EP0051657A1 - Method for surface grinding. - Google Patents
Method for surface grinding.Info
- Publication number
- EP0051657A1 EP0051657A1 EP81901379A EP81901379A EP0051657A1 EP 0051657 A1 EP0051657 A1 EP 0051657A1 EP 81901379 A EP81901379 A EP 81901379A EP 81901379 A EP81901379 A EP 81901379A EP 0051657 A1 EP0051657 A1 EP 0051657A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- belt
- workpiece
- working edge
- work
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C11/00—Auxiliary processes in photography
- G03C11/12—Stripping or transferring intact photographic layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/04—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces
- B24B21/12—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving a contact wheel or roller pressing the belt against the work
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/08—Fastening or securing by means not forming part of the material of the label itself
- G09F3/10—Fastening or securing by means not forming part of the material of the label itself by an adhesive layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/0208—Indicia
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/0208—Indicia
- G09F2003/021—Indicia behind the front foil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/0225—Carrier web
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/0225—Carrier web
- G09F2003/0226—Carrier sheet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/0225—Carrier web
- G09F2003/0229—Carrier roll
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/023—Adhesive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F2003/023—Adhesive
- G09F2003/0241—Repositionable or pressure sensitive adhesive
Definitions
- the present invention resides in an improved system and apparatus for surface grinding by the use of abrasive belts, by which all parts of the belt are brought equally into contact with the object to be ground, so that the workpiece itself continuously "dresses" the belt, and
- FIGURES 1 and 2 diagrammatically show characteristics of prior art procedures
- FIGURE 3 is a front elevation of a first surface grinder embodying the invention
- FIGURE 4 is a plan view of the grinder of FIGURE 3 to a larger scale
- FIGURE 5 is a side elevation of the grinder * to a still larger scale, parts being broken away for clarity of illustration;
- FIGURE 6 is a diagram showing motions available in the grinder of FIGURE 3;
- FIGURE 7 is a schematic showing in side eleva- tion of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURE 8 is a fragmentary plan view of the grinder of FIGURE 7;
- FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary view in front eleva ⁇ tion of the grinder of FIGURE 7;
- FIGURE 10 is a diagram showing a control ar ⁇ rangement for the grinder of FIGURES 7-9;
- FIGURE 11 is a schematic showing in front eleva ⁇ tion of a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIGURE 12 is a similar view of the structure of FIGURE 11 in side elevation.
- FIGURES 1 and 2 are presented to illustrate the problem my invention is intended to solve.
- reference numeral 11 identifies a hollow metallic work- piece having an upper surface to be ground. If this workpiece ' is moved past an abrasive belt in the direction of arrow 12, normal to the working edge of the belt, diagram 13 shows the relative lengths of time during which transverse elements A, B G of the belt engage the workpiece. It is obvious that elements A and G do over three times as much work as the other elements, and there- fore wear down much faster. After a number of workpieces have passed the belt, the finished surfaces will no longer be flat, edges 14 being higher than the rest' because the abrasive belt worn is lower in those regions.
- diagram 16 shows that most of the transverse elements of the belt engage the workpiece for the same intervals, but that the two outermost elements do not do so. In this arrangement grinding will result in high corners 17 after belt wear has begun to take place.
- the workpiece 11 is rotated with respect to the working edge of the belt, as shown by the arrow 18, and is fed axially to the belt.
- the different transverse belt portions are subject to different degrees of wear, as suggested by diagram 19, and the finish on workpieces after an interval will have high circular ridges where belt elements C and N have been worn down.
- the present invention minimizes these effects.
- a surface grinder 20 comprises a bed 21, a cutting head 22, and a work holder 23.
- Bed 21 includes a base 24 and a pedestal 25 secured thereto or integral therewith so that a flat upper plate 26 of the pedestal is horizontal.
- OMPI Base 24 extends horizontally beyond pedestal 25 to support work holder 23 for vertical adjustment on a set of four screw jacks, three of which are shown at 27, 30 and 31, arranged for simultaneous operation by means including a handwheel 32, a mechanical interconnection 33, and driving rods 34, 35, 36, to raise and lower an elongated horizon ⁇ tal carrier 37 for a worktable 40.
- Table 40 includes a cross slide 41 arranged for linear transverse adjusting movement in dovetail ways 42 by a hand wheel 43.
- Table 40 is mounted for movement longitudinally on carrier 37 by a carriage 44.
- Carrier 37 is formed as a trough to receive lubricoolant, when such is used, and deliver it for recir- culation through a connection 45.
