EP0042957B1 - Fuse for spinning projectiles - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a detonator for swirl projectiles according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such an igniter is known from DE-A-23 36 880. In this known detonator, however, all the disassembly balls are already in their working positions from the outset, so that the ball carrier allows the rotor to swivel into the ignition position immediately after leaving the muzzle.

In the case of another detonator known from GB-A-10 60 228, the detonator safety can be canceled immediately after leaving the mouth. In this detonator, the ball carrier lifts off the locking slide of the ignition needle immediately upon leaving the tube through the disassembly balls located in their working position. On the trajectory, vibrations can occur in the ignition system as a result of projectile imbalance, during which the relatively unstable equilibrium, which the slide takes up in the central position when the pins are unlocked, change into a stable equilibrium, as a result of which the locking slide can assume the unlocked position of the ignition needle at an early stage. As a result, the ignition chain can be triggered immediately after leaving the pipe and within a pre-pipe safety time.

DE-A-27 13 526 discloses a detonator suitable for the use of large-caliber projectiles, in which, in addition to a front pipe protection system that can only be used in a low speed range, consisting of an asymmetrically and eccentrically arranged mass system of disks, an axially parallel rear-view bolt as a safety device a second rotor lock consisting of a swivel plate is provided. It is necessary to lock this recoil bolt in the unlocked position of the swivel plate due to the low projectile speed, so that a trouble-free swiveling out of the swivel plate from the safety of the rotor can be guaranteed. This requires additional space-consuming locking means that engage in the recess of the rear firing pin.

The present invention has for its object to provide a detonator for swirl projectiles with a high rotational speed with a rotor that meets increased safety requirements, namely that the rotor carrying the detonator should remain in the safe position until the pre-pipe safety time has elapsed after leaving the pipe mouth, within which the detonator may not be armed and preclude an unintentional ignition in safe condition. Furthermore, the rotor should be locked by two separate, independent locks, which are unlocked if possible by different physical variables acting on the projectile, whereby one of these locks can already be unlocked during the launch, while the second lock can only be unlocked by another bullet or trajectory-specific force after the end of the downtube or safety phase allows the rotor to pivot into the ignition position.

Increased safety requirements of the detonator also mean measures which increase the sensitivity and which ultimately guarantee the detonator's self-dismantling, provided it does not respond to a target.

This object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1.

The solution advantageously creates two independent rotor safety systems of an igniter for swirl projectiles with a high rotational speed which act independently of one another and correspond to all safety requirements. Due to the fact that with the first rotor lock under the influence of rotation, all disassembly balls are required to lift the ball carrier, the rotor can advantageously only pivot into the ignition position after the release of at least one disassembly ball that is secured in the bottom of a bore, which precludes premature ignition within the pre-pipe safety time .

Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Characterized in that the spring-loaded mass pin designed as a second safety device, with coordination of the spring constants of the compression spring and the friction coefficient of the mass pin in the bore, also taking into account the projectile delay occurring on the further flight path, can no longer return to its starting position due to the influence of the rotational forces , advantageously results in a simple and space-saving second rotor safety device, in which additional means for locking the ground pin and for securing the rotor are unnecessary.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

• Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt des Zünders ;
• Figur 2 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie A-B von Figur 1 ;
• Figur 3 eine Teildarstellung des in Figur 2 abgebildeten Schnitts mit Blick aus der mit X bezeichneten Richtung ;
• Figur4 eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie C-D von Figur 1 ;
• Figur einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie A-B von Figur 1 mit Darstellung eines Sperrstiftes.
• Figur einen Längsschnitt eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels des Zünders ;
• Figur 7 einen Querschnitt entlang der Linie A-B von Figur 6.

It shows:

• 1 shows a longitudinal section of the detonator;
• 2 shows a cross section along the line AB of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 shows a partial illustration of the section shown in FIG. 2 with a view from the direction denoted by X;
• Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line CD of Figure 1;
• Figure shows a cross section along the line AB of Figure 1 showing a locking pin.
• Figure a longitudinal section of a further embodiment of the igniter;
• FIG. 7 shows a cross section along the line AB from FIG. 6.

