EP0025404B1 - Short-circuiting element for series supply circuit - Google Patents

Short-circuiting element for series supply circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0025404B1
EP0025404B1 EP80420103A EP80420103A EP0025404B1 EP 0025404 B1 EP0025404 B1 EP 0025404B1 EP 80420103 A EP80420103 A EP 80420103A EP 80420103 A EP80420103 A EP 80420103A EP 0025404 B1 EP0025404 B1 EP 0025404B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
terminals
short
control electrode
conductor
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EP80420103A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0025404A2 (en
EP0025404A3 (en
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Raymond Lautesse
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT80420103T priority Critical patent/ATE5626T1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
    • H05B39/10—Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure
    • H05B39/105—Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure with a spare lamp in the circuit, and a possibility of shunting a failed lamp

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a short circuit element for a series supply circuit.
  • the subject of the present invention is a short-circuit element of the type having two terminals intended to be connected to the terminals of a device forming part of a set of conductive devices connected in series between two current supply terminals. electric, the short-circuit element being normally open and becoming conductive when the device to which it is connected in parallel ceases to ensure the conduction of electricity between its terminals.
  • the short-circuit element associated therewith is formed and supplies the other devices in this assembly.
  • a particular, but not limiting, field of application of the short-circuit element which is the subject of the invention is that of lighting or signaling circuits comprising several lamps connected in series, for example the beacon light circuits aerodrome runway.
  • the short-circuit elements currently used are relays with mechanical latching.
  • the relay associated with the lamp closes and short-circuits by a mechanically locked contact between the lamp and the excitation coil of the relay.
  • a short-circuit element for lighting installation as defined in the preamble of claim 1 is known from French patent 7421 218 published under the number 2275962.
  • Such an element is specific to high pressure discharge lamps known to have in their supply circuit a balancing inductor.
  • Such an element includes a static switch connected between two terminals, one of which is located upstream of the choke. This switch is triggered by control pulses from the secondary of a transformer whose primary is connected between the downstream of the choke and the second terminal.
  • Such an element which thus comprises three connection terminals, is completed by an incandescent lamp interposed between the upstream terminal and the static switch.
  • the choke is placed in series with the main lamp and that the triggering of the static switch is ensured by a transformer connected between the choke and the lamp. In the event of destruction of the choke, the bypass function can no longer be assumed since the transformer is no longer supplied.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem thus posed by proposing a new short-circuit element capable of operating correctly even under difficult operating conditions and offering the advantage of being insensitive to mechanical shock. and not to experience premature aging.
  • the predetermined threshold being chosen at a value for example the greater than the nominal voltage across the terminals of the device to be monitored, any rise in voltage beyond this threshold will cause the short-circuit element to conduct.
  • the static switch is formed by at least one semiconductor component, for example triac or thyristor.
  • the trip control circuit comprises at least one Zener diode connected to a terminal of the element.
  • the trip control circuit can be connected either between a terminal of the element and the control electrode, or between the terminals of the element, an additional output then being connected to the control electrode.
  • a pulse transformer can be provided with a primary winding connected in series between the terminals of the element and a secondary winding connected to the control electrode.
  • the series of beacon light supply circuit represented by FIG. 1 comprises a current regulator 1 which supplies the primary windings connected in series of transformers 2.
  • the secondary of each transformer supplies alternating current between its terminals 4 and 5 , a circuit 3 comprising several lamps 6 connected in series.
  • a short-circuit element 10 is connected in bypass to each lamp.
  • a single circuit 3 and a single element 10 are shown in detail in FIG. 1.
  • the short-circuit element 10 comprises a static switch which closes in response to an abnormal rise in the voltage across its terminals.
  • the element 10 has two terminals 8 1 and B ', connected to the terminals of the lamp 6 to which this element 10 is connected in parallel.
