EP0050611A1 - Procede et appareil de conservation de l'energie dans un climatiseur - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de conservation de l'energie dans un climatiseur

Info

Publication number
EP0050611A1
EP0050611A1 EP80901048A EP80901048A EP0050611A1 EP 0050611 A1 EP0050611 A1 EP 0050611A1 EP 80901048 A EP80901048 A EP 80901048A EP 80901048 A EP80901048 A EP 80901048A EP 0050611 A1 EP0050611 A1 EP 0050611A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condenser
evaporator
liquid circuit
refrigerant
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP80901048A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0050611A4 (fr
Inventor
George Martinez Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0050611A1 publication Critical patent/EP0050611A1/fr
Publication of EP0050611A4 publication Critical patent/EP0050611A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves

Definitions

  • air conditioning systems are designed to promote year-round cooling. This characteristic is essential to a cooling system designed for builings in which the outer peripheral surfaces and areas are subject to wide temperature gradients whereas the inner portions remain relatively stable regardless of the ambient conditions.
  • Such an air conditioning system must, in general, be operated during substantially the entire year to provide the necessary cooling and air circulation. During mild weather months of the year the system can be operated without the compressor where ambient conditions permit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic layout of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a partly-schematic, partly-detailed view of portions of the condenser and cooler embodying additional parts added to the usual building air conditioning unit essential to the operation of the process of the invention.
  • valves 40 and 42 When valves 40 and 42 are closed and valve 43 is open, as they would be when the compressor is operating, the water or other liquid thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 18, filter 30, pipe 18a, valve 32, pipe 18b, pump 19, and into condenser 10 through pipe 18c thereby completing the cycle.
  • the water, brine, or other liquid in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 is constantly cooled by the cooling tower so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through a compressor 22 of conventional structure connecting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end of condenser 10.
  • the compressor 22 is of usual and conventional construction and is not shown in detail.
  • the cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual and conventional construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pass in only one direction from condenser 10 into the cooler 21.
  • a bundle of chill water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 so as to run its entire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21.
  • the apparatus of the present invention includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air conditioning system and its conventional components, pipes 31 and 32 which are controlled by valve 40 and connects pipe 24a with pipe 18c, water tubes 11, and condenser 10; pipes 33 and 34 which are controlled by valve 42 and connect pipe 18a with pipe 24b and cooling units 26, pipe 29, and cooling tubes 24; valves 43 and 44 vhich are closed when the system is operated in accordance with the present invention, and valves 40 and 42 which are open when the system is operated in accordance with the invention.
  • a filter 30 may be placed in line 18 if desired.
  • the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill water pump 41 are set in operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valves 40 and 42 are opened, valves 43 and 44 are closed, and pump 19 is turned off.
  • the cooling cycle is then as follows:
  • Pump 41 forces warm return water from room cooling units 26 through tubes 24 and condenser 21, outwardly through pipe 24a and into pipe 31, through open valve 40 into pipes 32 and 18c.
  • Water from pipe 32 flows outwardly through tube 11 and into pipe 12 and on to cooling tower 13.
  • Cool water from cooling tower 13 flows through pipe 18, filter 30, and into pipe 18a.
  • Valve 43 is closed and therefore prohibits fluids from passing therethrough.
  • Water travels through pipe 18a, open valve 42, and into pipe 34. From pipe 34 cool water travels onwardly through pipe 24b into room cooling units 26 and returns to pump 41 through pipe 29.
  • the water or other cooling medium is cooled by cooling tower and introduced directly to the room cooling units 26, commingling with the water therein.
  • Heat exchanger 50 may be any conventional heat ex ⁇ changer attached to the cooling tower 13 so that the major portions of all of the heat exchanger is beneath the liquid level within the cooling tower. In this embodiment of the present invention there is no interchange of water between the water tubes of the condenser and the water tubes of the evaporator.
  • the numeral 10 designates a condenser of the usual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cooling tower 13.
  • the outlet pipe terminates in a series of holes along its bottom edge which form a downward spray 14 in the cooling tower.
  • the cooling tower 13 is a typical cooling tower which has air intake louvers (not shown) in the walls 15 and a suction fan 16 which is operated by motor 17 which draws air upwardly through the spray 14 and out to the open air. Natural draft cooling towers without fans may also be utilized.
  • the water thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 18, pump 19, and into condenser 10 and tubes 11 through pipe 39, thereby completing the cycle.
  • the water in water tubes 11 in condenser 10 is constantly cooled so as to cool and liquify the vapors of refrigerant 20 passing into condenser 10 from cooler or evaporator 21 through a compressor 22 of conventional struc ⁇ ture connecting one end of cooler 21 to the adjoining end of condenser 10.
  • the compressor 22 is of usual and conventional construction and is not shown in detail.
  • the cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual and conventional construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pass in only one direction from condenser 10 into the cooler 21.
