EP0042896B1

EP0042896B1 - Aseptic container filler apparatus

Info

Publication number: EP0042896B1
Application number: EP80302221A
Authority: EP
Inventors: James J. Feliks
Original assignee: Mead Corp
Current assignee: Mead Corp
Priority date: 1980-07-01
Filing date: 1980-07-01
Publication date: 1986-04-09
Also published as: DE3071533D1; EP0042896A1; ATE19034T1

Abstract

A mechanism for filling containers within a sterile chamber under aseptic conditions includes a nozzle (48) which forms an extension of the sterile chamber and which is arranged to have a lower outlet end inserted into an open container to be filled and which is provided with valve closure element (51) which is opened when the nozzle is at its lowermost position and which remains open during filling of the container. Filling is accompanied by upward movement of the nozzle and of the closure element while maintained in open position so as to prevent splashing together with a seal (49, 52 and 53) for preventing dripping following closure of the valve means. The fluid is isolated from atmosphere by suitable barrier cavities containing sterile inert gas under slight pressure above atmospheric pressure and defined in part by rolling seals which isolate the moving elements from atmosphere.

Description

This invention relates to aseptic filling of containers used to package flowable material such as orange juice, applesauce and the like. Such containers ordinarily are formed in a cuplike configuration of plastic, paperboard, metal, glass or other material and are closed in a sealed condition by a suitable lid.
Known container filler mechanisms include nozzle means which is disposed above a container to be filled so that flow of material into the container frequently is accompanied by undesirable splashing and spraying or misting and closure means for such nozzles is sometimes not entirely effective and permits dripping of the flowable material following the completion of a container filling operation. Such splashing and dripping is highly undesirable because it affects the accuracy of fill and also interferes with the sealing of the container by a sealing lid and may result in a defective seal which leads to contamination of the contents of the container. Known arrangements include reciprocating mechanisms in which a piston rod is exposed to atmosphere during some portion of the cycle with obvious potential for contamination. Other known devices simply utilize a continuous flow of product which introduce product directly to the container and which may thus interfere with sealing. Further known arrangements such as disclosed in DE-A-1,782,482 utilize a nozzle which is lowered into a container to be filled and is raised during filling to prevent splashing. US-A-3,334,668 discloses filler head of a milk filling machine which is concerned with reducing the tendency towards foaming of the milk during filling and includes a nozzle constructed so that air is purged from the filler head without passing through the milk to exhaust.
However, the prior constructions do not offer a filling device having a filling nozzle which allows splash free filling by reciprocal movement of the nozzle while isolating the nozzle from atmosphere to a sealing arrangement which allows flowable material to be discharged under aseptic conditions.
The invention provides apparatus for aseptically filling a container said apparatus comprising a reciprocal nozzle adapted to introduce sterile flowable material into the container, a housing disposed about said nozzle, aseptic means to supply said sterile flowable material to the interior of said nozzle including a transfer cavity within said housing and disposed about said nozzle US-A-3,334,668, characterised in that said container is disposed within a sterile walled enclosure structure pressurized with a sterile inert gas, in that said nozzle is reciprocally mounted in an aperture formed in a wall of said structure, in that said housing is secured to said wall in fluidtight relationship therewith, a rolling seal being secured in fluidtight relationship to the interior of said housing and to the exterior of said nozzle forming a fluidtight cavity therebetween and isolating said transfer cavity from atmosphere, means being provided for supplying inert sterile gas under pressure somewhat above atmospheric pressure to said fluid-tight cavity and in that said aseptic means includes at least one aperture in said nozzle forming a passage between said transfer cavity and the interior of said nozzle.
In the drawings Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram which represents the major components of the invention; Fig. 2A is a side view of a mechanism constructed according to the invention and which represents the nozzle in its uppermost position and the measuring piston in its lowermost position upon completion of a nozzle charging operation; Fig. 2B is a view similar to Fig. 2A but which shows the parts in-the positions which they occupy with the nozzle in its lowermost position at or shortly after the beginning of a container filling operation and with the measuring piston in its uppermost position at the beginning of a nozzle charging operation; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the measuring cylinder and piston which are shown in Figs. 2A and 2B; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle and its closure element and operating means; and in which Fig. 4A is an enlarged view of a fragmentary portion of Fig. 4.
