EP0051091B1 - Arrangement de colonnes montantes pour systèmes de production - Google Patents

Arrangement de colonnes montantes pour systèmes de production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051091B1
EP0051091B1 EP80303869A EP80303869A EP0051091B1 EP 0051091 B1 EP0051091 B1 EP 0051091B1 EP 80303869 A EP80303869 A EP 80303869A EP 80303869 A EP80303869 A EP 80303869A EP 0051091 B1 EP0051091 B1 EP 0051091B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transition joint
top surface
joint
diameter
riser pipe
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EP80303869A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0051091A1 (fr
Inventor
John M. Bohannon
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ConocoPhillips Co
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Conoco Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/017—Bend restrictors for limiting stress on risers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to riser pipe assemblies of the type comprising a fixed-bottom lower transition joint for a suspended pipe riser in an oil and gas production system.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,605,413, issued to Morgan discloses a riser having a rigidity varying lower portion which interconnects with an upper portion.
  • the lower or base portion is disclosed to be made of steel and to have a non-uniform rigidity or section modulus wherein the maximum is at the foot of the base portion which connects to the seafloor structure, and wherein the minimum is at the top of the base portion which attaches to the upper portion.
  • the base structure comprises a plurality of segments with each segment having a different outer diameter and wall thickness relative to every other segment. Although each segment has a different outer diameter, each has the same inner diameter. Each of these sections is interconnected so that the lowermost section has the largest diameter and each successively higher portion has a successively smaller outer diameter. Also, at the point of interconnection of each section there is a taper which compensates for the different outer diameters of the connected segments. It is disclosed in the patent that such tapering could extend along an entire segment.
  • the base portion comprises rigidity transition structures which prevent abrupt changes in the radius of curvature and act as stress transfer members between the upper portion of the riser and the upper sections of the base portion of the riser.
  • the Morgan patent does indicate a transition joint comprising elements having different outer diameters, it fails to indicate a joint which has an outer surface which is continuously tapered from the top to the foot of the joint. Furthermore, the Morgan patent fails to disclose an optimally designed transition joint which has a nearly constant resultant stress along the length of its structure.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,794,849 issued to Perry et al., discloses a neutral buoyancy conductor connecting a floating power plant to stationary conductors which then connect the power plant to the shore.
  • the neutral buoyancy conductor is indicated to have constant inner and outer diameters and to bend as a catenary to distribute stress resulting from various loads.
  • the Perry et al. patent also discloses in its drawings vertical structures having continuously varying thicknesses from top to bottom. The specification indicates that these are poured concrete seawalls erected to form channels, but does not further define them.
  • the Perry et al. patent fails to show a transition joint which has a continuously varying outer diameter from top to bottom which is optimally shaped to have nearly constant resultant stress along the length of the joint.
  • U.S. Patent No. 1,706,246 issued to Miller discloses in its drawings vertical structures having a continuously varying or tapered outer surface. These vertical structures are walls which have linearly varying thicknesses from top to bottom. However, this patent fails to disclose optimum design criteria or any advantages for having the walls so tapered. Furthermore, this patent fails to disclose a transition joint having such a tapered contour.
  • a riser pipe assembly comprising a riser pipe string connectable at its upper end with a sea surface structure and being joined at its lower end to a transition joint, the transition joint being secured to and projecting upwardly from a supporting structure on the seal floor and having a central bore extending therethrough.
  • the present invention is characterised in that said transition joint has an annular top surface connected to said riser, an annular bottom surface connected to said supporting structure, and an outer surface joining said top and bottom surfaces which has a continuous curvilinear taper from the bottom surface to the top surface, the transition joint being solid between the central bore and outer surface thereof, and said curvilinear taper being such that for a given axial load, shear load and bending load at said top surface, the resultant stress of said transition joint is substantially constant along the length thereof between the top and bottom surfaces.
  • the top surface predetermined diameter is predetermined according to both the outer diameter of the structure to which the top of the transition joint will be connected and the materials of which the joint and connecting structures are made.
  • the degree of taper at any point along the outer surface between the top and bottom surfaces is defined by a diameter across the structural member at that point, which diameter is defined by the following equation:
  • the transition joint has a substantially constant maximum resultant stress along the entire length of the joint. This provides an optimum transition joint in terms of economy of materials and ease of manufacture while retaining the desired strength against the stresses placed upon the transition joint which result from the bending moments created by loads imparted to the structure from ocean currents, waves and platform motions.
  • Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a transition joint 2 according to the present invention positioned in its preferred use environment as a lower transition joint for a pipe riser with a fixed bottom.
  • the preferred embodiment of the transition joint 2 comprises high strength steel and has a length of approximately fifty feet. This length is considered to be preferred because it provides ease of fabrication and yet is long enough to retain the advantages of a theoretically optimum transition joint which would extend the entire distance between the ultimate points to be joined.
  • the transition joint 2 connects to a portion of a seafloor anchor base structure 4 which is positioned on a seafloor 6.
  • the structure 4 includes, in part, a wellhead body and wellhead connector.
  • the wellhead connector, to which the transition joint 2 connects at a base portion 8 may be either a hydraulically actuated connector or a threaded connector. It is at the base portion 8 that the bending moments resulting from loads on the transition joint 2 are the greatest, and thus this portion must be sufficiently large to withstand such stresses.
  • the size and strength of the wellhead connector and the other components comprising the structure 4 are sufficiently larger than the base 8 of transition joint 2, so that base 8 may be considered to be fixed.
