EP0047397A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum longitudinalen Zusammendrücken von Bahnen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum longitudinalen Zusammendrücken von Bahnen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0047397A1
EP0047397A1 EP81106096A EP81106096A EP0047397A1 EP 0047397 A1 EP0047397 A1 EP 0047397A1 EP 81106096 A EP81106096 A EP 81106096A EP 81106096 A EP81106096 A EP 81106096A EP 0047397 A1 EP0047397 A1 EP 0047397A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
retarding
treatment
compressive treatment
longitudinal
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EP81106096A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Richard R. Walton
George E. Munchbach
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Individual
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Individual
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C21/00—Shrinking by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/12—Crêping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the longitudinal compressional treatment of flexible web materials such as knitted and woven textile fabrics, papers, plastic films, and so-called “non-wovens” the latter being of natural or synthetic substance, formed into webs e.g. as by air laying or wet laying of fibers.
  • the untreated web is driven longitudinally by using a low friction surface to press the web against a rotating drive roll, and then within a short distance of the drive point, retarding forces are applied to the traveling web.
  • the opposition between the driving and retarding forces, while the material remains confined in the lateral direction, produces desirable physical change in the web material, for instance, increase in its bulk, thickness and elasticity.
  • the web can be compacted longitudinally within its own plane, without folding of the web upon itself or formation of a crepe, but with crimping in situ of the tiny individual fibers ("microcreping" of the fibers) that make up the threads or yarns of the fabric.
  • the longitudinal compressive treatment can form barely perceptible undulations or crepes in the web as a whole ("microcreping" of the web), in which the overall appearance of the faces of the web is still one of smoothness, without superficial coarse crepe or folds being present. If, however, coarse crepe is desired, this can be achieved by suitable enlargement of the treatment cavity.
  • the treatment can increase the softness or drapability of a web, increase its covering effect and opacity, make the surface texture of the web more appealing, render the web shrinkproof, apply decorative effects to the web, or cause components of the web to be more intimately interengaged in a way that is useful.
  • Paper webs can be made stretchy and have their burst resistance improved.
  • any of the following can occur: change in the web-gripping character of the drive roll, for instance due to wear of the drive roll surface or presence of foreign substances or due to change in roll speed; variations in pressure of the web against the drive roll, for instance due to change in :the untreated web thickness or in the forces that press the confining surface and web against the drive roll or due to wear or change in the geometry of the confining surfaces; variation in the supply tension applied to the untreated web as it enters the treatment; change in the stiffness or softness of the untreated web as may occur due to change in moisture content or temperature of the original untreated web; change in the depth of the iretarding passage through which the web passes; change in other retarder qualities due e.g., to dimensional or speed change; and change in susceptibility of the web to its being retarde
  • variable conditions In practice, more than one of the variable conditions often changes at the same time, producing a more complicated behavior.
  • the point of treatment of the material i.e., the "O" point in the case of bladeless microcreping, as shown in Fig. 1 of our U.S. Patent No. 3,810,280
  • the point of treatment of the material tends to shift forward or backward in the treatment region, further affecting the quality of the treatment.
  • a stationary retarding surface extends beyond the confining surface to lie over the driven roll, forming therewith a retarding passage in which drag forces are applied to the face of the web.
  • This retarding surface is rough or abrasive-like and is inextensible in the direction of the web travel.
  • a web drive for the longitudinal compressive treatment of web materials comprises a special stationary low-friction surface for pressing the web against the driven roll, this surface having a series of adjacent, exposed edges extending in the direction of the length of the roll and having surface lands extending between these edges.
  • edges are provided in the under surface of a sheet-form spring member and pressure toward the roll is concentrated on the upper surface of the sheet-form member at a location downstream of these edges, this pressure being effective to bend the sheet-form member about the roll and press the edges into their pressure-concentrating engagement against the web.
  • the edges comprise integral formations in a unitary spring sheet steel member, the edges are at steps that lie no more than about .005 inch below adjacent land surfaces, and the edges are straight with each other
  • Another aspect of the invention concerns the specific longitudinal compressive treatment in which a stationary, low friction surface is first used to press the web against the driven gripping surface in a drive region to drive the web forward in the longitudinal direction and secondly, downstream thereof, a stationary low friction surface is used to confine the forward-driven web over the driven surface in an enlarged confining region. Downstream of this confining region retarding forces are applied to cause compressed material to accumulate in the confining region so that the forward-driven untreated material longitudinally compresses against previously compressed material before it leaves the confining region.
  • the forward-driven web is exposed successively to a series of minor, discrete stepped enlargements of the space between the low-friction confining surface and the driven surface, these enlargements increasing progressively along the travel direction in minor amounts, thereby presenting to the traveling web a series of adjacent, dimensionally similar zones in which longitudinal compressive treatment can occur.
  • the treatment can reliably occur in the confining region, but in different ones of the series of adjacent similar zones that make up the confining region.
  • the web is exposed to at least two successive discrete stepped portions of the stationary surface in the drive region; the first step is employed to define a concentrated drive pressure point to press the web tightly against the driven surface to apply drive force and draw the web forward to overcome web supply tension.
  • the portion of the web extending downstream from this first step is confined and continues movement with the drive surface in a relatively tensionless state, essentially without compaction or slippage of the web relative to the driven surface.
  • the following second step is used to enlarge the height between the stationary surface and the driven surface to present to the web a sufficiently enlarged confining zone in which longitudinal compressive treatment can occur, the edge at this second step being used to define a second concentrated drive pressure point to press the web against the driven surface, to drive the tensionless web forward against the accumulated compressed material.
  • the forward-driven web, starting at the second step is exposed successively to a series of minor, discrete stepped enlargements of the space between the low-friction stationary and the driven surfaces, to present to the traveling web a series of adjacent, dimensionally similar zones in which longitudinal compressive treatment can occur while the web is still confined beneath the low friction surface.
  • a stationary surface in the drive and confinement regions which presents to the web a series of essentially planar, smooth polished lands extending in the direction of the web travel and discrete, minor riser portions at the steps, with the riser portions extending at substantial angles to the planar lands and forming dams that resist backward migration of the compressed column; steps formed integrally in a single sheet form member as an extension of the pressing surface, preferably being of blue spring steel; steps of the order of 0.003 inches height; portions of the stationary low friction surface between adjacent steps extending longitudinally in length between about 10 and 30 times the amount of the rise of each step, preferably being of the order of 0.050 inches long; for treatment of certain predetermined web materials, the height of each step being no more than about one third of the thickness of the material; the stationary surface presenting to the web at least three of the minute steps that bound longitudinal compressive treatment zones; and where a retarding surface follows the confining surface, providing a minor step at the point of transfer of the web from the confin
  • the final lip of the retarder is provided with flutes to impose a fine pattern of longitudinal lines in the finished web.
