EP0029523B1 - Miniatur-Fotoblitzlampe und Verfahren zur Herstellung - Google Patents

Miniatur-Fotoblitzlampe und Verfahren zur Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0029523B1
EP0029523B1 EP19800106716 EP80106716A EP0029523B1 EP 0029523 B1 EP0029523 B1 EP 0029523B1 EP 19800106716 EP19800106716 EP 19800106716 EP 80106716 A EP80106716 A EP 80106716A EP 0029523 B1 EP0029523 B1 EP 0029523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
envelope
flash
wires
photoflash lamp
lead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800106716
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0029523A1 (de
Inventor
Andre C. Bouchard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram Sylvania Inc
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GTE Products Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GTE Products Corp filed Critical GTE Products Corp
Publication of EP0029523A1 publication Critical patent/EP0029523A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0029523B1 publication Critical patent/EP0029523B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K5/00—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices
    • F21K5/02—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb

Definitions

  • the invention relates to photoflash lamps and particularly to photoflash lamps of the miniature variety (those having an internal volume of about 1.0 cubic centimeter or less), and to a method for making such lamps.
  • an electrically activated photoflash lamp comprising a light-transmitting envelope, a flash-producing composition located within said envelope for burning in a substantially localized manner to provide a flash of light, upon ignition thereof, said composition including a predetermined quantity of a powdered metal material and a predetermined quantity of a powdered oxidizer material, and means for electrically igniting said flash-producing composition, comprising a pair of conductive lead-in wires secured within a wall or end portion of said envelope and having exposed, conductive end portions extending within said envelope.
  • the flash producing mixture is substantially physically separated from the lamp igniter, the filament, and the metallic supports or lead-in conductors. This requirement necessitates use of a comparably large lamp envelope and therefore precludes the design of miniature flash lamps. In a miniature flash lamp there is simply not enough room for physically separating the flash producing mixture from the other components required to be located within the lamp envelope.
  • Miniature flash lamps per se are prior known.
  • One type, as disclosed in US-A-3893798 typically includes a quantity of shredded, combustible foil, and a pressurized combustion-supporting atmosphere within the envelope. It is essential that the envelope is hermetically sealed in order to contain the atmosphere and assure operability of the lamp.
  • This goal can be achieved, according to the invention, by suitably modifying the prior art photoflash lamp comprising, among others, a flash-producing composition including powdered metal material and powdered oxidizer material if and when that prior art lamp is modified so that said envelope has an internal volume equal to or less than about 1 cubic centimeter and said igniting means extend within said envelope and in contact with said flash-producing composition, as is known per se in photoflash lamps containing a filamentary combustible metal and combustion supporting gas, that said powdered metal material has a particle size within the range of from 10 to 150 microns, and that said lead-in wires each include an insulative coating thereon and are twisted about each other.
  • the flash producing characteristics become satisfactory in spite of the physical closeness, and simultaneously the igniting means may be made very sturdy for ease of assembly without occupying an unacceptably large portion of precious space within a miniature lamp.
  • the flash lamps including a combustion-supporting atmosphere on the one hand and flash lamps including an oxidant in lieu of that, is to be found in that in the latter type of lamp it is not necessary to hermetically seal the lamp envelope. As soon as it is not necessary to hermetically seal the lamp envelope, it becomes acceptable that the envelope material will not completely adhere to the lead-in wire(s).
  • the requirement of complete adherence can be dispensed with, it becomes feasible to use a coating between the wire, and the envelope material even in a mass production environment. If the lead-in wires can be provided with a coating, to insulate them from each other, it is feasible to use twisted wires, which leads to a very sturdy construction for the igniting means for its size.
  • a method for making a miniature, electrically- activated photoflash lamp comprising: providing a tubular, light-transmitting member having first and second open ends, positioning a pair of conductive lead-in wires within said first of said open ends and sealing said first open end with said wires therein such that an end portion of each of said wires extends within said tubular member, positioning a quantity of flash-producing material within said second open end of said tubular member and in operative engagement with said extending end of said lead-in wires, and sealing said second open end of said tubular member to define a light-transmitting envelope, said envelope having an internal volume equal to or less than about one cubic centimetre.
