EP0027706A1 - Latex bound non-asbestos paper - Google Patents
Latex bound non-asbestos paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0027706A1 EP0027706A1 EP80303570A EP80303570A EP0027706A1 EP 0027706 A1 EP0027706 A1 EP 0027706A1 EP 80303570 A EP80303570 A EP 80303570A EP 80303570 A EP80303570 A EP 80303570A EP 0027706 A1 EP0027706 A1 EP 0027706A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- wool
- asbestos paper
- vitreous
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
- D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/35—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- D21H17/49—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with compounds containing hydrogen bound to nitrogen
- D21H17/51—Triazines, e.g. melamine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
Definitions
- This invention relates to latex-bound paper, and provides non-asbestos alternatives to latex-bound asbestos papers.
- Latex-bound papers based on asbestos fibres are employed in the manufacture of gaskets and seals for use in motor vehicles, where they must be resistant to water, anti-freeze, oil a.nd petrol and withstand fairly high temperatures, e.g. 150°C. They are also used in the chemical industry in making seals resistant to chemical attack. They are commonly made in the form of flexible sheet of thickness 0.1-1.5mm on conventional paper-making machines such as the Fourdrinier. In the process an aqueous slurry of the ingredients which are to compose the product is progressively dewatered as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor (usually of wire mesh), the dewatered layer being subsequently compressed and dried.
- a water-permeable conveyor usually of wire mesh
- non-asbestos paper comprises vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material, organic web-forming fibres, unfired ball clay and water-insoluble non-fibrous particulate inorganic filler, the whole being bound toqether by a cured nitrile rubber; said paper being made by dewatering as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor an aqueous slurry whose solids content comprises by weight:- and compressing and drying the layer of dewatered slurry.
- the vitreous'wool-form fibre employed is preferably glass wool, mineral wool or ceramic fibre wool. If glass wool is used it is preferably employed in a form which has been treated with a silane coupling agent (e.g. gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane).
- silane coupling agent e.g. gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- the function of the organic web-forming fibres is primarily to enable the paper to be formed on conventional paper-making machinery, but additionally those fibres impart strength to the total matrix of the finished paper, just as the vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material (the primary reinforcement) do.
- the organic web-forming fibres are preferably cellulose fibres, but may alternatively be polyethylene or' polypropylene fibres of the kind commercially available under the name PULPEX.
- the function of the ball clay is to impart handlability to the paper sheet during manufacture.
- the wate-r-insoluble non-fibrous particulate inorganic filler may be of the kind conventionally used in paper manufacture, for example calcium carbonate, talc, calcium sulphate, kaolin, titanium dioxide, magnesium silicate, or barytes (barium sulphate).
- barytes which both densifies and improves the oil resistance of the paper, is particularly preferred.
- the nitrile rubber, which bonds all the fibrous and non-fibrous particles of the paper together is introduced during manufacture as a latex, together with a vulcanising (curing) agent of the usual kind.
- the paper may contain small amounts (e.g. 0.5-2.5% by weight) of fibres other than the vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material and the web-forming fibres.
- Such other fibres may for instance be low modulus carbon fibres or water-dispersible E-glass fibres. Such fibres improve green strength of the paper during manufacture; additionally the low modulus carbon fibres impart lubricity to the finished paper.
- Low modulus here means a Young's modulus in tension below 125GPa.
- a melamine-formaldehyde resin suitably at about 1% by weight, can be included in the slurry that is dewatered, in order to promote bonding between the various fibres and the nitrile rubber.
- a small quantity (0.002-0.01% by dry weight of total solids in the slurry) of a flocculating agent of the kind (e.g. a polyacrylamide polyelectrolyte) ordinarily used in paper making can be included in order to facilitate sheet formation and subsequent dewatering.
- a flocculating agent of the kind e.g. a polyacrylamide polyelectrolyte
- the stocks (slurries) prepared as in A. above from various formulations as set out in tablesl-3 following were made into flexible sheet material in an entirely conventional way on a Fourdrinier flat wire paper machine, such as is described in Chapters 10 and 11 of "Paper and Board Manufacture” by Julius Grant, James H. young, and Barry G. Watson (Publishers; Technical Division, The British Paper and Board Industry Federation, London, 1978).
- the slurry. is progressively dewatered as it travels on the water permeable conveyor of the machine, and the dewatered material is consolidated by pressing between rollers, and then dried to low moisture content (suitably 2% by weight).
- Paper was passed at room temperature between two smooth-faced steel rolls the gap between which was adjustable to control the density of the paper. Two such passes were made on the papers whose properties are reported in Table I.
- the hot calendering referred to in Table I was carried out as for cold calendering but with the difference that the steel rolls were heated to about a temperature of 145°C. Again, two such passes were made on the papers whose properties are reported in Table I.
- the purpose of hot calendering as opposed to cold calendering on latex-bound papers is to cause some flow of the latex, thus producing greater consolidation and a higher density.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
Non-asbestos paper alternatives to latex-bound asbestos papers comprise vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material, organic web-forming fibres, unfired ball clay and water-insoluble non-fibrous particulate inorganic filler, the whole being bound together by a cured nitrile rubber; said paper being made by dewatering as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor an aqueous slurry whose solids content comprises by weight vitreous wool-form material 20-40%, organic web-forming fibres 5-15%, ball clay 5-20%, nitrile rubber 10-20%, and inorganic non-fibrous filler 5-50%, and compressing and drying the layer of dewatered slurry.
Description
- This invention relates to latex-bound paper, and provides non-asbestos alternatives to latex-bound asbestos papers.
- Latex-bound papers based on asbestos fibres are employed in the manufacture of gaskets and seals for use in motor vehicles, where they must be resistant to water, anti-freeze, oil a.nd petrol and withstand fairly high temperatures, e.g. 150°C. They are also used in the chemical industry in making seals resistant to chemical attack. They are commonly made in the form of flexible sheet of thickness 0.1-1.5mm on conventional paper-making machines such as the Fourdrinier. In the process an aqueous slurry of the ingredients which are to compose the product is progressively dewatered as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor (usually of wire mesh), the dewatered layer being subsequently compressed and dried.
- According to the invention, non-asbestos paper comprises vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material, organic web-forming fibres, unfired ball clay and water-insoluble non-fibrous particulate inorganic filler, the whole being bound toqether by a cured nitrile rubber; said paper being made by dewatering as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor an aqueous slurry whose solids content comprises by weight:-
- The vitreous'wool-form fibre employed is preferably glass wool, mineral wool or ceramic fibre wool. If glass wool is used it is preferably employed in a form which has been treated with a silane coupling agent (e.g. gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane).
- The function of the organic web-forming fibres is primarily to enable the paper to be formed on conventional paper-making machinery, but additionally those fibres impart strength to the total matrix of the finished paper, just as the vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material (the primary reinforcement) do. The organic web-forming fibres are preferably cellulose fibres, but may alternatively be polyethylene or' polypropylene fibres of the kind commercially available under the name PULPEX.
- The function of the ball clay is to impart handlability to the paper sheet during manufacture. To improve the drainage properties of the ball-clay-containing slurry, it is preferable to include a small proportion of bentonite (up to about 5% by weight of total solids) in the slurry.
- The wate-r-insoluble non-fibrous particulate inorganic filler may be of the kind conventionally used in paper manufacture, for example calcium carbonate, talc, calcium sulphate, kaolin, titanium dioxide, magnesium silicate, or barytes (barium sulphate). The use of barytes, which both densifies and improves the oil resistance of the paper, is particularly preferred.
- The nitrile rubber, which bonds all the fibrous and non-fibrous particles of the paper together is introduced during manufacture as a latex, together with a vulcanising (curing) agent of the usual kind.
- The paper may contain small amounts (e.g. 0.5-2.5% by weight) of fibres other than the vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material and the web-forming fibres. Such other fibres may for instance be low modulus carbon fibres or water-dispersible E-glass fibres. Such fibres improve green strength of the paper during manufacture; additionally the low modulus carbon fibres impart lubricity to the finished paper. ("Low modulus" here means a Young's modulus in tension below 125GPa.)
- A melamine-formaldehyde resin, suitably at about 1% by weight, can be included in the slurry that is dewatered, in order to promote bonding between the various fibres and the nitrile rubber. A small quantity (0.002-0.01% by dry weight of total solids in the slurry) of a flocculating agent of the kind (e.g. a polyacrylamide polyelectrolyte) ordinarily used in paper making can be included in order to facilitate sheet formation and subsequent dewatering. The invention is further illustrated by the following Example.
-
- (i) Lapponia pulp (bleached softwood sulphate pulp) in sheet form was made into an aqueous slurry of solids content about 3% by weight and treated in a disc refiner until its freeness reached the desired value (measured in degrees Schopper Riegler, °SR).
- ii The other ingredients for incorporation in the slurry to be dewatered were added to enough water in a beater to bring the total solids content of the mix to about 5% by weight. The order of addition of the materials to the beater was:-
- a. Wood pulp at desired freeness with 182 litres of water at 40-45°C.
- b.. Ball clay (passing sieve of aperture 5pm), and bentonite and barytes (both passing sieve of aperture 0.15mm).
- c. Mineral wool (fibre length 0.25-5mm; and free from 'shot' i.e. granular vitreous material); and E-glass fibre (borosilicate glass containing less than 1% of alkali calculated as Ha2O; 12mm fibre length) or carbon fibre (modulus in tension, 25 GPa; fibre length 12mm).
- d. Papermakers' alum to reduce pH to 4.
- e. Melamine-formaldehyde resin ('MF resin')
- f. Sodium hydroxide to raise pH to 7-8.
- g. Conventional vulcanising agent dispersion (active ingredients sulphur, zinc oxide and zinc dithiocarbamate) diluted with an equal volume of water.
- h. Conventional wax emulsion (function; to improve wate.r resistance of the finished paper) diluted with an equal volume of water.
- i. Conventional nitrile rubber latex (aqueous acrylonitrile- butadiene copolymer; butadiene content of copolymer, 55%; particle size O.Ipm; 40% solids content) diluted with 10 times its volume of water.
- j. Alum to reduce pH to 4.5. NOTE: Where the wood pulp employed was of high °SR, the pulp was added after the final alum addition.
- iii The slurry resulting from (ii) was diluted to a solids content of 1-3% by weight, and flocculating agent was added to it. immediately before passage to the paper making machine.
- The stocks (slurries) prepared as in A. above from various formulations as set out in tablesl-3 following were made into flexible sheet material in an entirely conventional way on a Fourdrinier flat wire paper machine, such as is described in Chapters 10 and 11 of "Paper and Board Manufacture" by Julius Grant, James H. young, and Barry G. Watson (Publishers; Technical Division, The British Paper and Board Industry Federation, London, 1978). The slurry.is progressively dewatered as it travels on the water permeable conveyor of the machine, and the dewatered material is consolidated by pressing between rollers, and then dried to low moisture content (suitably 2% by weight).
- The properties of the paper produced are shown in the Tables.
- The cold calendering referred to in Table I was carried out as follows:-
- Paper was passed at room temperature between two smooth-faced steel rolls the gap between which was adjustable to control the density of the paper. Two such passes were made on the papers whose properties are reported in Table I. The hot calendering referred to in Table I was carried out as for cold calendering but with the difference that the steel rolls were heated to about a temperature of 145°C. Again, two such passes were made on the papers whose properties are reported in Table I. The purpose of hot calendering as opposed to cold calendering on latex-bound papers is to cause some flow of the latex, thus producing greater consolidation and a higher density.
- The papers all passed a standard test of flexibility. To pass this, a specimen of the paper (50mm x 230mm, with the 230mm side parallel to the grain) should show no evidence of breaking when bent through 180° around a mandrel of 50mm diameter, with use of just enough force to keep the specimen in contact with the mandrel.
-
Claims (7)
1. Non-asbestos paper comprising vitreous fibres derived from wool-form material, organic web-forming fibres, unfired ball clay and water-insoluble non-fibrous particulate inorganic filler, the whole being bound together by a cured nitrile rubber; said paper being made by dewatering as a layer on a water-permeable conveyor an aqueous slurry whose solids content comprises by weight
and compressing and drying the layer of dewatered slurry.
vitreous wool-form material 20-40%
organic web-forming fibres 5-15%
ball clay 5-20%
nitrile ruber 10-20%
inorganic non-fibrous filler 5-50%
and compressing and drying the layer of dewatered slurry.
2. Non-asbestos paper according to claim 1, in which said vitreous wool-form material is mineral wool.
3. Non-asbestos paper according to claim 1, in which said vitreous wool-form material is glass wool.
4. Non-asbestos paper according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which said organic web-forming fibres are cellulose fibres.
5. Non-asbestos paper according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the inorganic non-fibrous filler is barytes.
6. Non-asbestos paper according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which additionally contains carbon fibre of modulus below 125GPa or water-dispersible E glass fibres, said additional fibres being present in an amount of 0.5-2.5% by weight.