  • the retarding surface is in the form of thick fingers, with bubble-forming chambers defined between the fingers.
  • decoupling is achieved by a strategically located hinge or notch formed in the sheet member at a point immediately downstream of the confining passage.
  • This hinge while enabling continuity between the web-confining and retarding surfaces, enables bending of the downstream end of the sheet-form member to produce selected levels of retarding force, without detrimentally transferring this force to the preceding confining passage. This can avoid tendencies to choke the flow of the material, avoid application of unwanted drive force at the outlet end of the confining passage, and help reduce wear of the primary confining surface.
  • the invention features fluid expansible envelope above a stationary retarding surface, which acts through a mediating member to deflect the retarding surface downward under control of air pressure while a member above the envelope resists its upward expansion.
  • a mediating member to deflect the retarding surface downward under control of air pressure while a member above the envelope resists its upward expansion.
  • this feature is employed in conjunction with the specially notched or hinged sheet-form member mentioned above.
  • the longitudinal compressive treatment can itself produce highly useful levels of heating in the web, through conversion of mechanical work energy to heat.
  • This aspect of the invention is of particular importance in respect of fabrics comprised of yarns or threads of thermoplastic polymers such as nylon and polyester.
  • the prewarmed condition of the fabric is maintained at a temperature of the order of 50° F below the recognized heat-set temperature range of the material, but ordinarily above 200° F, the speed through the treatment is maintained at about 15 yards per minute or faster and the web is chilled after passing through the compressive treatment.
  • the fabric emerges from this treatment it has a soft hand and does not exhibit harshness or heat strains that are associated with preheating to the heat-set range.
  • the material comprises nylon tricot knit fabric of a thickness of about .010 inch, the temperature of the web approaching the compressive treatment step is maintained in the range fo 240° F to 300° F, and the speed through the longitudinal compressive treatment is maintained in the range of 15 to 30 yards per minute; in another embodiment the material comprises polyester tricot knit fabric of a thickness of aboout .010 inch, the temperature of the web approaching the compressive treatment step is maintained in the range of 220° F to 280° F, and the speed through the longitudinal compressive treatment is also maintained in the range of 15 to 30 yards per minute.
  • the retarding member is of the drag-producing type having a pressure-sensitive longitudinal retarding characteristic which varies non-linearly with pressure of the fabric against the retarding surface.
  • the characteristic is such that a moderate pressure produces a strong longitudinal retarding effect while a light normal pressure produces only a light retarding effect.
  • the retarding surface is pressed to produce its stronger retarding effect at the upstream portion of the retarding surface and over a length of about 50 times the untreated thickness of the fabric, the retarding surface is pressed with decreasing pressure, to provide the lighter, and finally no retarding effect at the outer end.
  • the retarding element is a plasma coated metal surface.
  • the rounded nature of the projections provide the desired grip and release characteristics on very delicate fabrics that are susceptible to tearing or picking. With less delicate fabric correspondingly more aggressive retarding surfaces, as defined by sharp abrasive points found in fine emery cloth, are employed.
  • such processes are characterized by the steps of maintaining the material approaching the compressional treatment step at a temperature substantially below the process-demand level temperature and at a state of toughness adequate to enable the compressive treatment of the material to convert work energy to heating of the material to the process-demand level temperature, passing the material through the compressive treatment step under conditions to continually produce heat rise in the material to the process-demand level temperature, and relying upon such temperature rise in the completion of the process.
  • the material is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer
  • the process-demand lever of temperature is a temperature at which the material can permanently set under longitudinal compressive treatment conditions and the material has a heat set temperature of the order of 350° or higher, and includes the step of maintaining the prewarmed temperature of the material approaching the compressional treatment step at a temperature below about 300° F but above 200° F.
  • the material during longitudinal compressive treatment contains a volatile softening liquid and the process-demand level temperature is defined as a temperature required to enable evaporation of a major part of the volatile liquid when the web is exposed to ambient conditions.
  • the material comprises a paper web, the volatile liquid is substantially water, limited amounts of this water are applied so that the fibers of the web remain tough, and the process demand level temperature is determined by the drying requirement of the paper.
  • the longitudinally compressive treatment step is adapted to impart a regular effect to the web in which fibers of the web are bent into a finely, barely, perceptible microcrepe texture, and the process demand level temperature is selected to dry the kraft paper to permanently set the microcrepe texture; the concentration of liquid that remains in the web is measured as it leaves the process and the liquid applied to the web prior to the longitudinal compressive treatment step is regulated on the basis of that measurement.
  • Figs. 1-4 minutely stepped, polished stationary primary surface 10 lies over gripping surface 12 of driven roll 14 to form a confining passage in which compressive treatment of a web can occur.
  • Each cross-section rectangle represents an equal weight of web.
  • the web has uncompressed thickness, t o .
  • t o uncompressed thickness
  • an initial part of the stationary surface presses the web against roll surface 12 with pressure P, to cause roll 14 to grip and carry the web forward at roll speed S.
  • Progressing to the right are surface steps A, B and C, each followed by a respective polished land 1 1 , 1 2 and 1 3 . Spacings of the lands from gripping surface 12 enlarge progressively by the discrete minor amounts At of the steps, to allow the web to elastically expand or to be compressionally thickened in discrete, minute increments.
  • the web increases from pressed thickness tp to thicknesses t l , t 2 and t 3 .
  • the stepped surface can thus be considered to define with the roll surface 12 a series of dimensionally similar but progressively enlarging axially aligned cavities I, II and III.
  • Retarding means not shown, apply retarding forces R to the web at the downstream end of the last cavity.
  • Figs. 1-4 show the treatments of different webs in different cavities.
  • Fig. 1 after web 16 has entered under stationary surface 10, downward pressure is concentrated at the edge of step A, as suggested by the arrows P.
  • the first enlargement from tp to t 1 at step A accomodates elastic expansion of this particular web, the enlargement being insufficient to release the web from the gripping surface 12. Therefore, through cavity I the web remains longitudinally uncompressed and continues to move forward at roll speed S.