  • the flash lamps made by this method are ones having a pressurized, combustion-supporting atmosphere.
  • This prior art method is according to the invention characterized in that an insulative coating is provided on said lead-in wires, and said wires are twisted about each other, both prior to sealing said wires within said first of said open ends of said light-transmitting member, and that said flash-producing material includes a predetermined quantity of a powdered metal material and a powdered oxidizer material for burning in a substantially localized manner to provide a flash of light upon ignition thereof, said powdered metal material having a particle size within the range of 10 microns to 150 microns, and that said flash-producing material is positioned in contact with said extending end of said lead-in wires.
  • a miniature photoflash lamp 10 is shown as including a light-transmitting envelope 13, a flash-producing composition 15 within envelope 13 for providing the light output for lamp 10 upon ignition thereof, and ignition means 17 for igniting composition 15 to provide said output.
  • miniature is meant a lamp having an envelope with an internal volume no greater than about 1.0 cubic centimeter.
  • Envelope 13 is preferably cylindrical (tubular), and in one embodiment of the invention possessed an internal diameter of about 0.343 centimeters, an internal length of about 10.00 centimeters, and a wall thickness of about 0.127 centimeters.
  • the preferred material for envelope 13 is plastic (polypropylene) which, having the above dimensions, results in the envelope being translucent. It is understood, of course, that other plastic materials and dimensional variations are possible, including those which provide a transparent vessel. It is also possible to use glass as the envelope material.
  • Flash-producing composition 15 comprises a predetermined quantity of a powdered metal (serving as the fuel) and a predetermined quantity of oxidizer (serving as the oxygen supplier).
  • the preferred powdered metal material is zirconium while the preferred oxidizer material is potassium chlorate.
  • Other acceptable oxidizers include potassium perchlorate and sodium chlorate while another acceptable metal is hafnium.
  • one of the primary features of the instant invention is the use of a relatively large particle size metal powder as a key ingredient of the powdered flash-producing composition (15). It was found that zirconium powders having particle sizes ranging from about 10 to about 150 microns could be successfully used to provide desired light outputs without sacrificing containment of the finished product's envelope. Improvements in color temperature were also attained using these particles, and it was possible to readily adjust flash duration times.
  • an oxidizer having a particle size within the range of about 70 to about 150 microns. It is understood, however, that smaller sizes (e.g., 10 microns) could be used without adversely affecting the benefits derived from the present invention.
  • envelope 13 contains an atmosphere of air which in effect serves to support combustion. Permitting air to remain in the envelope during formation thereof eliminates the costly procedures of either extracting such atmosphere (e.g., to form a vacuum) or injecting same at high pressures, as typically required in known miniature lamps.
  • the aforedefined fuels when used in plastic vessel lamps, should radiate at color temperatures of at least 4000 degrees K.
  • the finished lamps of the instant invention were all capable of attaining these desired levels. It was also possible to obtain light outputs approaching 500 lumen seconds and, by varying the fuel-oxidizer ratios, to vary the pulse (flash) duration of the output from about 5 to 30 milliseconds. Specifically, increasing the oxidizer content resulted in flash durations approaching the higher time values while excess fuel material produced short durations.
  • Use of large particle fuels in an air-containing plastic envelope further permitted employment of large quantities of composition 15, in comparison to existing miniature lamps. For example, it was possible to successfully utilize flash-producing compositions weighing from about ' 25 to about 35 milligrams in a 1.0 cubic centimeter envelope. Higher ratios (composition: envelope volume) are attainable when using smaller sized envelopes.
  • Ignition means 17 is shown in Fig. 1 as including a pair of conductive lead-in wires 19 and 21 each having an 0.03 centimeters diameter copper wire cover by a .005 centimeters insulative coating. Wires 19 and 21 are twisted about each other (about 4 turns per centimeter) into the configuration shown and sealed within a bottom (end) portion of envelope 13. Understandably, it is also possible to secure these members within one of the envelope's side walls or within the opposing, upper end. Exposed ends 23 of wires 19 and 21 extend within envelope 13 approximately 0.318 centimeters and include thereon a quantity of primer material 25. As shown, ends 23 are spacedly oriented with portions of primer 25 located therebetween.
  • a suitable power source e.g., a piezoelectric element
  • a typical ignition voltage is about 3000 volts.
  • the deflagrating primer 25 in turn ignites powdered composition 15. It is preferred that primer 25 be located within composition 15 or protrude slightly therefrom as illustrated in Fig. 1. It is possible to eliminate primer 25 in the present invention and directly ignite composition 15 using the spark generated between ends 23 of wires 19 and 21. In such an arrangement, ends 23 are thus defined as being in operative engagement with composition 15 (e.g., by being inserted therein).
  • primer 25 it is preferred, however, to utilize primer 25 in that less energy will be required to achieve ignition of lamp 10.
  • a primer material successfully used included about 78 percent zirconium powder, 16 percent potassium perchlorate, 4 percent Alon C, and 2 percent nitrocellulose.
  • Another suitable example included 50 percent zirconium, 30 percent potassium perchlorate, 10 percent tungstic oxide, 4 percent Alon C, 4 percent glass beads, and 2 percent nitrocellulose. All of the above percentages are by weight of the mixture.
  • Methyl cellulose acetate was used as a solvent in preparation of both of the defined primers.
  • Application of primer to the ends 23 of wires 19 and 21 was achieved by dipping these ends into the liquid suspension and withdrawing slowly (e.g., 0.635 centimeters per second). The coated ends were than sealed within the end of envelope 13 as illustrated. Approximately 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of primer was utilized in lamp 10.
  • composition 15 electrically, it is also within the scope of the invention to utilize percussively actuated means for this purpose.
  • a metal primer tube such as described in US-A-3,535,063 (Anderson et al) could be employed and project from the bottom end of envelope 13. Deformation of the tube would result in deflagration of the fulminating material therein up through the tube and ignition of composition 15 located within the envelope 13 in a similar manner to that depicted in Fig. 1.
  • US-A-3,535,063 are thus incorporated herein by reference.
  • the upper portion (approximately 9 centimeters of the envelope's length) of envelope 13 was optically darkened (masked) and the defined light output readings were taken from only the remaining "active" light-transmitting region of the envelope. It is understood from the above that composition 15 occupies this region and that the optically darkened portion thus represents an expansion chamber for gases generated during ignition.
  • the "active" region emits a relatively large proportion of the lamp's total output due primarily to the beneficial results of using large grain size fuels which assure localized burning. Accordingly, the total light output of the invention will be greater than that indicated below wherein optical masking was used on envelope 13.
  • Flash-producing composition 15.9 milligrams zirconium powder (particle size: 15-20 microns) and 14.1 milligrams potassium chlorate powder (particle size: less than 74 microns)
  • Flash-producing composition 15.9 milligrams zirconium powder (particle size: 15-20 microns) and 14.1 milligrams potassium chlorate powder (particle size: 74-149 microns).
  • Flash-producing composition 15.9 milligrams zirconium powder (particle size: 44-74 microns) and 14.1 milligrams potassium chlorate powder (particle size: 74-149 microns).
  • Flash-producing composition 15.9 milligrams zirconium powder (particle size: 44-74 microns) and 14.1 milligrams potassium chlorate powder (particle size: less than 74 microns).
  • Flash-producing composition 15.9 milligrams zirconium power (particle size: 74-149 microns) and 14.1 milligrams potassium chlorate powder (particle size: less than 74 microns).
  • the aforedescribed dual wire electrical ignition means (including primer) was used to ignite the described flash-producing compositions.
  • a piezoelectric element served as the requisite voltage source.
  • zirconium powder had a particle size less than 10 microns (e.g., 3 microns). Ignition of the lamps resulted in rupture of the plastic envelope.
  • the above lamps were each produced by initially providing a piece of elongated, polypropylene tubing having opposed (first and second) open ends and the described internal diameter (0.343 centimeters).
  • Wires 19 and 21 were oriented within the block's aperture to extend within the recessed portion whereupon the polypropylene tubing was lowered about the wiring until engagement was effected between the recess and the tube's first open end.
  • composition 15 was then dropped (using a funnel) into the upright tubing through the second open end.
  • the composition fell to the bottom (first end) to surround the extending ends of wires 19 and 21 in the manner shown in Fig. 1.
  • Positioning of composition 15 can be facilitated by moisture-dampening (e.g., using water) the composition prior to insertion.
  • dampening resulted in a more homogeneous mixture (less particle segregation) than a simple dry (loose) mixture of the same material, particularly when using the larger, coarser grains.
  • the tubular members were located in an oven and dried (100 degrees C for about 10 minutes) prior to subsequent processing.
  • the next step in producing lamps 10 involved sealing the remaining (or second) open end. This process simply involved inserting the second end within the recess of the aforedescribed, heated aluminum block until closure was accomplished and a completed envelope was defined.
  • envelope 13 needn't be completely (hermetically) sealed at either end as is required in the above, combustible-type lamps containing a pressurized, oxygen atmosphere therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Elektrisch aktivierte Photoblitzlampe bestehend aus einem lichtdurchlässigen Kolben, einer blitzerzeugenden Mischung, die im Kolben angeordnet ist, um in einer im wesentlichen lokalisierten Weise nach Zündung so zu verbrennen, daß ein Lichtblitz geliefert wird, wobei diese Mischung eine vorbestimmte Menge eines pulverförmigen metallischen Werkstoffes und eine vorgegebene Menge eines gepulverten Oxydationsmaterials enthält, und Mitteln zum elektrischen Zünden der blitzerzeugenden Mischung, bestehend aus einem Paar leitender Zulietungsdrähte, die in einer Wand oder einem Endteil des Kolbens festgelegt sind und freigelegte, lietende Endteile aufweisen, die sich in den Kolben hinein erstrecken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolben ein Innenvolumen gleich oder kleiner als etwa 1 Kubikzentimeter hat und die Zündmittel sich in den Kolben hinein erstrecken und in Kontakt mit der blitzerzeugenden Mischung stehen, wie an sich in Photobilitzlampen bekannt die ein verbrennbares Metall in Fadenform und ein verbrennungsförderndes Gas enthalten, daß der pulverförmige metallische Werkstoff eine Partikelgröße im Bereich von 10-150 Mikron hat, und daß die Zuleitungsdrähte jeweils eine isolierende Beschichtung tragen und umeinander verdrillt sind.
3. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1 bei der Werkstoff für den Kolben aus der Gruppe gewählt ist, die aus Glas und Kunststoff besteht.
3. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 2, bei der der Kunststoff Polypropylen ist.
4. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1 bei der der pulverförmig metallische Werkstoff aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Zirkon und Hafnium besteht.
5. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1 bei der das gepulverte Oxydationsmittel aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Kaliumchlorat, Kaliumperchlorat und Natriumchlorat besteht.
6. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1 bei der das Verhältnis der blitzerzeugenden Mischung zum Innenvolumen des Kolbens im Bereich von 25 Milligramm pro Kubikzentimeter bis 35 Milligram pro Kubikzentimeter liegt.
7. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1 bei der der pulverförmige Oxydationsmittel-Werkstoff eine Partikelgröße im Bereich von 70 Mikron bis 150 Mikron hat.
8. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1, die weiter eine verbrennungsfördernde Atmosphäre innerhalb des Kolbens aufweist, wobei diese Atmosphäre aus Luft besteht.
9. Photoblitzlampe nach Anspruch 1, die weiter eine Menge eines Zünderwerkstoffes aufweist, die auf den freigelegten, leitenden Endteilen der Zuleitungsdrähte angeordnet ist, und in Berührung mit der blitzerzeugenden Mischung, zur Zündung der Mischung, wobei die leitenden Enden und der Zünderwerkstoff im wesentlichen innerhalb der blitzerzeugenden Mischung positioniert sind.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch betätigten Miniatur-Photoblitzlampe, bestehend aus der Schaffung eines rohrförmigen, lichtdurchlässigen Elementes mit ersten und zweiten offenen Enden, dem Positionieren eines Paares von leitenden Zuleitungsdrähten in das erste der offenen Enden und Verschließen des ersten offenen Endes mit den darin befindlichen Drähten derart, daß ein Endteil der Drähte sich in das rohrförmige Element hinein erstreckt, Positionieren einer Menge eines blitzerzeugenden Werkstoffes in das zweite offene Ende des rohrförmigen Elementes und in betrieblichen Eingriff mit dem vorstehenden Ende der Zuleitungsdrähte, und Verschließen des zweiten offenen Endes des rohrförmigen Elements um einen lichtdurchlässigen Kolben zu bilden, wobei dieser Kolben eine Innenvolumen gleich oder kleiner als etwa 1 Kubikzentimeter hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine isolierende Schicht auf den Zuleitungsdrähten vorgesehen wird und die Drähte umeinander verdrillt werden, beides vor dem Einsiegeln der Drähte in das erste der offenen Enden des lichtdurchlässigen Elementes, und daß das blitzerzeugende Material eine vorgegebene Menge eines pulverförmigen metallischen Werkstoffs und eines pulverförmigen Oxydationsmittel-Werkstoffes enthält, um nach Zündung in einer im wesentlichen lokalisierten Weise zu verbrennen, um nach seiner Zündung einen Lichtblitz zu erzeugen, wobei der pulverförmige metallische Werkstoff eine Partikelgröße im Bereich von 10 Mikron bis 150 Mikron hat, und daß das blitzerzeugende Material in Kontakt mit dem vorstehenden Ende der Zulietungsdrähte positioniert wird.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, das weiter einschließt das Aufbringen einer Menge eines Zünderwerkstoffes auf die vorstehenden Enden der Zuleitungsdrähte vor dem Positionieren der blitzerzeugenden Mischung in das rohrförmige Element.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, das weiter einschließt die Hinzufügung einer verbrennungsfördernden Amosphäre innerhalb des rohrförmigen Elementes durch das zweite Ende des rohrförmigen Elementes unmittelbar vor dem dichten Verschließen dieses zweiten Endes.
EP19800106716 1979-11-21 1980-10-31 Miniatur-Fotoblitzlampe und Verfahren zur Herstellung Expired EP0029523B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9660679A 1979-11-21 1979-11-21
US96606 1979-11-21

Publications (2)

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EP0029523A1 EP0029523A1 (de) 1981-06-03
EP0029523B1 true EP0029523B1 (de) 1983-10-05

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EP (1) EP0029523B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5686401A (de)
CA (1) CA1139578A (de)
DE (1) DE3065193D1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2277482A (en) * 1940-01-26 1942-03-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Photoflash lamp
US3220224A (en) * 1962-05-25 1965-11-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Photoflash lamp
US3751656A (en) * 1972-01-10 1973-08-07 Polaroid Corp Flexible plastic flash illumination devices with solid pyrotechnic material
US3889347A (en) * 1972-08-07 1975-06-17 Norton Co Method of making combustible metal flashlamp charges
FR2216248A1 (en) * 1973-02-06 1974-08-30 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Pyrotechnic gas-free compsn - comprising cupric oxide and zirconium provides rapid ignition of propergol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3065193D1 (en) 1983-11-10
EP0029523A1 (de) 1981-06-03
CA1139578A (en) 1983-01-18
JPS5686401A (en) 1981-07-14

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