- the carrier includes a pair of horizontal ways 46, 47 on which carriage 44 is mounted for sliding motion past pedestal 25 by operation of a linear hydraulic motor 50 having a cylinder 51 secured to .carrier 37 at 52, and a piston 53 secured to carriage 44.
- motor 50 may be actuated to move carriage 44 hori ⁇ zontally along ways 46, 47 past pedestal 25 in either direction.
- Table 40 includes a rotator 54 having a base 55, fixed to the top thereof as by a magnetic clutch in cross slide 41, and a working surface 56 to receive jigs for holding workpieces to be ground.
- Suitable hydraulic or electric motor means 57 is provided for causing rotation of working surface 56 with respect to base 55 about a vertical axis, under the control of conventional circuitry not shown.
- Cutting head 22 comprises an angle plate 60 having a flat horizontal member 61 formed with a plurality of concentric arcuate slots 62 for securement to plate 26 of pedestal 25 by fasteners 63, the arrangment being such as to permit pivotal adjustment of the angle plate on the pedestal.
- a vertical member 64 is reinforced in angle plate 60 by gussets 65, 66 and 67, and supports a housing 70 containing an abrasive belt structure including an endless abrasive belt 71 driven around a lower contact drum 72 by conventional drive, centering, and tensioning means, not shown, so that the belt and drum project at the bottom of a housing 73 to present a cylindrical abrasive surface moving with a component of rotation about the axis of drum 72.
- That axis is horizontal, and is skewed with respect to the direction of linear movement of the table, the angle of skew being adjustable at slots 62 and fas ⁇ teners 63.
- the belt may be said to have a "working edge", which is a straight line parallel to the axis of drum 72 where the travel of the belt is at its lowest.
- splash guards can be provided as suggested at 73, 74, 75, 76 to extend the full length of bed 21.
- FIGURE 6 in which adjustments available in setting up the apparatus are shown by broken lines, and motions occuring in operation of the grinder are shown by solid lines.
- Arrow 80 shows the pivotal adjustment available to head 22 by reason of slots 62.
- Arrow 81 shows the transverse movement made available for table 40 by hand wheel 43.
- Arrow 82 shows the vertical adjustment available to carrier 37 by hand • wheel 32.
- Arrow 83 shows the movement of belt 70.
- Arrows 84, 84 show the linear movement of table 40 along ways 46, 47.
- Arrow 85 shows the rotary movement available to table 40 by operation of motor 57.
- a jig or holder (not shown) appropriate to the configuration of pieces to be ground in mass production is secured to surface 56 magnetically or by suitable clamps. Such pieces are typically the product of a previous machining or grinding step, and are interchangeably insertable in a suitable jig so that a surface to be ground flat is upward and horizontal, and so that only a few thousands of an inch need to be removed from that surface.
- the machine is shown in FIGURE 3 with table 40 at a first "loading" station, where a workpiece is manually loaded into the jig. Hand wheel 43 is rotated to center the jig on the longitudinal path of the carriage.
- a belt of suitable width and grit is inserted, centered, and tensioned in head 22, and the latter is pivotally adjusted at slots 62 to give the desired angle of skew between the axis of drum 72 and the direction of linear carriage movement.
- Hand wheel 32 is rotated to set the depth of cut for the belt as desired, the belt drive is initiated, and motors 57 and 50 are set in operation.
- Carriage 44 is now being driven to the left as seen in FIGURE 3, moving quite slowly, and motor 57 is causing rotation of the workpiece about a vertical axis at a considerably higher peripheral speed.
- any given point on the surface of the workpiece engages many different sites transversely of the belt in a complex pattern such that no belt site is cutting material for a longer inter ⁇ val than any other.
- the table reaches the end of its stroke it ⁇ has reached a second "loading" station, where the finished piece can be unloaded and another added for movement past the belt in the opposite direction.
- This arrang ent is one in which the work itself "dresses" the abrasive sur ⁇ face, keeping it everywhere the same thickness, so that the workpiece is given a truly flat finish in which the scratch pattern is well confused and no extended scratches exist at the surface for later trouble with minor leaks past a sealing surface.
- a grinder as shown in FIGURES 3-5 has many pre ⁇ cision components and is costly to build and maintain. ' For many purposes the advantages of my invention can be obtained in a simplified embodiment shown, somewhat sche ⁇ matically, in FIGURES 7, 8, 9, and 10.
- a workpiece 11 which may, for example, be that shown in FIGURE 1, is mounted in any conventional fashion upon a table 100 capable of rotating about a vertical axis as suggested by the arrow 101 and rotated at either of two speeds by a rotary hydraulic motor 102 through a belt 103.