In the drawings the schematic arrangement of Fig. 1 includes a reservoir R the interior of which is isolated from atmosphere and in which flowable material is contained as well as sterile inert gas under pressure. A conduit 7 and a check valve V interconnect reservoir R and measuring cylinder 1 the interior of which is isolated from atmosphere and which contains sterile inert gas under pressure. Conduit 8 interconnects the interior of nozzle housing 2 and the interior of measuring cylinder 1 which is isolated from atmosphere and which is maintained under pressure of sterile inert gas so that flowable material may be supplied under aseptic conditions from reservoir R to cup C which itself is disposed in enclosure 3 in an aseptic environment of a sterile inert gas under slight pressure.
In the drawings the numeral 1 generally designates a measuring cylinder and its associated structure and the numeral 2 generally disignates the nozzle and associated structure formed according to this invention. The container to be filled is designated at C. The measuring apparatus 1 and the nozzle structure 2 are mounted on and supported by a suitable base plate 3 to which a plurality of vertically disposed posts 4 and 5 are secured and at the upper ends of which a cover plate 6 is secured. Only two vertical posts 4 and 5 are shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. It will be understood that a corner post is provided at each corner of the generally rectangular base 3 and of cover 6, the front corner posts being omitted for clarity. Base 3 defines the upper boundary of a sterile environment therebelow.
Generally speaking material to be dispensed into container C is supplied from a gas tight temperature controlled sterile reservoir R through an inlet conduit 7 into the measuring cylinder 1 as the measuring piston moves upwardly and thence through conduit 8 to nozzle structure 2 from which the flowable material is discharged into container C.
Upward charging motion of the measuring piston 9 and downward discharging motion of piston 9 within measuring cylinder 10 is imparted by vertically reciprocable operating rods 11 which are driven by suitable crank means which is not shown in the drawings. Operating rods 11 are connected by means of pin 14 to arm 12 which is oscillatable about fixed pivot 13 as is obvious from Figs. 2A and 2B. Set screw 15 is used to adjust the effective length of arm 12 for purposes of adjusting the amount of fill. Turnbuckle structure 16 is connected with vertically reciprocable arms 18 by pin 19. The vertically reciprocable elements 18 shown in Figs. 2A and 2B are provided with a cross pin 20 which is inserted through the opening 21 to the piston rod 24 which is secured at its lower end to the measuring piston 9 as is obvious from Fig. 3. As operating rods 11 reciprocate up and down as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B the arm 12 swings about its fixed center 13 and vertically reciprocates turnbuckle 16, 17, rod 18 and cross pin 20 and in turn the piston block 22, the piston rod 24, and piston 9.
As is best shown in Fig. 3 a check valve V having a housing 25 is connected with conduit 7 and includes a cavity 25a in which a cylinder 25b is slidable. Cylinder 25b is closed at is right hand and as indicated at 25c and includes a plurality of apertures 25d. A compression spring 25e biases the cylinder 25b toward the left as viewed in Fig. 3. This check valve is arranged to allow flow from left to right and to be sealed against flow in the opposite direction. Thus as piston 9 moves upwardly, flowable material to be disposed into container C is drawn inwardly through conduit 7 into cavity 25a and causes cylinder 25b to move to the right against the force exerted by spring 25g. This establishes communication from cavity 25a through ports 25d with cavity 25e and the lower portion of measuring cylinder 10 so that when piston 9 occupies its uppermost position the portion of cylinder 10 disposed below piston 9 is filled with material to be dispensed into container C. Housing 25 is secured in fluid tight fashion by an O-ring 25f to base structure 27.
As is apparent from Fig. 3 measuring cylinder 10 is secured in fluid tight fashion by sealing means such as O-ring 26 to the base structure 27 and piston rings 9a provide a sliding seal between measuring piston 9 and measuring cylinder 10.
The upper end of measuring cylinder 10 is provided with a flange 28 which cooperates with the flange portion 29 of tube 30 which is clamped in place by a two part clamping device 31 which is of conventional construction.