  • a bundle of chill water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 so as to run its entire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21.
  • the tubes 24 carrying the chilled water or brine leave the cooler 21 through pipe 24a, as indicated by the arrow, when valve 51 is closed and valve 52 is open, as they would be when the compressor 22 is operating.
  • the chilled water then passes through valve 52 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 27 drive by motors 28 in the direction indicated by the arrows,
  • the chilled water is then returned by pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 2 includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air conditioning system and its conventional components, a heat exchanger 50 in cooling tower 13 and lines 55, 55a, and 56 which are controlled by valve 51 and connect line 24a with heat exchanger 50.
  • the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill pump 41 and pump 19 are set in operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valve 50 is opened and valve 52 is closed.
  • the cooling cycle is then as follows: Pump 41 forces warm return water from room cool ⁇ ing units 26 through tubes 24 and condenser 21, outwardly through pipe 24a and into pipe 55, through open valve 51 in ⁇ to pipe 55a and into heat exchanger 50.
  • Water from heat ex ⁇ changer 50 flows outwardly through pipe 56 and into pipe 24b into room cooling units 26 and returns to pump 41 through line 29.
  • the water or other cooling medium is cooled by the heat exchanger 50 in the cooling tower, thereby minimizing the time during certain ambient conditions when it is necessary to run the compressor to achieve the desired temperatures inside the building.
  • Heat exchanger 50a may be any conventional heat exchanger.
  • a shell and tube type heat exchanger or a counter-flow type heat exchanger may be used.
  • the numeral 10 designate a condenser of the usual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cooling tower 13.
  • the outlet pipe terminates in a series of holes along its bottom edge which form a downward spray 14 in the cooling tower.
  • the cooling tower 13 is a typical cooling tower which has air intake louvers (not shown) in the walls 15 and a suction fan 16 which is operated by motor 17 which draws air upwardly through the spray 14 and out to the open air. Natural draft cooling towers without fans may also be utilized.
  • the cooler 21 is also connected to condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual and conventional construction through which the refrigerant 20 can pass in only one direction from condenser 10 into cooler 21.
  • a bundle of chill water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 so as to run its entire length. The chill water tubes 24 are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21.
  • the tubes 24 carrying the chilled water or brine leave the cooler 21 through pipe 24a, as indicated by the arrow, when valve 51 is closed and valve 52 is open, as they would be when the compressor 22 is operating.
  • the chilled water then passes through valve 52 into pipe 24b and passes in parallel through room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 27 driven by motors 28 in the direction indicated by the arrowso
  • the chilled water is then returned by pipe 29 through pump 41 into pipe 24 and cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
  • the embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 3 includes, in addition to the normal or conventional building air conditioning system and its conventional compon ⁇ ents, a heat exchanger 50a in cooling tower 13 and lines 55, 55a, and 56 which are controlled by valve 51 and connect line 24a with heat exchanger 50a.
  • the cooling tower fan 16 and the chill pump 41 and pump 19 are set in operation after compressor 22 is turned off, valve 51 is opened and valve 52 is closed.
  • the cooling cycle is then as follows:
  • Cooled or chilled water from cooling tower 13 flows from pipe 18 into heat exchanger 50a. Cooling tower water from heat exchanger 50a flows outwardly through pipe 18a into pump 19 and pipe 39, and onward to the cooling tower.
  • the room cooling unit water or other cooling medium is cooled by the heat exchanger 50a through heat transfer with cooling tower water, thereby minimizing the time during certain ambient conditions when it is necessary to run the compressor to achieve the desired temperatures inside the building.
  • some air conditioning systems substitute a nozzle arrangement for the float assembly 23 whereby refrigerant is injected into a circuit of tubes in the evaporator, rather than injecting the refrigerant into the body of the evaporator shell. Vaporous refrigerant is removed from the tubes in the evaporator by the compressor 22. The chill water is in turn injected into the body of the evaporator shell.
  • the present invention is applicable to such a nozzle arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • a tube-in-tube arrangement can be utilized to effect heat transfer between the refrigerant and the water circuit.
  • the present invention is applicable to such a tube-in-tube arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • any recognized source of cold water may be used instead of the cooling tower 13 such as cold well water as is generally used in installations where it is available.
  • a cold well water source will increase the heat transfer rate between the refrigerant 20 and the chill water and tube bundle 24 sufficiently to obtain the required temperature of the chilled water.
  • the embodiments of the invention would be applicable to a compression-type air conditioning system as shown in the drawings, or to an absorption-type air conditioning system (not shown) as is obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • Replacement of the compressor 22 with a pump, an absorber, and a thermally activated arrangement (heat source) such as the system disclosed on page 18-12 of the Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers would not alter the operation or apparatus of the invention.
  • a pump is used in the absorption system to circulate refrigerant between the evaporator and the condenser.
