EP0038323B1 - Vorrichtung zum abscheiden einer flüssigkeit, insbesondere von blut - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum abscheiden einer flüssigkeit, insbesondere von blut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0038323B1
EP0038323B1 EP79900655A EP79900655A EP0038323B1 EP 0038323 B1 EP0038323 B1 EP 0038323B1 EP 79900655 A EP79900655 A EP 79900655A EP 79900655 A EP79900655 A EP 79900655A EP 0038323 B1 EP0038323 B1 EP 0038323B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
transferring element
separation
liquid
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79900655A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0038323A1 (de
Inventor
Lars-Ake Lennart Larsson
Claes-Ake Gullberg
Kaj Ove Stenberg
Nils Erik Gunnar Boberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gambro Lundia AB
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Gambro Lundia AB
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Publication date
Priority to AT79900655T priority Critical patent/ATE9766T1/de
Application filed by Gambro Lundia AB filed Critical Gambro Lundia AB
Publication of EP0038323A1 publication Critical patent/EP0038323A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0038323B1 publication Critical patent/EP0038323B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0442—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a separation device, particularly for the separation of whole blood, with a flexible transferring element comprising at least one inlet conduit for the liquid to be separated and at least two outlet conduits to enable continuous simultaneous withdrawal of each separated fraction, said inlet and outlet conduits communicating with a separation chamber revolving in a circular path around and at a distance from an axis through a fixedly held end of said transferring element with its longitudinal axis inclined with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • Whole blood is a tissue consisting of cells suspended in plasma. Said cells constitute about 45% by volume, while the remaining 55% constitutes plasma. Said suspended blood cells comprise inter alia red cells, white cells and thrombocytes.
  • Said separate fractions of said whole blood may be used independently for different purposes.
  • said white cells are of particular concern for blood research, immunological studies and for clinic use in transplantations of organs.
  • said white cells may be used for support therapy by cancer patients, the white cells of which in one or another respect have been destroyed through different anti cancer drugs.
  • the red cells as well as the plasma are of particular concern for transfusion purposes.
  • An object of this invention is therefore to provide an improved device of the described kind, which completely eliminates relatively rotating individual parts.
  • the present device is characterized in that the transferring element and the separation chamber are integrally connected and in that the separation chamber revolves about its longitudinal axis with substantially the same angular velocity as it rotates about an axis (I-I) through a fixedly held end of the transferring element.
  • said transferring element (as well as said separation unit) will rotate around said axis (primary rotation), and also around its own longitudinal axis (secondary rotation). Said primary and said secondary rotation thereby are so synchronized that any tending of said transferring element to be exposed to torsion or to be wound is counteracted.
  • said transferring element this fact apparently means that said transferring element will make one revolution around its own longitudinal axis per revolution around said axis through said one end of said transferring element. It is also realized that since said transferring element and said separation unit are integrally connected, also said separation unit will perform a synchronized secondary rotation with said transferring element.
  • Said integral connection between said transferring element and said separation unit is achieved preferably by means of a tubular casing comprising a closed and an open end.
  • Said casing thereby enclose at least one inlet tube for the liquid, to be separated, and at least two outlet tubes for the respective fraction of said liquid.
  • said inlet as said outlet tubes are terminating at short distance from the closed end of said casing while forming a separation chamber between the respective ends of said tubes and said closed end of said casing.
  • said outlet tube for the heavy fraction is terminating next to said closed end of said casing, while the outlet tubes for successively lighter fractions are terminating at successively longer distance from said closed end.
  • the inlet tube thereby is terminating at a longer distance from said closed end than the outlet tube for said heaviest fraction, but at a shorter distance from said closed end than the outlet tube for the lightest fraction.
  • the inlet tube for said whole blood conveniently is terminating into an area between the corresponding ends of the tubes for said red cells and said plasma, respectively.
  • the inlet tube for said liquid and the outlet tube for the respective fraction are preferably provided in a mirror symmetric relation with respect to the central longitudinal axis of said casing. This means that outlet tubes for one and the same fraction are located diametrically opposite to each other within said casing. Preferably, the inlet tube is located centrally.
