EP0042224B1 - Composition de développement contenant du carbone fluoré - Google Patents

Composition de développement contenant du carbone fluoré Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0042224B1
EP0042224B1 EP19810302338 EP81302338A EP0042224B1 EP 0042224 B1 EP0042224 B1 EP 0042224B1 EP 19810302338 EP19810302338 EP 19810302338 EP 81302338 A EP81302338 A EP 81302338A EP 0042224 B1 EP0042224 B1 EP 0042224B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
weight
parts
fluorinated carbon
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19810302338
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0042224A1 (fr
Inventor
Randall H. Helland
Craig A. Burton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Co
Original Assignee
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Publication of EP0042224A1 publication Critical patent/EP0042224A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0042224B1 publication Critical patent/EP0042224B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
    • G03G9/0902—Inorganic compounds
    • G03G9/0904—Carbon black

Definitions

  • This invention relates to dry powder compositions suitable for use in electrographic recording. More particularly, it relates to heat fusible and pressure fixable one part developing powders that contain fluorinated carbon.
  • Known one-part developing powder formulations used in electrographic recording may be either heat fusible or pressure fixable.
  • Heat fusible developing powders are typically fixed after image formation by raising the temperature of the powder to its melting or softening point, causing the powder particles to coalesce, flow together, and adhere to the substrate.
  • Pressure fixable developing powders are typically fixed after image formation by simply applying pressure to the powder particles causing them to coalesce and adhere to the substrate.
  • the flow properties and developing characteristics of such powders are affected by the nature of the carbon black used. It has been found that if electrically resistive carbon black is employed, the powder has poor flow properties (i.e., it cakes and resists flow), especially in conditions of high humidity. Generally, the images produced with such powders have poor resolution, that is they exhibit fuzzy edge definition and image "fill-in” (i.e., toner deposits inside of letters such as A, B, D, 0).
  • Such powders frequently form clumps in conditions of high humidity that may result in streaking on the finished copy. Still further, such powders are susceptible to clogging in the development station leading to poor development and transfer of the developing powder and consequently, poor copy quality.
  • Developing powders that employ conductive carbon-black also demonstrate poor flow properties and produce images that have poor resolution. Moreover, only low concentrations (e.g., about 0.5% by weight) of such carbon black can be utilized if an electrically resistive developing powder is desired. However, low carbon black concentrations are difficult to incorporate uniformly into the powder. Moreover, electrically conductive carbon black is hydrophilic in nature and this aggravates the poor flow properties of the developing powder compositions.
  • a flowable, dry powder of particles that has a static conductivity of less than 10- 3 (and preferably less than 10- 10 ) S-centimeterl in an electric field of 10,000 d.c. volts per centimeter, each of said particles comprising a thermoplastic binder having a static conductivity of at most 1 0-12S/cm and a magnetically responsive material.
  • the particles contain
  • the fluorinated carbon preferably comprises from 0.75 to 3 parts, and most preferably from 0.75 to 1.5 parts, by weight per 100 parts by weight of (a), and is from 15% to 30% fluorinated.
  • That static conductivity referred to herein is measured according to the technique described at column 3, line 54 through column 4, line 47 of U.S. Patent 3,639,245.
  • the melting point referred to above is measured according to ASTM: D-127, while the ring and ball softening point is measured according to ASTM:E28.
  • the powder of the present invention preferably comprises essentially spherical particles wherein at least 95 number percent of ther particles have a maximum dimension in the range of about 4 to 30 pm.
  • the developing powder of the present invention possesses improved flow properties and provides high resolution images. It does not significantly cake together even in conditions of high humidity.
  • the images produced from the powder are uniform, have sharp edge definition, and exhibit virtually no image fill-in. Still further, backgrounding i.e., background coloration caused by random deposition of developing powder particles in non-image areas, is substantially reduced.
  • fluorinated carbon to at least partially replace standard (i.e., non-fluorinated) carbon black.
  • Fluorinated carbon is less conductive than equivalent non-fluorinated carbon black. Consequently, a higher percentage by weight of the fluorinated carbon can be employed to achieve a given conductivity, thereby providing better uniformity in the final developing powder.
  • fluorinated carbon is hydrophobic so that the developing powders of the invention are less susceptible to the effects of moisture than are developing powders that employ standard carbon.
