EP0051087B1 - Strickleiter mit aus hartem Elastomer gegossenen Sprossen und Verfahren zu ihrer Fertigung - Google Patents
Strickleiter mit aus hartem Elastomer gegossenen Sprossen und Verfahren zu ihrer Fertigung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0051087B1 EP0051087B1 EP19800106816 EP80106816A EP0051087B1 EP 0051087 B1 EP0051087 B1 EP 0051087B1 EP 19800106816 EP19800106816 EP 19800106816 EP 80106816 A EP80106816 A EP 80106816A EP 0051087 B1 EP0051087 B1 EP 0051087B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wedge
- opening
- ropes
- collar
- heart
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010107 reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06C—LADDERS
- E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
- E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
- E06C7/081—Rungs or other treads comprising anti-slip features
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06C—LADDERS
- E06C1/00—Ladders in general
- E06C1/52—Ladders in general with non-rigid longitudinal members
- E06C1/56—Rope or chain ladders
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved rope ladder and to a novel step therefore, as well as to a method for assembly of the ladder.
- Rope ladders which are especially useful as pilot's ladders by which a local pilot boards or leaves a ship, have heretofore been made with wooden or metal steps.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a rope ladder simpler to make and to assemble than previous rope ladders.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a rope ladder having a surer and more reliant structure.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a rope ladder incorporating a wedging system which more tightly holds the ropes relative to the steps even when they are elongated.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method of ladder assembly in which the wedging action is assured by tightening the parts together while also stretching the rope.
- the rope ladder according to the invention comprises two spaced-apart pairs of ropes.
- the ladder further comprises a series of ladder steps, each with an upper surface and a lower surface, two longitudinal edges and two end edges, each step having for said ropes vertical through openings, spaced in from said edges, each said step having vertical bolt openings therethrough adjacent said through openings.
- the ladder also comprises separate wedge collars for each said step, at each end of and below said step and bearing up against it, each said wedge collar having a single elongated through opening having a large portion at the upper end and a narrow portion at the lower end for closely confining the two ropes by said narrow portion, each said wedge collar having vertical bolt passages therethrough aligned with the bolt openings through said step.
- the ladder further comprises a separate wedge heart in between the said ropes of each pair of ropes, said heart lying in said elongated through opening of said wedge collar, said wedge heart having a lower vertex adjacent the bottom of the elongated through opening of said wedge collar, and providing two rope-engaging side grooves ending at said vertex, so that these rope-engaging grooves, when said wedge heart is fully wedged in place, lock the pair of ropes in place and prevent relative movement between them and said step, said wedge collar and said wedge heart.
- the ladder comprises fastening means extending through the bolt passages of each wedge collar and the bolt openings of each step and tightened in place to hold said wedge collar and wedge heart in place and lock said ropes in fixed position relative to said wedge hearts, said step, and said wedge collar.
- each said step is a molded one piece hard elastometer member with, spaced in from each end edge, one elongated through opening narrow at its upper end for closely confining the two ropes of one pair and much wider than that where it emerges from said lower surface, each through opening tapering inwardly from bottom to top.
- Each wedge collar has one through opening whose upper end is approximately the same width as said step's through opening where it emerges from its lower surface, said elongated through opening tapering inwardly therefrom to said narrow portion.
- Said wedge heart is generally diamond-shaped, lies in the through opening of the step and extends into the through opening of the wedge collar, its upper vertex being adjacent said upper end of said step's through opening and said two rope-engaging grooves extending between and ending at said upper and lower vertices.
- Fig. 1 shows a portion of a rope ladder 10 embodying the invention.
- the ladder 10 is especially useful as a pilot's ladder for boarding and leaving ships and comprises four ropes distributed as two pairs of ropes 11, 12, and 13, 14, one pair at each side of the ladder 10.
- the ladder 10 further comprises a series of regular steps 15 and, at intervals for example as usually prescribed by the United States Coast Guard, a series of elongated steps 16, which extend out well beyond the rope pairs 11, 12 and 13, 14, and help to keep the ladder 10 from turning or twisting relative to the side of a ship.