  • the edge at step B serves again as a concentration point for downward pressure against the driven roll.
  • step B As web 16 passes step B and enters cavity II in Fig. 1, it is confronted with an accumulated column of previously compressed web moving at a slower speed, S r . (When treatment commenced the compressed column has accumulated back to this point from the right due to the retarding forces R.) At cavity II the further enlargement in space between surfaces 12 and 10 and the opposition provided by the retarded columnm cause the web to slip relative to the moving gripping surface 12 while the web is compressed longitudinally and thickened. The compressed state is indicated by the narrower-width rectangles that follow step B.
  • the column of thickened and longitudinally compressed web is moved forward from step B at retarded speed S r .
  • Forces providing this movement are the driving force of the untreated material being delivered to the compressional point at step B and the forward drag forces applied by the driven gripping surface 12 as it slides forward under the compacted column in cavities II and III.
  • the compacted column reaches step C, it encounters a further minor enlargement At. Because of the compressed state of the web at this point, the web elastically expands from t 2 to t 3 to fill this small change in passage height with no tendency for the web to fold into gross pleats.
  • the further-thickened web moves through cavity III and past the retarding means, not shown. Beyond this point the longitudinally compressed web may be subjected to takeup tension to remove all but a desired degree of length compression while leaving in the web desired effects produced.by the treatment.
  • step B The point at which longitudinal compression of the web occurs, denoted by letter 0, is at step B in Fig. 1. If the treatment initially stabilizes at this step (as a result of the particular quality of web 16, its. conditions of treatment and the relationship of the treatment surfaces), then despite subsequent variation in the web 16 or its conditions of treatment, the point of treatment O will tend to remain stably at step B for the following reasons.
  • the web has been delivered with full speed to step B, the web thickness tl having been insufficient to permit the web to slip upon the gripping surface 12.
  • step B Immediately after step B, however, due to the discrete expansion of chamber II, albeit small, the degree of pressure of the web against the driven gripping surface 12 has suddenly decreased by a step value.
  • the retarding forces R applied at the far end of the confining passage and acting through the column of compressed material thus suddenly can become dominant.
  • the step at B can serve to stabilize the point of original treatment.
  • the minor size of the step at which treatment occurs avoids any tendency for the web to form gross folds or have its faces impaired as it is treated.
  • the compressive action pushes the web together in its own plane, while tending to splay and crinkle the individual fibers, threads or yarns.
  • the compressive action can produce microscopic undulations in the web itself, referred to as "microcreping".
  • the initial point of compaction may occur at step C. This may happen for instance because web 16' is stiffer or more dense or its original thickness is greater or because of the manner in which the operator has adjusted the treatment surfaces.
  • the web has proceeded through dimensions t , t l and t 2 it has expanded incrementally but still engages the driven gripping surface 12 with sufficient force so that no slippage has occurred.
  • the longitudinal compressive treatment conditions are satisfied and the web is compressed against the accumulated column of compressed web. Once established, the treatment will proceed with stability at step C, with frontal surface 11 of the step resisting rearward migration of the compressed column.
  • each cavity provides an important range of protection to the other in case conditions change to the extent to cause the point of treatment to shift. If the target setting during original adjustment of the machine surfaces is defined as the setting in which treatment may occur at either cavity with equal likelihood, then if instability occurs when treating in either cavity, the direction of migration of point O will normally by toward the other cavity. As the compressed column reaches the step of the other cavity, only a short distance away, the treatment will restabilize for the reasons previously mentioned. Thus each cavity provides a unique safety feature for the other cavity and permits much greater latitude in treatment conditions and operator error than has previously been possible.
  • a guide for selection can be obtained from the dimensions of the point in a confining passage at which longitudinal compressive action can be made to occur, as observed in a gradually diverging prior art passage. This point may occur, for instance, where the spacing of the confining surface corresponds to the thickness of the original unconfined web, to. Also, the degree of shift in location of the point of compression that occurs with a standard change in passage depth e.g. of .001" can then be observed. From these observations appropriate step heights can be determined for the particular web which is to be treated.
  • step heights At of the order of approximately .003 inch at steps A, B and C are appropriate in many instances to stably establish the point of treatment.
  • Figs. 1-3 allow the web material, in a sense, to find for itself the minute step at which the degree of expansion is sufficient to allow it to slow and be treated.
  • the point of initial treatment will tend to remain stable at that particular step but should conditions change considerably, the point of initial treatment may migrate to the next step.
  • the geometry is virtually a replication of the prior geometry to which the web was exposed, and the same treatment may continue with stability at the new step.
  • step B When the partially compressed material reaches step B the same phenomenon occurs again.
  • the web as it enters the expansion to t 2 in cavity II again undergoes a longitudinal compressional change, represented by 0 2 , and reaches a more compressed state than it had in cavity I.
  • the web stabilizes at a certain degree of thickening and continues forward at speed S r2 , a speed slower than that in cavity I, but faster than final speed S r3 .
  • the web arriving at step B is tensionless, hence the treatment at this stage is isolated from any disturbance that supply tension can cause.
  • the web undergoes still another longitudinal change, represented by 0 3 , as it passes into dimension t 3 and slows to final speed S r3 .
  • the incremented treatment of Fig. 4 exposes the web to compressional action over an extended length (still only a fraction of an inch), with vary desirable consequences. In cases where the treatment is strongly time dependent, this extended length enables a faster throughput speed. In cases in which the fabric is non-uniform as in the case of skewed or unusually large fibers or threads in certain materials, the staged compression provides more time for the web to adjust itself and for it to find a point where the treatment of the non-uniform parts can be smoothly completed while the web is still properly confined. In other cases, the staged treatment enables a smoother gripping surface to be employed and thus can reduce any tendency for the gripping surface to abrade the web.
  • Figure 5 shows machine elements which can achieve the cavities of Figures 1 through 4.
  • Surface 12 of driven roll 14 is plasma coated with tungsten carbide particles to provide a surface roughness preferably in the range of about 90 to 130 microinches A.A. (arithmetical average, as established by a profilometer).
  • a low-friction sheet-form primary member 18 which defines the steps A, B, and C and terminates at tip 19.
  • Stationary member 18 is a planar sheet of blue spring steel SAE 1095 having nominal thickness do of .010 inch; sheet member 20 (or a number of sheets held face to face) is of the same steel and may have an aggregate thickness from about .010 to .030 inch depending upon the degree of pressures to be produced in the treatment cavities. Sheet member 18 has the series of steps formed in its under surface by machine grinding.
