EP0036981A2 - Method for operating an absorption heating installation - Google Patents

Method for operating an absorption heating installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036981A2
EP0036981A2 EP81101810A EP81101810A EP0036981A2 EP 0036981 A2 EP0036981 A2 EP 0036981A2 EP 81101810 A EP81101810 A EP 81101810A EP 81101810 A EP81101810 A EP 81101810A EP 0036981 A2 EP0036981 A2 EP 0036981A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
refrigerant
absorber
rectifier
condenser
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Granted
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EP81101810A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036981A3 (en
EP0036981B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Heimbach
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Buderus AG
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Buderus AG
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Priority to AT81101810T priority Critical patent/ATE11694T1/en
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Publication of EP0036981A3 publication Critical patent/EP0036981A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an absorption heating system, which is alternatively operated either as a heat pump or as direct heating, with a heat transfer circuit which is thermally coupled to a refrigerant circuit containing a heat generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber, with low-refrigerant solution from the heat generator to Absorber and refrigerant-rich solution from the absorber to the heat generator, and a device for performing the method.
  • Such a method is carried out with the heating system described in DE-OS 27 58 773. With this method, it is possible to achieve the required heating output even at low outside temperatures without additional equipment, such as a boiler heated with fossil fuels. If the heat output of the heat pump is no longer sufficient at a specified outside temperature, the heating system is switched from heat pump operation to direct heating operation. For this, the fuel supply to the burner of the heat generator, the refrigerant, is increased circuit interrupted and the low-refrigerant solution from the heat generator either directly or via the refrigerant cross-section of the condenser to the absorber.
  • the solution heated in the heat generator is brought into heat exchange with the heat transfer medium, avoiding a heat exchanger between low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution (in the first case in the absorber, in the second case additionally in the condenser). In both cases, the solvent is transported by a pump.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method of the type mentioned at the outset which is distinguished by lower energy consumption and high operational reliability.
  • This object is achieved in that when switching from heat pump to direct heating operation, the exchange of low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution between the heat generator and the absorber is interrupted and the heat transfer medium in the heat generator is exchanged with flue gas and by taking up condensation heat in the reflux cooler of a rectifier downstream of the heat generator is warmed.
  • the supply of low-refrigerant solvent from the heat generator to the absorber and of refrigerant-rich solvent from the absorber to the heat generator is interrupted.
  • the absorption heating system is converted into a direct heating system.
  • the heat transfer medium is then heated exclusively by direct heat absorption from the flue gas flow in the heat generator and by absorption of condensation heat in the reflux cooler of the rectifier.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the absorber, the condenser and the solvent pump no longer become hot in direct heating mode as before. This reduces the heat loss in the heating system and improves the energy balance. In this way, the risk of corrosion on these parts of the system is significantly reduced.
  • the heat transfer medium when switching from heat pump operation to direct heating operation, is directed past the absorber and the condenser.
  • the absorber and the condenser remain cold according to the invention, the heat carrier in these parts of the system is not heated anyway. By bypassing the absorber and the condenser, the pressure drop in the heat transfer circuit is reduced.
  • the method according to the invention has a favorable effect if, when switching from heat pump to direct heating mode, a pump for circulating refrigerant-rich solution and the device for heating the evaporator are removed be switched.
  • the pump for the refrigerant-rich solution and the blower for the evaporator are switched off. In this way, the energy consumption of the heating system is reduced.
  • a device for performing the method according to the invention comprises a heat pump with a heat generator, an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, and a heat exchanger with flow cross sections for low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution, and is characterized by shut-off devices in the solvent lines leading to the heat exchanger, and one in the flue gas stream of the heat generator and a heat exchanger connected to this heat exchanger, a rectifier connected downstream of the heat generator.
  • shut-off pump for the refrigerant-rich solution and for a low-refrigerant solution to provide a float regulator for low-refrigerant solution actuated by the bottom liquid of the rectifier downstream of the heat generator.
  • the rectifier has feeds for the refrigerant-rich solution and for the gaseous portions of the low-refrigerant solution leaving the heat generator.
  • the refrigerant-rich liquid is fed to the heat generator from the sump of the rectifier, and a refrigerant-rich gas is removed from the head of the rectifier.
  • a shut-off valve is arranged in the refrigerant supply line to the condenser.
  • the barrier The valve is located, for example, in the extraction line for gaseous refrigerant from the head of the rectifier.
  • a multi-way valve and a bypass line for the condenser and absorber connected to the multi-way valve are provided in the heat transfer circuit in front of the condenser.
  • the figure shows a flow diagram of an absorption heating system according to the invention.
  • the absorption heating system shown in the figure works monovalently-alternatively, i.e. it can be used without additional heating sources in the entire application area defined by its intended use as space and / or domestic water heating, for example of single and multi-family houses, and is alternatively operated either as a heat pump or in direct heat exchange between primary energy and heating water.
  • the heating system contains a heat generator 1 which is heated with a burner 2.
  • a pump 3 is used to circulate refrigerant-rich solution, for example water with ammonia, when the heating system is operating as a heat pump.
  • the refrigerant-rich solution first gets into a countercurrent heat exchanger 4, where it is exchanged with low-refrigerant heat. Solution warmed and fed to a rectifier 5 via a check valve 22.
  • the rectifier 5 the refrigerant-rich solution is broken down into a refrigerant-rich liquid (water), which collects in the sump of the rectifier 5 and essentially Chen the refrigerant, for example ammonia, containing gas that collects at the head of the rectifier 5, instead.
  • the refrigerant-rich solution 5 is removed from the sump - and reaches an expeller 6, which is arranged in the heat generator 1.
  • the lower-boiling refrigerant evaporates in the expeller 6 and is separated from the solution in a subsequent separator 7 and fed to the rectifier 5.
  • the remaining solution passes through a float controller 24, the function of which will be described in the following, into the heat exchanger 4, in which it is cooled in the heat exchange with a refrigerant-rich solution. After cooling, the solution is sprayed into an absorber 8.
  • Gaseous refrigerant is removed from the head of the rectifier 5 and fed via a line 20, which can be shut off with a solenoid valve 21, to a condenser 10 in which the refrigerant is liquefied.
  • the refrigerant is then expanded to evaporation pressure and evaporated in an evaporator 11 by supplying heat, for example from the ambient air, which is drawn in by a fan 23 via the evaporator 11.
  • the gaseous refrigerant is then fed to the absorber 8.
  • the gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the solvent.
  • the solution which is rich in refrigerant, is removed from the sump of the absorber and reaches the solvent pump 3.
  • the heating system further comprises a heat transfer circuit in which a heat transfer medium, for example water, is fed via a circulation pump 12 to a consumer group 13, for example with a plurality of space heaters.
  • the heat transfer medium emits heat in the consumer group 13. He arrives closing via a line 17 to a multi-way solenoid valve 18, which is switched during heat exchange operation so that the heat transfer medium in tube coils 14 gets into the condenser and is heated there.
  • the heat transfer medium is then passed through tube coils 15 in the absorber 8 and through the heat released here warmed further.
  • the heat transfer medium is further heated in a reflux cooler 9 in the head of the rectifier 5, with reflux liquid condensing out at the coils of the reflux condenser 9 at the same time.
  • the heat transfer medium is passed through a heat exchanger 16 arranged in the flue gas stream of the heat generator 1 and further heated there before it is fed back to the circulating pump 12.
  • the heating system according to the invention is switched to direct heating mode.
  • the pump 3 for the refrigerant-rich solution and the fan 23 on the evaporator 11 are switched off, the solenoid valve 21 in the refrigerant line 20 is closed and the multi-way valve 18 in the heat transfer line is switched so that the heat transfer medium no longer flows through the condenser 10 and the absorber 8, but through the bypass line 19
  • the rectifier 5 By switching off the pump 3, the rectifier 5 is no longer supplied with liquid, so that the liquid level in the sump of the rectifier 5 drops. As a result, the float valve 24 closes the solvent line 25.
  • the heat transfer medium is only heated in the rectifier 5 and in the heat generator 1. (Coils 9, 16). Both in the structure and in the energy groove utilization factor is obtained dadruch an approximation to the V th e rhal- a conventional heating system, which represented an optimum in the case of direct heating.
  • the outlay on equipment is very low, especially since the heat exchanger 16 in the heat generator 1 can also be used expediently in heat pump operation, if the solvent temperature in the expeller 6 is to be equal to or higher than the desired final flue gas temperature.