  • 10 is the condenser of the usual building air conditioning unit which has a bundle of water tubes 11 running therethrough and which has an outlet pipe 12 running from the connection 12a (as shown in Figure 5) to the roof 12b of the building where it connects to the upper end of the cooling tower 13 and it terminates in a series of holes along its bottom edge forming a down ⁇ ward spray 14.
  • the cooling tower 13 has air intake louvers (not shown) in its walls 15 and a suction fan 16 operated by a motor 17 which draws the air upwardly through the spray 14 and out to the open air.
  • the water thus cooled is pumped back through pipe 18 and pump 19 into the bundle of water tubes 11 in the condenser 10 at 18a thereby completing this cycle.
  • the cooler 21 is also connected to the condenser 10 by a float trap 23 of usual construction through which the condensed refrigerant can pass in only one direction from the condenser 10 into the cooler 21.
  • a bundle of chill water tubes 24 are mounted in the lower half of cooler 21 so as to run its entire length and they are covered by refrigerant 20 which fills only the lower half of cooler 21.
  • These tube 24 carrying the chilled water leave the cooler 21 at 25a int pipes 25 and pass in parallel through the room cooling units 26 equipped with fans 27 driven by motors 28 and returned by pipes 29 through pump 41 and connection 29a into cooler 21, thereby completing the cycle.
  • An equalizer 30 controlled by valve 31 connects the cooler 21 to the condenser 10 and may be used in the usual building air conditioning system as desired.
  • a pump 53 in addition to the usual or regular building air conditioning equipment as hereinbefore described, there is added a pump 53, a refrigerant reservoir 50, four valves 52, 55, 60 and 61, in addition to pipes connecting the pump to the condenser 10 and cooler or evaporator 21 to permit refrigerant to be pump ⁇ ed from cooler 21 into condenser 10 by pump 53.
  • the refrigerant reservoir 50 is used to supply additional amounts of refrigerant to flood the cooler and condenser when the compressor is not operating.
  • Pump 53 is connected to condenser 10 and cooler 21 by pipes 58 and 59, respectively, which in turn are connected by valve 52 and by pipes 56 and 57, which in turn are connected by valve 55.
  • Refrigerant reservoir 50 is connected to pipe 58 by pipes 51 and 62, which in turn are connected by valve 60, and reservoir 50 is connected to pipe 56 by pipes 54 and 63, which in turn are connected by valve 61.
  • valve 31 To flood condenser 10 and cooler 21 with refrigerant from reservoir 50, valve 31 is opened, valve 55 is closed, valve 60 is closed, and valves 52 and 61 are opened.
  • Pump 53 is activated to pump refrigerant from reservoir 50 through line 54, valve 61, line 63, line 56, through pump 53, line 58, valve 52, and line 59 into condenser 10.
  • condenser 10 fills, refrigerant flows downwardly through line 30 and valve 31 into cooler 21. Some refrigerant may flow downwardly also through float trap 23.
  • Pump 53 continues to run until condenser 10 is approximately filled and water tubes 11 and 24 are covered with liquid refrigerant. When this condition is reached, valve 61 is closed, valve 60 re mains closed, and valve 55 is opened.
  • valves 52 and 61 are closed, valves 60, 55 and 31 are opened, and pump 53 is run until the desired amount of refrigerant is returned to the reservoir. Valves 60, 55 and 31 are then closed, valves 52 and 61 remain closed, compressor 22 is activated, and the system is then operating in the normal cycle.
  • Conventional automatic controls can be utilized to operate the system, or the system can be operated manually.
  • Reservoir 50 may be utilized to receive all of the refrigerant in the system prior to disassembly.
  • some air conditioning systems substitute a nozzle arrangement for the float assembly 23 whereby refrigerant is injected into a circuit of tubes in the evaporator, rather than injecting the refrigerant into the body of the evaporator shell. Vapor ⁇ ous refrigerant is removed from the tubes in the evaporator by the compressor 22. The chill water is in turn injected into the body of the evaporator shell.
  • the present invention is applicable to such a nozzle arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • a tube-in-tube arrangement can be utilized to effect heat transfer between the refrigerant and the water circuit.
  • the present invention is applicable to such a tube-in-tube arrangement as would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
  • any recognized source of cold water may be used instead of the cooling tower 13 such as cold well water as is generally used in installations where it is available.
  • a cold well water source will increase the heat transfer rate between the refrigerant 20 and the chill water and tube bundle 24 sufficiently to obtain the required temperature of the chilled water.
  • This equalizer 30 will allow a free passage of the refrigerant 20 in the cooler 21 and the condenser 10 in installations where such brief passages otherwise are restricted. Variations may be made in the process and apparatus of the invention without departing from the scope and intent of the same and such variations are covered by the scope of the specification, drawings, and claims herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Procede et appareil de conservation de l'energie lors du fonctionnement d'un climatiseur de type conventionnel dans les habitations de grandes dimensions, utilisant un condenseur (10) refroidi a l'eau, un evaporateur (21), un circuit d'eau froide (24), et un compresseur de refrigerant (22) ou une source de chaleur dans un conditionneur d'air du type a absorption, dans lequel le compresseur (22) ou la source de chaleur ne recoit pas d'energie, la tour de refroidissement (13) est mise en fonctionnement, et les conduites d'eau (24) de l'evaporateur ainsi que les conduites d'eau (1, 11) du condenseur sont connectees a un echangeur de chaleur (50a) pour effectuer l'echange de chaleur entre eux.
EP19800901048 1980-04-24 1980-04-24 Procede et appareil de conservation de l'energie dans un climatiseur. Ceased EP0050611A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1980/000472 WO1981003062A1 (fr) 1980-04-24 1980-04-24 Procede et appareil de conservation de l'energie dans un climatiseur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0050611A1 true EP0050611A1 (fr) 1982-05-05
EP0050611A4 EP0050611A4 (fr) 1982-09-09