  • a top portion 10 At the end of the transition joint 2 opposite the base portion 8 is a top portion 10. At the top portion 10 the loads are not as large as those at the base 8, so the top portion 10 need not be as large as the base portion 8. Also at the top portion 10 the transition joint 2 connects with a pipe string 12 which in the Fig. 1 schematic representation is preferably a 9 5/8" tie-back string or riser. Pipe string 12 and transition joint 2 comprise a riser pipe assembly.
  • the string 12 extends from the transition joint 2 upward to a surface platform 14.
  • Platform 14 is a floating tension leg type platform.
  • the string 12 connects with the platform 14-at a connection 16 which, in a preferred embodiment, is a tensioning jack.
  • transport string 18 Located with in the previously described subsurface structures is a transport string 18 which provides a means of access between the platform 14 and the region below the seafloor 6.
  • the transport string 18 is a production riser which communicates the substances to be obtained from the subseafloor regions to the platform 14.
  • a member 20 which is disposed on the platform 14 and which is associated with the transport string 18 for controlling the dispersement of materials to and from the transport string 18 at the surface platform 14.
  • the member 20 is preferably a completion tree.
  • the transition joint 2 includes a structural member 30 which is defined by a first top planar surface 32, a second bottom planar surface 34, a third outer surface 36 and a fourth inner surface 38. Transition joint 2 is solid in the space defined between first, second, third and fourth surfaces 32, 34, 36 and 38.
  • the outer planar surface 32 is annular and has an outer contour which is defined by a predetermined diameter. This predetermined diameter is selected according to the diameter and composition of the string 12 with which the transition joint connects.
  • Parallel to the top surface 32 is the bottom planar surface 34 which is also annular and has an outer contour which is defined by a diameter which is larger than the diameter defining the outer contour of the top surface 32.
  • Top and bottom surfaces 32 and 34 are in spaced relation.
  • the outer surface 36 extends between, joins to and circumscribes the outer contours of the top surface 32 and the bottom surface 34.
  • the contour of the surface 36 has a curvilinear taper from the bottom surface 34 to the top surface 32.
  • the inner surface 38 likewise extends between the top surface 32 and the bottom surface 34, but extends perpendicular thereto to thereby define a longitudinal bore through the structural member 30.
  • Fig. 5 schematically represents the transition joint 2 under a load resulting from, for example, the ocean currents, waves or platform motions. These loads impart bending moments and other stresses to the joint 2 such as indicated in Fig. 5 by an axial tension load T, a shear load S and a moment M. A result of these stresses is a resultant stress which results both from the bending stress on the outer fibers along the length of the convex outer surface of the joint and from the tensile stress on the joint.
  • the contour of the outer surface 36 is to be shaped in accordance with the present invention so that this resultant stress is nearly constant along the entire length of the joint. This is accomplished by tapering the outer surface 36 according to the following equation:
  • the joint 2 was made of the same material as the string 12.
  • the optimum transition joint of the present invention will be obtained.
  • Such as optimum joint has the requisite strength at its large base for withstanding applied loads, yet is optimally tapered to maintain a nearly constant resultant stress along the entire length of the joint thereby retaining the required strength throughout the structure but providing optimum economy of material and ease of manufacture. Therefore, the present invention has overcome the failures of the previously cited references to provide an optimally designed and manufactured transition joint.
  • the present invention overcomes the above-noted and other shortcomings of the prior art by providing a novel and improved transition joint.
  • This joint is optimally constructed to withstand the loads applied to it in its ordinary use environment, and yet is economically and easily manufacturable because of its tapered contour whereby a nearly constant resultant stress comprising the outer fiber bending stress and tensile stress results along the entire length of the joint.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Ensemble constituant un tube prolongateur destiné à faire communiquer une région du fond de la mer avec une structure (14) située à la surface de la mer dans un système de production de pétrole et de gaz, l'ensemble comprenant une colonne (12) formant tube prolongateur qui peut se raccorder à son extrémité supérieure à une structure (14) située à la surface de la mer et étant réunie à un joint de transition (2) au niveau de son extrémité inférieure, le joint de transition (2) étant fixé à une structure support (4) située sur le fond de la mer et faisant saillie vers le haut à partir de cette structure support et présentant un alésage central. qui le traverse, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint de transition (2) possède une surface extrême supérieure annulaire (32) assemblée audit tube prolongateur, une surface de base annulaire (34) assemblée à ladite structure support (4), et une surface externe (36) qui relie lesdites surface supérieure et de base (32,33) et qui présente un profil de rétrécissement continu curviligne depuis la surface de base (33) jusqu'à la surface supérieure (32), le joint de transition (2) étant sous forme massive entre son alésage central et sa surface externe (36), et ledit profil de rétrécissement curvilique étant tel que, pour des valeurs données de la charge axiale, de la charge de cisaillement et de la charge de flexion exercées au niveau de ladite surface supérieure (32), la contrainte résultante dudit joint de transition (2) soient à peu près constante sur toute sa longueur, entre ses surfaces supérieure et de base (32, 33).
2. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre de ladite surface externe (36) du joint de transition (2) est défini par:
Figure imgb0034
où
Dx=diamètre de la section transversale à une distance x de ladite surface supérieure (32)
Figure imgb0035
où
o=contrainte axiale totale sur la fibre extérieure le long de ladite surface externe (36), en Newtons par mètre carré.
d=diamètre intérieur dudit joint de transition (2), en mètres,
T=tension au niveau de ladite surface supérieure (32), en Newtons,
M=moment au niveau de ladite surface supérieure (32), en Newtons-mètres,
x=distance le long de ladite surface externe (36), mesurée depuis ladite surface supérieure (32) vers ladite surface de base (34), en mètres,
S=cisaillement au niveau de ladite surface supérieure, en Newton,
L=Iongueur dudit joint de transition,
8=angle par rapport à la verticale dudit joint de transition au niveau de ladite surface supérieure, en degrés,
et
Figure imgb0036
où
Figure imgb0037
3. Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre extérieur de la surface supérieure (32) du joint de transi (2) est égal au diamètre extérieur de l'extrémité inférieure de la colonne (12) formant tube prolongateur, le joint de transition (2) et la colonne (12) formant tube prolongateur étant constitués de la même matière.
EP80303869A 1980-10-30 1980-10-30 Arrangement de colonnes montantes pour systèmes de production Expired EP0051091B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80303869A EP0051091B1 (fr) 1980-10-30 1980-10-30 Arrangement de colonnes montantes pour systèmes de production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80303869A EP0051091B1 (fr) 1980-10-30 1980-10-30 Arrangement de colonnes montantes pour systèmes de production

