EP0049941A1 - Moyens pour prévenir l'écoulement de chaleur d'un fluide actif vers les surfaces des composants des machines à piston thermodynamiques - Google Patents

Moyens pour prévenir l'écoulement de chaleur d'un fluide actif vers les surfaces des composants des machines à piston thermodynamiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049941A1
EP0049941A1 EP81302994A EP81302994A EP0049941A1 EP 0049941 A1 EP0049941 A1 EP 0049941A1 EP 81302994 A EP81302994 A EP 81302994A EP 81302994 A EP81302994 A EP 81302994A EP 0049941 A1 EP0049941 A1 EP 0049941A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
piston
components
vapours
thermodynamic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81302994A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Neil Douglas Shelton
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0049941A1 publication Critical patent/EP0049941A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power

Definitions

  • thermodynamic piston engines and more particularly to components of such engines ,having surfaces exposed, in use, to high temperature working fluid.
  • the invention has application to pistons and to cylinder walls and cylinder heads of internal combustion engines (with spark ignition or self ignition or hot surface ignition) and to external combustion engines, inlet and exhaust valves (poppet, slide and other types) also passageways and combustion chambers, which are subjected, in use, to high temperature working fluid.
  • thermodynamic piston engines have hitherto been very much lower than the efficiency which is theoretically possible from the thermodynamic cycle upon which they are based.
  • the most significant reason for this is the need, in practice hitherto, to limit the cycle maximum temperature such that engine components and also lubricants are not unduly affected by excessive heat.
  • This has involved the provision of cooling systems which conduct away from the affected components and lubricants that very substantial proportion of the heat of the working fluid, which transfers to the surfaces of such affected components and lubricants, by radiation and by conduction.
  • An object of the present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks. It solves the problem of how to prevent overheating of components and lubricants in piston engines.
  • the invention as claimed provides a means of preventing heat from escaping from the working fluid to the surfaces of components and lubricants of such piston engines, thus permitting much higher thermodynamic cycle temperatures to be used, for longer durations, with the result that thermal efficiency is increased. Also component.and lubricant reliability is much improved due to lower and steadier working temperature, and due to smaller and less fluctuating internal thermal stresses inside these components.
  • a component of a thermodynamic piston engine having a surface which is subjected to high temperature working fluid in use, has a fluid-permeable structure constituting that surface, and means are provided for forcing a fluid through that structure at a controlled rate of flow, thus causing the surface to become permeated by the fluid and establish a layer of this fluid upon the surface, such that the fluid will function as a "barrier” against heat flow into that surface.
  • This barrier is hereafter referred to as the "Fluid Thermal Barrier”
  • the fluid would be chosen to suit the circumstances, but would most probably be air or water where the fluid will be lost to engine exhaust and therefore need to be continually replaced.
  • the "fluid thermal barrier” will usually be supplied at a temperature which is within the reliable working temperature range of the material used for the component. Such temperature will usually be considerably lower than that of the thermodynamic working fluid.
  • the "fluid thermal barrier" supply pressure may exceed the maximum pressure of the thermodynamic cycle, or it may be supplied at certain different levels of pressure at different times or positions within such a cycle; also the pressure may be controlled so as to remain steady, or it may be made to fluctuate as required by the circumstances.
  • the "fluid thermal barrier” will absorb that heat which would otherwise be lost to the surface of those components and thence to a cooling system or atmosphere, so that this heat will now take part in the thermodynamic cycle.
  • the “fluid thermal barrier” will absorb the heat, and fluid from it will expand with the working fluid to provide additional useful work at the piston.
  • thermodynamic working fluid it is not suggested that the air, water or other fluid used for the "fluid thermal barrier" be fed into the thermodynamic working fluid so that the whole volume of the latter becomes diluted; this merely reduces the initial temperature throughout the working fluid before expansion and reduces the amount of useful work done.
  • the invention provides an extremely thin barrier of molecule of air, water or other fluid at the surface of the component only.
  • the well known "boundary layer effect” prevents the molecules of the fluid thermal barrier from being immediately swept away from the surface through which they have permeated, even though there maybe violent swirling taking place within the bulk of the working fluid.
  • the fluid thermal barrier molecules As the fluid thermal barrier molecules are forced by their supply pressure, away from the surface and through the thickness of the static boundary layer they absorb the outflowing heat and their temperature will gradually rise to almost that of the mass of hot working fluid. The fluid thermal barrier molecules then become entrained with the working fluid, both being at approximately the same temperature at the time of mixing, and thus the working fluid will not suffer a substantial drop in temperature as a result.
  • the fluid thermal barrier will usually need to be replenished at a rate which balances, in its required function, the heat energy tending to escape from the working fluid.
  • the molecules of the air, water or other fluid used as the fluid thermal barrier absorb only that heat which would otherwise be lost to the surfaces under consideration.
  • the fluid thermal barrier molecules do not take that heat from the hot working fluid which would normally be retained by the working fluid if the fluid thermal barrier were not present.
  • this invention does not relate to any means of cooling components, such as the well documented “sweat cooling” system. Rather, it does provide a means of preventing heat from transferring to the surfaces of piston engine components.
  • plastics materials could be used in suitable situations, such as for cylinders with a backing . reinforcement of stronger material capable of withstanding the pressure of the working fluid.
  • lubricants are used upon or between surfaces, it may be considered advantageous to make such lubricants compatible with whatever fluid is used for the "fluid thermal barrier".
  • Soluable oil could be used in the crank cases of reciprocating piston engines.
  • the water or other fluid used for the fluid thermal barrier may itself provide a sufficient lubrication to the sliding surfaces, if made of a suitable material, so that the use of lubricating oil could be dispensed with. Indeed, with compressed air (or other gas) used to provide the fluid barrier, this itself could provide an 'air bearing'. effect between the sliding surfaces and thus no further lubrication would be needed.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a surface 9A having a permeable solid structure 7, supported by a non-permeable solid structure 7A.
  • Fluid molecules F are supplied via channels 6, and then permeate the permeable structure as shown by arrows K to form a protective layer 9 within the thickness of the boundary layer T upon the surface 9A.
  • the fluid thermal barrier molecules are shown by arrows H passing as a result of their supply pressure, from the cold side of the boundary layer 9A to the hot side of the boundary layer 9B, carrying with them that heat of the working fluid 5 which tends to escape from the latter as shown by arrows N.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a fluid tight casing 2 surrounding a cylinder 4 of material (possibly cast iron) which allows air, water and other fluid to permeate through it at a sufficient rate under pressure.
  • the drawing shows fluid feed channels 6 which would be connected to a pump (not shown) capable of providing the required pressure over and above the pressure developed inside space 8, between the cylinder head 4A and piston 10.
  • Figure 2 also shows piston 10 having a head portion 12 of fluid permeable material; this would also have fluid feed channels (not shown) fed from flexible or telescopic pipes or via transfer channels at the connecting rod 14 or across the piston skirt 16 from the cylinder wall 4.
  • Inlet and exhaust poppet valves 18 and 20 are also made, at least in those necessary parts, of fluid permeable material, the fluid in this case being fed through a channel in the valve stem as indicated by the arrow A, or via a side port (not shown).
  • a sliding or rotating valve instead of a poppet type, see Figure 3 and the related description.
  • the drawing( Figure 2) shows a fluid thermal barrier F established by permeating of fluid through the permeable material of the cylinder 4, cylinder head 4A, piston head 12, valves 18 and 20, valve guides 19 and passageways 15 and 17.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown an expansion cylinder 22 with piston 24 of an external combustion engine, having fluid thermal barrier feed channels 6.
  • This drawing also illustrates a sliding or rotating metering valve 26 whose fixed and movable parts 26A and 26B are cooled be permeating of fluid forced through permeable material (from which, at least, the surface parts are made) to form fluid thermal barriers F.
  • FIG. 3 also illustrates a poppet type exhaust valve 28; as shown this valve may also be constructed for permeation by fluid thermal barrier molecules and thus be protected from receiving heat, as may the walls of the exhaust passageway 29 and inlet passageway 25.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
EP81302994A 1980-07-09 1981-07-01 Moyens pour prévenir l'écoulement de chaleur d'un fluide actif vers les surfaces des composants des machines à piston thermodynamiques Withdrawn EP0049941A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8022398 1980-07-09
GB8022398 1980-07-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049941A1 true EP0049941A1 (fr) 1982-04-21