For the purpose of providing means for isolating the interior of measuring cylinder 10 from atmosphere, a rolling seal is provided and comprises a diaphragm membrane 32 having a central aperture through which the threaded stud 23 projects. From Fig. 3 it is apparent that the inner portions of membrane 32 are clamped between piston rod 24 and piston block 22 which is screwed down via the threads 23a into firm contact with the upper end of piston rod 24. The outer edge of membrane 32 is clamped between flanges 29 and 28 in fluid tight relation. In order further to insure that the interior of measuring cylinder 10 is free of contamination from ambient atmosphere, the interior of the upper portion of measuring cylinder 10 above measuring piston 9 and below the rolling seal 32 is supplied with a sterile inert gas such as sterile nitrogen through the inlet conduit 33. Pressure of this gas above piston 9 and below the rolling seal 32 is maintained at a level somewhat above atmosphere so as to preclude the entry of contaminating material from ambient atmosphere into the interior of measuring cylinder 10 above piston 9.
The stroke of measuring piston 9 and the quantity of flowable material drawn into the measuring cylinder 10 is determined by the length adjustment of pivot arm 12 via its threaded portions 15 so that the greater the upward travel of piston 9 the greater the quantity of material drawn into the measuring cylinder 10 through conduit 7 and check valve 25 as is obvious. Downward motion of measuring piston 9 forces the flowable material disposed therebelow outwardly through conduit 8 and its associated conduit 34 which is interconnected by clamping couple 35 with conduit 8 and which is arranged to discharge material to be dispensed into the nozzle structure 2.
As is apparent in Figs. 2A and 2B downward movement of operating rods 11 and associated structure including cross pin 20 is accompanied by upward movement of connecting rods 36 and the nozzle structure interconnected therewith through pin 37 due to the fact that operating arm 38 is pivoted at 39 to fixed support means 40 and is arranged with its left hand portion 41 underneath the cross pin 20 and with its right hand end rotatably pinned at 42 to vertically disposed operating rods 36. While a downward movement of cross pin 20 and of measuring piston 9 is accompanied by positive mechanically coupled upward movement of operating rods 36, pivot 37 and of the nozzle structure associated therewith, it is apparent that downward movement of operating rods 36 and of the nozzle may occur which is free of the cross pin 20 and which is accompanied by clockwise rotation of operating arm 38 about pivot 39.
Nozzle structure 2 is shown in cross section in Fig. 4 in a discharging condition during which upward movement of the nozzle takes place in order to prevent splashing of the material dispensed into the container C. The lost motion relationship between the left hand end of operating arm 38 and cross pin 20 permits upward movement of the nozzle structure 2 which is independent of but coupled with the movement of measuring piston 9 as is apparent from Figs. 2A and 2B.
As is apparent from Fig. 4, housing structure 45 is provided with a lower flange 46 which is secured by bolts 47 to base 3. Housing 45 thus is fixed in position while the nozzle structure is slidable vertically inside housing structure 45.
In order to provide for various seals and to provide mechanism for operating the closure element of the nozzle, the structure generally described as nozzle structure is a composite assembly made up of a number of parts. For example the lower part of nozzle 48 is provided with an outwardly bevelled outlet indicated at 49 and a cone shaped upper portion 50 of closure element generally designated at 51. A peripheral groove 53 is formed in a cylindrical lower portion 52 of the closure element 51 and a yieldable sealing element such as an 0-ring 54 is mounted in groove 53 and during closed condition engages the outwardly bevelled inner surface 49 of the nozzle 48. When the valve is closed the 0-ring is compressed somewhat which creates capillary action so that any drop is retained in the annular cavity. Closure element 51 is secured to vertically reciprocable rod 55 so that when the closure element is in its down position as represented in Fig. 4 material may be dispensed into container C. When the closure element 51 is in its up position with the O-ring 54 in engagement with the lower portion of the bevelled surface 49 the lower end of the nozzle is closed in a leak proof fashion because of the engagement of the O-ring with the lower portion of the bevelled surface 49 which provides an annular cavity immediately below the O-ring for accumulation of any excess flowable material by capillary action thereby to prevent dripping. Surface 50a slidably engages surface 48a to shear any solid pulp or other material which might tend to foster dripping of liquid or to cause opening of the valve.