Family

ID=22154305

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800901048 Ceased EP0050611A4 (fr) 1980-04-24 1980-04-24 Procede et appareil de conservation de l'energie dans un climatiseur.

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0050611A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57500661A (fr)
WO (1) WO1981003062A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2518227B1 (fr) * 1981-12-15 1987-07-03 Coremaex Procede et dispositif d'economie en conditionnement d'air
GB2158215A (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-11-06 Fook Chong Chai Cooling plant
FI100270B (fi) * 1995-10-17 1997-10-31 Abb Installaatiot Oy Menetelmä ja sovitelma jäähdytystehon tuottamiseksi
FI100269B (fi) * 1995-10-17 1997-10-31 Abb Installaatiot Oy Menetelmä ja sovitelma jäähdytystehon tuottamiseksi
US20100242532A1 (en) 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Johnson Controls Technology Company Free cooling refrigeration system
US11199356B2 (en) * 2009-08-14 2021-12-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Free cooling refrigeration system

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2620635A (en) * 1950-09-09 1952-12-09 Erwin W Mautner Cooling system and control
US2718766A (en) * 1952-07-11 1955-09-27 Imperatore Thomas Method and apparatus for operating a building air conditioning apparatus
US3130557A (en) * 1962-05-23 1964-04-28 Mcfarlan Alden Irving Cooling tower control means
US3242689A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-03-29 Worthington Corp Cooling system and apparatus
US3276516A (en) * 1965-04-26 1966-10-04 Worthington Corp Air conditioning system
US4201062A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-05-06 Martinez George Jr Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning system
US4201063A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-05-06 Martinez George Jr Method and apparatus for conserving energy in an air conditioning system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8103062A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57500661A (fr) 1982-04-15
EP0050611A4 (fr) 1982-09-09
WO1981003062A1 (fr) 1981-10-29

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