- the invention comprises two wedge collars 17 and two wedge hearts 18 (Fig. 6) for each step 15 or 16.
- the step 15, as shown in Figs. 2 through 5, 9, and 10, is a unitary one-piece molded member made from a suitable hard elastomer, such as a hard synthetic rubber composition. It has some flexibility but is not readily bent or flexed by hand.
- the step 15 has an upper tread surface 20 which is shaped to reduce the likelihood of skidding or sliding thereon.
- the step 15 also has a lower surface 21 which preferably includes a pair of strengthening ribs 22 and 23.
- the step 15 has vertical front and rear edges 24, 25 and edges 26 and 27.
- the step 15 has near or at each end 26,27 an integral, upwardly extending, rope-engaging portion 30, 31 which is molded out with the step 15 of the same elastomer and at the same time, so that the portions 30 and 31 are simply parts of the step 15.
- Down through each portion 30,31 is a through opening 32 or 33.
- an entry opening 34 for each through opening 32,33 is wide and cooperates with the wedge heart 18 in a manner as will be seen later.
- an outlet 35 from the opening 32, 33 which is narrow, preferably barely wide enough for the two ropes 11, 12 or 13, 14 to pass out, so that they are fairly snug there.
- the inside surface 36 in between the entry 34 and outlet 35 is tapered and, being curved, acts like a groove to receive the round ropes.
- each end of each step 15 has a pair of vertical bolt openings 37, 38 extending down through the portion 30, 31 and through the entire step.
- recesses 39 are provided to help receive a bolt 40 and to provide a bearing surface 41 for its head 42 (See Fig. 9).
- the non-skid aspect of the upper surface 20 may be enhanced by first spraying a suitable paint 43 of a type which will adhere to that surface, then adding to it grit 44 and then coating with paint 45 again so as to bond the grit 44 to the paint 43, 45 and through it to the step 15.
- the elongated steps 16 are like the steps 15 except that they have outward outboard portions 46 and 47 which may comprise hard rubber rims 48 with openings 49 therethrough to save material and lighten the step while not decreasing its effectiveness for the purpose.
- a wedge collar 17 is shown in Figs. 7 and 8 as well as in Fig. 9, and compriess a metal member basically like that disclosed in the previously mentioned US Patent 4 177 878.
- Each wedge collar 17 has an upper surface 50 and a lower surface 51 and a through opening 52 which is generally like the openings 32, 33, but inverted, with a wide opening 54 at the top 50 to a narrower opening 55 at the bottom 51 and a tapered as well as curved surface 56 in between.
- the wide opening 54 is preferably exactly the same in dimension as the entry opening 34 of the step since it will mate against it.
- the wedge collar 17 also has bolt openings 57, 58 through which the bolt openings 37, 38 align and through which the bolts 40 are inserted, preferably from the top, with nuts 60 on the bottom that are tightened against a ledge 61, for which a recess 62 is provided, to hold the collar 17 in place against the step 15 or 16.
- the wedge heart 18 (Fig. 6) is of generally diamond shape, having a vertex 63 at the top and a vertex 64 at the bottom and with concave rope guides or grooves 65 and 66 along its two opposite edges, it has flat side faces 67 and 68 as shown in Figs. 6 and 9.
- Each wedge heart 18 is inserted between the two ropes 11, 12 or 13, 14 and lies with its widest portion 69 at about the plane where the lower surface 21 of the step 15 and the upper surface 50 of the wedge collar meet; its upper apex 63 lies at about the upper face of the portion 30 in the outlet 35, while its lower apex 64 lies at about the lower outlet 55 from the wedge collar 17.
- the grooves 65 and 66 are parallel to the curved end walls of the openings 32 and 33 of the step 15 or 16 and to the curve end walls of the openings 52 of the wedge collar 17.
- the heart 18 then locks the step 15 (or 16), the wedge collar 17, and itself to the ropes 11, 12 or 13, 14, so that relative movement between them cannot take place.
- the rope ladder 10 is preferably assembled from the bottom up, the bottommost step 15 being assembled first; and the parts 15, 16, and 17 are threaded on the rope 11, 12 and 13, 14 in advance. Assembly of an intermediate step 15 is shown.