Flowable material fed into conduit 34 enters transfer cavity 56 formed about the nozzle 48 and defined by the somewhat enlarged inner surface of housing 45. Apertures 57 and 58 are provided in the nozzle 48 and allow the passage of flowable material from the transfer cavity 56 to the inside of tube 48 and about the operating rod 55. When the valve is open this material flows into container C in the direction indicated by the arrows 59. Ribs 60 and 61 are formed along the upper surface of the cone shaped portion 50 so as not to form an umbrella as the material flows outwardly in the direction of the arrows 59. Such an umbrella causes the capture of gas which could agitate and possibly splash the flowable material.
At the beginning of a filling operation, the nozzle 48 occupies its lowermost position and the closure element 51 is open as shown in Fig. 4. As the filling operation begins, nozzle 48 is elevated while the closure element 51 remains open. Pressure fluid disposed above the piston of the fluid motor 63 drives the nozzle 48 and the closure element 51 downwardly in unison. Elevating motion is imparted to the nozzle 48 by the down stroke of the piston 9 and of rods 18, cross pin 20 and element 38.
Since the closure element 51 and its operating rod 55 are movable independently relative to nozzle 48, any suitable actuating means may be provided for effecting such motion. Valve opening motion is effected by valve opening piston 65 which is secured to the rod 55 and which is vertically slidable within valve opening cavity 66 formed within tube 67 which is threadedly secured at 68 within the upper portion of nozzle 48. Pressure fluid for valve opening piston 65 is introduced into opening cavity 66 through a conduit 69 and the hollow interior portion 70 of valve rod 55 through parts 71 and 72 to the upper working face of piston 65. 0-ring 73 facilitates the seal between the periphery of valve opening piston 65 and the interior surface of valve opening cavity 66.
For the purpose of isolating the valve opening cavity 66 from the transfer cavity 56 and the interior of the lower portion of nozzle 48, a flexible diaphragm having a central aperture 75 is provided with a central opening clamped between lower part 55a of rod 55 and upper part 55b of rod 55 while the outer periphery of flexible seal or membrane 75 is securely gripped between the shoulder 76 of nozzle 48 and the lower end of tube 67 due to the threaded relationship as indicated at 68 whereby tube 67 is screwed firmly into contact with the periphery of membrane 75.
In order to impart upward closing movement to closure element 51 relative to nozzle 48, a valve closing cavity 78 is formed within tubular element 79 which is threaded at 80 to the outer upwardly extending portion of tube 67 and fluid pressure is supplied to valve closing cavity 78 through conduit 81. Valve closing piston 82 is threadedly related as indicated at 83 with the upwardly extending outer hollow portion of the valve rod 55 and is provided with a piston ring such as an 0-ring 84 so that pressure fluid supplied through conduit 81 to valve closing cavity 78 effects upward movement of valve closing piston 82 and of the rod 55 which in turn effects closing of the closure element 51.
For the purpose of determining the lowermost position of the closure element 51, an adjustable stop 85 is threaded as indicated at 86 with the exterior surface of the upper part 82a of piston 82. Thus with adjustable stop 85 screwed upwardly relative to the upper end 82a of piston 82, the valve closure element 51 may move downwardly a greater distance than such element can move if the stop element 85 is lowered or screwed downwardly relative to part 82a so as to engage the upper end 79a of tube 79 and thus to allow a lesser degree of downward opening movement of valve closure element 51.
Due to the relationship between the stop 85 and the upper end 79a of tube 79, it is apparent that predetermined upward motion of the nozzle structure 2 necessarily is accompanied by upward motion of the valve rod 55 and of the closure element 51. This upward motion of the nozzle structure 2 is due to the action of piston 9 which in its downward travel causes cross pin 20 to engage arm 38 which in turn moves counter-clockwise about pivot 39 to raise pin 42 and the nozzle 48 and associated parts.
For the purpose of isolating the transfer cavity 56 from atmosphere, a rolling seal 91 having a central aperture disposed about the upper end 67a of tube 67 is arranged so that the inner periphery of this rolling seal 91 is clamped between the shoulder 57b of tube 67 and the lower end of tube 79, such clamping action being effected by the threads 80 as is obvious from Fig. 4. The outer edge portion of the rolling seal 91 is clamped between flange 45a of tube 45 and flange 95a of tube 95 by a conventional two-part clamp device 96. Thus by means of the rolling seal 91 movement of the nozzle 48 and parts associated therewith relative to the housing 45 may be effected without contamination from the atmosphere above the rolling seal 91, pressure being maintained within the housing 45 and below the rolling seal 91 by sterile inert gas supplied through tube 97 to the interior of housing 45. This pressure is maintained at a level slightly above atmosphere so as to preclude any possibility of contamination from atmosphere. O- rings 99, 100, and 101 are provided to effect sliding seals of telescoping elements.
