive system.
  • a signal is sent to the control system of the converter 32 to reverse the power flow of the converter, and power generation is established.
  • the electrical and mechanical inertia of the system formed by the generator 28, the converter 32, the transformer 36 and the power supply network 5 is sufficient to prevent over-speeding of the rotor 18 of the gas expander 16.
  • the control system of the converter 32 is designed to delay opening of the circuit breaker 34, in the event of a fault arising, for a short period, for example 3 seconds, and at the same time to send electrical signals via lines 42, 43 and 44 to the valves 7, 14 and 21, respectively, to initiate opening of valve 7 and closing of valves 14 and 21.
  • valve 7 is cracked open there will be a considerably reduced torque applied to the rotor 18 by the gas stream.
  • valves 14 and 21 are finally closed and the valve 7 is opened, waste gas is diverted from the gas expander 16 directly to the gas cleaning plant 8.
  • a resistive short time-rated load 46 is immediately switched across the generator output terminals by a circuit breaker 47.
  • the circuit breaker 47 is coupled with the circuit breaker 29 so that when the latter is closed, the circuit breaker 47 is simultaneously opened, and vice versa. Closing of the circuit breaker 47 and simultaneous opening of the circuit breaker 29 are initiated by a signal over a line 49 from the control system of the converter 32.
  • the control system of the converter 32 Upon operation of the circuit breakers 29 and 47 in this manner, the control system of the converter 32 initiates closing of the valves 14 and 21 and opening of the valve 7 as described above. In the event of a failure of the network 5, a signal is sent via a line 35 from the network 5 to the control system of the converter 32 to initiate operation of the circuit breakers 29 and 47 as described above.
  • blower 2 operates at variable capacity during the metallurgical process carried out in the vessel 1, it may be economically worthwhile employing a converter, similar to the converter 32, but of lower power rating, to supply the blower 2.
  • a converter is indicated by the chain lines 48.
  • the gas expander 16 was a two-stage gas expander, made by Ingersoll-Rand, capable of delivering an output of 17 MW at a speed of rotation of the shaft 22 of about 3,600 r.p.m.
  • the generator 28 was a 2-pole, turbo designed synchronous machine, type GTL 1050CP made by ASEA AB. of VITAs, Sweden and described in ASEA's pamphlet No. OK 13-104E. This generator has an output of 21250 kVA at a voltage of 15 kV ⁇ 5% and a frquency of from 47 to 60 Hz (corresponding to speeds of rotation of from 2,800 to 3,600 r.p.m.).
  • the exciter 30 was an asynchronous generator, type MDE 500C made by ASEA AB. having an output of 210 kW, the excitation of this asynchronous generator being controlled by a 3-phase a.c. thyristor converter, type YQND made by ASEA AB. and described in ASEA's pamphlet No. YT 374-001E.
  • the converter 32 consisted of a thyristor rectifier/inverter equipment comprising a d.c. thyristor rectifier connected by a d.c. link to an a.c. thyristor inverter, the rectifier and inverter each being a six- pulse bridge unit of the type YRTC 16-1450-3 made by ASEA AB.
  • This converter had an output power of 17 MW, an input voltage of 15 kV ; and an output voltage to match the voltage of the power network 5 (or the transformer 36 when provided) at a frequency which automatically followed the network frequency. Using this equipment it is estimated that up to 72 per cent of the heat and pressure energy of the waste gas stream can be usefully recovered as electrical energy delivered to the network 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
EP82300189A 1981-01-15 1982-01-14 Energierückgewinnung aus Abgasströmen Withdrawn EP0056710A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8101191 1981-01-15
GB8101191 1981-01-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0056710A2 true EP0056710A2 (de) 1982-07-28
EP0056710A3 EP0056710A3 (de) 1984-03-28

Family

ID=10518992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82300189A Withdrawn EP0056710A3 (de) 1981-01-15 1982-01-14 Energierückgewinnung aus Abgasströmen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0056710A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS57151026A (de)
BR (1) BR8200062A (de)
ES (1) ES508728A0 (de)
PT (1) PT74279B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0130800A2 (de) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-09 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heizsystem von Hochofen mit elektrischer Beheizung
EP0139310A1 (de) * 1983-08-25 1985-05-02 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von flüssigem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Eisen aus Eisenschwamm
EP0378085A2 (de) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-18 STN Systemtechnik Nord GmbH Abgasturbinen-Generatoranlage

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1166196A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-10-08 Licentia Gmbh Improved System for Producing Alternating Current
FR1589454A (de) * 1968-07-17 1970-03-31
US3998058A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-12-21 Fast Load Control Inc. Method of effecting fast turbine valving for improvement of power system stability
GB1555917A (en) * 1976-12-20 1979-11-14 Nippon Steel Corp Recovery of energy from blast furnace exhaust gas
GB2049820A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-12-31 Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co Utilising blast furnace gas

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1166196A (en) * 1966-06-23 1969-10-08 Licentia Gmbh Improved System for Producing Alternating Current
FR1589454A (de) * 1968-07-17 1970-03-31
US3998058A (en) * 1974-09-16 1976-12-21 Fast Load Control Inc. Method of effecting fast turbine valving for improvement of power system stability
GB1555917A (en) * 1976-12-20 1979-11-14 Nippon Steel Corp Recovery of energy from blast furnace exhaust gas
GB2049820A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-12-31 Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co Utilising blast furnace gas

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0130800A2 (de) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-09 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heizsystem von Hochofen mit elektrischer Beheizung
EP0130800A3 (de) * 1983-06-29 1985-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heizsystem von Hochofen mit elektrischer Beheizung
EP0139310A1 (de) * 1983-08-25 1985-05-02 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von flüssigem, kohlenstoffhaltigem Eisen aus Eisenschwamm
TR22714A (tr) * 1983-08-25 1988-04-28 Metallgesellschaft Ag Goezenekli demirden,karbon ihtiva eden sivi demir husule getirmeye mahsus usul
EP0378085A2 (de) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-18 STN Systemtechnik Nord GmbH Abgasturbinen-Generatoranlage
EP0378085A3 (de) * 1989-01-11 1991-11-21 STN Systemtechnik Nord GmbH Abgasturbinen-Generatoranlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT74279A (en) 1982-02-01
EP0056710A3 (de) 1984-03-28
BR8200062A (pt) 1982-10-26
JPS57151026A (en) 1982-09-18
ES8401778A1 (es) 1983-05-01
PT74279B (en) 1983-08-23
ES508728A0 (es) 1983-05-01

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Inventor name: REEVE, BRIAN ROBERT