EP0036126B1 - Combustion air flow control apparatus for combustion gas users - Google Patents

Combustion air flow control apparatus for combustion gas users Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036126B1
EP0036126B1 EP81101522A EP81101522A EP0036126B1 EP 0036126 B1 EP0036126 B1 EP 0036126B1 EP 81101522 A EP81101522 A EP 81101522A EP 81101522 A EP81101522 A EP 81101522A EP 0036126 B1 EP0036126 B1 EP 0036126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
combustion
air
combustion gas
membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP81101522A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0036126A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dr. Ing. Lorenz
Hans Sommers
Heinz Bathke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaswarme-Institut Ev
EON Ruhrgas AG
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Gaswarme-Institut Ev
Ruhrgas AG
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Priority to AT81101522T priority Critical patent/ATE7073T1/en
Publication of EP0036126A1 publication Critical patent/EP0036126A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/188—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/027—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/06—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with draught
    • F23N1/067—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with draught using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/02—Regulating draught by direct pressure operation of single valves or dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake

Definitions

  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic device with which the combustion air flow rate can be changed proportional to the fuel gas flow rate, in such a way that the air ratio is kept sufficiently constant under all operating conditions.
  • a force acts on the setting element 4 which results from the combustion air stream 1.
  • a fuel gas pressure adjusting device 8 is provided according to the invention. This is connected to the line 6 for supplying the fuel gas stream 7 in front of the gas nozzle.
  • An actuator 9 is connected to the fuel gas pressure adjusting device 8, the arrangement and design always being such that the adjusting element 4 is adjusted with sufficient accuracy to the predetermined air ratio via this actuator 9. This is first explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the control membrane 13 is located in a manometer housing 14. Its top side is pressurized with the pressure of the fuel gas stream 7 in front of the gas nozzle and its underside with the combustion air pressure, which is essentially determined by the chimney draft.
  • the slip gap 15 is necessary for the smooth movement of the swing flap 4; it is kept as small as possible to avoid a significant influence on the air flow.
  • the effective areas F L and F G and the lever arms r G and r L are to be coordinated with one another in such a way that the swing flap 4 adjusts itself to the “fully open” position when the device is subjected to maximum heat and the smallest possible chimney draft.
  • FIG 3 the combustion chamber 3 of a space heater with direct chimney connection (without flow protection) is shown schematically, to which the combustion air stream 1 is fed through a controlled pendulum flap 4, on the one hand through an unchangeable passage opening 11 of the pendulum flap 4 and on the other hand by one of the Pendulum flap 4 and a stop ring 16 formed variable flow cross-section 5, the size of which depends on the position of the pendulum flap 4.
  • the position of the pendulum flap 4 is determined by the differential pressure acting on it between the outside air pressure and the air pressure in the room, which is enclosed by the pendulum flap 4 and the walls of the air supply and the combustion chamber 3, and by the one hand with the gas pressure in front of the gas nozzle of the Fuel gas consumer 2, on the other hand controlled with the aid of the air supply tube also serving as actuator 4 with the pressure in the combustion chamber 3, which is essentially determined by the chimney draft, controlled control membrane 13.
  • This pressure also acts on a compensating membrane 17, which on the other hand is acted upon by the chimney suction.
  • This arrangement of the membranes 13, 17, 22 compensates for the differential pressure at the setting member 4 between the pressure after the heat exchanger 23 and the chimney suction and the actuator 9, which influences the free flow cross section 5 in the flow path of the exhaust gases 21 with the setting element 4, from the pressure difference on Heat exchanger 23 and the differential pressure ⁇ P ⁇ controlled.
  • the actuator 9 consists of an actuator rod on which the diaphragms 13, 17, 22 on the one hand and the adjusting element 4 on the other hand are fastened.
  • the heat exchanger 23 (in the event of a change in heat load) acts in a similar way to a flow resistance with turbulent flow characteristics in the cold combustion air stream 1.
  • the above-mentioned adjustment of the flow characteristics can take place by appropriately designing the gas outlet opening (for example in the form of a slot nozzle).