Abstract

1. A method for operating an absorption heating system, consisting of a heat pump including a thermogenerator (1), a rectifier (5) postconnected to the thermogenerator (1), a liquefier (10), an evaporator (11) and an absorber (8), as well as a heat carrying circuit thermally coupled to the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump in the absorber (8) and the liquefier (10) and additionally heated by taking up condensation heat from the rectifier (5) and heat from the fuel gas of the thermogenerator (1), whereby during the process of switching over from the heat pump to the direct heating operation the refrigerant circuit conducted through the evaporator (11) and absorber (8), as well as the exchange of solvent poor and rich in refrigerant between the thermogenerator (1) and absorber (8) is interrupted, characterized in that during the direct heating operation (a) the heat carrier is conducted past the absorber (8) and liquefier and conducted but through a reflux cooler (9) in the rectifier (5) and a heat exchanger (16) in the fuel gas stream, (b) the refrigerant conduct (20) is closed by means of a valve (21) arranged behind the rectifier (5) and in advance of the liquefier (10), and the reflux of solvent rich in refrigerant to the rectifier (5) is interrupted for the solvent rich in refrigerant and that by means of a float (24) regulator responding to the sump liquid of the rectifier the solvent conduct (25) is closed for the solvent poor in refrigerant.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Absorptions-Heizanlage, die alternativ entweder als Wärmepumpe oder als Direktheizung betrieben wird, mit einem Wärmeträgerkreislauf, der thermisch mit einem einen Wärmegenerator, Verflüssiger, Verdampfer und Absorber enthaltenden Kältemittelkreislauf gekoppelt ist, wobei kältemittelarme Lösung vom Wärmegenerator zum Absorber und kältemittelreiche Lösung vom Absorber zum Wärmegenerator geführt werden, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for operating an absorption heating system, which is alternatively operated either as a heat pump or as direct heating, with a heat transfer circuit which is thermally coupled to a refrigerant circuit containing a heat generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber, with low-refrigerant solution from the heat generator to Absorber and refrigerant-rich solution from the absorber to the heat generator, and a device for performing the method.