- Table 100 is mounted on a carriage 104 having vertical motion as in ⁇ dicated by the arrows 105, which may conveniently include a hydraulic feed for rapid action and a mechanical feed for fine action, suggested at 106 and 107.
- a cutting head 110 is positioned above table 100, and includes an abrasive belt 111 driven by suitable motor means not shown over upper and lower horizontal cylindrical drums 112 and 113.
- the belt is considerably narrower than the drums, and at least the lower drum is of steel or other hard durometer material.
- - QRE length determined by the maximum belt width may be mounted as suggested in FIGURE 9, to collect the swarf resulting from the grinding process, and may include a water curtain arrangement 115.
- Conventional driving and tensioning means are provided, as is a centering arrangement modified as will now be described.
- FIGURE 8 shows that upper drum 112 is mounted for slight pivotal movement about a vertical axis by operation of actuators 116 and 117 which pivot the drum in opposite directions, as suggested by -the arrows 120 and 121: the extent of the motion is somewhat exaggerated in the figure.
- a first sensor 122 comprising a photocell 123 and a lamp 124 causes operation of actuator 116, when the edge of the abrasive belt reaches a limit of motion to the left, to pivot drum 112 in the direction of arrow 121
- a second sensor 125 comprising a photocell 126 and lamp 127 causes operation of actuator 117, when the edge of the abrasive belt reaches the limit of motion to the right, to pivot drum 112 in the direction of arrow 120.
- the operation of the grinder is as follows.
- the width of belt 111 is selected to be not much greater than the greatest transverse dimension of workpiece 11 taken through the axis of rotation, and sensors 130 and 131 are spaced accordingly.
- a workpiece 11 is mounted on table 100, which is then set in slow rotation.
- Belt 111 is placed in operation under the centering control of sensors 130 and 131, and therefore remains at substantially the same axial position along drum 113.
- Carriage 104 is raised until the workpiece almost engages the belt, and is then set into slow upward motion so that the belt makes a "plunge" cut directly into the top of the workpiece as the latter rotates.
- FIGURES 11 and 12 a third preferred embodiment of the invention is shown to comprise a cutting head 200 mounted over a workholder 201.
- Cutting head 200 is preferably like head 110 of FIGURES 7-9, and includes upper and lower drums 202 and 203 traversed by an abrasive belt 204. Conventional mounting, drive, and belt centering means not shown are included.
- a workpiece is mounted in any conventional fash ⁇ ion on a table 205, which is mounted on a carriage 206 and is capable of rotation about a vertical axis by a hydraul- ic motor 207 through a belt 210.
- Carriage 206 and motor 207 are mounted on the outer slide 211 of a nest 212 of such slides, to enable horizontal linear movement of carriage 206 in a direction parallel to the axis of drum 203 and hence to the working edge of belt 204.
- the inmost slide 213 of nest 212 is carried by a suitable support 214, and hydraulic means suggested at 215 cause movement of carriage 206 as indicated by the arrow 216, when such is desired.
- support 214 may be provided with rapid and fine vertical motions, suggested by the arrow 217.
- table 205 may be withdrawn from under cutting head 200 for mounting work- pieces without interference, after which the workpiece can be moved under the cutter head by hydraulic motor 215. Thereafter the workpiece is raised and rough-cut as described above, while belt 204 remains centered. Verti ⁇ cal feed is then arrested.
- a special feature of the third embodiment lies in the fact that the workpiece can be withdrawn laterally from the belt while both are still in operation, this withdrawal being aligned with the working edge of the belt. It has been found that this final step increases both the flatness of the finished workpiece and the per- fection of the dressing of the belt.
- the procedure comprises the steps of rotating the workpiece about an axis and simultaneously bringing about linear relative motion between the work- piece and the belt having at least a component aligned with the working edge of the belt.
- the belt is narrower than the axial dimension of the drums, and the linear motion is accomplished by causing oscillation of the belt axially on the drum.