  • tubular casing encloses two concentric tubes.
  • the inlet for the liquid, to be separated is constituted by the annular space between the innermost tube and the intermediate tube.
  • the outlet for the heaviest fraction is in the same way formed by the annular space between said intermediate tube and said casing, while the outlet for the lightest fraction is formed by the cavity within said innermost tube.
  • said innermost tube is terminating at a longer distance from the closed end of said casing compared to said intermediate tube.
  • the number of concentric tubes to be used depends in each separate case on the number of desired fractions.
  • This preferred embodiment in general is very similar to said first embodiment and need therefor not be described in more detail.
  • suitable spacers may be provided between the tubes to keep said tubes in places.
  • protruding heels, frame works and similar constructions may be provided on the outer surfaces of the inner tubes to prevent said tubes from contacting each other and thereby clogging said annular spaces or channels.
  • said integral connection between said transferring element and said separation unit is realized by means of a tubular body comprising a closed and an open end.
  • Said tubular body comprises at least one inlet channel (longitudinal void) for the liquid, to be separated, and at least two outlet channels (longitudinal voids) for the respective fraction of said liquid.
  • Said channels are terminating at a distance from said closed end of said tubular body while forming a separation chamber between the respective ends of said channels and said closed end of said tubular body.
  • Still another embodiment of the present invention comprises a separation unit in the form of a separate hollow body in firm communication with said transferring element.
  • Said hollow body is preferably molded and comprises cavities in communication with tubes or channels in said transferring element.
  • said molded separation unit as said transferring element are conveniently encapsulated within a tubular housing comprising a closed and an open end.
  • the separation chamber in this case is formed by cavities in an individual molded hollow body, while the corresponding chambers in the preceding embodiments are formed by the space between said transferring element and said closed end of said enclosing casing. Neither this embodiment should need to be discussed more in detail.
  • said separation unit conveniently is carried in a rotatable support casing which is adapted to be rotated together with said separation unit around said axis through said fixedly held end of said transferring element.
  • said support casing is preferably driven by means of separate driving means which in turn are adapted to be driven synchronically to the secondary rotation of said transferring element.
  • Said driving means are preferably coupled to the motor that provides for the primary rotation of said transferring element.
  • said transferring element is provide in a curved path and supported in this position by means of suitable supporting means.
  • said support casing as said separation unit may be manufactured from transparent material making it possible to visually (for example by means of a stroboscope) watch the separation of whole blood within said separation chamber.
  • said transferring element may comprise flowing channels for a cooling liquid, for example salt solution, which is adapted to withdraw heat that may be generated through shearing in said transferring element due to bending of tubes in said secondary rotation.
  • a cooling liquid for example salt solution
  • the present device As is shown in Fig. 1, the present device, generally designated 1, comprises a transferring element 2 which at its one end 3 is held fixedly and at its other end 4 is connected to a separation unit 5 comprising a separation chamber 5'.
  • Said separation unit 5 is preferably carried in a support casing 6 which is rotatable around its own longitudinal axis by means of bearings 7, 8.
  • said transferring element 2 is provided in a curved path and kept in this position by means of a stand 9 and suitable support bearings 10, 11 being attached to said stand and permitting said transferring element 2 to rotate freely around its own longitudinal axis.
  • Said stand 9 is carried on a stationary support plate 12 and is rotatable around an axis through said fixedly held end 3 of said transferring element.
  • Said axis is designated 1-1 in Fig. 1.
  • the rotation around said axis I-I is provided by means of a not shown drive motor via a drive shaft 9c which is carried in a bearing 9a in a supporting means 9b.
  • a counter-weight may be provided to balance said transferring element 2 and said separation unit 5, when said stand 9 is rotating. Thereby, vibrations due to asymmetric weight distribution are avoided.
  • Said separation unit 5 as well as said support casing 6 are preferably transparent. Thereby it is possible to visually (for example by means of a stroboscope) watch the separation and, if necessary, to control the rotation speed, so that the best possible separation is achieved.