Publications (2)

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EP0051091A1 EP0051091A1 (fr) 1982-05-12
EP0051091B1 true EP0051091B1 (fr) 1986-02-26

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8408085D0 (en) * 1984-03-29 1984-05-10 Univ London Marine risers
FR2583101B1 (fr) * 1985-06-10 1988-03-11 Elf Aquitaine Tube guide pour colonne montante flechissante d'exploitation petroliere marine
NL8502140A (nl) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-16 Single Buoy Moorings Afmeersysteem.
FR2616858B1 (fr) * 1987-06-18 1989-09-01 Inst Francais Du Petrole Element a raideur variable pour pied de colonne de transfert
NO176368C (no) * 1992-10-08 1995-03-22 Viking Mjoendalen As Böyningsbegrensende anordning
FR2754011B1 (fr) * 1996-09-30 1999-03-05 Inst Francais Du Petrole Riser de production equipe d'un raidisseur approprie et d'un flotteur individuel
CN103982742A (zh) * 2014-05-16 2014-08-13 大连理工大学 基于样条曲线的海洋柔性管缆防弯器

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1706246A (en) * 1928-03-03 1929-03-19 Dravo Contracting Company Method of building piers
US3307624A (en) * 1963-05-22 1967-03-07 Pan American Petroleum Corp Load-supporting structure, particularly for marine wells
US3414067A (en) * 1957-03-28 1968-12-03 Shell Oil Co Drilling
US3512811A (en) * 1968-01-22 1970-05-19 Exxon Production Research Co Pile-to-jacket connector
US3559410A (en) * 1968-07-30 1971-02-02 Pan American Petroleum Corp System for relieving stress at the top and bottom of vertical tubular members in vertically moored platforms
US3605413A (en) * 1969-10-24 1971-09-20 North American Rockwell Riser with a rigidity varying lower portion
US3976021A (en) * 1975-09-08 1976-08-24 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Installation of vertically moored platform

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3794849A (en) * 1972-08-18 1974-02-26 Ite Imperial Corp Power transmission system for connecting floating power plant to stationary conductors

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1706246A (en) * 1928-03-03 1929-03-19 Dravo Contracting Company Method of building piers
US3414067A (en) * 1957-03-28 1968-12-03 Shell Oil Co Drilling
US3307624A (en) * 1963-05-22 1967-03-07 Pan American Petroleum Corp Load-supporting structure, particularly for marine wells
US3512811A (en) * 1968-01-22 1970-05-19 Exxon Production Research Co Pile-to-jacket connector
US3559410A (en) * 1968-07-30 1971-02-02 Pan American Petroleum Corp System for relieving stress at the top and bottom of vertical tubular members in vertically moored platforms
US3605413A (en) * 1969-10-24 1971-09-20 North American Rockwell Riser with a rigidity varying lower portion
US3976021A (en) * 1975-09-08 1976-08-24 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Installation of vertically moored platform

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