Rolling seal 91 and diaphragm 75 serve to isolate the transfer cavity from atmosphere.
For the purpose of properly coordinating opening and closing of closure element 51 relative to nozzle 48 and for effecting lowering movement of the nozzle 48, suitable control mechanism is provided and may include solenoid actuated pneumatic valves. If desired such pneumatic valves may be mechanically actuated.
In order to effect opening movement of the closure element 51 by pressure fluid supplied to conduit 69, an operating rod 102 shown in Figs. 2A and 2B is pinned at 103 with operating arm 38 and thus is reciprocated vertically through an opening formed in top cover plate 6 so as to come into engagement with a switch element schematically represented at 104 and mounted on suitable support structure 105 disposed atop the cover plate 6. Thus as the operating elements 11 move upwardly, nozzle 48 and its operating arm 36 move downwardly and operating arm 38 is rotated in a clockwise direction about the pivot 39 to cause upward movement of operating rod 102. When the nozzle 48 and its operating rods 36 reach their lowermost position, the upper end 102a of operating rod 102 engages the switch mechanism 104 and thus opens the valve supplying pressure fluid through conduit 69. As already explained, this action results in pressure being supplied to valve opening cavity 66 and the resulting downward movement of rod 55 and of closure element 51 relative to nozzle 48.
With the closure element 51 in the open position flow of material into container C is initiated while the nozzle 48 is in its lowermost position. Upward movement accompanied by filling of container C results when operating rods 11 move downwardly causing the cross pin 20 to move downwardly thereby to swing the operating arm 38 in a counterclockwise direction about fixed pivot 39 which in turn moves the nozzle 48 upwardly. This downward movement of cross pin 20 and of rods 18 causes operator element 107 to move downwardly into engagement with switch actuating element 108. Operation of this element occurs as the operating rods 18 and the measuring piston 9 arrive at their lowermost positions and as the nozzle 48 and parts associated therewith arrive at their uppermost position. Actuation of device 108 actuates an - electric solenoid or other suitable device such as a pneumatic valve so as to allow pressure fluid to enter through the conduit 81 into the valve closing cavity 78 so that pressure on the lower surface of piston 82 imparts upward valve closing movement to valve rod 55 and to closure element 51 relative to nozzle 48 so that the element closes the outlet end of the nozzle as the nozzle reaches its uppermost position.
Following the completion of upward movement of nozzle 48 and downward movement of operating rods 11 and measuring piston 9, operating elements 11 begin their upward travel accompanied by downward movement of nozzle 48 and parts associated therewith. When the operating rods 18 arrive at their uppermost positions the operating element 107 engages the switch operator 110 which in turn by solenoid or pneumatic means admits fluid pressure to the upper portion of the cylinder comprising a part of fluid motor 63. Such pressure drives the operating arms 36, the pivot 37, and the nozzle 48 and parts associated therewith toward their down positions. When the down position is reached measuring piston 9 is in its uppermost position following which operating arms 11, 18, and cross pin 20 begin their downward movement which in turn by the mechanical interlock through bar 38 and pivot 42 initiates upward movement of nozzle 48 and the cycle is repeated.
The apparatus is self draining since liquid material in cylinder 10 may flow through conduit 8, transfer cavity 56 parts 57 and 58 and outwardly through nozzle 48 when the closure element 51 is open.
Thus with the apparatus in assembled condition the device may be sterilised with steam, hot water or other aqueous liquid sterilant.
There are no flexible hoses and their attendant connections for the flow of flowable material such as orange juice so that accumulations of microorganisms are eliminated.
The fact that the flow of flowable material is by positive displacement insures that the quantity of material supplied to container C can be maintained constant and may then be supplied to many containers with minimum variation in amount supplied.
It is apparent from the above description that this invention is primarily intended for use in filling containers such as plastic, paperboard, glass, metal or other containers with flowable material such as orange juice, apple juice, and the like and that the invention is particularly adapted to ensure aseptic conditions for packaging a product due to the concept of isolation of product areas form actuating means by the sealing arrangement 91 and 75 and in part to the isolation of the open container and its contents from ambient atmosphere and also due to the fact that during filling, spraying, splashing and dripping following closure of the nozzle by the valve closure means are prevented so that a proper seal can be achieved between the open upper end of the container and its lid.