  • said separation may be controlled by controlling the introducing and/or withdrawing of liquid in said different inlet and outlet tubes. For example, if whole blood is to be separated into plasma and red cells and the volume of plasma within said separation chamber apparently is too big, then said volume may be reduced by either increasing the withdrawing of plasma or by reducing the withdrawing of red cells.
  • Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is a suitable transparent material.
  • a further way of controlling said separation comprises the choice of a suitable rotation radius R from said axis I-I.
  • the ratio conveniently is between 30:1 and 15:1. Due to the fact that one end of the transferring element is held stationary, the other end of the transferring element i.e. the separation unit 5, while rotating around the axis (I-I), primary rotation, necessarily will rotate around its own longitudinal axis, secondary rotation. The blood which is introduced into the separation chamber will therefore be exposed to a centrifugal force depending on the secondary rotation in the transferring element. Therefore, the blood may be initially separated already in the transfering element, i.e. prior to entering the separation chamber.
  • said casing may be driven separately by means of schematically shown drive means, generally designated 13, which are synchronically driven by the not shown drive motor for said stand 9.
  • FIGs. 2-4 suitable cross-sections are shown, which may be used for said transferring element 2.
  • said transferring element consists of a tubular body 2a having perforating holes or channels 14a, 14a', 15a, 15', 16a, 16a' and 17a.
  • said channels are preferably mirror symmetrically provided to the central longitudinal axis of said tubular body 2a.
  • said channels 14a, 14a' constitute inlet channels for said whole blood
  • said channels 15a, 15a' and 16a, 16a' constitute outlet channels for the red blood cells and the plasma, respectively.
  • the central channel 17a may either form a third inlet channel for said whole blood, or a separate flowing channel for cooling liquid, if necessary.
  • said transferring element consists of a tubular housing 2b enclosing six individual tubes 14b, 14b', 15b, 15b', 16b, 16b'.
  • Said tubes are mirror symmetrically provided around the central longitudinal axis of said casing and attached to each other to maintain the shown position.
  • Said tubes form in pairs inlet and outlet tubes for the whole blood and the separated fractions, respectively.
  • said tubes 14b, 14b' are inlet tubes for said whole blood, while the tubes 15b, 15b' and 16b, 16b' are outlet tubes for red blood cells and plasma, respectively.
  • the space 17b between said tubes and said casing 2b forms flowing channels for a cooling liquid, for example isotonic 0.9% NaCI solution.
  • a cooling liquid for example isotonic 0.9% NaCI solution.
  • said transferring element consists of an outer tubular casing 2c enclosing concentric tubes 16c, 1 8c. Said casing 2c and said tubes 16c and 18c thereby form annular spaces or channels 14c, 15c. Said annular space 15c between said casing 2c and the intermediate tube 18c forms preferably outlet channel for the heaviest fraction (red blood cells), while the annular space 14c between said intermediate tube 18c and the innermost tube 16c forms preferably inlet tube for said whole blood. The cavity in the innermost tube 16c consequently forms outlet channel for said plasma.
  • the number of concentric tubes, to be used may vary from case to case and is depending on the number of fractions that is desired.
  • said intermediate tube 18c may be provided with protruding heels 19c abutting the inner surface of said casing 2c and the outer surface of the innermost tube 16c, respectively. Thereby is avoided that said tubes will contact each other and clog the annular spaces 14c and 1 5c, when said transferring element is rotating around said axis I-I.
  • tubular body 2a as said casings 2b and 2c are manufactured from a flexible material.
  • a preferred example of such material is silicon rubber which is also sufficiently firm to withstand shearing due to the primary rotation of said transferring element.
  • Figs. 5-8 correspond generally to the transferring element shown in Figs. 1 and 4.
  • the same reference numbers as those in Figs. 1 and 4 have therefore been used, except for the addition of the letter "d" instead of the letter "c".
