EP0027283B1

EP0027283B1 - Method for increasing the smooth pouring rate of liquid from a container

Info

Publication number: EP0027283B1
Application number: EP19800200872
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dirk Peeters; Jan Elisabeth Bormans
Original assignee: Agfa Gevaert NV
Current assignee: Agfa Gevaert NV
Priority date: 1979-10-12
Filing date: 1980-09-17
Publication date: 1984-06-27
Also published as: DE3068358D1; JPS5684253A; EP0027283A1

Description

It is known to provide containers for liquids, for example jerrycans, with a venting tube which intrudes into the interior of the container from the pouring opening in order to vent the container as liquid is being poured out. The maintaining of atmospheric pressure in the container enables the liquid to be smoothly and rapidly poured.
Smooth pouring is important for avoiding splashing of the liquid, which might result in wasting of the liquid and cause soiling of surfaces or articles adjacent a receptacle when a person tries to fill it from the container. This problem of splashing is encountered for example when pouring photographic processing solutions, such as developers or fixer solutions, from jerrycan-type containers in which they are sometimes marketed, into a tray-like receptacle forming part of a table-top processing machine or into the filling opening of a closed processor tank.
It is desirable for the container to allow smooth pouring of the liquid as quickly as possible, in the interest of the person handling the container, particularly if the full container is fairly large and heavy. To take as an example a 20 litre jerrycan filled with a photographic developer solution, as frequently used in photographic processing departments, the filled container has a weight of about 26 kgs. The emptying of such a jerrycan while it is held almost horizontally at a height of about 1 meter requires a considerable effort, the more so the slower is the pouring rate.
The provision of a venting tube avoids a fitful, jerky discharge of the liquid, but involves additional production costs which it would be desirable to reduce. The relative increase in production costs is small in the case of metal containers, such as metal jerrycans, but it is very appreciable in the case of containers made of synthetic polymeric material because of the relatively low cost of the containers and the problems associated with the fixation of the venting tube in the container.
A further problem associated with the use of venting tubes is the fact that they reduce the size of the pouring opening via which the container is filled. Filling, which is usually automated, takes place through a filling tube which is inserted into the pouring opening and this filling tube must in consequence of the presence of the venting tube, be of smaller diameter and the filling time is therefore longer.
The present invention aims to provide an improved method for the quick emptying of a container, that is inexpensive and is readily to carry out.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of increasing the smooth pouring rate of liquid from a container, comprising plugging the pouring opening of a container by a member of porous structure and pouring the liquid through the member, whereby the porous structure of the member preserves air paths between the interior and the exterior of the container during pouring.
The ability of members of various porous structures to permit flow of venting air in countercurrent to the outflow of liquid even if the liquid level in the container is above the porous member is surprising. The phenomenon is apparently dependent on the member having a sufficiently labyrinthian arrangement of interstices or open cells. Possibly the preservation of air paths is attributable, at least to some extent, to turbulence. However, the invention is not dependent on any specific theory. It is a simple matter to determine by tests whether or not a given porous member will function in the required manner. The required function is capable of fulfilment by members of a variety of porous structures. The porous member may be of open cellular or sponge-like structure, or it may be composed of natural or synthetic fibres or filaments and be of woven or non-woven construction. It may be made, e.g., from synthetic material or metal. The porous member may be coated with a protective or reinforcing coating, for example to make it resistant to the chemical action of a material which is stored or which is to be stored in the container, and/or to increase the rigidity of said member.
The porous member offers to liquid flow through the member a resistance which depends on the porosity of the member, i.e. on the ratio of its internal open volume to its overall volume, and on the thickness of the member, i.e. its dimension parallel with ohe flow diameter through the pouring opening of the container. It is desirable to achieve as small a flow resistance and as great a venting as possible, consistent of course with the essential function of preserving paths for the flow of venting air in countercurrent to liquid as above referred to. The appropriate porosity and thickness values can be determined empirically.
The method according to the invention is applicable to containers of various forms but is particularly suitable for application to substantially rigid containers such as jerrycans and rectanguloid pourer tins.
A container to be used according to the method of the invention preferably has a removable cap or other closure device for closing the pouring opening. The pouring opening of the container may be defined e.g. by a neck or spout or other protrusion of the container, which protrusion may be shaped or formed to make connection with the filling opening of a given apparatus or receptacle. In preferred embodiments the container pouring opening is defined by a neck in which the porous member is fitted, preferably at a position spaced from the free end of the neck. Containers having this combination of features and from which liquid can be poured smoothly and rapidly can be produced economically and are convenient to use.
Preferably the cross-sectional area of the pouring opening is only partially plugged by the porous member. In these circumstances the resistance to outflow of liquid from the container is less. Preferably the unplugged part of the pouring opening is less than half the overall . cross-sectional area of the opening.
In particularly preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, the periphery of the porous member conforms to the inner surface of the pouring opening but such member has a port or aperture which extends through its thickness and constitutes a said unplugged part of the pouring opening.
Preferably the unplugged part of the pouring opening is a part of the opening which is a bottom part thereof when the container is tipped into a pouring position with the pouring opening below the main bulk of the container.
In certain advantageous embodiments of the invention the porous member is fitted into the pouring opening in an elastically deformed condition so that the member is retained by the stored elastic recovery forces.
The method according to the invention will hereinafter be described by way of example with reference to one embodiment of a container which is illustrated in the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a plastics jerrycan,
Fig. 2 is a front view according to arrow 2 in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a top view of the jerrycan in Figs. 1 and 2,
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a porous member, and
Fig. 5 is an edge-on view of that member.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, a plastics jerrycan 10 of generally rectanguloid form is provided with a handle 11 for carrying the jerrycan, and with a neck 12 defining a pouring opening for filling and emptying the jerrycan. The opening may be closed by a screw cap, not illustrated. The jerrycan is designed in such a way that it may be vertically stacked. To that end, the bottom of the jerrycan has a profile that may closely fit on the top of another jerrycan, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 1. The form and rigidity of the illustrated jerrycan are such that up to three filled jerrycans may be vertically stacked for palletized transport. The illustrated jerrycan is a 20 litre model manufactured by extrusion blow moulding that is used by Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Mortsel, Belgium for the supply of photographic processing liquids such as developer, fixer, and other compositions.
The pouring opening defined by the neck 12 of the jerrycan is provided with a sponge-like venting member 13, illustrated in cross-hatching in Figs. 1 and 3. The venting member 13 is fitted in the neck 12 in slightly elastically deformed condition and is situated at some distance below the free end of the neck so as to leave above the venting member an air space which prevents adherence of such member to the metal sealing foil which is sealed onto the top of the neck by induction heating.
The venting member 13 is shown in detail in Figs. 4 and 5. The member has the form of a disc. It can be manufactured by punching the member from a sheet of sponge-like material. Suitable materials are foamed synthetic polymeric material. A material combination that shows excellent properties as to porosity, stiffness and chemical resistance is reticulated polyurethane foam that has been coated with polyvinylchloride.
The venting member is provided with a circular port or aperture 14 in what is a bottom part of the pouring opening when the container is tipped into a pouring position with the pouring opening below the main bulk of the container, e.g. as shown in Fig. 3. It has been found that the provision of the port 14 has no unfavourable influence on the venting of the jerrycan. The provision of such port reduces the resistance to outflow of liquid from the container thereby reducing the time necessary for emptying the jerrycan. It should be noted however that the flow resistance afforded by the venting member would be very low even in the absence of that port. For this reason the forces that act on the venting member during pouring of liquid are small. It is therefore sufficient for the venting member to be held in the neck merely by the outward pressure of elastic recovery forces in the member.
Various results obtained when emptying water from a 20 litre jerrycan as illustrated, with and without a venting member, are tabulated in the Comparative Table given below.
The venting member used in each of the tests was a disc of reticulated polyurethane foam with a density of 30 kg.m-³ and with a PPI value (pores per inch) of 10. The disc was made by punching it from a sheet of foam. The sheet was soaked in a polyvinyl chloride solution of 50 kg of polyvinyl chloride per cubic metre of solution so that the final density of the coated foam amounted to 65 kg.m-^3. In each case the diameter of the venting member was 45 mm and its thickness was 10 mm. In one test the venting member had no port or aperture. In another test the venting member had a port 14 as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, 21 mm in diameter, the distance between the centers of the venting member and of the port being 11 mm.
The inner diameter of the neck 12 of the jerrycan was 44 mm and its internal height was 30 mm. The venting member was in each case located in the neck of the jerrycan so that the upper face of the member was 8 mm below the free end of the neck. The venting tube used in one test was in accordance with previously known practice. the tube was a plastics tube with an outer diameter of 9 mm and an inner diameter of 6 mm, and extended into the interior of the jerrycan from the pouring opening.
The expression "progressively inclined" in the column "Position of jerrycan", means that the jerrycan was progressively tilted as quickly as possible consistent with maintaining a smooth outflow of water. The outflow commenced at an inclination of the jerrycan of about 40 degrees to the vertical and the inclination was progressively increased to about 100 degrees to the vertical.
It will be understood that the method according to the invention is not limited to the described embodiment.
The sponge-like venting member may have other dimensions than those given above. The member may be foamed from plastics other than polyurethane. The member may also be made from other materials such as stainless steel wire, natural or synthetic fibers bonded by a suitable agent, etc.
The port 14 may be omitted, or may have forms other than that illustrated. Instead of providing a port such as 14 the venting member can have a peripheral recess or cut-out, e.g. a cut-out of sectoral shape such as a 90° sector or quadrant, so that the unplugged part of the pouring opening is defined by the venting member and the inner surface of the container neck.
The venting member may be held in place by fitting it into a corresponding annular groove in the neck of the container, by welding or soldering in the case of metal members and containers, etc.
The venting member can be fitted before sealing or closing the container for marketing. Alternatively the venting member can be fitted after opening the container. The fitting of the venting member is in such case facilitated if the member is mounted in a collar or the like that can be easily pushed into the pouring opening of the container.
A container for use in the method according to the invention can for example be a rectanguloid pourer tin or a small plastics drum. The container needs not necessarily be rigid, it can be flexible or even collapsable. The venting member can be provided in a spout or a similar pouring-aid for the container, which may be separable from the container.

Claims

1. A method of increasing the smooth pouring rate of liquid from a container (10), comprising plugging the pouring opening (12) of container (10) by a member (13) of porous structure and pouring the liquid through the member (13), whereby the porous structure of the member (13) preserves air paths between the interior and the exterior of the container (10) during pouring.

2. Method according to claim 1, comprising plugging the pouring opening (12) of the container (10) only partially by said member (13) of porous structure.

3. Method according to claim 1, comprising plugging the pouring opening (12) of the container (10) such that the periphery of the porous member (13) conforms to the inner surface of the pouring opening (12) but that yet a free port of aperture (14) remains in the pouring opening (12) which constitutes an unplugged part of the opening.

4. Method according to any preceding claim, comprising using for said member (13) reticulated polyurethane foam.

5. Method according to any preceding claim, comprising fitting said member (13) in elastically deformed condition in said opening (12), thereby to retain said member (13) by the stored elastic recovery forces.

6. Method according to any preceding claim, comprising using for said member (13) a polyvinyl chloride coated member.

7. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein such container (10) is made of synthetic polymeric material, and is in the form of a jerrycan.