Claims

1. Apparatus for aseptically filling a container (c) said apparatus comprising a reciprocal nozzle (48) adapted to introduce sterile flowable material into the container, a housing (45) disposed about said nozzle, aseptic means (56-58) to supply said sterile flowable material to the interior of said nozzle including a transfer cavity (56) within said housing and disposed about said nozzle, characterised in that said container is disposed within a sterile walled enclosure structure (3) pressurized with a sterile inert gas, in that said nozzle is reciprocally mounted in an aperture formed in a wall of said structure, in that said housing is secured to said wall in fluidtight relationship therewith, a rolling seal (91) being secured in fluidtight relationship to the interior of said housing and to the exterior of said nozzle forming a fluidtight cavity (97a) therebetween and isolating said transfer cavity (56) from atmosphere, means (97) being provided for supplying inert sterile gas under pressure somewhat above atmospheric pressure to said fluid- tight cavity (97a) and in that said aseptic means includes at least one aperture (57) in said nozzle forming a passage between said transfer cavity and the interior of said nozzle.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 further characterised in that an operating rod (55a) reciprocably is mounted in said nozzle and a closure element (51) is mounted on said rod and arranged to open and close the lower end of said nozzle and wherein a diaphragm (75) is secured about said rod and to the inner surface of said nozzle.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, further characterized in that said aseptic means includes a measuring cylinder (10) in fluid tight communication with the interior of said nozzle (48), a measuring piston (9) movable in said measuring cylinder, a rolling seal (32) forming a fluid tight seal between said measuring cylinder and piston and isolating the interior of said measuring cylinder from atmosphere, and means (33) for supplying sterile inert gas under pressure to said interior of said measuring cylinder.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, further characterised in that said measuring cylinder (10) is in fluid tight communication with an aseptic reservoir (R) of flowable material through a check valve (V) arranged to accommodate flow of material into said measuring cylinder.

5. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, further characterised in that said nozzle (48) is tubular and has an outlet at its lower end valve means including a valve rod (55a) and a closure element (51) on said valve rod and disposed within said nozzle for controlling said outlet, and means for opening (65) and closing (82) said valve means.

6. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, further characterised in that said rolling seal (91) has an inner aperture and is secured about its outer edge with said housing and about its inner aperture with an outer surface of said nozzle thereby to establish an aseptic seal therebetween.

7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, further characterized in that a resilient seal (99) is arranged to form a seal between said housing (45) and the exterior of said nozzle (48) and is disposed between said transfer cavity (56) and said rolling seal to form a barrier cavity (97a) therebetween.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7, further characterised in that said barrier cavity (97a) is filled with a sterile inert gas at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure.

9. Apparatus according to claim 5, further characterised in that a diaphragm (75) having an inner aperture is secured about its outer periphery to an inner surface of said nozzle (48) and about its inner aperture with an outer surface of said valve rod (55a) so as to establish an aseptic seal therebetween.