  • Fig. 5 said separation unit is designated 5d, said separation chamber is designated 5d' and said transferring element (including said tubular casing) is designated 2d.
  • the transferring element and the separation unit of Figs. 9-15 differ from the construction shown in Fig. 5 primarily in that said separation unit 5e is formed as a separate molding unit.
  • Said transferring element 2e has in general the same cross-section as that of Fig. 3.
  • the same reference numbers have therefore been used, except for the addition of the letter "e”.
  • the channels in said separation unit 5e have therefore been designated in the same way as the corresponding tubes in the transferring element 2e, except for the addition of double prim and triple prim.
  • the transferring element 2f (including the separation unit 5f) of Fig. 16 is the simplest possible realization of said transferring element having the cross-section shown in Fig. 3.
  • the same reference numbers as those in Fig. 3 have therefore been used, except for the addition of the letter "f".
  • the transferring element comprises only three tubes, designated 14f, 15f, 16f.
  • the inlet tube for the liquid, to be separated, is designated 14f, while the outlet tubes for the red cells and the plasma are designated 15f and 16f, respectively.
  • the present device is especially, though not exclusively, useful in the separation of whole blood into for example red blood cells and plasma.
  • Said whole blood is thereby continuously introduced into said device from an outer source, for example a patient, and is separated under the influence of centrifugal forces in a rotatable separation unit.
  • the separated fractions, red blood cells and plasma are withdrawn from said separation chamber within said separation unit through individual tubes and are reinfused into said patient or are collected selectively. Due to the fact that one end of said transferring element is held fixedly, while the other end thereof (i.e. the end which is in fluid communication with said separation chamber) is integrally connected to said chamber, rotating couplings are thereby avoided, which due to heat of friction may expose said blood and the separated fractions to excessive and detrimental temperature increases and/or detrimental shear stresses.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Trennvorrichtung, besonders zum Trennen von Blut, mit einem flexiblen Überführungselement (2), das wenigstens eine Einlaßleitung (14, 14') für die zu trennende Flüssigkeit und wenigstens zwei Auslaßleitungen (15, 15', 16, 16') besitzt, die es ermöglichen, kontinuierlich gleichzeitig jede abgetrennte Fraktion zu entnehmen, wobei die Einlaß- und Auslaßleitungen mit einer Trennkammer (5') in Verbindung stehen, welche auf einem kreisförmigen Weg um eine Achse (I―I) und im Abstand von dieser Achse durch ein feststehend gehaltenes Ende (3) des Überführungselementes mit gegenüber der Rotationsachse geneigter Längsachse sich dreht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Überführungselement (2) und die Trennkammer (5) integriert miteinander verbunden sind und daß die Trennkammer sich um ihre Längsachse mit im wesentlichen der gleichen Winkelgeschwindigkeit dreht, wie sie um die Achse (I―I) rotiert.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslaßleitung (15b, 15b'; 15f) für die schwerste Fraktion in radial weitestem Abstand von der Achse (I―I) endet und daß die Auslaßleitungen (1 6b, 16b'; 1 6f) für zunehmend leichtere Fraktionen in radial zunehmend kürzeren Abständen von der Achse (I―I) enden, wobei die Einlaßleitung (14b, 14b'; 14f) in einem radial kürzeren Abstand von der Achse (I―I) als die Auslaßleitung (15b, 15b'; 15f) für die schwerste Fraktion, aber in radial weiterem Abstand von der Achse (I―I) als die Auslaßleitung (16b, 16b'; 16f) für die zunehmend leichteren Fraktionen endet.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einlaßleitung (14b, 14b') für die Flüssigkeit und/oder die Auslaßleitungen (15b, 15b'; 16b, 16b') für die jeweilige Fraktion spiegelbildsymmetrisch zu der mittigen Längsachse des Gehäuses (2b) angeordnet sind (beispielsweise Fig. 3).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Raum (1 7b) zwischen den Einlaß- und Auslaßleitungen (14b, 14b'; 15b, 15b'; 16b, 16b') in dem Gehäuse (2b) Fließkanäle für Kühlflüssigkeit, wie beispielsweise Salzlösung, bildet.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das röhrenförmige Gehäuse (2c; 2d) zwei konzentrische Röhren (16c, 18c; 16d, 18d) einschließt, worin der Einlaß für die Flüssigkeit von einem Ringraum (14c; 14d), der zwischen der innersten Röhre (16c; 16d) und einer mittleren Röhre (18c; 18d) liegt, gebildet wird, worin der Auslaß für die schwerste Fraktion vorzugsweise von einem Ringraum (15c; 15d), der zwischen der mittleren Röhre (18c; 18d) und dem Gehäuse (2c; 2d) liegt, gebildet wird und worin der Auslaß für die leichteste Fraktion vorzugsweise von einem Hohlraum in der innersten Röhre (16c; 16d) gebildet wird (beispielsweise Fig. 4 und 5).