Figure 1 and Figure 6 show in longitudinal sections two embodiments of the invention Detonator for swirl projectiles. The igniter comprises in a cylinder body 22, 622 consisting of a plurality of screwed parts, an actuating device consisting of the disassembly spring 13, 613, the ball carrier 11, 611 and the needle carrier 16, 616, a rotor 20, 620 containing a pyrotechnic ignition charge 23, 623 and in rear part a transfer charge 24, 624. In securing the igniter, the disassembly spring 13, 613, which is supported on the cylinder body 22, 622, presses the ball carrier 11, 611 in the rear direction of the cylinder body 22, 622 such that the needle carrier 16 in FIG. 1 is on a flat surface of the rotor 20 of the rotor which is in a securing arrangement rests and in this way prevents the rotor 20 from rotating out of this securing arrangement and that the needle carrier 616 in FIG. 6 is pressed against the rotor 620 on the one hand and engages there in a flat recess 627 which engages in the outer jacket 626 of the rotor 620 is introduced, whereby a Ver. despite the high torque of the rotor rotation of the rotor 620 is prevented from this assurance. The securing of the rotor 20, 620 is also guaranteed by a further fuse which is independent of the actuating device 11, 13, 16, 611, 613, 616 and which is arranged in the rear part of the igniter body 22, 622. In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, this fuse consists of a ground pin 18, 618, which, loaded by a compression spring 19, 619, is slidably mounted in a bore 21, 621 running eccentrically parallel to the longitudinal axis. In securing the rotor 20, 620, the front part of the ground pin 18, 618 engages in a recess in the rotor 20, 620 and, in cooperation with the needle carrier 16, 616, prevents the actuating device 11, 13, 16, 611, 613, 616 Rotation of the rotor 20, 620 in its operative position. The two safety systems blocking the rotor 20, 620 engage diametrically lying in the rotor 20, 620 in such a way that the latter cannot move out of its securing, in particular also due to shock and vibration loads which can occur during transport and handling of the projectile . As drive means for activating the actuating device 11, 13, 16, 611, 613, 616, disassembly balls 6, 9, 10 are provided in FIG. 1, which are arranged in bores 8 of the ball support 11 and are supported on the ball bevel 12 of the ball support 17 while in FIG. 6, at most two disassembly balls 606 are provided, which are arranged on the bottom of bores 607, secured by the fuse by locking balls 604, 605. As a result of the centrifugal force occurring during the rotation of the cylinder body, these disassembly balls 6, 9, 10, 606 move, but 6 and 606 only after the release by the locking means 4, 5, 5 ', 604, 605 on the ball bevel 12, 612 in the radial direction migrate outward, moving the ball carrier 11, 611 together with the attached needle carrier 16, 616 against the force of the disassembly spring 13, 613 in the direction of the tip of the detonator body 22, 622.

As a result, the rotor 20, 620 is released from its securing, as will be explained in detail below, so that it can pivot into its operative position.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention - as can be seen in Figure 1 - two disassembly balls 9, 10 from the beginning, i. H. also arranged in the stored state of the igniter in its working position in the bores 8 of the ball carrier 11. These balls alone would not be sufficient to be able to lift the ball carrier 11, together with the needle carrier 16, under the influence of rotation against the pressure of the disassembly spring 13 from the contact surface on the rotor 20. For this purpose, a further disassembly ball 6 is required. According to the invention, however, the third disassembly ball 6 necessary for releasing the detonator is arranged to ensure the detonator at the bottom of a bore 7, which, starting from the rear part of the ball carrier 11, is arranged obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the ball carrier 11 and opens into the bore 8, which Splitter ball 6 during its working position, d. H. in the operative position of the actuating device 11, 13, 16. For reasons of simple manufacture, the bore 7 is expediently designed as a through bore and then closed with the aid of the needle carrier 16.

In a further embodiment of the invention, which is not shown in the drawing, only two disassembly balls are provided. One of these balls is already in its idle state in its working position in a bore of the spherical slant carrier, while the further ball is securely mounted at the bottom of the bore 7 and only moves into its working position under the influence of swirl.

Another exemplary embodiment of the invention, not shown in the drawing, provides that only one disassembly ball 606 is securely mounted at the bottom of the bore 607 and only moves into the working position on the ball bevel 612 under the influence of a swirl. This results in a particularly simple construction of the igniter.