  • Element 10 includes a triac TR 1 connected between terminals 8 1 and B ' 1 .
  • the control electrode G1 of the triac TR1 is connected to a trip control circuit comprising, between the terminal B1 and the electrode G1, a resistor R1 and a set of diodes.
  • the diode assembly comprises a first series circuit formed by a diode D1 and a Zener diode Z1 with their cathodes in common and a second series circuit formed by a diode D '1 and a Zener diode Z' 1 with their anodes in common.
  • a resistor V1 with variable value depending on the voltage is connected between the terminals B1 and B'1 in parallel on the triac TR 1.
  • the operation of the short circuit element 10 is as follows.
  • the Zener diodes Z1 and Z'1 are chosen so that the voltage on the trigger G 1, for each half-wave, remains below the triac trigger threshold TR 1 when the lamp 6, at the terminals of which the circuit 10 is connected, works normally. The triac TR 1 is then blocked.
  • the element 10 If, for any reason, the voltage across the element 10 increases abnormally without this resulting from a cut in the filament of the lamp, the element 10 operates as described above and therefore provides protection for the lamp against overvoltages.
  • Component V1 is preferably a metal oxide varistor having a Z-shaped current-voltage characteristic, the resistance decreasing suddenly when the voltage across the varistor crosses, in absolute value, a given threshold. This component V1 therefore provides protection of the element 10 against overvoltages.
  • the element 20 of FIG. 2 comprises, in place of the triac TR 1, two thyristors TH2 and TH'2 mounted in parallel and head to tail between the terminals B2 and B'2 of the element 20.
  • the thyristor TH2 is associated with a trigger control circuit comprising a resistor R2, a diode D2 and a Zener diode Z2 connected in series between the terminal B2 and the control electrode G2 of the thyristor TH2, the diodes D2 and Z2 having their cathodes in common.
  • the thyristor TH'2 is associated with a trip control circuit comprising a resistor R'2, a diode D'2 and a Zener diode Z'2 connected in series between terminal B'2 and l ' control electrode G'2 of thyristor TH'2, the diodes D'2 and Z'2 having their cathodes in common.
  • a varistor V2 is connected between terminals B2 and B'2 in parallel on thyristors TH2 and TH'2.
  • the element 20 is therefore perfectly equivalent to the element 10 in FIG. 1 and its operation is similar to that of the latter.
  • the thyristors TH2 and TH'2 are made conductive alternately during successive positive and negative half-cycles.
  • the short-circuit element 30 comprises, between its terminals B3 and B ', a triac TR 3 connected in parallel to a varistor V3.
  • the trip control circuit comprises, between terminals B3 and B'3, a series circuit formed by a resistor R3, the primary of a pulse transformer T3 and a set of diodes D3, Z3, D ' 3, Z'3 similar to the set of diodes D1, Z1, D'1, Z'1 of element 10 in FIG. 1.
  • the secondary of transformer T3 is connected in series with a resistor S3 between terminal B '3 and the G3 control electrode of the triac TR 3.
  • the short-circuit element 30 operates similarly to the element 10 in FIG. 1.
  • the transformer T3 applies pulses to the electrode G3 making the triac TR 3 conductive.
  • the short-circuit element 40 comprises two thyristors TH4 and TH'4 mounted head to tail in parallel between the terminals B4 and B'4 of the element 40, a varistor V4 being also mounted between terminals B4 and B'4, in parallel on each thyristor.
  • the thyristor tripping control circuit comprises, for the two thyristors, a series circuit connected between the terminals B4 and B'4 and formed of a resistor R4, of a primary of a pulse transformer T4 and of a set of diodes D4, Z4, D'4, Z'4 similar to the set of diodes D1, Z1, D '1, Z' of element 10 of FIG. 1.
  • the transformer T4 has a first secondary winding connected in series with a resistor S4 between terminal B4 and the control electrode G4 of the thysistor TH4, and a second secondary winding connected in series with a resistor S'4 between the terminal and the control electrode G'4 of the thyristor TH'4.
  • the transformer T4 applies to the electrodes G4, G'4 pulses which make the thyristors TH 4 and TH '4 alternately conductive during successive half-cycles.
  • each short-circuit element is mounted on a printed circuit board 50 (FIGS. 5, 6) and are embedded in a sealing coating 51 obtained, for example, by molding a resin.
  • the plate 50 serves as a mounting support for the short-circuit element inside the metal box constituting the envelope of the beacon light with which the element is associated, and the plate 50 transmits to this metal envelope the heat energy dissipated by the triac or the thyristors when they are driving.
  • the plate 50 comprises a metallized zone 52 on which is fixed the housing 53 of the triac or of each thyristor and in which are formed holes 54 for fixing the plate on the housing of the beacon light.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