  • the end portion of member 18 is first ground to remove .007 inch thickness, to establish the thickness d 3 at tip 19 of .003 inch, and to provide land 1 3 of .050 inch length.
  • the original thickness is reduced to thickness d 2 of .006 inch to provide land 1 2 of length .050 inch.
  • step C between lands 1 2 and 1 3 has a height of .003 inch.
  • the final grinding step to form land 1 1 of length also of .050 inch, reduces the thickness to d 1 of .009 inch to establish the step height of .003 inch between lands 1 1 and 1 2 at B.
  • Between the original surface and land 1 1 step A has a height of .001 inch. (With a .012 inch nominal thickness member step height at A would be .003 inch.)
  • sheet members 18 and 20 are held together at the left on a stationary support 22 by means such as shown in Fig. 8.
  • members 18 and 20 extend horizontally, and are tangent to the top of driven roll 14 at center line .
  • a presser member 24 (see also Fig. 8) engages the upper surface of sheet member 20 at a point which lies distance X upstream from tip 19 of sheet member 18, and distance Y downstream from the center line . (In the embodiment, X is .025 inch and Y .150 inch).
  • Backup member 20 distributes the pressure over primary member 18.
  • the sheet members 18, 20 can deflect to cause lands 1 1 , 1 2 and l 3 .to converge slightly toward the surface of the roll, as shown in Fig. 6. This helps in establishing the edges at steps A, B and C as pressure concentration points.
  • Fig. 6 there is a slight angle of convergence between the driven gripping surface 12 and each land 1 of the sheet member 18.
  • the resulting increase in downward force on the web 16 as it approaches each step is indicated by the increasing size of downward arrows P and the concentrated drive forces at the steps are denoted by horizontal arrows F.
  • the resulting strength of the drive forces can overcome very strong tension forces T, as may be applied to the web to keep certain webs straight and unwrinkled when entering the treatment.
  • the multiple drive edges thus improve both the driving and the treatment of the web and make the treatment immune to variations that hitherto have disrupted treatment.
  • the multiple stepped construction has other advantages as well.
  • the concentration of perpendicular forces at the series of steps can "iron" the web to assure that the web uniformly engages the drive roll despite variations in thickness of the web.
  • the multiple edges at the steps can have desirable softening effects upon such webs as papers and nonwovens by helping to break fibers bonds and free individual fibers, an action useful to prepare the web for subsequent treatment.
  • Reduced friction provided by the stationary multi-stepped surface can reduce shear effects on the web and help the web move straight through the retarding passage.
  • Fig. 7 is similar to Fig. 6 except that a stationary frictional retarding surface 21 is diagrammatically shown beyond cavity III and the web is illustrated as a solid stiff sheet to be subjected to microcreping.
  • the enlargements of cavities I, II and III are all insufficient to permit longitudinal compression of the web.
  • the web as it passes under the edge defining the final enlarged step D is thrust against an accumulated column of compressed material and longitudinal compression is shown to occur at this point, in the form of fine microcreping of the sheet.
  • the arrangement of multiple concentrated lines of feed pressure provided by edges at steps A, B, C and D can assure uniform treatment of webs that are very difficult to drive, e.g., dense papers in the dry state.
  • Figs. 9 and 9a the arrangement of Figs. 5 and 6 is illustrated in detail in conjunction with a member that provides a stationary frictional retarding surface.
  • a pair of .010 inch thick blue spring steel sheet form members 20 and 22 lie face-to-face with primary member 18 and extend beyond its tip 19 a distance E of the order of one half inch.
  • the under surface of lower member 20 that extends beyond tip 19 is plasma coated with tungsten carbide particles to provide the desired frictional qualities (roughness preferably in the range of 90 to 130 microinch A.A., the same as gripping surface 12 of steel roll 14).
  • Primary member 18 and sheets 20 and 22 are held together in holder 26 generally tangent with the top of drive roll 14 and are adjustable horizontally as a unit (horizontal arrows).
  • Presser member 24, a thick blue spring steel member, also held by holder 26, has a precisely formed square edge 24' that is parallel with the roll axis and is positioned horizontally between final step C and tip 19 of primary member 18.
  • presser member 24 moves horizontally with the sheet members 18, 20, 22, compare Figs. 9 and 9a.
  • the dimensions of sheet member 18 may be as in Fig. 5 or as in Fig. 9c sheet member 18 may have an original thickness d' of .012 inch and the step heights ⁇ t 1 , ⁇ t 2 and At 3 as well as tip thickness ⁇ t t may all be .003 inch; in other embodiments the step heights and land lengths can differ from each other.
  • web 16 is drawn from supply roll 28, Fig. 8, under supply tension T controlled by braked nip roll 30, the web is led over gripping surface 12 of roll 14, and thence to take up roll 32 which is driven by drive 34 so that its surface speed is maintained at a constant fraction (e.g. 85 percent) of the speed of roll surface 12.
  • Fig. 9a shows in plan view the relation of the presser edge 24' in advance of the minute steps A, B, and C for achieving the desired convergence of the lands 1 1 , 1 2 and 1 3 .
  • Figs. 9 or 9a the treatment can proceed as previously described, with the steps allowing the web to seek its own place to compact and with the initial minute step or steps serving to define drive pressure lines.
  • the final lip of the cavity member is specially fluted to impart a slight linear pattern much like a pinstripe to the fabric. This can mask defects in the treated fabric or provide a desired pattern.
  • the lip is knurled with a 22 per inch pitch, P, knurling tool with the resulting convex side of the lip engaged with the fabric.
  • the element defining the retarding surface is somewhat deformable to accommodate the high points of the lip. The web as it emerges is forced into the periodic depressions at these points, to provide the desired pattern.
  • the effective thickness of the lip t' is greater than in the nonfluted case, see Fig. 9c.
  • Figs. 10-12 are examples.
  • a retarder blade 40 is positioned to divert the web away from roll surface 12.
  • a sheet-form member 42 lying over primary member 18 has an extension 42a which bends to follow the surface of blade 40, to form therewith a retarding passage.
  • resilient nipping action in the retarding passage can cause a compacted column of web to extend back to and past the tip 19 of the primary member 18, to apply retarding forces R.
  • Sheet member 42 may be blue spring steel of .010 or .020 inch thickness.