  • the developing powder compositions of the invention become more negatively charged during the copying process than do equivalent developing powders that employ standard carbon. It is believed that this property accounts at least in part for the ability of the developing powder compositions of the invention to provide such high resolution images.
  • the carrier does not do an effective job of this thereby giving rise to a significant level of backgrounding.
  • the developed images are frequently hollow, that is, solid areas are not filled in, resulting in low fidelity development. Additionally, copy quality degrades with time when two part developing powder compositions are employed. This requires that the developing composition be purged and replaced by fresh material.
  • the developing powder composition of the present invention alleviates these problems.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there are shown portions of electrostatic copies prepared using heat fusible developing powders and conventional copying processes. These Figures contain unmagnified typed areas 10 and 20; corresponding magnified typed areas 10A and 20A; unmagnified preprinted areas 11 and 21; and corresponding magnified preprinted areas 11 A and 21 A.
  • typed characters 12A and preprinted characters 13A do exhibit excellent resolution. They have well defined edges 14A and virtually no image fill-in, see 15A. Additionally, the copies exhibit virtually no back-grounding, see 16A.
  • FIG. 3 A comparison of Figures 3 and 4 further demonstrates the significant improvement in copy quality achieved by the developing powders of the present invention. These Figures contain magnified areas 30A and 40A.
  • characters 31 A in Figure 3 have sharper edges 32A, substantially less image fill-in as shown at 33A than do characters 41 A in Figure 4. Compare, for example edges 42A and areas 43A of Figure 4. Moreover, characters 31 A are more uniformly toned than are characters 41 A. See especially the a, c, d, and e.
  • the fluorinated carbon useful in the invention comprises an inorganic compound made up of carbon chemically bonded to fluorine by covalent bonds.
  • the fluorinated carbon may comprise fluorinated graphite (natural or artificial) or, alternatively, fluorinated petroleum coke, coal coke, charcoal, carbon black, and mixtures thereof.
  • fluorinated graphite naturally or artificial
  • fluorinated petroleum coke coal coke
  • charcoal carbon black
  • mixtures thereof are known as shown by, for example, "Cermatic", 4(301) 1969; Denki Kagaku, 51, 756-761, 1963; Denki Kagaku, 35, 19-23, 1967.
  • Processes for the preparation of fluorinated carbon are known. For example, see “Cermatic", supra, and other references. Other process for the preparation of fluorinated carbon involve the direct fluorination of carbon at temperaures varying from ambient to over 450°C. Fluorination is preferably carried out in an agitated reactor in an atmosphere of fluorine plus an inert gas, although a non-agitated reactor may be employed if desired.
  • the conditions utilized during fluorination in a agitated reactor may be varied so as to obtain the desired degree of fluorination. Examples of such conditions, and the degree of fluorination obtained, are set forth in Table 1.
  • the carbon used to obtain the data for this Table was Vulcan XC-72R, a conductive carbon black with a maximum particle size of 30 nm (millimicron) sold by Cabot Corporation.
  • Carbon materials may also be used in the present invention.
  • Representative of such materials are Conductex 950 (maximum particle size of 21 nm) sold by Cities Service, Raven 1800 (maximum particle size of 18 nm) sold by Columbia Chemicals, Ketjenblack EC sold by Noury, and Thermax MT sold by R. T. Venderbilt.
  • thermoplastic binder useful in the present invention has a static conductivity as set forth above and is selected from waxes that have a melting point in the range of 45°C to 150°C and organic resins that have a ring and ball softening point above about 60°C.
  • Waxes useful in the invention are normally selected from the group consisting of aliphatic compounds such as waxes (natural or synthetic), fatty acids, metal salts of fatty acids, hydroxylated fatty acids or amides, low molecular weight ethylene homopolymers, or a mixture of two or more of these materials.
  • Aromatic and polymeric wax-like materials can also be used. All of these materials are well known in the art.
  • Representative useful aliphatic waxes include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, caranauba wax, montan wax, ouricury wax, ceresin wax, candellila wax, and sugar cane wax.
  • Representative useful fatty acids include stearic acid, palmitic acid, and behenic acid.
  • Representative useful metal salts of fatty acids include aluminum stearate, lead stearate, barium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, lithium stearate, and zinc palmitate.
  • amide hydroxy waxes include N(betahydroxyethyl)-ricinoleamide (commercially available under the trade name “Flexricin 115”), N,N'ethylene-bis-ricinoleamide (commercially available under the trade name “Flexricin 185"), N(2-hydroxyethyl)-12-hydroxystearamide (commercially available under the trade name “Paracin 220”), and N,N'-ethylene-bis-12-hydroxystearamide (commercially available under the trade name "Paracin 285").
  • Representative fatty acid derivatives include castor wax (glyceryl tris-12-hydroxy stearate), methyl hydroxy stearate (commercially available under the trade name “Paracin 1”), ethylene glycol monohydroxy stearate (commercially available under the trade name “Paracin 15”) and hydroxy stearic acid.