7.. Non-asbestos paper according to any preceding claim, made by dewatering a slurry which additionally contains bentonite up to 5% by weight of slurry solids
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7936393 | 1979-10-19 | ||
GB7936393 | 1979-10-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0027706A1 true EP0027706A1 (en) | 1981-04-29 |
Family
ID=10508647
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80303570A Withdrawn EP0027706A1 (en) | 1979-10-19 | 1980-10-09 | Latex bound non-asbestos paper |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0027706A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5668198A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8006648A (en) |
ES (1) | ES496022A0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0104317A1 (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-04-04 | Goetze Ag | Flat soft material sealing product, in particular for the production of highly resistant flat seals |
EP0112010A1 (en) * | 1982-11-20 | 1984-06-27 | T&N Materials Research Limited | Flexible sheet material |
FR2545115A1 (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-02 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | FLEXIBLE SHEET WITHOUT ASBESTOS AND JOINT CONSISTING OF SUCH A SHEET |
FR2553121A1 (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-04-12 | Arjomari Prioux | PAPER SHEET, ITS PREPARATION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PARTICULAR AS A PRODUCT FOR SUBSTITUTING IMPREGNATED GLASS SAILS |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2130263B (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1985-10-02 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | Non-asbestos sheet material |
JPS62164784A (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-21 | Nippon Reinz Co Ltd | Composition for joint sheet |
WO2022230536A1 (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | 阿波製紙株式会社 | Inorganic-fiber sheet and production method therefor |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2773763A (en) * | 1954-04-22 | 1956-12-11 | Armstrong Cork Co | Mineral fiber product containing hydrated virgin kraft pulp and method of producing the same |
GB818652A (en) * | 1956-04-23 | 1959-08-19 | Armstrong Cork Co | Manufacture of paper or the like |
GB1107413A (en) * | 1964-01-16 | 1968-03-27 | United States Gypsum Co | Water-felted mineral wool building insulation product |
GB2001371A (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1979-01-31 | Redco Sa | Composition of a material based on mineral fibres |
-
1980
- 1980-10-09 EP EP80303570A patent/EP0027706A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-10-15 BR BR8006648A patent/BR8006648A/en unknown
- 1980-10-17 JP JP14556180A patent/JPS5668198A/en active Pending
- 1980-10-17 ES ES496022A patent/ES496022A0/en active Granted
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2773763A (en) * | 1954-04-22 | 1956-12-11 | Armstrong Cork Co | Mineral fiber product containing hydrated virgin kraft pulp and method of producing the same |
GB818652A (en) * | 1956-04-23 | 1959-08-19 | Armstrong Cork Co | Manufacture of paper or the like |
GB1107413A (en) * | 1964-01-16 | 1968-03-27 | United States Gypsum Co | Water-felted mineral wool building insulation product |
GB2001371A (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1979-01-31 | Redco Sa | Composition of a material based on mineral fibres |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0104317A1 (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-04-04 | Goetze Ag | Flat soft material sealing product, in particular for the production of highly resistant flat seals |
US4748075A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1988-05-31 | Goetze Ag | Flat sealing material made of a soft substance, particularly for the production of gaskets that are to be subjected to high stresses |
EP0112010A1 (en) * | 1982-11-20 | 1984-06-27 | T&N Materials Research Limited | Flexible sheet material |
FR2545115A1 (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-02 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | FLEXIBLE SHEET WITHOUT ASBESTOS AND JOINT CONSISTING OF SUCH A SHEET |
FR2553121A1 (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-04-12 | Arjomari Prioux | PAPER SHEET, ITS PREPARATION METHOD AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN PARTICULAR AS A PRODUCT FOR SUBSTITUTING IMPREGNATED GLASS SAILS |
EP0145522A1 (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-06-19 | Arjomari-Prioux S.A. | Paper sheet, process for producing it, and its applications in particular as a substitute for impregnated glass fibre mats |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES8107350A1 (en) | 1981-10-01 |
JPS5668198A (en) | 1981-06-08 |
ES496022A0 (en) | 1981-10-01 |
BR8006648A (en) | 1981-04-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB IT NL |
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RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: TURNER & NEWALL PLC |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19820403 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: HEALEY, BRIAN Inventor name: HARGREAVES, BRIAN Inventor name: COUSENS, ALAN KENNETH Inventor name: LANCASTER, ROBERT ALLAN |