Abstract
Appareil et procede de surfacage dans lequel, selon un premier mode de realisation, une piece a usiner est disposee sur une surface (56), est mise en rotation autour d'un axe vertical tout en etant animee d'un mouvement de translation suivant les chemins (46, 47) au devant d'une tete de coupe (22) comprenant une courroie abrasive (71) entrainee autour d'un tambour (72) pour presenter un bord de travail (17) oblique par rapport a la direction des chemins. Dans d'autres modes de realisation, la piece a usiner (100) est amenee axialement dans la courroie (106), qui peut osciller transversalement par rapport a la direction de l'avance, et la piece a usiner peut etre deplacee dans le sens du bord de travail, se degageant de la courroie lorsque cette courroie et la piece a usiner sont en mouvement.Apparatus and method for surfacing in which, according to a first embodiment, a workpiece is arranged on a surface (56), is rotated about a vertical axis while being driven in a translational movement according to the paths (46, 47) in front of a cutting head (22) comprising an abrasive belt (71) driven around a drum (72) to present a working edge (17) oblique to the direction of the paths . In other embodiments, the workpiece (100) is brought axially into the belt (106), which can oscillate transversely to the direction of advance, and the workpiece can be moved in the direction from the working edge, disengaging from the belt when this belt and the workpiece are in motion.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81901379T ATE40963T1 (en) | 1980-05-15 | 1980-12-23 | PROCESS FOR SURFACE GRINDING. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14990580A | 1980-05-15 | 1980-05-15 | |
US149905 | 1980-05-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0051657A1 true EP0051657A1 (en) | 1982-05-19 |
EP0051657A4 EP0051657A4 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
EP0051657B1 EP0051657B1 (en) | 1989-03-01 |
Family
ID=22532302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81901379A Expired EP0051657B1 (en) | 1980-05-15 | 1980-12-23 | Method for surface grinding |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0051657B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JPS57500598A (en) |
AU (1) | AU545860B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1158441A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3072143D1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI70162C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1981003301A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1962523A1 (en) * | 1969-01-17 | 1970-08-06 | Murray Way Corp | Monitoring device for a grinding belt |
GB1272045A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1972-04-26 | Timesavers Sanders | Method for effecting sanding |
US3668814A (en) * | 1970-03-30 | 1972-06-13 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Surface grinding device |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US915714A (en) * | 1905-10-12 | 1909-03-16 | L Oxyhydrique Internationale Sa | Pressure-burner. |
US1075227A (en) * | 1910-06-30 | 1913-10-07 | Durham Duplex Razor Company | Machine for truing honing-wheels. |
US1262540A (en) * | 1917-10-01 | 1918-04-09 | Julius Miller | Grinding-machine. |
US1926779A (en) * | 1928-02-06 | 1933-09-12 | Pratt & Whitney Co | Rotary table grinding machine |
US2996848A (en) * | 1957-03-14 | 1961-08-22 | Earl A Thompson | Grinding method and apparatus therefor |
US3154896A (en) * | 1962-07-30 | 1964-11-03 | Norton Co | Abrading honeycomb metal |
US3665650A (en) * | 1969-10-22 | 1972-05-30 | Murray Way Corp | Abrasive belt control apparatus and method |
US3816998A (en) * | 1970-05-18 | 1974-06-18 | Timesavers Inc | Method of and apparatus for rapidly abrading metal workpieces |
US3888050A (en) * | 1974-02-19 | 1975-06-10 | Timesavers Inc | Method of and apparatus for rapidly and simultaneously abrading metal workpieces in preselected plural numbers |
US3971166A (en) * | 1975-06-09 | 1976-07-27 | Timesavers, Inc. | Belt position sensor for wide belt sanding machine |
US4021970A (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1977-05-10 | Acme Mfg. Company | Wide abrasive belt tension and oscillation assembly |
-
1980
- 1980-12-23 JP JP81501739A patent/JPS57500598A/ja active Pending
- 1980-12-23 EP EP81901379A patent/EP0051657B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 AU AU71789/81A patent/AU545860B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-12-23 WO PCT/US1980/001711 patent/WO1981003301A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1980-12-23 JP JP56501739A patent/JPS6052907B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-23 DE DE8181901379T patent/DE3072143D1/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-02-23 CA CA000371467A patent/CA1158441A/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-01-13 FI FI820109A patent/FI70162C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1962523A1 (en) * | 1969-01-17 | 1970-08-06 | Murray Way Corp | Monitoring device for a grinding belt |
US3668814A (en) * | 1970-03-30 | 1972-06-13 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Surface grinding device |
GB1272045A (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1972-04-26 | Timesavers Sanders | Method for effecting sanding |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO8103301A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI70162B (en) | 1986-02-28 |
JPS6052907B2 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
FI70162C (en) | 1986-09-15 |
EP0051657B1 (en) | 1989-03-01 |
JPS56500729A (en) | 1981-05-28 |
JPS57500598A (en) | 1982-04-08 |
DE3072143D1 (en) | 1989-04-06 |
AU7178981A (en) | 1981-12-07 |
AU545860B2 (en) | 1985-08-01 |
EP0051657A4 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
FI820109L (en) | 1982-01-13 |
WO1981003301A1 (en) | 1981-11-26 |
CA1158441A (en) | 1983-12-13 |
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