  • ethylene homopolymers include the low molecular weight polyethylenes such as the Bareco Polywaxes such as Polywax 655, 1000, and 2000 sold by the Bareco Division of Petrolite Corporation.
  • Other ethylene homopolymers include oxidized, high density, low molecular weight polyethylenes such as Polywax E-2018 and E-2020 sold by Bareco Division of Petrolite Corporation; and the Epolene® series of low molecular weight polyethylene resins such as Epolene® E ⁇ 14 available from Eastman Chemical Products Incorporated.
  • Representative useful aromatic wax-like materials include dicyclohexylphthalate, diphenyl- phthalate and the Be Square series of waxes from the Bareco Division of Petrolite Corporation, such as Be Square 195.
  • the Be Square waxes are high melting point waxes that consist of paraffines and naphthenic hydrocarbons.
  • organic resins useful as the thermoplastic binder are the polyamides (e.g., "Versamid 950", commercially available from General Mills); polystyrenes (e.g., 2000 mol. wt.); bisphenol A epoxy resins (e.g., "Epon 1004", commercially available from Shell Chemical Corp); acrylic resins (e.g., "Elvacite 2044", and N-butyl methacrylate commercially available from DuPont); vinyl resins such as polyvinyl butyral (e.g., "Butvar B72-A,” commercially available from Monsanto Company), polyvinyl acetates (e.g., "Gelva V-1 00", commercially available from Monsanto Company); vinyl copolymers such as vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate (e.g., "VYHH", commercially available from Union Carbide Corp.), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers; cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate buty
  • the thermoplastic binder preferably comprises the organic resin.
  • the organic resin has a softening point between about 120°C and 200°C and comprises a bisphenol A epoxy resin.
  • the thermoplastic binder may comprise either the wax or a combination of the wax and the organic resin.
  • the weight ratio of organic resin to wax is in the range of about 0:1 to 1:1. Most preferably ratio is about 0:1.
  • the wax preferably is selected form a microcrystalline wax, a low molecular weight polyethylene resin, or a combination of both, while the organic resin, when present, comprises a bisphenol A epoxy resin.
  • the magnetically responsive material employed in the developing powder composition preferably is homogeneously distributed throughout the binder. Additionally, it preferably has an average major dimension of one IL m or less.
  • Representative examples of useful magnetically responsive materials include magnetite, barium ferrite, nickel zinc ferrite, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, etc.
  • Such materials include, for example, colorants such as powdered flow agents, pigments and, dyes, plasticizers, etc.
  • Representative powdered flow agents include small size Si0 2 such as “Cab-0-Sil” sold by the Cabot Corporation and "Aerosil” R-972 sold by the DeGussa Corporation.
  • Representative colorants are carbon blacks, particularly conductive carbon blacks. These may be used in conjunction with the fluorinated carbon employed in the invention.
  • the developing powders of the invention may be prepared by known processing techniques.
  • heat fusing developing powders may be prepared by the techniques described in U.S. Patent 3,639,245 at column 5, lines 3 to 36.
  • Pressure fixable developing powders may be prepared by the techniques described in U.S. Patent 3,925,219 at column 4, lines 25-59.
  • the powder particles are spherical.
  • the fluorinated carbon is incorporated into the developing powder in the same fashion as is the conductive particles referred to therein.
  • the resultant powder possesses a radially dispersed layer or zone of electrically conductive carbon.
  • Heat-fusible developing powders were prepared using the ingredients and amounts shown:
  • the "Epon” and the Magnetite were blended thoroughly on a conventional heated-roll rubber mill.
  • the resulting blend was pulverized in an attrition-type grinder and then classified in a standard air centrifugal type machine. These particles were sharp edged and pseudocubical in shape. They were spheroidized such that most of the particles were transformed into sphere-like shapes or round-edged particles by the following process.
  • the mixture was fed to an air aspirator in a uniform stream of about 800 grams per hour. The aspirator sucked the particles into the air stream and dispersed them forming an aerosol.
  • the aerosol was directed at 90° into a heated air stream the temperature of which was about 510-540°C.
  • the powder was then allowed to settle and was collected by filtration.
  • the spheroidized particles were combined with either the fluorinated or the non-fluorinated carbon and then blended first at room temperature for 3 hours and then at 65°C for about 8 hours.
  • the carbon was then radially dispersed or embedded into the resin by the spheroidization process described above except that the temperature of the hot air stream was adjusted to 650 0 C and the powder was fed to the air stream at a rate of about 36 kilograms per hour.
  • the resultant developing powder compositions were collected and classified so that 95% by weight of the product was greater than 6.5 ⁇ m average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 19 ⁇ m average diameter.