Ein derartiges Verfahren wird mit der in der DE-OS 27 58 773 beschriebenen Heizanlage durchgeführt. Ohne zusätzliche Einrichtungen, wie z.B. einen mit fossilen Energieträ- gern.beheizten Heizkessel, ist es bei diesem Verfahren möglich, die geforderte Heizleistung auch bei tiefen Außentemperaturen zu erreichen. Reicht bei einer vorgegebenen Außentemperatur die Heizleistung der Wärmepumpe nicht mehr aus, so wird die Heizanlage von Wärmepumpenbetrieb auf Direktheizbetrieb umgeschaltet. Hierzu wird die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Brenner des Wärmegenerators erhöht, der Kältemittelkreislauf unterbrochen und die kältemittelarme Lösung vom Wärmegenerator entweder direkt oder über den Kältemittelquerschnitt des Verflüssigers zum Absorber geleitet. Die im Wärmegenerator aufgeheizte Lösung wird jeweils unter Vermeidung eines Wärmetauschers zwischen kältemittelarmer und kältemittelreicher Lösung mit dem Wärmeträger in Wärmetausch gebracht (im ersten Fall im Absorber, im zweiten Fall zusätzlich im Verflüssiger). In beiden Fällen erfolgt der Lösungsmitteltransport durch eine Pumpe.Such a method is carried out with the heating system described in DE-OS 27 58 773. With this method, it is possible to achieve the required heating output even at low outside temperatures without additional equipment, such as a boiler heated with fossil fuels. If the heat output of the heat pump is no longer sufficient at a specified outside temperature, the heating system is switched from heat pump operation to direct heating operation. For this, the fuel supply to the burner of the heat generator, the refrigerant, is increased circuit interrupted and the low-refrigerant solution from the heat generator either directly or via the refrigerant cross-section of the condenser to the absorber. The solution heated in the heat generator is brought into heat exchange with the heat transfer medium, avoiding a heat exchanger between low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution (in the first case in the absorber, in the second case additionally in the condenser). In both cases, the solvent is transported by a pump.

Es ist ein Nachteil des vorbekannten Verfahrens, daß in der Heizanlage erhebliche Wärmeverluste dadurch entstehen, daß einige Anlagenteile, wie Lösungsmittelpumpe, Absorber, Verflüssiger, beim Direktheizbetrieb im Vergleich zum Wärmepumpenbetrieb deutlich wärmer werden, was zu erhöhten Wärmeverlusten führt. Als weiterer Nachteil ist anzusehen, daß die dauernd laufende Lösungsmittelpumpe sowohl während des Wärmetauschbetriebs als auch während des Direktheizbetriebs Energie verbraucht. Neben der aus diesen Nachteilen resultierenden Verschlechterung der Energiebilanz ist außerdem in den heißen Anlagenteilen mit vergrößerter Korrosionsgefahr zu rechnen.It is a disadvantage of the previously known method that considerable heat losses occur in the heating system due to the fact that some parts of the system, such as solvent pumps, absorbers, condensers, become significantly warmer in direct heating mode compared to heat pump mode, which leads to increased heat losses. Another disadvantage is that the continuously running solvent pump consumes energy both during heat exchange operation and during direct heating operation. In addition to the deterioration in the energy balance resulting from these disadvantages, an increased risk of corrosion can also be expected in the hot system parts.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu entwickeln, das sich durch geringeren Energieverbrauch und hohe Betriebssicherheit auszeichnet.The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method of the type mentioned at the outset which is distinguished by lower energy consumption and high operational reliability.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß beim Umschalten von Wärmepumpen- auf Direktheizbetrieb der Austausch von kältemittelarmer und kältemittelreicher Lösung zwischen Wärmegenerator und Absorber unterbrochen und der Wärmeträger im Wärmegenerator in Wärmetausch mit Rauchgas und durch Aufnahme von Kondensationswärme im Rücklaufkühler eines dem Wärmegenerator nachgeschalteten Rektifkators erwärmt wird.This object is achieved in that when switching from heat pump to direct heating operation, the exchange of low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution between the heat generator and the absorber is interrupted and the heat transfer medium in the heat generator is exchanged with flue gas and by taking up condensation heat in the reflux cooler of a rectifier downstream of the heat generator is warmed.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Zufuhr von kältemittelarmem Lösungsmittel vom Wärmegenerator zum Absorber und von kältemittelreichem Lösungsmittel vom Absorber zum Wärmegenerator unterbrochen. Durch die Unterbrechung des LBsungsmittelkreises wird die Absorptions- Heizanlage in eine Direkt- Heizanlage umgewandelt. Der Wärmeträger wird dann ausschließlich durch direkte Wärmeaufnahme aus dem Rauchgasstrom im Wärmegenerator und durch Aufnahme von Kondensationswärme im Rücklaufkühler des Rektifikators erwärmt.According to the invention, the supply of low-refrigerant solvent from the heat generator to the absorber and of refrigerant-rich solvent from the absorber to the heat generator is interrupted. By interrupting the Lsmittelkreises the absorption heating system is converted into a direct heating system. The heat transfer medium is then heated exclusively by direct heat absorption from the flue gas flow in the heat generator and by absorption of condensation heat in the reflux cooler of the rectifier.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird der Vorteil erreicht, daß der Absorber, der Verflüssiger und die Lösungsmittelpumpe beim Direktheizbetrieb nicht mehr wie bisher heiß werden. Dadurch werden die Wärmeverluste der Heizanlage geringer und die Energiebilanz günstiger. Auf diese Weise wird gleichzeitig die Gefahr der Korrosion an diesen Anlagenteilen erheblich reduziert.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the absorber, the condenser and the solvent pump no longer become hot in direct heating mode as before. This reduces the heat loss in the heating system and improves the energy balance. In this way, the risk of corrosion on these parts of the system is significantly reduced.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemä-Ben Verfahrens wird beim Umschalten vom Wärmepumpenbetrieb auf Direktheizbetrieb der Wärmeträger am Absorber und am Verflüssiger vorbeigeleitet.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, when switching from heat pump operation to direct heating operation, the heat transfer medium is directed past the absorber and the condenser.

Da der Absorber und der Verflüssiger erfindungsgemäß kalt bleiben, wird der.Wärmeträger in diesen Anlagenteilen ohnehin nicht erwärmt. Durch die Umgehung von Absorber und Verflüssiger wird der Druckabfall im Wärmeträgerkreislauf verringert.Since the absorber and the condenser remain cold according to the invention, the heat carrier in these parts of the system is not heated anyway. By bypassing the absorber and the condenser, the pressure drop in the heat transfer circuit is reduced.

Weiter wirkt sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren günstig aus, wenn beim Umschalten von Wärmepumpen- auf Direktheizbetrieb eine Pumpe zum Umwälzen kältemittelreicher Lösung und die Einrichtung zum Erwärmen des Verdampfers abgeschaltet werden.Furthermore, the method according to the invention has a favorable effect if, when switching from heat pump to direct heating mode, a pump for circulating refrigerant-rich solution and the device for heating the evaporator are removed be switched.

Gemäß diesem Vorschlag wird beispielsweise die Pumpe für kältemittelreiche Lösung sowie das Gebläse für den Verdampfer abgeschaltet. Auf diese Weise wird der Energieverbrauch der Heizanlage verringert.According to this proposal, for example, the pump for the refrigerant-rich solution and the blower for the evaporator are switched off. In this way, the energy consumption of the heating system is reduced.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfaßt eine Wärmepumpe mit einem Wärmegenerator, einem Verdampfer, einem Verflüssiger, einem Absorber, sowie einem Wärmetauscher mit Strömungsquerschnitten für kältemittelarme und kältemittelreiche Lösung, und ist gekennzeichnet durch Absperrvorrichtungen in den zum Wärmetauscher führenden Lösungsmittelleitungen, sowie einen im Rauchgasstrom des Wärmegenerators angeordneten Wärmetauscher und einen mit diesem Wärmetauscher verbundenen Rücklaufkühler eines dem Wärmegenerator nachgeschalteten Rektifikatiors.A device for performing the method according to the invention comprises a heat pump with a heat generator, an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, and a heat exchanger with flow cross sections for low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution, and is characterized by shut-off devices in the solvent lines leading to the heat exchanger, and one in the flue gas stream of the heat generator and a heat exchanger connected to this heat exchanger, a rectifier connected downstream of the heat generator.

Insbesondere ist es günstig, wie weiter vorgeschlagen wird, als Absperrvorrichtung für kältemittelreiche Lösung eine abschaltbare Pumpe sowie für kältemittelarme Lösung einen durch die Sumpfflüssigkeit des dem Wärmegenerator nachgeschalteten Rektifikators betätigten Schwimmerregler für kältemittelarme Lösung vorzusehen.In particular, it is advantageous, as is further proposed, to provide a shut-off pump for the refrigerant-rich solution and for a low-refrigerant solution to provide a float regulator for low-refrigerant solution actuated by the bottom liquid of the rectifier downstream of the heat generator.

Der Rektifikator weist Zuführungen für kältemittelreiche Lösung sowie für die gasförmigen Anteile der den Wärmegenerator verlassenden kältemittelarmen Lösung auf. Die kältemittelreiche Flüssigkeit wird dem Wärmegenerator aus dem Sumpf des Rektifikators zugeführt, vom Kopf des Rektifikators wird ein kältemittelreiches Gas entnommen.The rectifier has feeds for the refrigerant-rich solution and for the gaseous portions of the low-refrigerant solution leaving the heat generator. The refrigerant-rich liquid is fed to the heat generator from the sump of the rectifier, and a refrigerant-rich gas is removed from the head of the rectifier.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Erfindungsgegenstandes in der KältemittelzufUhrungsleitung zum Verflüssiger ein Absperrventil angeordnet ist. Das Absperrventil befindet sich beispielsweise in der Entnahmeleitung für gasförmiges Kältemittel aus dem Kopf des Rektifikators.It has proven to be advantageous if, according to a preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, a shut-off valve is arranged in the refrigerant supply line to the condenser. The barrier The valve is located, for example, in the extraction line for gaseous refrigerant from the head of the rectifier.

Bei einer weiteren zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung des Erfin. dungsgegenstandes sind im Wärmeträgerkreislauf vor dem Verflüssiger ein Mehrwegeventil sowie eine an das Mehrwegeventil angeschlossene Umgehungsleitung für Verflüssiger und Absorber vorgesehen.In a further appropriate embodiment of the Erfin. a multi-way valve and a bypass line for the condenser and absorber connected to the multi-way valve are provided in the heat transfer circuit in front of the condenser.

Weitere Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand eines schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben.Further details of the present invention are described on the basis of a schematically illustrated exemplary embodiment.

Hierbei zeigt die Figur ein Flußdiagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Absorptions- Heizanlage.The figure shows a flow diagram of an absorption heating system according to the invention.

Die in der Figur gezeigte Absorptions- Heizanlage arbeitet monovalent-alternativ, d.h. sie ist ohne Zusatzheizquellen im gesamten, durch ihren Verwendungszweck als Raum- und/ oder Brauchwasserheizung, beispielsweise von Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäusern, definierten Anwendungsbereich verwendbar und wird alternativ entweder als Wärmepumpe oder in direktem Wärmetausch zwischen Primärenergie und Heizwasser betrieben.The absorption heating system shown in the figure works monovalently-alternatively, i.e. it can be used without additional heating sources in the entire application area defined by its intended use as space and / or domestic water heating, for example of single and multi-family houses, and is alternatively operated either as a heat pump or in direct heat exchange between primary energy and heating water.

Die.erfindungsgemäße Heizanlage enthält einen Wärmegenerator 1 , der mit einem Brenner 2 beheizt wird. Durch eine Pumpe 3 wird beim Betrieb der Heizanlage als Wärmepumpe kältemittelreiche Lösung, z.B. Wasser mit Ammoniak, umgewälzt. Die kältemittelreiche Lösung gelangt zunächst in einen Gegenstromwärmetauscher 4 und wird dort in Wärmetausch mit kältemittelarmer. Lösung angewärmt und über ein Rückschlagventil 22 einem Rektifikator 5 zugeführt. In dem Rektifikator 5 findet eine Zerlegung der kältemittelreichen Lösung in eine kältemittelreiche Flüssigkeit (Wasser), die sich im Sumpf des Rektifikators 5 sammelt und ein im wesentlichen das Kältemittel, z.B. Ammoniak, enthaltendes Gas, das sich am Kopf des Rektifikators 5 sammelt, statt.The heating system according to the invention contains a heat generator 1 which is heated with a burner 2. A pump 3 is used to circulate refrigerant-rich solution, for example water with ammonia, when the heating system is operating as a heat pump. The refrigerant-rich solution first gets into a countercurrent heat exchanger 4, where it is exchanged with low-refrigerant heat. Solution warmed and fed to a rectifier 5 via a check valve 22. In the rectifier 5, the refrigerant-rich solution is broken down into a refrigerant-rich liquid (water), which collects in the sump of the rectifier 5 and essentially Chen the refrigerant, for example ammonia, containing gas that collects at the head of the rectifier 5, instead.

Die kältemittelreiche Lösung 5 wird aus dem Sumpf entnommen - und gelangt in einen Austreiber, 6 , der in dem Wärmegenerator 1 angeordnet ist. Im Austreiber 6 verdampft das leichter siedende Kältemittel.aus der Lösung und wird in einem nachfolgenden Abscheider 7 von der Lösung abgetrennt und dem Rektifikator 5 zugeführt. Die verbleibende Lösung gelangt über einen Schwimmerregler 24 , dessen Funktion im folgenden noch beschrieben wird, in den Wärmetauscher 4, in dem sie im Wärmetausch mit kältemittelreicher Lösung abgekühlt wird. Nach der Abkühlung wird die Lösung in einen Absorber 8 eingesprüht.The refrigerant-rich solution 5 is removed from the sump - and reaches an expeller 6, which is arranged in the heat generator 1. The lower-boiling refrigerant evaporates in the expeller 6 and is separated from the solution in a subsequent separator 7 and fed to the rectifier 5. The remaining solution passes through a float controller 24, the function of which will be described in the following, into the heat exchanger 4, in which it is cooled in the heat exchange with a refrigerant-rich solution. After cooling, the solution is sprayed into an absorber 8.

Vom Kopf des Rektifikators 5 wird gasförmiges Kältemittel entnommen und über eine Leitung 20 , die mit einem Magnetventil 21 absperrbar ist, einem Verflüssiger 10 zugeführt, in dem das Kältemittel verflüssigt wird. Das Kältemittel wird dann auf Verdampfungsdruck entspannt und in einem Verdampfer 11 durch Zuführung von Wärme, beispielsweise aus der Umgebungsluft, die von einem Ventilator 23. über den Verdampfer 11 gesaugt wird, verdampft. Das gasförmige Kältemittel wird dann dem Absorber 8 zugeführt.Gaseous refrigerant is removed from the head of the rectifier 5 and fed via a line 20, which can be shut off with a solenoid valve 21, to a condenser 10 in which the refrigerant is liquefied. The refrigerant is then expanded to evaporation pressure and evaporated in an evaporator 11 by supplying heat, for example from the ambient air, which is drawn in by a fan 23 via the evaporator 11. The gaseous refrigerant is then fed to the absorber 8.

Im Absorber 8 wird das.gasförmige Kältemittel durch das Lösungsmittel-absorbiert. Die kältemittelreiche Lösung, die dabei entsteht, wird aus dem Sumpf des Absorbers entnommen und gelangt wirder zur Lösungsmittelpumpe 3 .In the absorber 8, the gaseous refrigerant is absorbed by the solvent. The solution, which is rich in refrigerant, is removed from the sump of the absorber and reaches the solvent pump 3.

Die Heizungsanlage umfaßt ferner einen Wärmeträgerkreislauf, in dem ein Wäremträger, beispielsweise Wasser, über eine Umwälzpumpe 12 einer Verbrauchergruppe 13 zugeführt wird, beispielsweise mit mehreren Raumheizkörpern. Der Wärmeträger gibt in der Verbrauchergruppe 13 Wärme ab. Er gelangt anschließend über eine Leitung 17 zu einem Mehrwegemagnetventil 18, das beim Wärmetauschbetrieb so geschaltet ist, daß der Wärmeträger in Rohrschlangen 14 im Verflüssiger gelangt und dort erwärmt wird.Der Wärmeträger wied dann durch Rohrschlangen 15. im Absorber ,8 geleitet und durch die hier freiwerdende Wärme weiter erwärmt. In einem Rücklaufkühler 9 im Kopf des Rektifikators 5 wird der Wärmeträger weiter erwärmt, wobei gleichzeitig Rücklaufflüssigkeit an den Rohrschlangen des Rücklaufkühlers 9 auskondensiert. Zuletzt wird der Wärmeträger durch einen im Rauchgasstrom des Wärmegenerators 1 angeordneten Wärmetauschers 16 geleitet und dort weiter erwärmt, bevor er der Umwäzpumpe 12 wieder zugeführt wird.The heating system further comprises a heat transfer circuit in which a heat transfer medium, for example water, is fed via a circulation pump 12 to a consumer group 13, for example with a plurality of space heaters. The heat transfer medium emits heat in the consumer group 13. He arrives closing via a line 17 to a multi-way solenoid valve 18, which is switched during heat exchange operation so that the heat transfer medium in tube coils 14 gets into the condenser and is heated there. The heat transfer medium is then passed through tube coils 15 in the absorber 8 and through the heat released here warmed further. The heat transfer medium is further heated in a reflux cooler 9 in the head of the rectifier 5, with reflux liquid condensing out at the coils of the reflux condenser 9 at the same time. Finally, the heat transfer medium is passed through a heat exchanger 16 arranged in the flue gas stream of the heat generator 1 and further heated there before it is fed back to the circulating pump 12.

Sobald eine vorgegebene Außentemperatur unterschritten wird, bei der die von der Wärmepumpe erzeugte Heizmittel- Vorlauftemperatur nicht mehr ausreicht, wird die erfindungsgemäße Heizanlage auf Direktheizbetrieb umgeschaltet. Hierzu werden die Pumpe 3 für kältemittelreiche Lösung und Ventilator 23 am Verdampfer 11 abgeschaltet, sowie das Magnetventil 21 in der Kältemittelleitung 20 geschlossen und das Mehrwegeventil 18 in der Wärmeträgerleitung umgeschaltet, so daß der Wärmeträger nicht mehr über Verflüssiger 10 und Absorber 8 strömt, sondern durch die Umgehungsleitung 19As soon as the temperature falls below a predetermined outside temperature at which the heating medium flow temperature generated by the heat pump is no longer sufficient, the heating system according to the invention is switched to direct heating mode. For this purpose, the pump 3 for the refrigerant-rich solution and the fan 23 on the evaporator 11 are switched off, the solenoid valve 21 in the refrigerant line 20 is closed and the multi-way valve 18 in the heat transfer line is switched so that the heat transfer medium no longer flows through the condenser 10 and the absorber 8, but through the bypass line 19

Durch Abschalten der Pumpe 3 wird dem Rektifikators 5 keine Flüssigkeit mehr zugeführt, so daß der Flüssigkeitsspiegel im Sumpf des Rektifikators 5 fällt. Dadurch schließt das Schwimmerventil 24 die Lösungsmittelleitung 25 .By switching off the pump 3, the rectifier 5 is no longer supplied with liquid, so that the liquid level in the sump of the rectifier 5 drops. As a result, the float valve 24 closes the solvent line 25.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird der Wärmeträger nur noch im Rektifikator 5 und im Wärmegenerator 1 erwärmt. (Rohrschlangen 9 , 16 ). Sowohl im Aufbau als auch im Energie-Nutzungsgrad ergibt sich dadruch eine Annäherung an das Verhal- ten einer konventionellen Heizanlage, die im Fall der Direktheizung ein Optimum dargestellt. Der apparative Aufwand ist sehr gering, zumal der Wärmetauscher 16 im Wärmegenerator 1 auch beim Wärmepumpenbetrieb sinnvoll eingesetzt werden kann, wenn nämlich die Lösungsmitteltemperatur im Austreiber 6 gleich oder höher als die gewünschte Rauchgas-Endtemperatur sein soll.According to the invention, the heat transfer medium is only heated in the rectifier 5 and in the heat generator 1. (Coils 9, 16). Both in the structure and in the energy groove utilization factor is obtained dadruch an approximation to the V th e rhal- a conventional heating system, which represented an optimum in the case of direct heating. The outlay on equipment is very low, especially since the heat exchanger 16 in the heat generator 1 can also be used expediently in heat pump operation, if the solvent temperature in the expeller 6 is to be equal to or higher than the desired final flue gas temperature.

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Absorptions-Heizanlage, die alternativ entweder als Wärmepumpe oder als Direktheizung arbeitet, mit einem Wärmeträgerkreislauf, der thermisch mit einem einen Wärmegenerator, Verflüssiger, Verdampfer und Absorber enthaltenden Kältemittelkreislauf gekoppelt ist, wobei kältemittelarme Lösung vom Wärmegenerator zum Absorber und kältemittelreiche Lösung vom Absorber zum Wärmegenerator geführt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Umschalten von Wärmepumpen- auf Direktheizbetrieb der Austausch von kältemittelarm er und kältemittelreicher Lösung zwischen Wärmegenerator (1) und Absorber (8) unterbrochen und der Wärmeträger im Wärmetausch mit Rauchgas aus dem Wärmegenerator (1) und durch Aufnahme von Kondensationswärme im Rücklaufkühler (9) eines dem Wärmegenerator (1) nachgeschalteten Rektifikators (5) erwärmt wird.1. A method for operating an absorption heating system, which alternatively works either as a heat pump or as direct heating, with a heat transfer circuit, which is thermally coupled to a refrigerant circuit containing a heat generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber, with low-refrigerant solution from the heat generator to the absorber and high-refrigerant Solution from the absorber to the heat generator, characterized in that when switching from heat pump to direct heating operation, the exchange of low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution between the heat generator (1) and absorber (8) is interrupted and the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange with flue gas from the heat generator (1 ) and is heated by taking up condensation heat in the reflux cooler (9) of a rectifier (5) connected downstream of the heat generator (1). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wärmeträger beim Umschalten von Wärmepumpen- auf Direktheizbetrieb am Aosorber (8) und am Verflüssiger (10) vorbeigeleitet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer medium is bypassed when switching from heat pump to direct heating operation on the aosorber (8) and the condenser (10). 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Umschalten von Wärmepumpen- auf Direktheizbetrieb eine Pumpe (3) zum Fördern kältemittelreicher Lösung und eine Einrichtung zum Erwärmen des Verdampfers (11) abgeschaltet werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when switching from heat pump to direct heating operation, a pump (3) for conveying refrigerant-rich solution and a device for heating the evaporator (11) are switched off. 4. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 mit einer einen Wärmegenerator, einen Verdampfer, einen Verflüssiger, einen Absorber, sowie einen Wärmetauscher mit Strömungsquerschnitten für kältemittelarme und kältemittelreiche Lösung enthaltenden Wärmepumpe, gekennzeichnet durch Absperrvorrichtungen in den zum Wärmetauscher (4) führenden Lösungsmittelleitungen, sowie einen im Rauchgasstrom des Wäremgenerators (1) angeordneten Wärmetauscher (16) und einen mit diesem Wärmetauscher (16) verbundenen Rücklaufkühler eines dem Wärmegenerator (1) nachgeschalteten Rektifikators (5).4.Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3 with a heat generator, an evaporator, a condenser, an absorber, and a heat exchanger with flow cross sections for low-refrigerant and refrigerant-rich solution containing heat pump, characterized by shut-off devices in the heat exchanger (4 ) leading solvent lines, as well as a heat exchanger (16) arranged in the flue gas stream of the heat generator (1) and a return cooler of a rectifier (5) connected to the heat generator (1) connected to this heat exchanger (16). 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Absperrvorrichtungen eine abschaltbare Pumpe (3) für kältemittelreiche Lösung sowie ein durch die Sumpfflüssigkeit des dem Wärmegenerator (1) nachgeschalteten Rektifikators (5) betätigter Schwimmerregler (24) für kältemittelarme Lösung vorgesehen sind.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that a shut-off pump (3) for refrigerant-rich solution and a by the bottom liquid of the heat generator (1) downstream rectifier (5) actuated float controller (24) for low-refrigerant solution are provided as shut-off devices. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Kältemittelzuführungsleitung zum Verflüssiger (10) ein steuerbares Absperrventil (21) angeordnet ist.6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a controllable shut-off valve (21) is arranged in the refrigerant supply line to the condenser (10). 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Wärmeträgerkreislauf vor dem Verflüssiger (10) ein Mehrwegeventil (18) sowie eine an das Mehrwegeventil (18) angeschlossene Umgehungsleitung (19) für Verflüssiger (10) und Absorber (8) vorgesehen sind.7. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that in the heat transfer circuit upstream of the condenser (10) a multi-way valve (18) and a bypass valve (18) connected bypass line (19) for the condenser (10) and absorber (8 ) are provided.
EP81101810A 1980-03-28 1981-03-12 Method for operating an absorption heating installation Expired EP0036981B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101810T ATE11694T1 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-12 PROCEDURE FOR OPERATING AN ABSORPTION HEATING SYSTEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803012061 DE3012061A1 (en) 1980-03-28 1980-03-28 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN ABSORPTION HEATING SYSTEM
DE3012061 1980-03-28