Family

ID=10514627

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81302994A Withdrawn EP0049941A1 (fr) 1980-07-09 1981-07-01 Moyens pour prévenir l'écoulement de chaleur d'un fluide actif vers les surfaces des composants des machines à piston thermodynamiques
EP19810901797 Withdrawn EP0055721A1 (fr) 1980-07-09 1981-07-01 Moteur thermodynamique a pistons pourvu d'une isolation thermique interne

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810901797 Withdrawn EP0055721A1 (fr) 1980-07-09 1981-07-01 Moteur thermodynamique a pistons pourvu d'une isolation thermique interne

Country Status (2)

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EP (2) EP0049941A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982000177A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2540941A1 (fr) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-17 Bertin & Cie Dispositif de segment fluide pour
WO2000000725A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Quantum Energy Technologies Corporation Type de moteur utilisant un cycle asymetrique
WO2013109152A1 (fr) * 2012-01-20 2013-07-25 Viking Heat Engines As Moteur thermique externe et procédé d'exploitation d'un moteur thermique externe

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE489034C (de) * 1927-06-20 1930-01-11 Erich Schattaneck Einrichtung zur Waermeisolierung und dadurch bewirkter Kuehlhaltung von einer hohen Erhitzung ausgesetzten Flaechen in Maschinen und von Maschinenteilen, z. B. bei Brennkraftmaschinen
GB730260A (en) * 1951-03-21 1955-05-18 Carborundum Co Improvements relating to rocket motor and like structures
GB828552A (en) * 1956-02-11 1960-02-17 Augsbert Nurnberg A G Maschf Improvements in rotor blades for turbines or compressors operating at high temperatures
US3300139A (en) * 1964-10-26 1967-01-24 Emerson Electric Co Thermal-structural system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE489034C (de) * 1927-06-20 1930-01-11 Erich Schattaneck Einrichtung zur Waermeisolierung und dadurch bewirkter Kuehlhaltung von einer hohen Erhitzung ausgesetzten Flaechen in Maschinen und von Maschinenteilen, z. B. bei Brennkraftmaschinen
GB730260A (en) * 1951-03-21 1955-05-18 Carborundum Co Improvements relating to rocket motor and like structures
GB828552A (en) * 1956-02-11 1960-02-17 Augsbert Nurnberg A G Maschf Improvements in rotor blades for turbines or compressors operating at high temperatures
US3300139A (en) * 1964-10-26 1967-01-24 Emerson Electric Co Thermal-structural system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2540941A1 (fr) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-17 Bertin & Cie Dispositif de segment fluide pour
WO2000000725A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Quantum Energy Technologies Corporation Type de moteur utilisant un cycle asymetrique
WO2013109152A1 (fr) * 2012-01-20 2013-07-25 Viking Heat Engines As Moteur thermique externe et procédé d'exploitation d'un moteur thermique externe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0055721A1 (fr) 1982-07-14
WO1982000177A1 (fr) 1982-01-21

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