- a rigid anvil member 70 is secured to a pair of vertical supports 71, 72 which are secured firmly to a suitable rigid vertical support or wall 73.
- the upper edge 20 of a next upper step 15 is brought up against the lower surface of the anvil 70.
- each cylinder 74, 75 has a rod 76, 77 connected to its piston (not shown).
- the rods 76 and 77 support a crosshead 78.
- a wedge collar 17, after having been threaded on the ropes, is inserted on an end shelf 79 at each end of the crosshead 78, and a wedge heart 18 is inserted in between each pair of ropes 11, 12 and 13, 14.
- the steps 15 are about twenty inches (50,8 cm) long, about five inches (12,7 cm) wide, and about an inch (2,5 cm) thick at the tread.
- the elongated steps 16 are typically about seventy inches (178 cm) long, and the openings 49 about two inches (5 cm) by eight inches (21 cm), there being two openings 49 on each side of each step 16.
- the spreader steps 16 of this invention solve several problems.
- Conventional wooden spreaders tend to catch the wind, and when they do, they tend to cause the ladder to twist or spin, thereby making ascent or descent dangerous, if not impossible.
- the openings 49 let the wind pass through the outboard positions 46 and 47 and greatly reduce the wind resistance, thereby significantly increasing the ladder's safety.
- the rims 48 due to the openings 49, serve as hand holds when needed, as on windy days and nights, thereby adding another safety feature. Beyond all this, the openings 49 lighten the weight of the ladder 10 considerably, and weight is always a consideration for pilot ladders.
- the open area is about
- the molded one-piece hard elastomer polymer composition RIM may have a reinforcement by means of a tubular material completely embedded or concealed in the body of the step to add additional strength and prevent flexing.
- the tubular reinforcing is preferably connected on the ends of the tubular reinforcements by bolts through the bottom collar to form a peripheral framework.
- the tubular reinforcement also acts as a buoyancy factor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ladders (AREA)
Claims (12)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19800106816 EP0051087B1 (de) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-11-05 | Strickleiter mit aus hartem Elastomer gegossenen Sprossen und Verfahren zu ihrer Fertigung |
| DE8080106816T DE3070078D1 (en) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-11-05 | Rope ladder with molded hard elastomer steps and a method for assembly of the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19800106816 EP0051087B1 (de) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-11-05 | Strickleiter mit aus hartem Elastomer gegossenen Sprossen und Verfahren zu ihrer Fertigung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0051087A1 EP0051087A1 (de) | 1982-05-12 |
| EP0051087B1 true EP0051087B1 (de) | 1985-01-30 |
Family
ID=8186877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19800106816 Expired EP0051087B1 (de) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-11-05 | Strickleiter mit aus hartem Elastomer gegossenen Sprossen und Verfahren zu ihrer Fertigung |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0051087B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3070078D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002087692A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-11-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A method and apparatus for the treatment of cosmetic skin conditioins |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL64147C (de) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
| US3128843A (en) * | 1964-04-14 | Rope ladder | ||
| DE500403C (de) * | 1930-06-20 | Fritz Ludwig Bartels | Stufenhalter fuer Lotsentreppen | |
| US800934A (en) * | 1904-04-25 | 1905-10-03 | Mary J Mcarthur | Fire-escape ladder. |
| DE660368C (de) * | 1936-12-31 | 1938-05-24 | Paul Wichmann | Lotsen- oder Sturmleiter |
| GB1310884A (en) * | 1959-05-07 | 1973-03-21 | Dunlop Holdings Ltd | Steps for rope ladders |
| US3077241A (en) * | 1960-09-15 | 1963-02-12 | Columbus Auto Parts | Rope ladder |
| US4177878A (en) * | 1978-05-01 | 1979-12-11 | Salvarezza Robert M | Rope ladder |
-
1980
- 1980-11-05 DE DE8080106816T patent/DE3070078D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-11-05 EP EP19800106816 patent/EP0051087B1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3070078D1 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
| EP0051087A1 (de) | 1982-05-12 |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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