  • a notch 44 is provided in its upper surface slightly beyond tip 19 of primary member 18. This notch provides a hinge point which allows the downstream part of member 42 to freely bend to the contour of blade 40, to present a smooth stable surface to the web, while allowing the upstream part of member 42 to have sufficient strength and uniformity to provide the needed backing to the primary member 18.
  • the tip of the retarder blade is inserted under the last land 1 3 of the primary member.
  • the last portion of the primary member itself makes the angular transition and serves as the flexible retarder in opposition to the retarder blade 40.
  • a driven roll 14' having circumferential grooves spaced periodically along its length is shown in conjunction with a comb retarder 42.
  • the teeth of the comb are inserted in the grooves and ensure that the web is smoothly diverted through a path similar to that of Fig. 10.
  • the minute steps of the primary member 18 serve their functions as described above.
  • a very fine crepe texture is applied to the web.
  • a retarding roll 15 is mounted in parallel over drive roll 14. As indicated by the arrows, surface speed S l of retarder roll 15 is slower than speed S of drive roll 14.
  • Retarder roll 15 has a web gripping surface which engages the web as it emerges from under primary member 18. The slowing action of retarder roll 15 on the web causes the retarding forces R to be presented at the tip 19 of the primary member.
  • Figs. 13 and 13a illustrate the possibility of use of a relatively broad presser surface 24' which spreads the pressing force.
  • the corners A, B, C still act to concentrate the drive forces in definite lines.
  • This structure also enables a substantial increase in bulk of the final treated fabric while retaining the fineness of treatment.
  • Sheet member 20a (.010 inch thick blue spring steel), which acts as a backing plate for the primary member 18 and has a downstream section 20b that provides the retarder surface 21, also has a decoupling hinge-forming notch 23 in its upper surface (notch .005 inch deep, .035 inch wide). The notch is slightly downstream of both presser 24 (dimension H, 0.3 inch) and tip 19 of primary member 18 while it is upstream of retarder section 20b.
  • a device 44 which includes an air- expansible envelope 42 provides the pressure control with which the retarding surface 21 is pressed against the web.
  • This device includes a stiff sheet form member 40 (.020 inch thick, blue spring steel) held by holder (26, Fig. 5) face to face with sheet member 20.
  • member 40 serves as a reinforcement to transmit downward pressure from presser 24.
  • the extension 40a beyond presser 24 (dimension E, 2 1/2 inches, same for 20b) serves as a reaction member to direct the effect of air expansible envelope 42 downward against retarder 20b.
  • the envelope 42 is formed of a flexible, impermeable substantially inextensible sheet, (polyester film .003 inch thick). The top of the sheet, 42a, extends along the undersurface of member 40.
  • the sheet At the free end of member 40, at the right, the sheet extends down and the bottom part of the sheet extends back along the upper surface of retarder member.20b. Parts 42a and 42b are captured and sealed at the left between members 20a and 40.
  • the envelope extends parallel to the axis of roll 14 throughout the width of the machine and terminates at ends that are suitably sealed.
  • An air supply nipple 46 connected to the envelope through plate 40a is connected to variable air pressure control 47.
  • the assembly is brought into position over the roll, and with no air pressure in envelope 44 the presser member 24 is caused to apply its downward force.
  • the condition of feed can be inspected to ensure that primary member 18 is feeding properly.
  • the operator can then gradually apply air pressure to the expansible envelope 44 to press retarding surface 21 into engagement with the traveling web until suitable compressional treatment is obtained.
  • any non-uniformities in the expansive action of the air envelope such as a tendency for the bottom of the envelope to become round when expanded, are mediated by the intervening cantilever spring sheet member 20b.
  • This member bends down gradually in a curvature approximating the curvature of the roll, to provide the desired controllable retarding action.
  • Fig. 14 Prior to step A, the untreated web U is longitudinally uncompressed. It was exposed to slight supply tension. Following the impression left by step A the web remains essentially uncompressed but the yarns appear slightly thickened, indicating that the tension on the web has been released and that the web is relaxed. At step B a high degree of longitudinal compression can be seen to have occurred, and at step C some additional longitudinal compression has been added. Beyond the tip D of the primary member the web appears to have the same degree of longitudinal compression as it did prior to reaching the tip.
  • a similar polyester web was treated with a primary member having 8 minute steps.
  • the imprint of a number of these steps is seen in the view of Fig. 16.
  • Most of the longitudinal compression can be seen to have occurred in two adjacent cavities following the imprint in the untreated web of a number of the prior steps.
  • Fig. 17 is a photographic view magnified to the same scale of Figs. 15 and 16 of a nonwoven web, known as "spun bounded".
  • thermoplastic monofilaments layed randomly in a mat are then calendared under heavy pressure and heat to bond the crossing fibers together without use of an adhesive agent.
  • This web was longitudinally compressed according to the invention, with the results being similar to a combination of the results described for Figs. 4 and 7.
  • the fibers were gathered longitudinally and reoriented.
  • tip D a minute microcrepe texture was added.
  • the untreated web had been stiff and harsh.
  • the treated web was observed to be pliable, conformable (important for its use in upholstered furniture) and, unlike the untreated web, it made no noise when flexed.
  • Fig. 18 there is a view similar to Figs. 15-17 of a nonwoven web (a tablecloth material) formed by wet laying of cellulose fibers on a paper making machine, using a synthetic resin binder.
  • the effect of the steps of the primary member has been to apply multiple discrete lines of feed pressure.
  • step D the end of primary member 18, an extremely fine microcrepe effect was formed as can be perceived in this magnified view.
  • the difference in the two letters "X" which appear in the photo are a measure of the degree of lengthwise compression.
  • Another capability of the invention is to produce longitudinally compressed fabric in stripes.
  • Figs. 19, 20 and 20a stripes of compressed fabric are shown at 50 while uncompressed portions lying between the stripes are controllably gathered in bubbles 52 to produce an overall plisse effect.
  • the treatment surfaces are as shown in Fig. 20.
  • the primary member 18 corresponds to Fig. 5.
  • An inextensible, stationary retarding sheet member 20' defines the retarding surface 21 in accordance with Fig. 9, but it is in the form of spaced fingers 54 that have width of the desired stripes of compression, see Fig. 19.
  • the retarding surface 21 produces retarding forces at the end of the primary member 18 while longitudinal, compressive treatment for these stripes occurs at point O, at step B.
  • the friction surface 21 is chosen to be quite aggressive in order to sufficiently engage the web. Emery cloth can be used as the retarder surface in this case.