1. Short-circuit element designed to be connected in parallel to the two terminals (B'1-B1) of a conductor device (6) and of the type normally open and becoming conductor when said device stops conducting electricity between said terminals, said element comprising, on the one hand, a static ON-OFF circuit provided with at least one component (TR1) connected by its electrodes to the terminals of the device and a control electrode (G1) and, on the other hand, a trigger control circuit connected to a terminal (B1) of the device and to the control electrode, characterized in that, in its application as short-circuit element meant to create a by-pass circuit for a conductor device (6) which is part of an assembly of conductor devices (6) connected in series between two supply terminals (4) and (5), it comprises - a static ON-OFF by pass circuit provided with at least one component (TR1) having two electrodes connected directly to the terminals (B'1-B1) of the device (6), - a trigger control circuit provided with at least one ZENER (Z1) diode having a triggering function and applying to the control electrode a triggering signal which renders the component (TR1) conductive when the voltage at the terminals of the device exceeds a predetermined threshold, - a circuit connected between the terminals (B'1-B1) in parallel to the ON-OFF circuit and comprising a member (VI) for protection against excess voltage.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de court-circuit pour un circuit d'alimentation série.The present invention relates to a short circuit element for a series supply circuit.

Plus précisément, la présente invention a pour objet un élément de court-circuit du type ayant deux bornes destinées à être connectées aux bornes d'un dispositif formant partie d'un ensemble de dispositifs conducteurs branchés en série entre deux bornes d'alimentation en courant électrique, l'élément de court-circuit étant normalement ouvert et devenant conducteur lorsque le dispositif sur lequel il est branché en parallèle cesse d'assurer la conduction de l'électricité entre ses bornes.More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a short-circuit element of the type having two terminals intended to be connected to the terminals of a device forming part of a set of conductive devices connected in series between two current supply terminals. electric, the short-circuit element being normally open and becoming conductive when the device to which it is connected in parallel ceases to ensure the conduction of electricity between its terminals.

Ainsi, en cas de défaillance d'un des dispositifs de l'ensemble empêchant le passage du courant entre ses bornes, l'élément de court-circuit qui lui est associé se forme et assure l'alimentation des autres dispositifs de cet ensemble.Thus, in the event of a failure of one of the devices in the assembly preventing the passage of current between its terminals, the short-circuit element associated therewith is formed and supplies the other devices in this assembly.

Un domaine d'application particulier, mais non limitatif, de l'élément de court-circuit objet de l'invention est celui des circuits d'éclairage ou de signalisation comportant plusieurs lampes branchées en série, par exemple les circuits de feux de balisage de piste d'aérodrome.A particular, but not limiting, field of application of the short-circuit element which is the subject of the invention is that of lighting or signaling circuits comprising several lamps connected in series, for example the beacon light circuits aerodrome runway.

Dans le cas précisément des circuits de feux de balisage, les éléments de court-circuit utilisés actuellement sont à relais à accrochage mécanique. Lorsqu'un filament de lampe est coupé, le relais associé à la lampe se ferme et court-circuite par un contact verrouillé mécaniquement l'ensemble lampe et bobine d'excitation du relais.In the specific case of beacon light circuits, the short-circuit elements currently used are relays with mechanical latching. When a lamp filament is cut, the relay associated with the lamp closes and short-circuits by a mechanically locked contact between the lamp and the excitation coil of the relay.

Toutefois, il s'avère que, les relais étant pré- magnétisés, le moindre choc les fait fonctionner. Cet inconvénient est encore plus manifeste lorsqu'un relais a déclenché plusieurs fois car il est alors plus sensible aux vibrations.However, it turns out that, since the relays are pre-magnetized, the slightest shock makes them work. This drawback is even more manifest when a relay has tripped several times because it is then more sensitive to vibrations.

Dans un domaine d'application différent mais concernant toujours des circuits de lampes montées en série, on a déjà proposé d'associer à chaque lampe un élément de court-circuit du type distructif comme dans le brevet français 422 443. Un tel élément n'est pas satisfaisant car il implique une intervention obligatoire de remplacement à la fois de la lampe défectueuse et de l'élément qui lui est associé.In a different field of application but still relating to lamp circuits connected in series, it has already been proposed to associate with each lamp a short-circuit element of the distructive type as in French patent 422 443. Such an element does not is not satisfactory because it implies a mandatory intervention to replace both the defective lamp and the element associated with it.