In their rest position at the bottom of the bore 7, 607, the disassembly balls 6, 606 are secured by locking means which are arranged in a bore 15, 615 arranged in the ball carrier 11, 611. A locking pin 5 'or locking balls 4, 5, 604, 605 are expediently used as locking means. The bore 15, 615 appropriately cuts the bore 7, 607 in such a way that the mouth cross section of the bore 15, 615 is smaller than the diameter of the locking means 4, 5, 5 ', 604, 605, so that it does not completely enter the bore 7 , 607 can reach. In the radial direction to the outside, the bore 15, 615 is closed by a winding tape securing device which consists of the winding tape 1, 601 and the winding carriers 2, 3, 602, 603. When the igniter is in the idle state, this winding tape safety device prevents the locking means 4, 5, 5 ', 604, 605 from escaping in the radial direction outwards from the bore 15, 615 and thus releases the disassembly ball 6, 606. The use of two winding carriers 2, 3 , 602, 603 offers the advantage of reliable guidance of the winding tape, 1, 601.

In order not to slow down or hinder the winding tape 1, 601 of the winding tape securing device 1, 2, 3, 601, 602, 603 during the unwinding process by excessive centrifugal forces of the locking balls 4, 5, 604, 605, it is advisable to use detonators for Projectiles with very high rotational speeds to manufacture at least one of the locking balls 4, 5, 604, 605 or the locking pin 5 'from a light material, such as plastic or aluminum.

The spherical slant carrier 17 is expediently designed as a circular ring, the inner edge of which is chamfered conically to form the spherical slant 12. The spherical slant carrier 17 is advantageously designed so that it is easily replaceable on a step 25 in the fuse body 22. On the one hand, this enables a relatively simple processing of the spherical bevel to be observed very precisely and, on the other hand, an easy exchange of the spherical bevel carrier, for example in order to bring about a different disassembly characteristic of the detonator by replacing a spherical bevel carrier 17 with a differently designed spherical bevel 12.

For safety reasons, the igniter is required to disassemble itself if it does not respond to a target. This is caused by the fact that when the detonator rotates at a slower rate, the disassembly balls 606 move radially inward on the bevels 612 and thus allow the spring-loaded needle carrier 616 to move in the direction of the detonator 623 of the rotor 620 in focus. In order not to hinder this movement, in particular in the case of a winding tape which does not lie completely against the outer wall of the winding space 614, the winding tape carrier 603 closer to the head part of the igniter has a smaller diameter than the winding tape carrier 602 facing the rear part of the igniter.

To increase the sensitivity to impact, a cylindrical pin 629 is also slidably mounted in a bore 628 made in the head part of the igniter body and is arranged such that it is coaxially surrounded by the spring 613. This pin 629 supports the movement of the needle carrier 616 in the direction of the detonator 623 via the ball carrier 611.

Details of the blocking of the disassembly ball 6 by the blocking means 4, 5, 5 ', 604, 605 arranged in the bore 15 can be seen in the further FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 7, which can be understood from themselves without a detailed description.

FIG. 4, which represents a section along the line C-D of FIG. 1 and which illustrates the arrangement of the disassembly balls 9, 10 in the bores 8 in the ball carrier 11, does not require a more detailed description either.