  • the retarding sheet member 20' has cutouts at 56, Figs. 19 and 20a which extend from the forward edge, back under presser member 24.
  • This sheet member 20' has a thickness d 2 corresponding to the height of the desired bubbles.
  • Sheet member 22, lying over retarding member 20' is continuous across the full width of the machine. Where it overlies the cutouts 56, the sheet member-22 defines with gripping surface 12 of the roll, bubble gathering chambers, and member 22 serves to limit the height of the bubbles that are formed.
  • the operation as the web is longitudinally compressed at point O in line with the retarding fingers, Figs. 19, 20, the adjacent web is caused to gather in the desired bubbles in the gathering chambers as shown in Figs. 19 and 20a.
  • the final fabric retains the pattern shown. Ft will be understood, however, that during the treatment a much greater degree of longitudinal compression can be applied to the web than may be allowed to remain after the web is withdrawn from the treatment under controlled tension conditions.
  • FIG. 19a An important product formed by the technique illustrated in Figs. 19 and 19a is an inexpensive knit fabric.
  • the fabric provides a ready stretchiness that in clothes permits wearer comfort. In the case of child's clothes, the clothes can .expand to fit as the child grows without ever exerting undue or uncomfortable tightness to the child and without being loose.
  • a specific example is a tubular knit, 100 percent polyester fabric, having alternating monofilament and multifilament yarns, which is slit and processed in the open width. It has an untreated weight of 6.3 square yards per pound and a compacted weight of 4.6 square yards per pound. The fabric has 22 courses per inch before compacting and averages 27 courses per inch after compacting. Heat setting of the striped compaction by methods described below ensures that clothing made from such cloth is highly stable and retains its shape after a number of washings.
  • Webs usually are treated to render them highly plastic before entering a longitudinal compressive treatment. It is found if the treatment is limited to retain a degree of toughness in the substance of the web, the compressive treatment can be employed to generate heat through dissipation of work energy to meet a temperature demand of the web treating process. For instance prewarming of a plastic web can be limited to retain the desired toughness or the moistening of paper can be regulated for this purpose.
  • work refers to the definition in physics, of force acting through distance.
  • the mechanical treatment may impart little work and there will be an insignificant heat rise attributable to work in the web.
  • work that is expended may go mainly into elastic deformation of the web which does not dissipate heat, or alternatively the web may suddenly buckle under compressional forces, and again there may be insignificant conversion of work into heat energy.
  • the fibers or other substance of the web are capable of being desirably deformed by yielding under compressional treatment conditions, but the yielding occurs with a degree of internal resistance that requires "work" on the web to be dissipated.
  • the interior substance of the web (or at least the component fibers at the points in which the microcreping action is concentrated) can be correspondingly heated significantly due to internal friction.
  • This friction may occur because of movement of the individual fibers against one another in the web during the fiber rearrangement of the compressional treatment as well as because of internal friction within the body of the tiny fibers themselves.
  • We have discovered that the amount of such heat can be depended upon to meet a process demand level of heating.
  • the number of factors affecting the desired plasticity or toughness for reaching a desired temperature level vary from material to material. Still, for a given material, these factors are partly known, as from tables of properties for thermoplastics, and can be determined, e.g., by subjecting a selected web to test using a standardized laboratory microcreper system and conducting a simple parametric analysis by progressively differing moisture level, temperature level, and other parameters of the process.
  • kraft paper for instance one can determine moisture to be the principal factor affecting plasticity (and temperature a secondary factor) and the amount of moisture (and the temperature if desired) of the paper can be regulated (for various weights of kraft paper to around 20 percent total moisture by weight) to achieve a suitable level of plasticity for this aspect of the invention.
  • an optimum web temperature to establish the desired limited plasticity is around 250°F.
  • the work-generated temperature rise is not only plasticity-dependent but is also dependent upon the speed at which the process is conducted. Over a range, a higher temperature level is reached the faster the process is conducted. We believe this to be due to heat loss to the relatively cool driven roll, as this roll must be kept at a low temperature in order to maintain the desired limit to plasticity of the web as it enters the treatment.
  • An upper speed limit may similarly be established for a material. For instance, if the web passes through the machine too quickly the mechanical treatment may to some extent result in elastic shock -rather than permanent deformation (mechanical working) of the material. In this case too high a speed may not heat the web as much as a lower speed; in other cases, too high a speed may result in overheating and production of unwanted glazed characteristics or the like in the material being treated, or may not allow adequate visual inspection during the process.
  • the preferred operational temperature for the driven roll is in the range of 220 to 280°F, the optimum usually between 240° and 280°F, and the preferred operational speed is in the range of 15 to 50 ypm, preferably between 15 and 20 ypm.
  • the same speed range applies with the temperature range for the roll of 240° to 300°F and the optimum usually between 270 and 280°F.
  • the compressive treatment of the material is automatically permanently set by the compressive treatment itself.
  • An additional step of passing the compressively treated web through electric or oil or gas-fired heat-set ovens on costly tentering frames may thus be avoided and the compressional treatment can be the last treatment-of the fabric.
  • the level of preheating of the web prior to the treatment avoiding introducing the web at a high level of plasticity, gives a web that is must easier to handle, distortion tendencies are avoided and a softer and better treatment can be obtained.
  • this heat generation and use aspect of the invention also has particular application to the microcreping of paper.
  • creping kraft paper for the purpose of increasing its burst strength, it has been customary to add moisture to bring the paper to a plastic condition, to crepe the paper, and then to pass it through oil-fired hot dryers to remove the moisture.
  • the drying step has been a very detrimental cost.
  • the microcreping process and the moisture content of the paper are appropriately balanced so that the mechanical process itself raises the paper substantially to the drying temperature, and large driers are no longer needed.
  • a proper roll of microcreped paper can thus be obtained by directly winding the output of the microcreper or similar processor.
  • Fig. 21 shows a system for conducting the longitudinal compressive treatment of relatively cool thermoplastic webs to achieve permanent setting without need of separate heat setting following the treatment.
  • the driven roll 14, holder assembly 26, primary 18, retarder 20', and backing plate 22 are constructed as shown in Figures 8 and 9 and the cross-section of Figure 20.
  • Roll 14 is driven by variable speed motor 80 via belt 82 and is heated internally by a flow of heated liquid from source 84 to establish a stable relatively low temperature h r at roll surface 12.
  • Presser 24 presses the primary.18 and retarding member 20' down against the top of roll 14.