En outre, l'enseignement selon ce brevet français prévoit de faire intervenir un relais électromécanique pour l'établissement d'un circuit d'alimentation en parallèle assurant le passage du courant vers l'élément de court-circuit dès la rupture de filament de la lampe. Un tel relais est affecté des mêmes inconvénients que ceux rappelés ci-dessus.Furthermore, the teaching according to this French patent provides for using an electromechanical relay for the establishment of a parallel supply circuit ensuring the passage of current to the short-circuit element as soon as the filament of the lamp. Such a relay is affected by the same drawbacks as those mentioned above.

Une telle solution technique n'est donc pas satisfaisante dans le domaine d'application visé.Such a technical solution is therefore not satisfactory in the intended field of application.

Un élément de court-circuit pour installation d'éclairage, tel que défini dans le préambule de la revendication 1 est connu du brevet français 7421 218 publié sous le numéro 2275962. Un tel élément est propre aux lampes à décharge à haute pression connues pour posséder dans leur circuit d'alimentation une self d'équilibrage. Un tel élément comprend un interrupteur statique branché entre deux bornes dont l'une est située en amont de la self. Cet interrupteur est déclenché par des impulsions de commande provenant du secondaire d'un transformateur dont la primaire est branché entre l'aval de la self et la seconde borne. Un tel élément, qui comporte ainsi trois bornes de connexion, est complété par une lampe à incandescence interposée entre la borne amont et l'interrupteur statique.A short-circuit element for lighting installation, as defined in the preamble of claim 1 is known from French patent 7421 218 published under the number 2275962. Such an element is specific to high pressure discharge lamps known to have in their supply circuit a balancing inductor. Such an element includes a static switch connected between two terminals, one of which is located upstream of the choke. This switch is triggered by control pulses from the secondary of a transformer whose primary is connected between the downstream of the choke and the second terminal. Such an element, which thus comprises three connection terminals, is completed by an incandescent lamp interposed between the upstream terminal and the static switch.

L'application particulière visée ne permet pas l'utilisation d'un tel élément pour des feux de balisage en série. En effet, la présence de la self n'est pas compatible avec un nombre de lampes série relativement important étant donné le déphasage apporté par les selfs et l'élévation rapide de la tension d'alimentation qui en résulterait. A supposer qu'une telle utilisation soit cependant envisagée, les moyens proposés par ce brevet français ne permettraient pas de résoudre le problème posé. En effet, si la lampe à décharge d'un premier élément de court-circuit s'arrête de fonctionner, il pourrait être considéré que la continuité du circuit série reste établie par la lampe à incandescence. Ceci n'est plus vrai toutefois en cas de destruction de cette lampe qui représente un élément de fiabilité douteuse dans l'application considérée.The particular application in question does not allow the use of such an element for serial beacon lights. Indeed, the presence of the inductor is not compatible with a relatively large number of series lamps given the phase shift provided by the inductors and the rapid rise in the supply voltage which would result therefrom. Even assuming that such use is envisaged, the means proposed by this French patent would not make it possible to solve the problem posed. Indeed, if the discharge lamp of a first short-circuit element stops working, it could be considered that the continuity of the series circuit remains established by the incandescent lamp. This is no longer true, however, in the event of destruction of this lamp, which represents an element of doubtful reliability in the application considered.

Par ailleurs, il faut noter que la self est placée en série avec la lampe principale et que le déclenchement de l'interrupteur statique est assuré par un transformateur branché entre la self et la lampe. En cas de destruction de la self, la fonction de dérivation ne peut plus être assumée puisque le transformateur n'est plus alimenté.In addition, it should be noted that the choke is placed in series with the main lamp and that the triggering of the static switch is ensured by a transformer connected between the choke and the lamp. In the event of destruction of the choke, the bypass function can no longer be assumed since the transformer is no longer supplied.

Un tel élément ne peut donc être utilisé dans le domaine visé.Such an element cannot therefore be used in the targeted field.

La présente invention a pour but d'apporter une solution au problème ainsi posé en proposant un nouvel élément de court-circuit susceptible de fonctionner de façon correcte même dans des conditions d'exploitation difficiles et offrant l'avantage d'être insensible aux chocs mécaniques et de ne pas connaître de vieillissement prématuré.The object of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem thus posed by proposing a new short-circuit element capable of operating correctly even under difficult operating conditions and offering the advantage of being insensitive to mechanical shock. and not to experience premature aging.

