EP0027716B1 - Dryer felt fabric - Google Patents
Dryer felt fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0027716B1 EP0027716B1 EP80303637A EP80303637A EP0027716B1 EP 0027716 B1 EP0027716 B1 EP 0027716B1 EP 80303637 A EP80303637 A EP 80303637A EP 80303637 A EP80303637 A EP 80303637A EP 0027716 B1 EP0027716 B1 EP 0027716B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- machine direction
- layer
- fabric
- direction yarns
- cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003413 degradative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013031 physical testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004826 seaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
Definitions
- the invention relates to paper machine clothing and more particularly relates to fabrics useful as dryer felts, and their use.
- FR-A-2342368 describes a forming wire which is constructed entirely from monofilaments.
- the wire is a so-called double-layer fabric consisting of two layers of cross-machine direction yarns interwoven by a plurality of machine direction yarns.
- One layer of cross-machine direction yarns is disposed towards one side of the fabric, providing a fabric first periphery and, likewise, the second layer is disposed towards the other side of the fabric, providing a fabric second periphery.
- Double-layer fabrics of this type provide forming wires of greater stability than single-layer fabrics, and do, accordingly, offer a measure of improvement in the forming section of the paper making machine.
- the forming wire is intended to permit the free drainage of extremely large quantities of water from fibres which are being formed into a paper sheet and the required characteristics of the wire differ from those of a dryer felt which is intended to convey the formed paper web around a plurality of heated rollers so that the water remaining in the web is removed by evaporation.
- the search for an improved dryer felt fabric has, accordingly, continued despite developments in the production of forming wire fabrics.
- the present invention provides a paper making machine including a fabric comprising:
- the machine direction yarn interweave the cross-machine direction yarns of the second layer at points within and spaced from the outside and inside planes of the second layer.
- the cross-machine direction yarns support the paper sheet being dried.
- the monofilament machine direction yarns are thus protected from direct contact with degradative elements.
- the overall operating life of the dryer felt is significantly increased over felts where the monofilament machine direction yarns are in contact with the paper sheet being dried.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged, cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a fabric 10 embodying the invention.
- the fabric 10 comprises a first sinuous layer 12 of monofilament cross-machine direction yarns 14.
- the layer 12 forms a periphery of fabric 10 which in side profile shows peaks 16 and valley floors 18.
- a plurality of at least two peaks 16 in layer 12 are in a single plane forming an outer periphery of fabric 10.
- Preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all or substantially all of the peaks 16 are in the aforesaid plane.
- Valley floors 18 are in a separate plane inside of the plane formed by the peaks 16.
- a second sinuous layer 20 of monofilamentcross-machine direction yarns 14' forms another periphery of the fabric 10 which also appears, in side profile, as peaks 16' and valley floors 18'.
- a plurality of at least two of the peaks 16' are in a single plane forming the outer periphery (preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all of the peaks 16' are in the periphery).
- Valley floors 18' are in a separate, single plane inside of the plane formed by peaks 16'.
- a plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns 22 are positioned between the outer fabric periphery formed by the outside planes, formed by the peaks 16 and the peaks 16' and interweave with the cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' at points between the respective planes of peaks 16, valley floors 18 and peaks 16', valley floors 18'.
- the knuckles of load bearing machine direction yarns 22 are below the peaks 16, 16' at the point where they interweave with the cross-machine direction yarns 14,14' and do not come into direct contact with the sheet 24 of paper carried on fabric 10, when fabric 10 is employed as a dryer fabric on a paper making machine.
- the sheet 24 is supported on the peaks 16 of the cross-machine direction yarn 14.
- the machine direction yarns 22 are also protected by the outwardly projecting peaks 16' from contact with elements of the paper making machine which might hasten abrasion or other degradation of the important load bearing machine direction yarns.
- the greatest degradation of yarns in a dryer fabric occurs in those monofilament yarns in contact with sheet 24.
- fabrics where the yarns 22 are on the outer periphery of layer 20 where they pass through layer 20.
- the machine direction yarns 22 within layer 12 are paired with the yarns 22 within layer 20 and the yarns within the pairs are slightly offset from each other in regard to vertical alignment, as they knuckle over the cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14'.
- the machine direction yarns pass over at least one cross-machine direction yarn, under at least one following cross-machine direction yarn and over at least one further following cross-machine direction yarn of the upper cross-machine direction layer before running down to interconnect the lower cross-machine direction layer with the upper cross-machine direction layer, the machine yarns and cross-machine direction yarns being thus interconnected in a repeat pattern.
- the weave will be such that the relationship of the machine direction yarns and the upper layer of cross-machine direction yarns will be such that the plane of the upper surfaces of the portions of the cross-machine direction yarns of the upper layer over which the machine direction yarns pass is relatively elevated in a direction away from the plane of the upper surface of the fabric; and the plane of the exposed upper surfaces of the portions of the machine direction yarns in the upper layer under which the cross-machine direction yarns pass is relatively depressed in the opposite direction, whereby the differences in elevation between the exposed upper surface portions of the machine directly yarns are protected from contact with paper sheet which contacts the surface of the cross-machine direction yarns in the upper layer.
- the yarns 14,14' and 22 may be monofilaments of any synthetic polymeric resin.
- the yarns 14 and 14' may also be multifilament yarns.
- Representative of such multi- and monofilaments are yarns of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyaramid, polyimide and the like. Generally such yarns having diameters of from 10 to 40 mils are advantageously employed in the fabrics of the invention.
- the fabrics of the invention may be woven flat and the ends joined by conventional seaming methods, known to those skilled in the art.
- the seamed belts so made are readily employed as dryer felts in the dryer section 30 of a paper making machine as shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, the paper sheet 24 is held against the steam cylinders 32 by the endless belt 34 of fabric 10 during passage of sheet 24 through dryer section 30.
- a fabric is prepared in a duplex weave of 0.020" diameter polyester monofilament (24 per inch) machine direction yarns and 0.020" diameter polyamide monofilament machine direction yarns (24 per inch) for a total of 48 machine direction yarns per inch interwoven with 0.020" diameter polyester monofilament (48 per inch; 24 top and 24 bottom) filling or cross-machine direction yarns.
- a fabric is obtained having only cross-machine direction yarns in the outer plane of the fabric.
- a representative portion of the fabric prepared is subjected to physical testing. The physical properties found are shown in Table I, below.
- a fabric is woven in a duplex weave (4 warps and 8 pick repeat) with machine and cross-machine direction yarns as follows:
- the fabric of the invention may be woven to include various stuffer picks, to obtain fabrics of different permeabilities as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Description
- The invention relates to paper machine clothing and more particularly relates to fabrics useful as dryer felts, and their use.
- The art is replete with descriptions of dryer felts and dryer felt fabrics. In spite of the wide variety of materials available, the ideal dryer fabric is yet to be found.
- In recent years, dryer fabrics have been developed which are constructed partially or entirely from monofilaments. However, such fabrics have not been entirely satisfactory when employed to fashion dryer felts. The monofilaments are subject to abrasion and moist heat hydrolysis. In the prior art constructions the load bearing machine direction monofilament yarns may be rapidly degraded under some conditions of use so that the life of the dryer felt is shortened.
- It has also been proposed to use fabrics constructed from monofilaments in the forming sections of paper-making machines. For example, FR-A-2342368 describes a forming wire which is constructed entirely from monofilaments. The wire is a so-called double-layer fabric consisting of two layers of cross-machine direction yarns interwoven by a plurality of machine direction yarns. One layer of cross-machine direction yarns is disposed towards one side of the fabric, providing a fabric first periphery and, likewise, the second layer is disposed towards the other side of the fabric, providing a fabric second periphery.
- Double-layer fabrics of this type provide forming wires of greater stability than single-layer fabrics, and do, accordingly, offer a measure of improvement in the forming section of the paper making machine. However, the forming wire is intended to permit the free drainage of extremely large quantities of water from fibres which are being formed into a paper sheet and the required characteristics of the wire differ from those of a dryer felt which is intended to convey the formed paper web around a plurality of heated rollers so that the water remaining in the web is removed by evaporation. The search for an improved dryer felt fabric has, accordingly, continued despite developments in the production of forming wire fabrics.
- The present invention provides a paper making machine including a fabric comprising:
- a first sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric first periphery of peaks and valley.floors wherein a plurality of peaks are in a first outside plane and a plurality of valley floors are in a first inside plane; a
- a second sinuous layer of cross-machine direction yarns, providing a fabric second periphery of peaks and valley floors wherein a plurality of peaks are in a second outside plane and a plurality of valley floors are in a second inside plane; and
- a plurality of monofilament machine direction yarns positioned between the first and second outside planes and interweaving the cross-machine direction yarns of the first and second layers,
- characterized in that the machine direction yarns interweave the cross-machine direction yarns of the first layer at points within and spaced from the outside and inside planes of the first layer; in that the fabric is provided in the dryer section of the machine for use as a paper making machine dryer felt, and in that the outside plane of the first layer defines a paper contacting plane.
- Preferably, the machine direction yarn interweave the cross-machine direction yarns of the second layer at points within and spaced from the outside and inside planes of the second layer.
- With the structured fabric employed as a dryer felt in the machine of the present invention, the cross-machine direction yarns support the paper sheet being dried. The monofilament machine direction yarns are thus protected from direct contact with degradative elements. The overall operating life of the dryer felt is significantly increased over felts where the monofilament machine direction yarns are in contact with the paper sheet being dried.
- By way of example, an illustrative embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a preferred embodiment fabric of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a portion of a drying section in a paper making machine.
- Figure 1 is an enlarged, cross-sectional, side elevation of a portion of a
fabric 10 embodying the invention. Thefabric 10 comprises a firstsinuous layer 12 of monofilamentcross-machine direction yarns 14. Thelayer 12 forms a periphery offabric 10 which in side profile showspeaks 16 andvalley floors 18. A plurality of at least twopeaks 16 inlayer 12 are in a single plane forming an outer periphery offabric 10. Preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all or substantially all of thepeaks 16 are in the aforesaid plane.Valley floors 18 are in a separate plane inside of the plane formed by thepeaks 16. - A second
sinuous layer 20 of monofilamentcross-machine direction yarns 14'forms another periphery of thefabric 10 which also appears, in side profile, as peaks 16' and valley floors 18'. A plurality of at least two of the peaks 16' are in a single plane forming the outer periphery (preferably at least about 50 percent, most preferably all of the peaks 16' are in the periphery). Valley floors 18' are in a separate, single plane inside of the plane formed by peaks 16'. - A plurality of monofilament
machine direction yarns 22 are positioned between the outer fabric periphery formed by the outside planes, formed by thepeaks 16 and the peaks 16' and interweave with thecross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' at points between the respective planes ofpeaks 16,valley floors 18 and peaks 16', valley floors 18'. Thus, as shown in Figure 1, the knuckles of load bearingmachine direction yarns 22 are below thepeaks 16, 16' at the point where they interweave with thecross-machine direction yarns 14,14' and do not come into direct contact with thesheet 24 of paper carried onfabric 10, whenfabric 10 is employed as a dryer fabric on a paper making machine. Thesheet 24 is supported on thepeaks 16 of thecross-machine direction yarn 14. On the side offabric 10 facing away from the carried sheet, themachine direction yarns 22 are also protected by the outwardly projecting peaks 16' from contact with elements of the paper making machine which might hasten abrasion or other degradation of the important load bearing machine direction yarns. However, it will be appreciated that the greatest degradation of yarns in a dryer fabric occurs in those monofilament yarns in contact withsheet 24. Thus, it is not critical thatyarns 22 be protected by peaks 16' on the side of the fabric facing away from the carriedsheet 24 although such is obviously preferred. Within the scope of the invention are fabrics where theyarns 22 are on the outer periphery oflayer 20 where they pass throughlayer 20. - In the
embodiment fabric 10 themachine direction yarns 22 withinlayer 12 are paired with theyarns 22 withinlayer 20 and the yarns within the pairs are slightly offset from each other in regard to vertical alignment, as they knuckle over thecross-machine direction yarns 14, 14'. There are, in the weaving pattern, 4 sets ofmachine direction yarn 22 pairs. One pair interweaves with every fourth of cross-machine direction yarns 14, 14' and then the pattern repeats. Preferably, the machine direction yarns pass over at least one cross-machine direction yarn, under at least one following cross-machine direction yarn and over at least one further following cross-machine direction yarn of the upper cross-machine direction layer before running down to interconnect the lower cross-machine direction layer with the upper cross-machine direction layer, the machine yarns and cross-machine direction yarns being thus interconnected in a repeat pattern. Of course the weave will be such that the relationship of the machine direction yarns and the upper layer of cross-machine direction yarns will be such that the plane of the upper surfaces of the portions of the cross-machine direction yarns of the upper layer over which the machine direction yarns pass is relatively elevated in a direction away from the plane of the upper surface of the fabric; and the plane of the exposed upper surfaces of the portions of the machine direction yarns in the upper layer under which the cross-machine direction yarns pass is relatively depressed in the opposite direction, whereby the differences in elevation between the exposed upper surface portions of the machine directly yarns are protected from contact with paper sheet which contacts the surface of the cross-machine direction yarns in the upper layer. - The
yarns yarns 14 and 14' may also be multifilament yarns. Representative of such multi- and monofilaments are yarns of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, polyaramid, polyimide and the like. Generally such yarns having diameters of from 10 to 40 mils are advantageously employed in the fabrics of the invention. - Following the weaving of the fabrics of the invention, they are heat set to stabilize the fabric and to draw the yarns into their desired relative positions. The
machine direction yarns 22 are drawn inwardly of the outer surfaces of thefabric 10 and this pressure "crimps" theyarns 18, 18' so that thepeaks 16, 16' are displaced to the outside plane of the fabric as previously described. The degree of heat-setting required to achieve the desired structure of thefabric 10 will of course vary depending on the nature of theyarns dryer section 30 of a paper making machine as shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, thepaper sheet 24 is held against thesteam cylinders 32 by theendless belt 34 offabric 10 during passage ofsheet 24 throughdryer section 30. - The following example sets forth the best mode contemplated by the inventors of making and using the invention but is not to be considered as limiting.
- A fabric is prepared in a duplex weave of 0.020" diameter polyester monofilament (24 per inch) machine direction yarns and 0.020" diameter polyamide monofilament machine direction yarns (24 per inch) for a total of 48 machine direction yarns per inch interwoven with 0.020" diameter polyester monofilament (48 per inch; 24 top and 24 bottom) filling or cross-machine direction yarns. After heat setting, a fabric is obtained having only cross-machine direction yarns in the outer plane of the fabric. A representative portion of the fabric prepared is subjected to physical testing. The physical properties found are shown in Table I, below.
- This is not an example of the invention, but is made for comparison purposes. A fabric is woven in a duplex weave (4 warps and 8 pick repeat) with machine and cross-machine direction yarns as follows:
- machine direction-.020" diameter polyester monofilament at 24 per inch.
- .020" diameter polyamide monofilament at 24 per inch.
- "laid out in a two and two arrangement"
- filling-.020" diameter polyester monofilament at 25 per inch. 12.5 top and 12.5 bottom.
- After heat-setting, a fabric is obtained wherein the machine direction yarns are in the outer plane of the fabric where they knuckle over the cross-machine direction yarns.
-
-
- Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications of the preferred embodiments described above may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. For example, the fabric of the invention may be woven to include various stuffer picks, to obtain fabrics of different permeabilities as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80303637T ATE18451T1 (en) | 1979-10-17 | 1980-10-15 | DRY FELT FABRIC. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US8588379A | 1979-10-17 | 1979-10-17 | |
US85883 | 1979-10-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0027716A1 EP0027716A1 (en) | 1981-04-29 |
EP0027716B1 true EP0027716B1 (en) | 1986-03-05 |
Family
ID=22194594
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80303637A Expired EP0027716B1 (en) | 1979-10-17 | 1980-10-15 | Dryer felt fabric |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0027716B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5663092A (en) |
AR (1) | AR226563A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE18451T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU541327B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8004757A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1144407A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3071465D1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI77493C (en) |
MX (1) | MX155248A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8007255L (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA805077B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8836751B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2014-09-16 | Intouch Technologies, Inc. | Tele-presence system with a user interface that displays different communication links |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA814577B (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1982-09-29 | Albany Int Corp | Dryer felt fabric |
US4359069A (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-11-16 | Albany International Corp. | Low density multilayer papermaking fabric |
US5238537A (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1993-08-24 | Dutt William H | Extended nip press belt having an interwoven base fabric and an impervious impregnant |
US5234551A (en) * | 1981-09-24 | 1993-08-10 | Dutt William H | Extended nip press belt having an interwoven base fabric and an impervious impregnant |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3139119A (en) * | 1960-05-18 | 1964-06-30 | William E Buchanan | Fourdrinier fabric |
US3211606A (en) * | 1960-11-25 | 1965-10-12 | Wisconsin Wire Works | Paper making wire |
DE1611765A1 (en) * | 1968-01-24 | 1971-02-11 | Oberdorfer Metalltuchfabrik F | Process for the production of a paper machine screen and screen produced by this process |
SE385486B (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-07-05 | Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab | PROPAGATION WIRE FOR PAPER, CELLULOSE OR SIMILAR MACHINES AND MANUFACTURED THE SAME |
SE397371C (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1980-08-18 | Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab | PREPARATION VIRUS FOR PAPER, CELLULOSA OR SIMILAR MACHINES |
-
1980
- 1980-07-25 AR AR281914A patent/AR226563A1/en active
- 1980-07-30 BR BR8004757A patent/BR8004757A/en unknown
- 1980-08-14 CA CA000358271A patent/CA1144407A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-19 ZA ZA00805077A patent/ZA805077B/en unknown
- 1980-10-03 AU AU62959/80A patent/AU541327B2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-15 AT AT80303637T patent/ATE18451T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-15 MX MX184351A patent/MX155248A/en unknown
- 1980-10-15 DE DE8080303637T patent/DE3071465D1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-15 EP EP80303637A patent/EP0027716B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-15 FI FI803255A patent/FI77493C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-16 SE SE8007255A patent/SE8007255L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-10-16 JP JP14377180A patent/JPS5663092A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8836751B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2014-09-16 | Intouch Technologies, Inc. | Tele-presence system with a user interface that displays different communication links |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5663092A (en) | 1981-05-29 |
ATE18451T1 (en) | 1986-03-15 |
EP0027716A1 (en) | 1981-04-29 |
JPH0143078B2 (en) | 1989-09-18 |
ZA805077B (en) | 1981-09-30 |
DE3071465D1 (en) | 1986-04-10 |
MX155248A (en) | 1988-02-08 |
BR8004757A (en) | 1981-04-28 |
FI77493C (en) | 1989-03-10 |
SE8007255L (en) | 1981-04-18 |
FI77493B (en) | 1988-11-30 |
AU541327B2 (en) | 1985-01-03 |
AR226563A1 (en) | 1982-07-30 |
FI803255L (en) | 1981-04-18 |
AU6295980A (en) | 1981-04-30 |
CA1144407A (en) | 1983-04-12 |
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