  • a web supply roll 86 is rotatably mounted on axle 88 in slot 90. Slot 90 is slightly inclined and ensures that supply roll 86 constantly bears against the drive roll 14 as roll 86 diminishes in size.
  • Web is transferred from roll 86 directly to driven roll 18 as driven roll turns in direction S.
  • Means not shown maintain the axis of roll 86 parallel with the axis of driven roll 14.
  • Brakes 92 acting on opposite ends of axle 88 retard the rotation of supply roll 86 to apply supply tension T to the web 16 as it approaches the treatment head.
  • Treated web 16 t soon after it emerges from under the retarding surface 21, leaves roll 14 and engages in succession idler rolls 94 and 96 and then passes under winding roll 98 to take-up roll 100.
  • Take-up roll 100 has its axle mounted in angled slots 102 similar to slots 90 for the driven supply roll, allowing rightward and slightly upward movement of the take-up roll 100 as it grows in size while ensuring its contact at all times with winding roll 98.
  • Winding roll 98 is driven via belt 104 and via positive infinitely variable drive mechanism 106, which in turn is directly driven via belt 108 by driven roll 14.
  • Winding roll 98 drives idler 94 by belt 110 and idler 96 by cross belt 112.
  • the ratio of the drives of the idler rolls 94, 96 relative to winding roll 98 is preset to be slightly (e.g. 5%) slower than the surface speed of the winding roll.
  • the positive infinitely variable drive mechanism 106 can be adjusted so that the winding roll will turn at the desired speed ratio relative to the surface speed of driven roll 14. Differences in speeds may range from a few percent to as much as 15 or 20 percent, depending upon the desired treatment for the fabric.
  • the supply roll 86 comprises a warp knit nylon tricot fabric of thickness between .009 and .010 inch, formed of 40 denier yarn, each yarn formed by e.g. 12 fine monofilaments, there being 49 courses (lengthwise) per inch and 48 wales (crosswise) per inch.
  • the heat set temperature is of the order of 350°F.
  • the heat source 84 is regulated to maintain the roll surface at temperature h of 280°.
  • Tha cooling liquid at source l14 is maintained at 35°F.
  • the retarding member 20 provides retarding surface 21 in the form of the plasma coated particles on a spring steel substrate of .010 inch thickness, the coated surface presenting a surface roughness of between 110 and 120 micro inches AA.
  • Dimension X (see Figure 5) is set in the range of .020 to .125 inch (the smaller dimensions being employed when the corners of the steps are slightly rounded to provide less drag on the web).
  • the extent E (see Figure 9) of the retarding surface beyond the tip of the presser 24 is 1/2 inch.
  • the web as it is transferred from the supply roll 86 to driven roll 14 has temperature h significantly above ambient temperature because of the heating of a certain depth of roll 86 due to its continuous contact with roll 14.
  • the delivered layer of web travels with heated gripping surface 12 of roll 14 it quickly rises in temperature so that its temperature h 2 , before its treatment, corresponds with that of the roll, h r .
  • a sudden rise in temperature of the web to h 3 occurs e.g. at treatment point O. Fig. 1, as a result of the rapid mechanical working of the longitudinally extending yarns as illustrated in Figures 22 and 23.
  • an individual longitudinally extending fiber of the fabric is exposed to a retarding force R and a drive force F.
  • This fiber at the preselected temperature of the roll, retains structural toughness to resist bending and requires work to be performed as it is bent at a to the crimped condition of Fig. 23.
  • Heat is generated at each crimping point g in the fibers (the exact points where the heat setting effect is subsequently required), these crimping points being concentrated across the machine at treatment point 0.
  • Friction at the retarding surface 21 and roll surface 12 can have added heating effects. Multiple cavity treatments may extend the time over which the heating occurs.
  • the web Immediately after leaving the retarding surface 21, for instance after only 1 or 2 degrees of rotation of the roll 14, the web leaves the roll and in succession engages chilled rolls 94, 96, and 98, and then is wound on roll 100. Through the course of these engagements, the web is chilled rapidly to ambient temperature to establish the set condition.
  • the unique self-heat set treatment illustrated has many desirable features.
  • the web is preheated by contact with the driven roll, and moves over to it directly, with no chance to wrinkle or neck down in width more than a small percentage.
  • By allowing the web to remain at a relatively low temperature until it reaches the treatment there is no chance of undesirable melting or glazing of the web surface and thus no damage to the web.
  • By the use of chilled rolls immediately following the treatment the web is suddenly shocked to a low temperature which improves the stability of treatment. Since the web is rewound after only a few feet of travel from the driven roll 12 there is little chance for necking-in of the fabric following treatment. Also the disadvantageous costs of separate heat setting and tentering are avoided and the entire process is conducted in a very energy efficient manner.
  • the treatment just described is useful for woven fabrics made of synthetic thermoplastic yarns and also is useful on non-woven webs when formed of thermoplastic fibers or substances of similar quality.
  • the system described takes advantage of the wide range capabilities provided by the minutely stepped primary surface 18.
  • heat set requirements or the nature of the treatment requires change in the temperature of the roll to change the temperature and plasticity of the web, such changes can be automatically accommodated by the actions described above in respect of Figs. 1-4 and 6 and 7.
  • the hinge and air envelope features described in connection with Figs. 13 and 13a are employed in the automatic heat-set system.
  • Fig. 24 shows a system for longitudinal compressive treatment or microcreping of a kraft paper web which controls moisture application to achieve the needed limited plasticity. Subsequent removal of the conditioning moisture occurs without need for a special large dryer.
  • the driven serrated roll 14', holder assembly 26, primary 18, backing member 42, 42a, presser 24, and retarding comb 43 are constructed as shown in Fig. 8, as modified by Fig. 11.
  • Roll 14' is driven by motor 80.
  • Presser 24 presses the primary 18 and backing member 42 down against the top of serrated roll 14'.
  • a web supply roll 120 on unwind stand 124 supplies paper web to be treated while rewind stand 126 rewinds the treated web onto take-up roll 128. From supply roll 120 the untreated web passes idler 122 and moistening unit 132 (Dahlgren Liquid Application System, Dahlgren Manufacturing Company, Dallas, Texas) and proceeds to bowed spreader roll.134, to idlers 136 and 138 and thence to the serrated driven roll 14'.
  • the microcreped web upon leaving the treatment cavity passes over idler roll 140 and thence to the rewind stand 126.
  • the web passes over a set of idlers to driven winding roll 142 and thence to the take-up roll 128.
  • Roll 128 is constantly driven at the surface speed of the winding roll in the manner mentioned for Fig. 21.
  • First and second moisture detection devices 144 and 146 are employed. Detector 144 detects the moisture of the untreated web following the moistening device 132 and preceding the compressive treatment. Detector 146 detects the moisture content of the treated web immediately before it is rewound.
  • the detection signals from detectors 144 and 146 are applied to control device 148.
  • the control device 148 generates a moisture command signal which is applied to control unit 150 for regulating the amount of moisture applied by unit 132 to the untreated web to maintain the added moisture at a level which is removed by the heat rise of the compressive action, while maintaining moisture level M 2 in the predetermined range of plasticity for achieving the desired treatment.
  • Signal over lead 152 is applied by the control unit to the motor 80 for varying the speed of the web through the machine, as here again more heat can be generated, the faster the treatment occurs.
  • Additional moisture detector 154 and accessory heated roll 156 may be employed following the treatment and preceeding the rewind mechanism.
  • the moistening device is constructed to ensure that moisture applied to the web is uniformly distributed through the web thickness (where for any particular web the moistening unit is inadequate, accessory devices such as a steamer or a heated roll following the moistener can ensure that the moisture permeates through the entire web thickness.)
  • the moisture profile of the web as it passes through the treatment varies as follows.
  • the moisture content M of the untreated web is due to ambient conditions, as the web comes from the supply roll, e.g. 5% moisture by weight.
  • the moisture content M 1 following the moistening unit has increased by an amount required to reach the plasticity range needed for he particular compressive treatment (range determined by practical test for any particular web and regulated by control unit 148 in accordance with control techniques that are known). With kraft paper, (60 pound weight paper) the moisture content at M 1 may range around 20%.
  • the moisture of the web M 2 as it travels over the driven roll 14' to treatment continues or may drop somewhat from the M 1 level. Heat generated as the microcreping treatment occurs at the cavity (treatment speed e.g.
  • auxiliary heat system e.g. heated roll 156
  • detector 146 is used in the control circuit for auxiliary heated roll 156 in accordance with usual control technology.
  • Kraft paper treated according to the invention can receive a permanent fine microcrepe texture which resists being pulled out when subjected to loads (requires substantial work to be performed). For instance when the paper is used to form a bag for merchandise, in comparison to untreated paper, much more work must be performed by the load in respect of the treated paper before the bursting limit is reached, hence the paper is stronger for its intended purpose.
  • the process is extremely energy-efficient, as a relatively small amount of moisture is required to condition the paper for treatment and at least a substantial portion of this added moisture is removed as the result of the mechanical longitudinal treatment itself.
  • the minutely stepped primary surface, supra, and in particular the multiple lines of feed and the isolation of the treatment from web supply tension as described in connection with Figs. 6 and 7 is very advantageous to the process, and enables the plasticity of the web and other starting conditions to be varied over an operating range to accommodate the needs of the self-drying aspect of the process.
  • the bladeless machine as depicted in Figs. 22 and 22a, is advantageously employed in the treatment of kraft paper.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
EP81106096A 1980-08-05 1981-08-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum longitudinalen Zusammendrücken von Bahnen Withdrawn EP0047397A1 (de)

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US175428 1998-10-20

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2530684A1 (fr) * 1982-03-19 1984-01-27 Walton Richard Procede et machine de traitement d'une matiere en nappe par compression longitunale
US4859169A (en) * 1986-11-20 1989-08-22 Richard R. Walton Web processing by longitudinal compression using matched drive disks and retarding fingers
US4921643A (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-05-01 Richard R. Walton Web processing with two mated rolls
US6835264B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-12-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for producing creped nonwoven webs
IT201700035253A1 (it) * 2017-03-30 2018-09-30 Sintec Textile S R L Procedimento e macchina di termofissaggio di tessuti

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5117540A (en) * 1990-09-24 1992-06-02 Richard R. Walton Longitudinal compressive treatment of web materials
CN117923140B (zh) * 2024-03-25 2024-06-04 烟台鑫泰汽车配件有限公司 具有压缩功能的纱线运输设备

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3390218A (en) * 1964-10-06 1968-06-25 Johnson & Johnson Method of pleating sheet materials
US3556921A (en) * 1964-06-15 1971-01-19 Johnson & Johnson Mechanically compressed extensible fabric
US3641234A (en) * 1970-04-15 1972-02-08 Bancroft & Sons Co J Mechanical treatment of material
US3869768A (en) * 1971-02-16 1975-03-11 Said Walton By Said Munchbach Methods of compressively treating flexible sheet materials
US3975806A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-08-24 Richard Rhodes Walton Apparatus for compressively treating flexible sheet materials
FR2361222A1 (fr) * 1976-08-11 1978-03-10 Tilburg Jan Van Procede de traitement de matiere en feuille et en particulier de crepage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3556921A (en) * 1964-06-15 1971-01-19 Johnson & Johnson Mechanically compressed extensible fabric
US3390218A (en) * 1964-10-06 1968-06-25 Johnson & Johnson Method of pleating sheet materials
US3641234A (en) * 1970-04-15 1972-02-08 Bancroft & Sons Co J Mechanical treatment of material
US3869768A (en) * 1971-02-16 1975-03-11 Said Walton By Said Munchbach Methods of compressively treating flexible sheet materials
US3975806A (en) * 1973-02-07 1976-08-24 Richard Rhodes Walton Apparatus for compressively treating flexible sheet materials
FR2361222A1 (fr) * 1976-08-11 1978-03-10 Tilburg Jan Van Procede de traitement de matiere en feuille et en particulier de crepage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2530684A1 (fr) * 1982-03-19 1984-01-27 Walton Richard Procede et machine de traitement d'une matiere en nappe par compression longitunale
US4859169A (en) * 1986-11-20 1989-08-22 Richard R. Walton Web processing by longitudinal compression using matched drive disks and retarding fingers
US4921643A (en) * 1988-06-24 1990-05-01 Richard R. Walton Web processing with two mated rolls
US6835264B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2004-12-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for producing creped nonwoven webs
IT201700035253A1 (it) * 2017-03-30 2018-09-30 Sintec Textile S R L Procedimento e macchina di termofissaggio di tessuti

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FI812414L (fi) 1982-02-06
CA1167627A (en) 1984-05-22

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