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die innerste Röhre (1 6c; 16d) in einem kürzeren Abstand von der Achse (I―I) als die mittlere Röhre (18c; 18d) endet.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einlaßkanal (14a, 14a') für die Flüssigkeit und die Auslaßkanäle (15a, 15a', 16a, 16a') für die betreffenden Fraktionen spiegelbildsymmetrisch zu der mittigen Längsachse des röhrenförmigen Körpers (2a) angeordnet sind.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der röhrenförmige Körper (2a) einen oder mehrere Fließkanäle (17a) für ein Kühlmittel, beispielsweise Salzlösung, aufweist.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennkammer (5') in einem drehbaren Tragegehäuse (6) angeordnet ist.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tragegehäuse (6) so ausgebildet ist, daß es mit Hilfe getrennter Antriebseinrichtungen (13) angetrieben wird, die ihrerseits so ausgebildet sind, daß sie bezüglich der Sekundärrotation des Überführungselementes (2) synchron angetrieben werden.
EP79900655A 1979-06-06 1980-12-15 Vorrichtung zum abscheiden einer flüssigkeit, insbesondere von blut Expired EP0038323B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79900655T ATE9766T1 (de) 1979-06-06 1979-06-06 Vorrichtung zum abscheiden einer fluessigkeit, insbesondere von blut.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1979/000128 WO1980002653A1 (en) 1979-06-06 1979-06-06 A device for the separation of a liquid,especially whole blood

Publications (2)

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EP0038323A1 EP0038323A1 (de) 1981-10-28
EP0038323B1 true EP0038323B1 (de) 1984-10-10

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EP79900655A Expired EP0038323B1 (de) 1979-06-06 1980-12-15 Vorrichtung zum abscheiden einer flüssigkeit, insbesondere von blut

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EP (1) EP0038323B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56500600A (de)
AT (1) ATE9766T1 (de)
DE (1) DE2967251D1 (de)
WO (1) WO1980002653A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3242541A1 (de) * 1982-11-18 1984-05-24 Fresenius AG, 6380 Bad Homburg Zentrifuge
EP4321254A1 (de) 2022-08-09 2024-02-14 Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH Durchflusszentrifuge

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856669A (en) * 1973-07-02 1974-12-24 Department Of Health Education Elution centrifuge-apparatus and method
DE2833911A1 (de) * 1977-08-03 1979-02-15 Eric Westberg Vorrichtung zum bewirken der unbegrenzten relativdrehung der enden eines strangfoermigen leitungselements

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE379481B (de) * 1972-11-02 1975-10-13 Separex Sa

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856669A (en) * 1973-07-02 1974-12-24 Department Of Health Education Elution centrifuge-apparatus and method
DE2833911A1 (de) * 1977-08-03 1979-02-15 Eric Westberg Vorrichtung zum bewirken der unbegrenzten relativdrehung der enden eines strangfoermigen leitungselements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS56500600A (de) 1981-05-07
DE2967251D1 (en) 1984-11-15
EP0038323A1 (de) 1981-10-28
ATE9766T1 (de) 1984-10-15
WO1980002653A1 (en) 1980-12-11

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