  • the final step in the process was to blend 0.05 parts per hundred parts of developing powder composition of a small size Si0 2 flow agent (i.e., Aerosil R-972 sold by the DeGussa Corporation) with the composition.
  • a small size Si0 2 flow agent i.e., Aerosil R-972 sold by the DeGussa Corporation
  • the resultant compositions were tested for static conductivity. The results are given in Table 2.
  • Each of the developing powder compositions was used in a conventional heat-fusing copying process to provide images on a plain paper substrate.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 1 a provided copies with images that were sharply defined and had virtually no image fill-in. Additionally there was virtually no backgrounding.
  • a photomicrograph of a copy prepared from the powder of Example 1 a is shown in Figure 1.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 1 b provided copies with images that were not sharply defined and had substantial amounts of image fill-in. Furthermore, there was a significant degree of backgrounding.
  • a photomicrograph of a copy prepared from the powder of Example 1 b is shown in Figure 2.
  • a heat-fusible developing powder composition was prepared as described in Example 1 except that embedment was carried out at 430°C. The following ingredients and amounts shown were used.
  • the resultant developing powder composition was classified so that 95% by weight of the powder was greater than 8 pm average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 20 ⁇ m average diameter.
  • the static conductivity of the developing powder was 2.8 ⁇ 10 -15 S/cm in a 10,000 volt/cm d.c. field.
  • the developing powder was used in a heat-fusing copying process to provide a copy with well defined images and virtually no image fill-in or backgrounding on a plain paper substrate.
  • Example 1 was repeated except that embedment was carried out at about 430°C.
  • Example 3a 0.49 parts by weight of fluorinated Vulcan XC-72R (8.4% fluorination) was employed, while in Example 3b, 0.42 parts by weight of non-fluorinated Vulcan XC-72R was used.
  • the static conductivity of the resultant developing powder compositions is reported in Table 3.
  • Pressure-fixable developing powders were prepared using the following ingredients in the amounts stated:
  • the Polywax and the Be Square were first heated to melting after which the magnetite was added, with stirring, and heated until a homogeneous dispersion was obtained.
  • the temperature of the dispersion was raised to 193°C and then sprayed through a nozzle at a rate of about 91 kg/h to form discrete particles.
  • the particles were classified so that 95% by weight were greater than 6.5 ⁇ m and no more than 5% by weight were greater than 20 pm in average diameter.
  • the substantially spherical particles were then combined with the fluorinated or non-fluorinated carbon black and blended for 3 hours at room temperature. The particles were then spheroidized and the carbon embedded therein as described in Example 1. Embedment was carried out at about 430°C.
  • the developing powder compositions were then classified so that 95% by weight of the powder was greater than 6.5 ⁇ m average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 20 ⁇ m average diameter.
  • the static conductivities of these developing powder compositions were measured and are reported in Table 4.
  • Each of the developing powder compositions was used in a pressure-fixing copying process to provide images on a plain paper substrate.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 4a provided copies whose images were sharply defined and had virtually no image fill-in. Moreover, the copies had virtually no backgrounding.
  • a photomicrograph of a copy prepared using the developing powder of Example 4a is shown in Figure 3.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 4b on the other hand, provided copies whose images had poor edge definition and a high degree of image fill-in. Additionally, the background areas of the copies produced from the developing powder composition of Example 4b had a high degree of backgrounding.
  • a photomicrograph of a copy prepared using the developing powders of Example 4b is shown in Figure 4.
  • Example 4 was repeated except that Vulcan XC-72R (1.6 parts by weight) that had a degree of fluorination of 20.8% was utilized in Example 5a and 0.62 parts by weight of non-fluorinated Vulcan XC-72R was used in Example 5b.
  • the developing powder compositions were classified so that 95% by weight of the powder was greater than 8 ⁇ m average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 20 pm average diameter.
  • the static conductivity of the resultant developing powder compositions is reported in Table 5.
  • Each of the developing powder compositions was used in a pressure-fixing copying process to provide images on a plain paper substrate.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 5a provided copies whose images were sharply defined and had virtually no image fill-in. The copies exhibited little backgrounding.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 5b provided copies whose images were not sharply defined and had substantial amounts of image fill-in. The copies exhibited substantial backgrounding.
  • Example 4 was repeated using the following ingredients in the amounts shown:
  • the developing powder compositions were classified so that 95% by weight of the powder was greater than 8 ⁇ m average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 20 ⁇ m average diameter.
  • the static conductivity of the resultant developing powder compositions is reported in Table 6.
  • Each of the developing powder compositions was used in a pressure fixing copying process to provide images on a plain paper substrate.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 6a provided copies whose images were sharply defined and had virtually no image fill-in. The copies exhibited little backgrounding.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 6b provided copies whose images were not sharply defined and had substantial amounts of image fill-in. The copies also exhibited substantial backgrounding.
  • Example 4 was repeated using the following ingredients in the amounts shown:
  • the resultant developing powder compositions were collected and classified so that 95% by weight of the products was greater than 8 ⁇ m average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 20 ⁇ m average diameter.
  • the dynamic conductivities of the resultant compositions are reported in Table 7.
  • Each of the developing powder compositions was used in a heat-fusing copy process to provide images on a plain paper substrate.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 7a provided copies whose images were sharply defined and had virtually no image fill-in. The copies exhibited very little backgrounding.
  • the developing powder composition of Example 7b provided copies whose images were not sharply defined and had substantial amounts of image fill-in. The copies also exhibited substantial backgrounding.
  • a pressure-fixable developing powder was prepared as described in Example 4 using the following ingredients in the amounts shown:
  • the resulting developing powder composition was collected and classified so that 95% by weight of the product was greater than 9 minus average diameter and only 5% by weight was greater than 22 pm average diameter.
  • the composition had a dynamic conductivity of 5.3 x 10- 13 S/cm in a 10,000 volt/cm electric field.
  • the composition was used in a heat fusing copy process one claim per substrate and provided copies whose images were sharply defined and exhibited virtually no image fill-in. Furthermore, the copies exhibited very little backgrounding.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Poudre sèche, pouvant couler, de particules qui possède une conductivité statique de moins de 10-3 S par centimètre dans un champ électrique continu de 10 000 volts/cm, chacune desdites parties comprenant un liant thermoplastique ayant une conductivité statique au plus de 10-12 S par cm et une matière magnétiquement sensible, caractérisée par le fait que lesdites particules contiennent
(a) de 30 à 80 parties en poids dudit liant, ledit liant étant choisi dans le groupe comprenant des cires qui ont un point de fusion dans le plage de 45°C à 150°C, des résines organiques qui ont un point de ramollissement supérieur à 600C, et des mélanges desdites cires et desdites résines; et, de manière correspondante, de 70 à 20 parties en poids de la matière magnétiquement sensible et
(b) de 0,4 à 3 parties en poids pour 100 parties en poids de (a) carbone fluoré qui possède un degré de fluoration dans la plage de 10% à 63% et un diamètre moyen inférieur à 2 ,um, ledit carbone fluoré étant présent dans une one dispersée radialement autour des parties extérieures desdites particules de poudre.
2. Poudre selon la revendication 1, qui possède une conductivité statique inférieure à 10-10 S par centimètre dans un champ électrique continu de 10000 volts/cm.
3. Poudre selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans laquelle au moins 95% desdites particules ont une dimension maximale dans la plage de 4 à 30 µm.
4. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle lesdites particules sont essentiellement sphériques.
5. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle ledit carbone fluoré possède un diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm.
6. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle ledit carbone fluoré constitue de 0,75 à 3 parties en poids pour 100 parties en poids de (a) et dans laquelle ledit carbone fluoré possède un degré de fluoration dans la plage de 15% à 30%.
7. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle (a) constitue de 35 à 45 parties en poids dudit liant thermoplastique, et, de manière correspondante, de 65 à 55 parties en poids de ladite matière magnétiquement sensible.
8. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle le rapport en poids de ladite résine organique à ladite cire dans ledit liant est dans la plage de 0:1 à 1:1, et dans laquelle ladite poudre peut être fixée par pression.
9. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle ledit liant comprend ladite résine organique et dans laquelle ladite poudre est thermofusible.
10. Poudre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle ledit carbone fluoré comprend du noir de carbone fluoré.
EP19810302338 1980-06-16 1981-05-27 Composition de développement contenant du carbone fluoré Expired EP0042224B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15993980A 1980-06-16 1980-06-16
US159939 1980-06-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0042224A1 EP0042224A1 (fr) 1981-12-23
EP0042224B1 true EP0042224B1 (fr) 1984-04-04