• Beim Abschuß eines mit dem Zünder ausgestatteten Geschosses hat die Massenträgheit des Massestiftes 18, 618 zur Folge, daß dieser aus seiner Ruhelage, in der er sich im Eingriff mit dem Rotor 20, 620 befindet und diesen gegen Verdrehung sichert, gegen die Kraft der Druckfeder 19, 619 in Richtung auf das Heck des Zünderkörpers 22, 622 zurückbewegt wird und dabei den Rotor 20, 620 freigibt. Die Federkonstante der Druckfeder 19, 619 und der Reibungskoeffizient des Massestiftes 18, 618 der in der Bohrung 21, 621 gleitbar gelagert ist, sind dabei derart aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der Massestift 18, 618 nach Freigabe des Rotors 20, 620 freigibt. Die Federkonstante der Druckfeder 16, 619 und der Reibungskoeffizient des Massestiftes 18, 618 der in der Bohrung 21, 621 gleitbar gelagert ist, sind dabei derart aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der Massestift 18, 618 nach Freigabe des Rotors 20, 620 auch unter Berücksichtigung der auf der weiteren Flugbahn auftretenden Geschoßverzögerung durch den Einfluß der Rotationskräfte nicht mehr in seine Anfangsposition zurückkehren kann. Unter dem Einfluß des Geschoßdralls wird zunächst die Wirkung der Wickelbandsicherung 1, 2, 3, 601, 602, 603 aufgehoben mit der Folge, daß die Sperrmittel 4, 5, 5', 604, 605 in radialer Richtung sich aus der Bohrung 15, 615 herausbewegen und die Zerlegerkugel 6 bzw. Zerlegerkugeln 606 freigeben. In Figur 1 läuft diese Zerlegerkugel 6 dann zunächst in der schräg zur Längsachse des Kugelträgers 11 verlaufenden Bohrung 7 in Richtung Zünderspitze, bis sie in die bis dahin nicht besetzte Bohrung 8 eintritt.

The detonator works as follows:

• When a projectile equipped with the detonator is fired, the mass inertia of the ground pin 18, 618 has the consequence that, from its rest position, in which it is in engagement with the rotor 20, 620 and secures it against rotation, against the force of the compression spring 19 , 619 is moved back towards the rear of the igniter body 22, 622 and thereby releases the rotor 20, 620. The spring constant of the compression spring 19, 619 and the coefficient of friction of the mass pin 18, 618 which is slidably mounted in the bore 21, 621 are matched to one another in such a way that the mass pin 18, 618 releases after the rotor 20, 620 is released. The spring constant of the compression spring 16, 619 and the coefficient of friction of the mass pin 18, 618 which is slidably mounted in the bore 21, 621 are matched to one another in such a way that the mass pin 18, 618 after the rotor 20, 620 is released, also taking into account the the further trajectory of the projectile delay due to the influence of the rotational forces can no longer return to its initial position. Under the influence of the projectile swirl, the effect of the winding tape securing device 1, 2, 3, 601, 602, 603 is initially canceled, with the result that the locking means 4, 5, 5 ', 604, 605 emerge in the radial direction from the bore 15, 615 move out and release the ball 6 or ball 606. In FIG. 1, this disassembly ball 6 then initially runs in the bore 7, which runs obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the ball carrier 11, in the direction of the detonator tip, until it enters the bore 8 which was not occupied until then.

In FIG. 6, these disassembly balls 606 then initially run in the bore 607 in the direction of the detonator tip until they enter the bores 608 not previously occupied. Together with those already in work position, i.e. H. in the bores 8 further disassembly balls 9, 10, the disassembly ball 6 according to FIG. 1, or disassembly balls 606 according to FIG. 6, then raise the ball carrier 11, 611 via the ball bevel 12, 612 against the force of the disassembly electrodes 13, 613 to the extent that now the rotor 20, 620 is relieved of the force of the disassembly spring 13, 613 transmitted by means of the needle carrier 16, 616 and can move into the ignition position of the detonator due to its mass distribution under the influence of the centrifugal force. In order to be able to move in the ignition position, it is necessary for the end piece of the needle carrier 616 shown in FIG. 6 to slide out of the recess 627 in the outer jacket 626 of the rotor. The ignition position is reached when the detonator 23, 623, the transfer charge 24, 624 and the needle carrier 16, 616 are aligned. The detonator comes into operation as soon as there is an impact on the projectile or as soon as the restoring force of the disassembly spring 13, 613 outweighs the centrifugal force transmitted to the ball carrier 11, 611 by means of the disintegration balls 6, 9, 10, 606.

The design of the detonator according to the invention offers the particular advantage that the rotor 20 is locked in its securing by two independently acting securing systems and that, in addition, the front pipe safety which meets all requirements is achieved by the separate blocking of the splitting ball 6.