Abstract

A burner having an air intake at atmospheric pressure, a gas (fuel) supply line and a combustion chamber in which gas from the latter line burns in the presence of atmospheric air drawn in from the intake, is provided with a swingable or rotatable flap-type valve member which controls the volume rate of flow of the air to the combustion site. According to the invention, the position of the valve member is controlled by a parameter generated by the air stream and in response to the pressure in the gas supply line to maintain the air factor (ratio of air to gas) substantially constant. To this end a membrane type pressure detector responds to the pressure in the gas supply line and is connected by a mechanical force transmission mechanism to the flap or other valve element.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich gattungsgemäß auf eine Vorrichtung zur Einstellung des Verbrennungsluftstromes bei mit vorgegebener Luftzahl zu betreibenden atmosphärischen Brenngasverbrauchern mit Verbrennungsraum, - mit in Strömungsrichtung des Verbrennungsluftstromes hinter einer Durchtrittsöffnung konstanten Querschnitts angeordnetem Einstellelement für einen Strömungsquerschnitt und Leitung für die Zuführung eines Brenngasstromes zum Brenngasverbraucher, wobei an dem Einstellelement eine Luftkraft angreift, welche aus dem Verbrennungsluftstrom resultiert. Die Verbrennung des Brenngases mag für Heizungszwecke oder auch für andere Zwecke erfolgen.The invention relates generally to a device for adjusting the combustion air flow in the case of atmospheric fuel gas consumers with combustion chamber to be operated with a predetermined air ratio, with an adjusting element for a flow cross section arranged in the flow direction of the combustion air flow behind a passage opening, and a line for the supply of a fuel gas flow to the fuel gas consumer, whereby an air force acts on the adjusting element, which results from the combustion air flow. The combustion of the fuel gas may be for heating purposes or for other purposes.

Bei der bekannten gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung (DE-GM 79 08 061) ist die Kraft, die aus dem Verbrennungsluftstrom resultiert, neben der Schwerkraft und der unvermeidbaren Reibung, die einzige Kraft, die an dem Einstellelement angreift. Das hat sich an sich bewährt, und zwar bei Gasverbrauchern, die mit konstanter Belastung und damit konstantem Brenngaszusatz betrieben werden. Bei mehrstufig oder modulierend geregelten Gasverbrauchern könnte die Anwendung der bekannten Vorrichtung jedoch dazu führen, daß sich die Luftzahl erhöht, wenn der Brenngasdurchsatz konstant gehalten wird. Dies wiederum hätte eine Verminderung des Teillast-Wirkungsgrades solcher Gasverbraucher gegenüber dem Wirkungsgrad bei Voll- bzw. Nennbelastung zur Folge. Mit anderen Worten ändert sich bei der bekannten Vorrichtung der Verbrennungsluftdurchsatz nicht proportional zum Brenngasdurchsatz so, daß die Luftzahl unter allen Betriebsbedingungen ausreichend konstant gehalten wird.In the known generic device (DE-GM 79 08 061), the force resulting from the combustion air flow, in addition to gravity and the unavoidable friction, is the only force that acts on the adjusting element. This has proven itself in itself for gas consumers that are operated with constant load and thus constant fuel gas addition. In the case of multi-stage or modulating controlled gas consumers, however, the use of the known device could lead to an increase in the air ratio if the fuel gas throughput is kept constant. This in turn would result in a reduction in the partial load efficiency of such gas consumers compared to the efficiency at full or nominal load. In other words, in the known device the combustion air throughput does not change proportionally to the fuel gas throughput so that the air ratio is kept sufficiently constant under all operating conditions.

Bei einer anders aufgebauten Vorrichtung (FR-PS 11 35 941), bei der mit einem Servomechanismus und einem Hilfsdruckmittel gearbeitet wird, ist es an sich bekannt, zusätzlich eine Breringasdruck-Stellvorrichtung vorzusehen, die an die Leitung zur Zuführung des Brenngasstromes angeschlossen ist. Es findet daher eine Zwangssteuerung statt. Mit diesen Maßnahmen allein kann bei der gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die Luftzahl nicht unter allen Betriebsbedingungen konstant gehalten werden.In a differently constructed device (FR-PS 11 35 941), which works with a servomechanism and an auxiliary pressure medium, it is known per se to additionally provide a brering gas pressure adjusting device which is connected to the line for supplying the fuel gas stream. There is therefore a forced control. With these measures alone, the air ratio cannot be kept constant under all operating conditions in the generic device.

Grundsätzlich ist es bekannt (GB-A 11 57908) Ventilklappen so anzuordnen und einzurichten, daß sie sich nach Maßgabe eines Druckes einstellen, der an besonderer Stelle anliegt oder angelegt wird. Bei Brenngasverbrauchern anderer Gattung, denen die Verbrennungsluft mittels Gebläse über eine Rohrleitung zugeführt wird, ist es bekannt (The Institution of Gas Engineers, « Communication 1108 », 1979, S. 17, Fig. 10), die Luftmenge der jeweils eingestellten Brenngasmenge anzupassen und die Luftzahl unter allen Betriebsbedingungen praktisch konstant zu halten. Dazu arbeitet man mit einer Membran-Steuervorrichtung, deren Membranen vom Luftdruck und vom Brenngasdruck in den Rohrleitungen vor dem Brenngasverbraucher beaufschlagt sind und die ein Ventil in der Brenngasleitung so verstellt, daß sich die angestrebte konstante Luftzahl einstellt. Die eingangs beschriebenen Probleme bei atmosphärischen Brenngasverbrauchern sind durch diese bekannten Maßnahmen nicht beeinflußt worden, zumal sie nicht geeignet sind, gleichzeitig den Einfluß von Belastungsänderungen und wechselndem Schornsteinzug auszugleichen.Basically, it is known (GB-A 11 57908) to arrange and set up valve flaps in such a way that they set themselves in accordance with a pressure which is present or applied at a special point. In the case of fuel gas consumers of a different type, to which the combustion air is fed by means of a blower via a pipeline, it is known (The Institution of Gas Engineers, "Communication 1108", 1979, p. 17, Fig. 10) to adapt the air volume to the set fuel gas volume and to keep the air ratio practically constant under all operating conditions. To do this, one works with a membrane control device, the membranes of which are acted upon by the air pressure and the fuel gas pressure in the pipes in front of the fuel gas consumer and which adjusts a valve in the fuel gas line in such a way that the desired constant air ratio is established. The problems with atmospheric fuel gas consumers described at the outset have not been influenced by these known measures, especially since they are not suitable at the same time to compensate for the influence of changes in load and changing chimney draft.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der der Verbrennungsluftdurchsatz proportional zum Brenngasdurchsatz verändert werden kann, und zwar so, daß die Luftzahl unter allen Betriebsbedingungen ausreichend konstant gehalten wird.The invention has for its object to provide a generic device with which the combustion air flow rate can be changed proportional to the fuel gas flow rate, in such a way that the air ratio is kept sufficiently constant under all operating conditions.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe lehrt die Erfindung, daß zusätzlich eine Brenngasdruck-Stellvorrichtung vorgesehen wird, die an die Leitung zur Zuführung des Brenngasstromes angeschlossen ist und daß zwischen dem Einstellelement und der Brenngasdruck-Stellvorrichtung eine mechanische Stellverbindung angeordnet ist, welche Stellverbindung auf das Einstellelement eine Stellkraft ausübt, der die Luftkraft das Gleichgewicht hält. Im allgemeinen wird man eine vom Differenzdruck beaufschlagte Membran als Steuermembran einsetzen, welche in bekannter Weise auf in der Verbrennungsluftzuführung oder im Abgasweg befindliche Einstellelemente in Form von Mengenreglern, die z. B. als Drossel-, Dreh-oder Pendelklappe ausgeführt sind, einwirkt. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 bis 5 und der Figuren, die im folgenden beschrieben werden. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung

  • Figur 1 das Prinzip einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Einstellung des Verbrennungsluftstromes bei Brenngasverbrauchern,
  • Figur 2 einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus dem Gegenstand der Fig. 1,
  • Figur 3 die Anordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei einem Raumgasheizgerät mit direktem Kaminanschluß,
  • Figur 4 die Anordnung einer erfindungsgemäßan Vorrichtung in einem zu einem Gebläsebrenner führenden Verbrennungsluftkanal und
  • Figur 5 die Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei einem Wasserheizer mit direktem Kaminanschluß.
To achieve this object, the invention teaches that a fuel gas pressure adjusting device is additionally provided, which is connected to the line for supplying the fuel gas flow, and that a mechanical actuating connection is arranged between the adjusting element and the fuel gas pressure adjusting device, which actuating connection has an actuating force on the adjusting element that balances the air force. In general, you will use a membrane acted upon by the differential pressure as a control membrane, which in a known manner on adjusting elements located in the combustion air supply or in the exhaust gas path in the form of flow regulators which, for. B. are designed as a throttle, rotary or pendulum valve. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of claims 2 to 5 and the figures, which are described below. They show a schematic representation
  • 1 shows the principle of a device according to the invention for adjusting the combustion air flow in fuel gas consumers,
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail from the subject of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of a device according to the invention in a room gas heating device with a direct chimney connection,
  • Figure 4 shows the arrangement of a device according to the invention in a combustion air duct leading to a forced air burner and
  • Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the device according to the invention in a water heater with a direct chimney connection.

Die in den Figuren dargestellten Vorrichtung zur Einstellung des Verbrennungsluftstromes 1 bei mit vorgegebener Luftzahl zu betreibenden atmosphärischen Brenngasverbrauchern 2 mit Verbrennungsraum 3 besteht in ihrem grundsätzlichen Aufbau zunächst

  • aus einen Einstellelement 4 für einen Strömungsquerschnitt 5 aus
  • einer Leitung 6 für die Zuführung eines Brenngasstromes 7 zum Brenngasverbraucher 2.
The device shown in the figures for adjusting the combustion air flow 1 in the case of atmospheric fuel gas consumers 2 with combustion chamber 3 to be operated with a predetermined air number initially consists of its basic structure
  • from an adjusting element 4 for a flow cross section 5
  • a line 6 for supplying a fuel gas stream 7 to the fuel gas consumer 2.

An dem Einstellelement 4 greift eine Kraft an, die aus dem Verbrennungsluftstrom 1 resultiert. Zusätzlich ist erfindungsgemäß eine Brenngasdruck-Stellvorrichtung 8 vorgesehen. Diese ist an die Leitung 6 zur Zuführung des Brenngasstromes 7 vor der Gasdüse angeschlossen. An die Brenngasdruck-Stellvorrichtung 8 ist ein Stelltrieb 9 angeschlossen, wobei die Anordnung und Auslegung stets so getroffen ist, daß das Einstellelement 4 über diesen Stelltrieb 9 mit ausreichender Genauigkeit auf die vorgegebene Luftzahl eingestellt wird. Das wird im folgenden zunächst anhand der Figuren 1 und 2 ausführlicher erläutert.A force acts on the setting element 4 which results from the combustion air stream 1. In addition, a fuel gas pressure adjusting device 8 is provided according to the invention. This is connected to the line 6 for supplying the fuel gas stream 7 in front of the gas nozzle. An actuator 9 is connected to the fuel gas pressure adjusting device 8, the arrangement and design always being such that the adjusting element 4 is adjusted with sufficient accuracy to the predetermined air ratio via this actuator 9. This is first explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen eine in der Verbrennungsluftzuführung 10 für den Verbrennungsluftstrom 1 für einen Brenngasverbraucher 2 mit direktem Kaminanschluß (ohne Strömungssicherung) angeordnete Pendelklappe 4 als Einstellelement, von deren Stellung die Größe des variablen Strömungsquerschnittes 5 abhängt. Die konstante Durchtrittsöffnung 11 bestimmt zusammen mit dem an der wirksamen Fläche FL der Pendelklappe 4 herrschenden Differenzdruck APL den Luftdurchsatz. Über den Hebelarm der Pendelklappe 4 bzw. über das als Stelltrieb 9 dienende Hebelsystem wirken am Drehpunkt 12 die Momente der Kraft, die von dem Differenzdruck APL auf die Fläche FL ausgeübt wird, und der Kraft, die vom Gasdruck ΔPG auf die wirksame Steuermembranfläche FG ausgeübt wird, in entgegengesetzter Richtung. Bei richtiger Dimensionierung von Pendelklappe 4 und Steuermembran 13 der Brenngasdruck-Stellvorrichtung 8, nimmt die Pendelklappe 4 eine Winkellage zwischen den beiden möglichen Extremlagen so ein, daß beide Momente im Gleichgewicht stehen.1 and 2 show a swing flap 4 arranged in the combustion air supply 10 for the combustion air flow 1 for a fuel gas consumer 2 with a direct chimney connection (without flow protection) as an adjusting element, the position of which depends on the size of the variable flow cross section 5. The constant passage opening 11, together with the differential pressure AP L prevailing on the effective surface F L of the pendulum flap 4, determines the air throughput. The moments of the force exerted by the differential pressure AP L on the surface F L and the force acting on the effective pressure from the gas pressure ΔP G act on the fulcrum 12 via the lever arm of the pendulum flap 4 or via the lever system serving as the actuator 9 Control membrane surface F G is exerted in the opposite direction. With the correct dimensioning of the pendulum flap 4 and the control membrane 13 of the fuel gas pressure adjusting device 8, the pendulum flap 4 assumes an angular position between the two possible extreme positions so that both moments are in equilibrium.

Es muß also die folgende Beziehung - und zwar für alle Ausführungsformen - gelten :

Figure imgb0001
The following relationship must therefore apply to all of the embodiments:
Figure imgb0001

Hierbei bedeuten :

  • APG = Differenzdruck des Gases (entsprechend der einleitend genannten Definition),
  • APL = Differenzdruck der Luft an der konstanten Durchtrittsöffnung 11,
  • FL = wirksame Fläche der Pendelklappe 4,
  • FG = wirksame Fläche der Steuermembran 13 der Brenngasdruck-Stellvorrichtung 8,
  • rG = Hebelarm der Kraft ΔPG · FG,
  • rL = Hebelarm der Kraft ΔPL · FL.
Here mean:
  • AP G = differential pressure of the gas (according to the definition mentioned in the introduction),
  • AP L = differential pressure of the air at the constant passage opening 11,
  • F L = effective area of the pendulum flap 4,
  • F G = effective area of the control membrane 13 of the fuel gas pressure adjusting device 8,
  • r G = lever arm of the force ΔP G · F G ,
  • r L = lever arm of the force ΔP L · F L.

Die Steuermembran 13 befindet sich in einem Manometergehäuse 14. Ihre Oberseite wird mit dem Druck des Brenngasstromes 7 vor der Gasdüse und ihre Unterseite mit dem Verbrennungsluftdruck, der im wesentlichen durch den Kaminsog bestimmt wird, beaufschlagt.The control membrane 13 is located in a manometer housing 14. Its top side is pressurized with the pressure of the fuel gas stream 7 in front of the gas nozzle and its underside with the combustion air pressure, which is essentially determined by the chimney draft.

Der Schlupfspalt 15 ist für die reibungslose Bewegung der Pendelklappe 4 notwendig ; er wird so klein wie möglich gehalten, um einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf den Luftdurchsatz zu vermeiden.The slip gap 15 is necessary for the smooth movement of the swing flap 4; it is kept as small as possible to avoid a significant influence on the air flow.

Die wirksamen Flächen FL und FG und die Hebelarme rG und rL sind so aufeinander abzustimmen, daß sich die Pendelklappe 4 bei maximaler Wärmebelastung des Gerätes und dem kleinstmöglichen Schornsteinzug gerade auf die Lage « voll geöffnet » einstellt.The effective areas F L and F G and the lever arms r G and r L are to be coordinated with one another in such a way that the swing flap 4 adjusts itself to the “fully open” position when the device is subjected to maximum heat and the smallest possible chimney draft.

In Fig.3 ist schematisch der Verbrennungsraum 3 eines Raumheizgerätes mit direktem Kaminanschluß (ohne Strömungssicherung) dargestellt, dem der Verbrennungsluftstrom 1 durch eine gesteuerte Pendelklappe 4 zugeführt wird, und zwar einerseits durch eine nicht veränderbare Durchtrittsöffnung 11 der Pendelklappe 4 und andererseits durch eine von der Pendelklappe 4 und einem Anschlagring 16 gebildeten veränderbaren Strömungsquerschnitt 5, dessen Größe von der Stellung der Pendelklappe 4 abhängig ist.In Figure 3, the combustion chamber 3 of a space heater with direct chimney connection (without flow protection) is shown schematically, to which the combustion air stream 1 is fed through a controlled pendulum flap 4, on the one hand through an unchangeable passage opening 11 of the pendulum flap 4 and on the other hand by one of the Pendulum flap 4 and a stop ring 16 formed variable flow cross-section 5, the size of which depends on the position of the pendulum flap 4.

Die Stellung der Pendelklappe 4 wird durch den an ihr angreifenden Differenzdruck zwischen dem Außenluftdruck und dem Luftdruck in dem Raum, der von der Pendelklappe 4 und den Wänden der Luftzuführung sowie des Verbrennungsraumes 3 umschlossen wird, und durch die einerseits mit dem Gasdruck vor der Gasdüse des Brenngasverbrauchers 2, andererseits mit Hilfe des auch als Stelltrieb 4 dienenden Luftzuführungsröhrchens mit dem Druck im Verbrennungsraum 3, der im wesentlichen durch den Kaminsog bestimmt wird, beaufschlagte Steuermembran 13 gesteuert. Eine Ausgleichsmembran 17, die einerseits ebenfalls über das als Stelltrieb dienende Luftzuführungsröhrchen mit dem Verbrennungsraum-Druck, andererseits mit dem Druck der Umgebungsluft beaufschlagt wird, dient zur Kompensation eines Teils der vom Verbrennungsraum 3 auf die Pendelklappe 4 wirkenden Kraft, und zwar für den Eintrittsquerschnitt des Verbrennungsraumes 3, der durch den Anschlagring 16 begrenzt wird.The position of the pendulum flap 4 is determined by the differential pressure acting on it between the outside air pressure and the air pressure in the room, which is enclosed by the pendulum flap 4 and the walls of the air supply and the combustion chamber 3, and by the one hand with the gas pressure in front of the gas nozzle of the Fuel gas consumer 2, on the other hand controlled with the aid of the air supply tube also serving as actuator 4 with the pressure in the combustion chamber 3, which is essentially determined by the chimney draft, controlled control membrane 13. A compensating membrane 17, which is also acted upon by the combustion chamber pressure via the air supply tube serving as an actuator, and on the other hand by the pressure of the ambient air, serves to compensate for part of the force acting on the pendulum flap 4 from the combustion chamber 3, specifically for the inlet cross section of the Combustion chamber 3, which is limited by the stop ring 16.

In Fig. 4 ist die Vorrichtung an einer zu einem Luftgebläse führende Leitung 18 angeordnet, in der sich (an beliebiger Stelle) eine Stauscheibe 19 oder eine andere, einen Druckabfall bewirkende Vorrichtung mit der konstanten Durchtrittsöffnung 11 befindet. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist an sich bekannt (DE-B 10 13027 und DE-A 26 30 414). Die Steuermembran 13 wird von dem Differenzdruck einer in der Gaszuführungsleitung der Einrichtung 6 angeordneten Meßblende 20 beaufschlagt. Sie wirkt über ein Hebelsystem als Stelltrieb 9 auf eine Drehklappe 4 mit der variablen Durchtrittsöffnung 5 ein, deren Form den unterschiedlichen Strömungsverhältnissen auf der An- und Abströmseite Rechnung trägt, d. h. die Drehklappe 4 ist derart ausgebildet, daß auf sie keine aus der anliegenden Druckdifferenz bzw. aus der Durchströmung des Strömungsquerschnitts 5 resultierenden Drehmomente, sondern lediglich die aus der Druckdifferenz an der Stauscheibe 19 resultierenden Kräfte einwirken.4, the device is arranged on a line 18 leading to an air blower, in which a baffle plate 19 or another device with a constant passage opening 11 causing a pressure drop is located (at any point). Such a device is known per se (DE-B 10 13027 and DE-A 26 30 414). The control membrane 13 is acted upon by the differential pressure of a measuring orifice 20 arranged in the gas supply line of the device 6. It acts via a lever system as an actuator 9 on a rotary flap 4 with the variable passage opening 5, the shape of which takes into account the different flow conditions on the inflow and outflow side, ie. H. the rotary valve 4 is designed such that it does not have any torques resulting from the pressure difference present or from the flow through the flow cross section 5, but only the forces resulting from the pressure difference on the baffle plate 19.

Bei dem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Wasserheizer mit direktem Kaminanschluß (ohne Strömungssicherung) erfolgt die Einstellung des Verbrennungsstromes 1 durch Veränderung des freien Strömungsquerschnitts 5 im Strömungsweg der Abgase 21. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist an sich bekannt (US-A41 82483). Die hier verwendete Vorrichtung besitzt drei Membranen 13, 17, 22, deren oberste Steuermembran 13 einerseits mit dem Gasdruck des Brenngasstromes 7 vor der Brenngasdüse 2 andererseits mit dem Druck des Abgases 21 hinter einem Wärmetauscher 23 beaufschlagt wird. Der zuletzt genannte Druck wirkt gleichzeitig auf die zweite Steuermembran 22, die andererseits mit dem Druck des Abgases 21 vor dem Wärmetauscher 23 beaufschlagt wird. Dieser Druck wirkt außerdem auf eine Ausgleichsmembran 17, die andererseits vom Kaminsog beaufschlagt wird. Durch diese Anordnung der Membranen 13, 17, 22 wird der Differenzdruck am Einstellglied 4 zwischen dem Druck nach Wärmetauscher 23 und Kaminsog kompensiert und der Stelltrieb 9, der mit dem Einstellelement 4 den freien Strömungsquerschnitt 5 im Strömungsweg der Abgase 21 beeinflußt, von der Druckdifferenz am Wärmetauscher 23 und dem Differenzdruck ΔP□ gesteuert. Der Stelltrieb 9 besteht bei dieser Ausführungsform aus einer Stellstange, auf der einerseits die Membranen 13,17, 22 und andererseits das Einstellelement 4 befestigt ist.In the water heater shown in FIG. 5 with a direct chimney connection (without flow protection), the combustion stream 1 is set by changing the free flow cross section 5 in the flow path the exhaust gases 21. Such a device is known per se (US-A41 82483). The device used here has three membranes 13, 17, 22, the uppermost control membrane 13 is acted upon on the one hand by the gas pressure of the fuel gas stream 7 in front of the fuel gas nozzle 2 and on the other hand by the pressure of the exhaust gas 21 behind a heat exchanger 23. The last-mentioned pressure acts simultaneously on the second control membrane 22, which on the other hand is subjected to the pressure of the exhaust gas 21 upstream of the heat exchanger 23. This pressure also acts on a compensating membrane 17, which on the other hand is acted upon by the chimney suction. This arrangement of the membranes 13, 17, 22 compensates for the differential pressure at the setting member 4 between the pressure after the heat exchanger 23 and the chimney suction and the actuator 9, which influences the free flow cross section 5 in the flow path of the exhaust gases 21 with the setting element 4, from the pressure difference on Heat exchanger 23 and the differential pressure ΔP □ controlled. In this embodiment, the actuator 9 consists of an actuator rod on which the diaphragms 13, 17, 22 on the one hand and the adjusting element 4 on the other hand are fastened.

Die Besonderheiten dieser Anordnung bestehen darin, daß anstelle eines Mengenreglers im Wege des Verbrennungsluftstromes 1 der Druckabfall am Wärmetauscher 23 im Strömungsweg der Abgase 21 - deren Menge der Verbrennungsluftmenge proportional ist - verwendet wird. Obwohl die Strömungscharakteristik der Abgase im Wärmetauscher 23 weitestgehend laminar ist, während die der Brennerdüse des Brenngasverbrauchers 2 vorzugsweise turbulent ist, wird auch bei dieser Art des Steuerung bzw. Regelung die Luftzahl bei Laständerungen praktisch konstant gehalten. Das ist möglich, weil die Temperatur der Abgase 21 mit steigender Belastung ansteigt und der Strömungswiderstand, bezogen auf gleichen Mengendurchsatz, etwa proportional zur 1,8ten Potenz der Abgastemperatur wächst. Aus diesem Grunde wirkt der Wärmetauscher 23 (bei Wärmebelastungswechsel) ähnlich wie ein Strömungswiderstand mit turbulenter Strömungscharakteristik im kalten Verbrennungsluftstrom 1. Die eingangs genannte Angleichung der Strömungscharakteristik kann in diesem Falle durch entsprechende Ausbildung der Gasaustrittsöffnung (z. B. in Form einer Langlochdüse) erfolgen.The peculiarities of this arrangement are that instead of a flow controller in the way of the combustion air flow 1, the pressure drop at the heat exchanger 23 in the flow path of the exhaust gases 21 - the amount of which is proportional to the amount of combustion air - is used. Although the flow characteristic of the exhaust gases in the heat exchanger 23 is largely laminar, while that of the burner nozzle of the fuel gas consumer 2 is preferably turbulent, the air ratio is kept practically constant in the case of load changes even with this type of control. This is possible because the temperature of the exhaust gases 21 increases with increasing load and the flow resistance, based on the same volume flow rate, increases approximately in proportion to the 1.8 power of the exhaust gas temperature. For this reason, the heat exchanger 23 (in the event of a change in heat load) acts in a similar way to a flow resistance with turbulent flow characteristics in the cold combustion air stream 1. In this case, the above-mentioned adjustment of the flow characteristics can take place by appropriately designing the gas outlet opening (for example in the form of a slot nozzle).

In allen Fällen wird erreicht, daß der Verbrennungsluftdurchsatz proportional zum Brenngasdurchsatz verändert wird, wobei die Luftzahl unter allen Betriebsbedingungen weitgehend konstant gehalten wird. Die Luftzahl wird insbesondere auch dann konstant gehalten, wenn der Schornsteinzug - infolge langsamer Erwärmung des Schonsteines nach einer länger andauernden Regelabschaltung des Brenngasverbrauchers 2 oder infolge atmosphärischer Einflüsse - sich ändert. Daher kann bei Brenngasverbrauchern 2 mit atmosphärischen Brennern auf die sonst notwendige Strömungssicherung verzichtet werden, wodurch deren negative Auswirkungen auf den Schornsteinzug, insbesondere bei mehrfach belegten Schornsteinen, vermieden werden.In all cases it is achieved that the combustion air throughput is changed in proportion to the fuel gas throughput, the air ratio being kept largely constant under all operating conditions. The air ratio is kept constant in particular when the chimney draft changes - as a result of the slow warming up of the stone after a prolonged shutdown of the fuel gas consumer 2 or as a result of atmospheric influences. Therefore, with fuel gas consumers 2 with atmospheric burners, the otherwise necessary flow protection can be dispensed with, as a result of which their negative effects on the chimney draft, in particular in the case of chimneys which are occupied several times, are avoided.

Claims (5)

1. An appliance for regulation of the current of combustion air in atmospheric combustion gas burners with combustion chamber (3) that are to be operated with a specified air ratio, with a regulating unit (4) for a flow cross-section (5) located beyond an opening (11) of constant cross-section in the direction of flow of the current of combustion air, and a pipe (6) for the supply of a current of combustion gas to the combustion gas burner, in which an aerodynamic force resulting from the current of combustion air acts on the regulating unit (4), characterized in that a combustion gas pressure adjustment device (8) is additionally provided and attached to the pipe (6) for supply of the current of combustion gas, and that a machanical adjustment connection is arranged between the regulating unit (4) and the combustion gas pressure adjustment device, which exerts a controlling force on the regulating unit (4) that maintains the equilibrium of the aerodynamic force.
2. An appliance according to Claim 1 with a swinging shutter as regulating unit and a flow cross-section for the combustion air controlled by the position of the swinging shutter, characterized in that the combustion gas pressure adjustment device (8) possesses a control membrane (13) in a manometer housing (14), one side of which membrane is acted upon by the pressure of the current of combustion gas (7) and the other side by the pressure of the combustion air (1) or the pressure in the combustion chamber (3), and that an adjusting lever (9) connected to the swinging shutter (4) e. g. by a lever arm of the swinging shutter (4) is attached to the control membrane (13) as control drive (Figs 1, 2).
3. An appliance according to Claim 2 in which the control membrane is acted upon by the pressure in the combustion chamber, characterized in that the combustion gas pressure adjustment device (8) possesses an additional equalization membrane (17) which is connected in series with the control membrane (13), and that the equalization membrane (17) is acted upon one side by the pressure in the combustion chamber (3) and on the other side by the pressure of the external air (Fig. 3).
4. An appliance according to Claim 1, in which the regulating unit is constructed as a rotating shutter and is located in a combustion air channel, characterized in that the force resulting from the current of combustion air (1) acts on the rotating shutter (4) via a baffle plate (19) placed in front of it, and that the combustion gas pressure adjustment device (8) is provided with a control membrane (13) in a'manometer housing and acts on the baffle plate (19) and the rotating shutter (4) by an adjusting lever (9) (Fig. 4).
5. An appliance according to Claim 1, in which the regulating unit is located in the path of the exit gases beyond a heat-exchanger, characterized in that the combustion gas pressure adjustment device (8) in a manometer housing (14) possesses a first control membrane (13), a second control membrane (22) and an equalization membrane (17), in which the first control membrane (13) is acted upon on one side by the combustion gas pressure and on the other side by the pressure of the exit gas (21) beyond the heat-exchanger (23) ; the second control membrane (22) is acted upon on one side by the pressure of the exit gas (21) beyond the heat-exchanger (23) and on the other side by the pressure of the exit gas (21) before the heat-exchanger (23) ; and the equalization membrane (17) is acted upon on one side by the pressure of the exit gas before the heat-exchanger (23) and on the other side by the exit gas (21) as it flows out; and that the membranes (13, 17, 22) are connected together by a common adjustment bar (9) which is attached to regulating unit (4).
EP81101522A 1980-03-15 1981-03-04 Combustion air flow control apparatus for combustion gas users Expired EP0036126B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101522T ATE7073T1 (en) 1980-03-15 1981-03-04 DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE COMBUSTION AIR FLOW FOR FUEL GAS CONSUMER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3010014 1980-03-15
DE19803010014 DE3010014A1 (en) 1980-03-15 1980-03-15 DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE COMBUSTION AIR FLOW FOR COMBUSTION GAS CONSUMERS

Publications (2)

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EP0036126A1 EP0036126A1 (en) 1981-09-23
EP0036126B1 true EP0036126B1 (en) 1984-04-11

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EP81101522A Expired EP0036126B1 (en) 1980-03-15 1981-03-04 Combustion air flow control apparatus for combustion gas users

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US (2) US4396371A (en)
EP (1) EP0036126B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE7073T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3010014A1 (en)
DK (1) DK149236C (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK114281A (en) 1981-09-16
EP0036126A1 (en) 1981-09-23
US4509913A (en) 1985-04-09
DK149236B (en) 1986-04-01
ATE7073T1 (en) 1984-04-15
DE3010014C2 (en) 1987-01-15
DE3010014A1 (en) 1981-09-24
US4396371A (en) 1983-08-02
DK149236C (en) 1986-09-29

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