Family

ID=22574759

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810302338 Expired EP0042224B1 (fr) 1980-06-16 1981-05-27 Composition de développement contenant du carbone fluoré

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0042224B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5735869A (fr)
CA (1) CA1160497A (fr)
DE (1) DE3162946D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59101454A (ja) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-12 Chisso Corp スルフアミン酸グアニジン溶融液の冷却結晶化方法
US4524119A (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-06-18 Allied Corporation Electrophotographic carriers incorporating fluorinated carbon and process of using same

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL159795C (fr) * 1968-07-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg
US4141849A (en) * 1977-02-22 1979-02-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developer for developing electrostatic latent images
JPS53124428A (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-10-30 Mita Industrial Co Ltd Developing agent for use in electrostatic image
JPH10153676A (ja) * 1996-11-20 1998-06-09 Toshiba Corp 原子炉制御棒駆動機構制御装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0042224A1 (fr) 1981-12-23
JPS5735869A (en) 1982-02-26
DE3162946D1 (en) 1984-05-10
CA1160497A (fr) 1984-01-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3925219A (en) Pressure-fixable developing powder containing a thermoplastic resin and wax
US2877133A (en) Electrostatic photography
EP0098112B1 (fr) Composition d'un développateur en poudre contenant un alkylsiloxane modifié par fluor
US4100087A (en) Pressure-fixing magnetic developer containing hydrogenated polystyrene binder for electrostatic photography and process for preparation thereof
US5194356A (en) Toner compositions
DE2909357A1 (de) Entwickler fuer die elektrophotographie und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4436803A (en) Method of developing electrostatic image with magnetic brush ear promoter
GB1602937A (en) Dry transfer of electrophotographic images
EP0095050B1 (fr) Révélateur à sec à deux constituants
US2753308A (en) Xerography developer composition
US4230787A (en) Magnetic toner for developing latent electrostatic images and a process for the preparation thereof
US4681830A (en) Fluorinated carbon-containing developer composition
EP0042224B1 (fr) Composition de développement contenant du carbone fluoré
US4569896A (en) Resistive single component developer composition
EP0050987B1 (fr) Composition d'une poudre de toner à un seul composant
GB2053501A (en) Dry magnetic pressure-fixable developing powder for electrostatic images
US4935324A (en) Imaging processes with cold pressure fixable toner compositions
US4612273A (en) Pressure fixing a single component toner with polyamide-rosin
US4745418A (en) Reusable developing powder composition
JPS59826B2 (ja) 静電印刷用導電性トナ−
US4379824A (en) Developer compositions having layer of a pigment on the surface thereof
JPH042185B2 (fr)
EP0767412A1 (fr) Particules d'agent de véhiculation revêtues, contenant un agent de contrÔle de charge
JPS60258559A (ja) 静電潜像現像剤
CA1122460A (fr) Tireuse electrographique comprenant une poudre non aqueuse contenant un liquide

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19810911

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO ROMA S.P.A.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3162946

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19840510

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19840529

Year of fee payment: 4

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19840601

Year of fee payment: 4

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19890527

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19900131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19900201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST