EP0036263A1 - Electrical switch - Google Patents
Electrical switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0036263A1 EP0036263A1 EP81300876A EP81300876A EP0036263A1 EP 0036263 A1 EP0036263 A1 EP 0036263A1 EP 81300876 A EP81300876 A EP 81300876A EP 81300876 A EP81300876 A EP 81300876A EP 0036263 A1 EP0036263 A1 EP 0036263A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- operating member
- base
- switch
- fixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/02—Details
- H01H19/10—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
- H01H19/11—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon with indexing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/06—Contacts characterised by the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
- H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
- H01H19/63—Contacts actuated by axial cams
Definitions
- This invention relates to an electrical switch.
- the operating member does not move solely longitudinally of the movable contact arm, but moves transversely thereof, for example as in many rotary switches, and thus the movable contact arm does not perform only the up and down movement relative to the fixed contact required for making and breaking the connection, but is also moved transversely of its axis.
- This transverse movement of the movable contact arm results in the surface of the contact portion of the arm being rubbed across the surface of the co-operating contact portion of the fixed contact, such rubbing resulting in fretting of the contact surfaces.
- This fretting in time results in so-called fretting corrosion of the contact surfaces, thus resulting in high, across-contact electrical resistance and possibly even non-electrical contact when the switch is closed.
- an electrical switch in which a resilient movable contact arm is urged into engagement with a fixed contact by means of an operating member in order to close the switch, the operating member moving transversely of the contact arm to effect such closure, is characterised in that the contact portion of the contact arm is concave as seen by the fixed contact, and the contact portion of the fixed contact is convex as seen by the contact arm, the contact portion of the contact arm having a larger radius of curvature than the co-operating contact portion of the fixed contact.
- the surface of the contact portion of the contact arm rolls across the surface of the contact portion of the fixed contact on operation of the switch, and thus there is little if any fretting of the surfaces, and thus little if any fretting corrosion occurs. Further, in view of this rolling action each part of the surface of the contact portion of the contact arm and of the surface of the contact portion of the fixed contact, is engaged by the other surface for only a small part of the time taken for operation of the switch, and thus any possibility of fretting of any part of either surface is kept to a minimum.
- the switch shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 is similar to that described and claimed in European Patent Publication No. 0004420, and comprises a circular base 1 moulded from electrically insulating plastics material, and carrying an input contact 2 and four fixed output contacts 3.
- the contacts 2 and 3 are press-fitted in the base 1, and each has an outwardly projecting pin portion for receipt in a hole in a substrate (not shown) thereby to connect the contact 2 or 3 to a conductor on the substrate which may be a printed circuit board.
- the inner ends of the output contacts 3 constitute contact portions the surfaces of which are convex, and project above the adjacent surface of the base 1, while the inner end of the input contact 2 has a flat head on which is welded a substantially planar bridging contact 5 having four resilient contact arms 6 associated with the four fixed output contacts 3 respectively.
- the output contacts 3 are located at positions spaced at about 90° around the centre of the base 1 and at mutually different distances, that is radii, from the centre of the base 1, and the input contact 2 is offset from the centre of the base 1 such that it is substantially equi-spaced from each of the output contacts 3.
- the effective lengths of the four contact arms 6 of the bridging contact 5 are also equal.
- the base 1 is formed with an upstanding peripheral flange 7 within which is received a circular operating member 8 which completes the switch.
- the flange 7 has an inwardly directed segmented lip 9 which engages over a segmented annular shoulder 10 on the operating member 8 to mount the operating member 8 on the base 1.
- the inner surface of the operating member 8 is formed with a plurality of arcuate cam projections 11 having mutually different radii measured from the centre of the operating member 8, that is from the axis of rotation thereof, which axis passes through the centre of the base 1.
- Each cam projection 11 has a radius of curvature equal to the distance of each of the output contacts 3 from the centre of the base 1.
- Each cam projection has end surfaces 12 which slope from the surface of the operating member 8 up to a level middle surface 13 which is parallel to the surface of the operating member 8.
- the operating member 8 is formed with an outwardly directed bar 14 which can be gripped by a user's fingers to rotate the operating member 8 relative to the base 1.
- the flange 7 on the base 1 is divided into a plurality of circumferentially spaced segments 15 by slots 16. Two diametrically opposed segments 15 are narrower than the others and the lip portions 9' thereon are enlarged and engage in slots 17 in the shoulder 10 of the operating member 8 to provide an indexing action on rotation of the operating member 8 relative to the base 1, the slots 17 and lip portions 9' thus together defining a number of stable rotary positions of the operating member 8 relative to the base 1.
- Each contact arm 6 of the bridging contact 5 comprises a single inner limb 18 extending from the input contact 2 and carrying at its outer end a three-legged arrangement comprising three outwardly extending substantially equal length legs 19 lying in a common plane.
- the free end of the centre leg 19 constitutes a contact portion for engagement with the associated output contact 3 and is concave in. transverse cross-section as seen by the output contact 3 and has a larger radius of curvature than the co-operating contact portion of associated output contact 3.
- the two outer legs 19 are joined by an arcuate linking member 20 which extends towards the operating member 8 for engagement by the cam projection or projections 11 associated therewith.
- the arrangement is such that when the linking member 20 of a contact arm 6 is not engaged with an associated cam projection 11 on the operating member 8, the centre leg 19 of that contact arm 6 is out of engagement with the associated output contact 3, as shown to the left in Figure 3, but when the operating member 8 is rotated relative to the base 1 to a position in which the linking member 20 is engaged by an associated projection 11, then the centre leg 19 is held in engagement with the associated output contact 3, as shown to the right in Figure 3, whereby the bridging contact 5 provides a connection between the input contact 2 and that output contact 3.
- the cam projections 11 on the operating member 8 are arranged such that for each of the stable rotational positions of the operating member 8 relative to the base 1 a unique combination of connections between the input contact 2 and the output contacts 3 is established by the bridging contact 5, these connections enabling a coded decimal output to be obtained from the output contacts 3 from a voltage applied to the input contact 2.
- each of the contact arms 6 of the bridging contact 5 is advantageous in that it gives a two stage closing of the centre leg 19 on to the associated output contact 3, this ensuring ease of operation of the switch with a final high contact force between the centre leg 19 and the output contact 3.
- the sloping surface 12 of a cam proj.ection 11 first engages the linking member 20 of a contact arm 6, the whole contact arm 6 including the inner limb 18 is deflected about the connection of the contact arm 6 to the input contact 2 until the surface of the contact portion of the centre leg 19 of the contact arm 6 engages the associated output contact 3.
- the surface of the contact portion of the fixed output contact 3 is convex as seen by the contact arm 6, and the co-operating surface of the contact portion (centre leg 19) of the contact arm 6 is concave as seen by the fixed contact 3, the contact portion of the contact arm 6 having a larger radius of curvature than the co-operating contact portion of the fixed contact 3.
- the parts of the surfaces of the contact portions which are in contact when the stable closed position is established, are not in contact during the periods of maximum transverse movement of the contact arm 6 relative to the fixed contact 3, that is when the linking member 20 is in engagement with the sloping surfaces 12 of the cam projection 11, and thus fretting of these parts of the surfaces of the contact portions is kept to an absolute minimum.
- a switch in accordance with this invention can be of any type in which there is the possibility of transverse movement of the resilient contact arm relative to the associated fixed contact with consequent possibility of fretting of the surfaces of the contact portions of the contact arm and fixed contact.
Landscapes
- Rotary Switch, Piano Key Switch, And Lever Switch (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Slide Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to an electrical switch.
- Many forms of electrical switch are known, in which a resilient movable contact arm is urged into engagement with a fixed contact by means of an operating member in order to close the switch.
- In some such switches the operating member does not move solely longitudinally of the movable contact arm, but moves transversely thereof, for example as in many rotary switches, and thus the movable contact arm does not perform only the up and down movement relative to the fixed contact required for making and breaking the connection, but is also moved transversely of its axis.
- This transverse movement of the movable contact arm results in the surface of the contact portion of the arm being rubbed across the surface of the co-operating contact portion of the fixed contact, such rubbing resulting in fretting of the contact surfaces. This fretting in time results in so-called fretting corrosion of the contact surfaces, thus resulting in high, across-contact electrical resistance and possibly even non-electrical contact when the switch is closed.
- According to this invention an electrical switch in which a resilient movable contact arm is urged into engagement with a fixed contact by means of an operating member in order to close the switch, the operating member moving transversely of the contact arm to effect such closure, is characterised in that the contact portion of the contact arm is concave as seen by the fixed contact, and the contact portion of the fixed contact is convex as seen by the contact arm, the contact portion of the contact arm having a larger radius of curvature than the co-operating contact portion of the fixed contact.
- In a switch according to this invention the surface of the contact portion of the contact arm rolls across the surface of the contact portion of the fixed contact on operation of the switch, and thus there is little if any fretting of the surfaces, and thus little if any fretting corrosion occurs. Further, in view of this rolling action each part of the surface of the contact portion of the contact arm and of the surface of the contact portion of the fixed contact, is engaged by the other surface for only a small part of the time taken for operation of the switch, and thus any possibility of fretting of any part of either surface is kept to a minimum. In fact, the highest possibility of fretting will occur at the beginning of a closing and at the end of an opening operation of the switch, while in the actual contact position of the switch the operating member will be positioned over the fixed contact and axially aligned with the surfaces of the contact portions of the contact arm and fixed contact, in which position there is the minimum possibility of transverse movement of the surfaces relative to each other and thus of fretting.
- This invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings in which:-
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a rotary electrical switch according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the underside of the operating member of the switch of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is cross-sectional view through the switch of Figure l;
- Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating operation of known switches; and
- Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating operation of switches according to this invention.
- The switch shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 is similar to that described and claimed in European Patent Publication No. 0004420, and comprises a circular base 1 moulded from electrically insulating plastics material, and carrying an input contact 2 and four
fixed output contacts 3. Thecontacts 2 and 3 are press-fitted in the base 1, and each has an outwardly projecting pin portion for receipt in a hole in a substrate (not shown) thereby to connect thecontact 2 or 3 to a conductor on the substrate which may be a printed circuit board. The inner ends of theoutput contacts 3 constitute contact portions the surfaces of which are convex, and project above the adjacent surface of the base 1, while the inner end of the input contact 2 has a flat head on which is welded a substantiallyplanar bridging contact 5 having fourresilient contact arms 6 associated with the fourfixed output contacts 3 respectively. - The
output contacts 3 are located at positions spaced at about 90° around the centre of the base 1 and at mutually different distances, that is radii, from the centre of the base 1, and the input contact 2 is offset from the centre of the base 1 such that it is substantially equi-spaced from each of theoutput contacts 3. Thus, the effective lengths of the fourcontact arms 6 of thebridging contact 5 are also equal. - The base 1 is formed with an upstanding peripheral flange 7 within which is received a
circular operating member 8 which completes the switch. The flange 7 has an inwardly directed segmentedlip 9 which engages over a segmentedannular shoulder 10 on theoperating member 8 to mount theoperating member 8 on the base 1. - The inner surface of the
operating member 8 is formed with a plurality ofarcuate cam projections 11 having mutually different radii measured from the centre of theoperating member 8, that is from the axis of rotation thereof, which axis passes through the centre of the base 1. - There is at least one
cam projection 11 having a radius of curvature equal to the distance of each of theoutput contacts 3 from the centre of the base 1. Each cam projection hasend surfaces 12 which slope from the surface of theoperating member 8 up to alevel middle surface 13 which is parallel to the surface of theoperating member 8. - The
operating member 8 is formed with an outwardly directedbar 14 which can be gripped by a user's fingers to rotate theoperating member 8 relative to the base 1. - The flange 7 on the base 1 is divided into a plurality of circumferentially spaced
segments 15 byslots 16. Two diametricallyopposed segments 15 are narrower than the others and the lip portions 9' thereon are enlarged and engage inslots 17 in theshoulder 10 of theoperating member 8 to provide an indexing action on rotation of theoperating member 8 relative to the base 1, theslots 17 and lip portions 9' thus together defining a number of stable rotary positions of theoperating member 8 relative to the base 1. - Each
contact arm 6 of thebridging contact 5 comprises a singleinner limb 18 extending from the input contact 2 and carrying at its outer end a three-legged arrangement comprising three outwardly extending substantiallyequal length legs 19 lying in a common plane. The free end of thecentre leg 19 constitutes a contact portion for engagement with the associatedoutput contact 3 and is concave in. transverse cross-section as seen by theoutput contact 3 and has a larger radius of curvature than the co-operating contact portion of associatedoutput contact 3. The twoouter legs 19 are joined by an arcuate linkingmember 20 which extends towards theoperating member 8 for engagement by the cam projection orprojections 11 associated therewith. - The arrangement is such that when the linking
member 20 of acontact arm 6 is not engaged with an associatedcam projection 11 on theoperating member 8, thecentre leg 19 of thatcontact arm 6 is out of engagement with the associatedoutput contact 3, as shown to the left in Figure 3, but when theoperating member 8 is rotated relative to the base 1 to a position in which the linkingmember 20 is engaged by an associatedprojection 11, then thecentre leg 19 is held in engagement with theassociated output contact 3, as shown to the right in Figure 3, whereby thebridging contact 5 provides a connection between the input contact 2 and thatoutput contact 3. - The
cam projections 11 on theoperating member 8 are arranged such that for each of the stable rotational positions of theoperating member 8 relative to the base 1 a unique combination of connections between the input contact 2 and theoutput contacts 3 is established by thebridging contact 5, these connections enabling a coded decimal output to be obtained from theoutput contacts 3 from a voltage applied to the input contact 2. - The three-legged form of each of the
contact arms 6 of thebridging contact 5 is advantageous in that it gives a two stage closing of thecentre leg 19 on to the associatedoutput contact 3, this ensuring ease of operation of the switch with a final high contact force between thecentre leg 19 and theoutput contact 3. When the slopingsurface 12 of acam proj.ection 11 first engages the linkingmember 20 of acontact arm 6, thewhole contact arm 6 including theinner limb 18 is deflected about the connection of thecontact arm 6 to the input contact 2 until the surface of the contact portion of thecentre leg 19 of thecontact arm 6 engages the associatedoutput contact 3. Thereafter only the twoouter legs 19 are deflected relative to thecentre leg 19 thereby increasing the contact force between the contact portion of thecentre leg 19 and theoutput contact 3 until the linkingmember 20 is engaged with theplanar surface 13 of thecam projection 11. Further, since all threelegs 19 are of substantially equal length whereby the linkingmember 20 engages thecam projection 11 substantially over the associated output contact 3 a high contact force is obtained for a relatively low applied force, and thus the switch is easy to operate. - In known switches, as shown in Figure 4, the surface of the contact portion of the
centre leg 19 of eachresilient contact arm 6 is planar, and the co-operating surface at the contact portion free end of the associatedfixed output contact 3 is also planar. In such known switches as theoperating member 8 of the switch is moved to close aparticular contact arm 6 on to its associatedfixed output contact 3, as indicated by the arrow in Figure 4, the leadingsloping surface 12 of thecam projection 11 which is to effect the closure engages the linkingmember 20 of thecontact arm 6, and moves thecontact arm 6 towards the fixedcontact 3, and the contact portion of thecontact arm 6 engages the fixedcontact 3. However, since thecam projection 11 is not moving solely longitudinally of thecontact arm 6 but is moving transversely thereof, thecontact arm 6 is not moved only downwards on to thefixed contact 3, but is moved across thefixed contact 3, and thus the surfaces of the contact portions of thecontact arm 6 and fixedcontact 3 are rubbed together this leading to fretting and corrosion as discussed above. Similarly such rubbing occurs when theoperating member 8 is moved further to open the connection between thecontact arm 6 and thefixed contact 3, as shown to the right in Figure 4. As is shown in Figure 4 such rubbing affects the whole surface of the contact portions of thecontact arm 6 and fixedcontact 3. - Referring now to Figure 5, as described above, in the switch of this invention the surface of the contact portion of the
fixed output contact 3 is convex as seen by thecontact arm 6, and the co-operating surface of the contact portion (centre leg 19) of thecontact arm 6 is concave as seen by thefixed contact 3, the contact portion of thecontact arm 6 having a larger radius of curvature than the co-operating contact portion of thefixed contact 3. - With such an arrangement, on movement of the operating member to close a
particular contact arm 6 on to its associatedfixed output contact 3 the same transverse movement of thecontact arm 6 relative to thefixed contact 3 as described with reference to Figure 4 occurs, but in view of the shape of the co-operating contact portions, the contact portion of thecontact arm 6 in effect rolls across the contact portion of thefixed contact 3 with the position of contact between the two portions moving across the surfaces thereof as shown from left to right in Figure 5. Thus, there is little if any rubbing of the surfaces of the contact portions over each other, and fretting and corrosion are kept to a minimum. Further, the parts of the surfaces of the contact portions, which are in contact when the stable closed position is established, are not in contact during the periods of maximum transverse movement of thecontact arm 6 relative to the fixedcontact 3, that is when the linkingmember 20 is in engagement with thesloping surfaces 12 of thecam projection 11, and thus fretting of these parts of the surfaces of the contact portions is kept to an absolute minimum. - Although the possibility of fretting has been discussed above with reference to Figures 4 and 5 in relation to a rotary switch of the type shown in Figures 1 to 3, it will be appreciated that a switch in accordance with this invention can be of any type in which there is the possibility of transverse movement of the resilient contact arm relative to the associated fixed contact with consequent possibility of fretting of the surfaces of the contact portions of the contact arm and fixed contact.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81300876T ATE8722T1 (en) | 1980-03-14 | 1981-03-03 | ELECTRICAL SWITCH. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8008677 | 1980-03-14 | ||
GB8008677 | 1980-03-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0036263A1 true EP0036263A1 (en) | 1981-09-23 |
EP0036263B1 EP0036263B1 (en) | 1984-07-25 |
Family
ID=10512091
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81300876A Expired EP0036263B1 (en) | 1980-03-14 | 1981-03-03 | Electrical switch |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0036263B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS56145616A (en) |
AR (1) | AR227416A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE8722T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU542438B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8101503A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1156299A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3164956D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES500156A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MX148638A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2140621A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-11-28 | New Ohto Co Ltd | Electric switch |
GB2420448A (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-24 | Invensys Controls Uk Ltd | Switching mechanism |
CN109887792A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏雷利电机股份有限公司 | Power switch, driving device and ice machine |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2406265A1 (en) * | 1974-02-09 | 1975-08-14 | Stahl R Fa | Contact for switchgear with two relatively moving elements - has ball shape forcibly providing two contact surfaces |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2850602A (en) * | 1955-05-16 | 1958-09-02 | North Electric Co | Relay contact arrangement |
US3054879A (en) * | 1960-01-20 | 1962-09-18 | Indak Mfg Corp | Pushbutton switch |
US3281552A (en) * | 1965-10-12 | 1966-10-25 | Ark Les Switch Corp | Cam operated rotary switch using leaf spring and overlying actuator |
AU517410B2 (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1981-07-30 | Amp Incorporated | Selector switch with multiple output contacts |
-
1981
- 1981-02-18 AU AU67392/81A patent/AU542438B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-02-25 CA CA000371698A patent/CA1156299A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-03 DE DE8181300876T patent/DE3164956D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-03 AT AT81300876T patent/ATE8722T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-03-03 EP EP81300876A patent/EP0036263B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-06 ES ES500156A patent/ES500156A0/en active Granted
- 1981-03-12 MX MX186344A patent/MX148638A/en unknown
- 1981-03-12 AR AR284594A patent/AR227416A1/en active
- 1981-03-13 BR BR8101503A patent/BR8101503A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-03-13 JP JP3548281A patent/JPS56145616A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2406265A1 (en) * | 1974-02-09 | 1975-08-14 | Stahl R Fa | Contact for switchgear with two relatively moving elements - has ball shape forcibly providing two contact surfaces |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2140621A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-11-28 | New Ohto Co Ltd | Electric switch |
GB2420448A (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-24 | Invensys Controls Uk Ltd | Switching mechanism |
GB2420448B (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-11-28 | Invensys Controls Uk Ltd | Switching mechanism |
CN109887792A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏雷利电机股份有限公司 | Power switch, driving device and ice machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0036263B1 (en) | 1984-07-25 |
ES8203163A1 (en) | 1982-02-16 |
MX148638A (en) | 1983-05-19 |
AU542438B2 (en) | 1985-02-21 |
JPS56145616A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
CA1156299A (en) | 1983-11-01 |
ES500156A0 (en) | 1982-02-16 |
ATE8722T1 (en) | 1984-08-15 |
AU6739281A (en) | 1981-09-17 |
DE3164956D1 (en) | 1984-08-30 |
BR8101503A (en) | 1981-09-15 |
AR227416A1 (en) | 1982-10-29 |
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