10. Apparatus according to claim 5, further characterised in that a valve closing cavity (78) is formed within said nozzle and in that a valve closing piston (82) is mounted on said valve rod and reciprocal within said valve closing cavity and in that means (81) are provided for supplying pressure fluid to said valve closing cavity thereby to close said closure element.

11. Apparatus according to claim 5, further characterised in that a valve opening cavity (66) is formed within said nozzle and wherein a valve opening piston (65) is mounted on said valve rod and reciprocable within said valve opening cavity and wherein means (81) are provided for supplying pressure fluid to said valve closing cavity thereby to close said closure element.

12. Apparatus according to claim 11, further characterised in that said means for supplying pressure fluid to said valve opening cavity includes a hollow portion (70) of said valve rod at a position thereof remote from said closure element (51).

13. Apparatus according to claim 5, further characterised in that a stop member (85) adjustably is mounted on said valve rod (55) and engageably with a part (79a) of said nozzle to determine the maximum limit of opening travel of said valve rod and of said closing element.

14. Apparatus according to claim 11, further characterised in that said valve rod (55) is hollow for a portion of its length and in communication with the working face of said valve opening piston (65) mounted on said valve rod and reciprocable within said valve opening cavity (66), and in that pressure fluid is supplied to the hollow portion of said valve rod thereby to effect opening movement of said opening piston of said valve rod and of said closure element.

15. Apparatus according to claim 2, further characterised in that operating means (63) is provided for lowering said nozzle into a container while said closure element (51) is closed, means (65) for opening said valve means at approximately the time when said nozzle reaches its lowermost position, means (38) for elevating said nozzle while said closure element is open, and means (82) for closing said closure element at approximately the time when said nozzle reaches its uppermost position.

16. Apparatus according to claim 15, further characterised in that said measuring cylinder (10) and piston (9) are arranged to force a predetermined quantity of flowable substance into said nozzle during elevating movement thereof and while said closure element is open.

17. Apparatus according to claim 16, further characterised in that said measuring cylinder (10) is fixed in position and said measuring piston (9) is directly coupled with said nozzle by positively acting coupling means (38) during elevating movement of said nozzle.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17, further characterised in that said measuring cylinder (10) is fixed and said measuring piston (9) is coupled with said nozzle by a lost motion coupling means (20, 38) during filling of said flowable substance into said measuring cylinder.

19. Apparatus according to claim 15, further characterised in that said operating means (63) is independent of said measuring piston at least during an initial portion of the nozzle lowering operation.

20. Apparatus according to claim 3, further characterised in that a rolling seal (32) having a central aperture is arranged with its outer edge secured to an extension of said measuring cylinder and with its central aperture secured to an extension of said measuring piston so as to form a seal therebetween whereby said measuring piston and cylinder are isolated from ambient atmosphere.

21. Apparatus according to claim 20, further characterised in that means (33) are provided for filling the space between said rolling seal (32) and said piston (9) with a-sterile inert gas at a pressure somewhat above atmospheric pressure thereby to preclude the entry of atmospheric air into said measuring cylinder.

22. Apparatus according to claim 2, further characterised in that said tubular nozzle (48) has an outwardly bevelled inner surface (49) at its lower end, in that said closure element (51) has an upper cone shaped part (50) whose outer surface is of complimentary nesting configuration with respect to said bevelled inner surface and has a lower cylindrical part (52) and by a yieldable sealing ring (54) disposed about said lower cylindrical part of said closure element and engageable with said bevelled inner surface of said nozzle to close said lower end of said nozzle and to effect capillary action.

23. Apparatus according to claim 22, further characterised in that said nozzle outlet includes a bevelled surface (49) and said closure element includes a resilient sealing ring (54) on a cylindrical part thereof for engaging said bevelled surface.

24. Apparatus according to claim 22 or claim 23, further characterised in that said closure element includes a cone shaped part (50) about said cylindrical part and wherein at least one rib (60, 61) is formed on said cone shaped part.

25. Apparatus according to claim 16, further characterised in that the stroke of said piston is adjustable to vary the quantity of material forced into said nozzle.