Claims (12)

1. A fuse for spin stabilised projectiles with a rotor (20) which contains a pyrotechnic ignition charge (23) and which is rotatable under spin forces from a safety position into an armed position, an actuating device (11, 13, 16) which is movable between a safety position where it holds the rotor in a safety position, and an armed position and drive means operative under the effect of spin and in ertia and taking the form of movable balls (6, 9), which run on inclinations and through which the actuating device is moved into its active position, against biasing means which are supported against the detonating body and which hold the actuating device in its safety position, characterized by the driving means for activating the actuating device (11, 13, 16) having at least two movable balls (6, 9), at least one of the balls (9) when the actuating device (11, 13, 16), is in both the safety position and armed position, being situated in a bore (8) provided in a ball carrier (11) and in the vicinity of a pring (13) of the actuating device (11, 13, 16) when the actuating device (11, 13, 16) is in the safety position a further ball (6) being held on the bottom of a bore (7) which communicates with a bore (8) which receives the ball (6) when the actuating device (11, 13, 16) is in the armed position, the rear part of the detonator body (22) having a further safety mechanism (18, 19, 21) to prevent the rotor 20 from moving into the safety position.

2. A fuse in accordance with Claim 1, characterized by the further safety mechanism comprising a large pin (18, 618) which is subject to the action of a pressure spring (19, 619) and which is slidably mounted in a bore (21, 621) which is positioned in the rear part of the detonator body (22, 622), non- concentrically and parallel with longitudinal axis of the detonator body (22, 622) and which engages a recess provided in the rotor (20, 620).

3. A fuse in accordance with Claims 1 and 2, characterized bu the bore (7, 607) commencing from the rear part of the ball carrier (11, 611) and being positionned obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the latter, the bore being in the form of a through-bore which is closed by means of a needle support (16, 616).

4. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized by locking means (4, 5', 604, 605) being provided on the base of the bore (7, 607) for the purpose of locking the ball (6, 606), and positioned in a bore (15, 615) in the ball carrier (11, 611) and connected with the bore (7, 607), the locking means comprising a substantially cylindrical locking pin (5') or two locking balls (4, 5, 604, 605) the locking means (4, 5, 5', 604, 605) being made of a light-weight material, such as plastic or aluminium.

5. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by an additional bore (15, 615) leading as an additionally cut bore into the bore (7, 607) in such a way that the cross section of the mouth of the bore (15, 615) is smaller than the diameter of the locking means (4, 5, 5', 604, 605) so that the latter cannot completely depart from the bore (15, 615) in the direction of the bore (7, 607).

6. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized by a wound band safety device (1, 2, 3, 601, 602, 603), being provided which concentrically surrounds that part of the ball carrier (11, 611) which faces away from the spring (13, 613) and which, when the detonator body (22, 622) is in a non- spinning state, prevents the locking means (4, 5, 5', 604, 605) from departing from the bore (15, 615) in the radial direction and the movable ball (6, 606) from thus being released.

7. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the inclinations on which the balls run (17, 617) take the form of an annulus of which one internal edge is conically chamfered to form the inclinations (12, 612), the said structure (17, 617) resting in an easily removable and replaceable manner on a step (25, 625) in the detonator body (22, 622).

8. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the pin (18, 618) and the needle support (16, 616) are generally positioned diametrically opposite each other in such a way as to act on the rotor (20, 620).

9. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that the elasticity constant of the spring (9, 619) and the friction coefficient of the pin (18, 618) slidably mounted in the bore (21, 621) are adapted to each other in such a way that after the release of the rotor (20, 620) the pin (18, 618) under the effect of rotation can not be moved back into its initial position.

10. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized by the band (1, 601) being guided by two winding carriers (2, 3, 602, 603), by which the wound band (1, 601) is in each case supported axially.

11. A fuse in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the following features :

a) the outer casing (626) of the rotor (620) having a recess (626) which when the rotor (620) occupies the safety position, is engaged by the end of the needle support (616) ;

b) in a bore (828) provided in the front part of the detonator body (622) a cylindrical pin (629) is slidably mounted and coaxial with the spring (613) of the actuating device ;

c) a wound band safety device is provided which comprises a band and two band carriers (602, 603), and in which the band carrier (603) closer to the head of the fuse has a smaller outer diameter than that band carrier (602) facing towards the rear part of the fuse.

12. A fuse in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized by the following features :

a) the drives means comprises not more than two balls (606) ;

b) when the fuse occupies its safety position the balls (606) are secured by locking balls (604, 605) on the base of bores (607).

Images