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EP0036981A2 true EP0036981A2 (en) 1981-10-07
EP0036981A3 EP0036981A3 (en) 1981-11-25
EP0036981B1 EP0036981B1 (en) 1985-02-06

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EP81101810A Expired EP0036981B1 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-12 Method for operating an absorption heating installation

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EP (1) EP0036981B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE11694T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3012061A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0046196A2 (en) * 1980-08-16 1982-02-24 Buderus Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a monovalent alternative absorption heating installation
US4665711A (en) * 1985-02-08 1987-05-19 Ic Gas International Ltd. Heat pump systems
EP2871430A1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Absorption heat pump
CN111156734A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-15 东北电力大学 Total heat recovery type absorption-compression type coupling heat pump system capable of operating under variable working conditions

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2748415A1 (en) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-03 Nederlandse Gasunie Nv BIMODAL HEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HEATING
DE2756910A1 (en) * 1977-12-17 1979-06-21 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Absorption heat pump cold medium flow control system - has temp. operated controller operating heat exchanger and absorption unit valves
DE2758773A1 (en) * 1977-12-29 1979-07-05 Schneider Kg Ask A BIVALENT HEATING SYSTEM
DE2838715A1 (en) * 1978-09-02 1980-03-13 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Heat pump auxiliary output temp. control system - has heat exchanger system with branch line connected back to driver

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2748415A1 (en) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-03 Nederlandse Gasunie Nv BIMODAL HEATING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HEATING
DE2756910A1 (en) * 1977-12-17 1979-06-21 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Absorption heat pump cold medium flow control system - has temp. operated controller operating heat exchanger and absorption unit valves
DE2758773A1 (en) * 1977-12-29 1979-07-05 Schneider Kg Ask A BIVALENT HEATING SYSTEM
DE2838715A1 (en) * 1978-09-02 1980-03-13 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Heat pump auxiliary output temp. control system - has heat exchanger system with branch line connected back to driver

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0046196A2 (en) * 1980-08-16 1982-02-24 Buderus Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a monovalent alternative absorption heating installation
EP0046196B1 (en) * 1980-08-16 1984-09-12 Buderus Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a monovalent alternative absorption heating installation
US4665711A (en) * 1985-02-08 1987-05-19 Ic Gas International Ltd. Heat pump systems
EP2871430A1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Absorption heat pump
CN111156734A (en) * 2020-01-15 2020-05-15 东北电力大学 Total heat recovery type absorption-compression type coupling heat pump system capable of operating under variable working conditions
CN111156734B (en) * 2020-01-15 2022-11-08 东北电力大学 Total heat recovery type absorption-compression type coupling heat pump system capable of operating under variable working conditions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3168717D1 (en) 1985-03-21
EP0036981A3 (en) 1981-11-25
DE3012061A1 (en) 1981-10-08
ATE11694T1 (en) 1985-02-15
EP0036981B1 (en) 1985-02-06

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