Ce but est atteint du fait que, conformément à l'invention l'élement de court-circuit comprend:

  • -un circuit interrupteur statique de dérivation comprenant au moins un composant ayant deux électrodes reliées directement aux bornes du dispositif,
  • -un circuit de commande de déclenchement comprenant au moins une diode ZENER assumant une fonction de déclenchement et appliquant à l'électrode de commande un signal de déclenchement rendant le composant conducteur lorsque la tension aux bornes du dispositif dépasse un seuil prédéterminé,
  • -un circuit branché, en parallèle du circuit interrupteur, entre les bornes et comportant un organe de protection contre les surtensions.
This object is achieved because, in accordance with the invention, the short-circuit element comprises:
  • a static bypass switch circuit comprising at least one component having two electrodes connected directly to the terminals of the device,
  • a trigger control circuit comprising at least one ZENER diode assuming a trigger function and applying a trigger signal to the control electrode making the component conductive when the voltage across the device exceeds a predetermined threshold,
  • a circuit connected, in parallel with the switch circuit, between the terminals and comprising a device for protection against overvoltage.

Le seuil prédéterminé étant choisi à une valeur par exemple l'égèrement supérieure à la tension nominale aux bornes du dispositif à surveiller, toute élévation de tension au-delà de ce seuil provoquera la conduction de l'élément de court-circuit. Ainsi apparaît un avantage particulier de l'élément de court-circuit conforme à l'invention, avantage qui réside dans le fait qu'il remplit non seulement sa fonction de dérivation en cas de coupure de dispositif surveillé, mais aussi une fonction de protection en cas de surtension aux bornes du dispositif surveillé non due à une coupure de celui-ci.The predetermined threshold being chosen at a value for example the greater than the nominal voltage across the terminals of the device to be monitored, any rise in voltage beyond this threshold will cause the short-circuit element to conduce. Thus appears a particular advantage of the short-circuit element according to the invention, an advantage which resides in the fact that it fulfills not only its bypass function in the event of a cut-off of the monitored device, but also a protection function in overvoltage at the terminals of the monitored device not due to a cut-out of the device.

Selon une particularité de l'élément de court-circuit conforme à l'invention, l'interrupteur statique est formé par au moins un composant à semiconducteur, par exemple triac ou thyristor.According to a feature of the short-circuit element according to the invention, the static switch is formed by at least one semiconductor component, for example triac or thyristor.

Selon une caractéristique de l'élément de court-circuit conforme à l'invention, le circuit de commande de déclenchement comporte au moins une diode Zéner reliée à une borne de l'élément.According to a characteristic of the short-circuit element according to the invention, the trip control circuit comprises at least one Zener diode connected to a terminal of the element.

Le circuit de commande de déclenchement peut être branché soit entre une borne de l'élément et l'électrode de commande, soit entre les bornes de l'élément, une sortie supplémentaire étant alors reliée à l'électrode de commande. Dans ce dernier cas, un transformateur d'impulsions peut être prévu avec un enroulement primaire branché en série entre les bornes de l'élément et un enroulement secondaire relié à l'électrode de commande.The trip control circuit can be connected either between a terminal of the element and the control electrode, or between the terminals of the element, an additional output then being connected to the control electrode. In the latter case, a pulse transformer can be provided with a primary winding connected in series between the terminals of the element and a secondary winding connected to the control electrode.

D'autres particularités et avantages du dispositif conforme à l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif, en référence aux dessins joints qui illustrent:

  • -figure 1: un schéma de circuit d'alimentation série de feux de balisage muni d'éléments de court-circuit conformes à l'invention;
  • -figures 2 à 4: trois schémas illustrant des variantes de réalisation d'un élément de court-circuit conforme à l'invention, et,
  • -figures 5 et 6: une vue en plan et une vue de côté d'une plaquette sur laquelle est monté un élément de court-circuit conforme à l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the device according to the invention will emerge on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate:
  • FIG. 1: a diagram of the series supply circuit for beacon lights provided with short-circuit elements in accordance with the invention;
  • FIGS. 2 to 4: three diagrams illustrating alternative embodiments of a short-circuit element according to the invention, and,
  • -Figures 5 and 6: a plan view and a side view of a wafer on which is mounted a short-circuit element according to the invention.

Le circuit d'alimentation série de feux de balisage représenté par la figure 1 comporte un régulateur de courant 1 qui alimente, les enroulements primaires branchés en série de transformateurs 2. Le secondaire de chaque transformateur alimente en courant alternatif, entre ses bornes 4 et 5, un circuit 3 comportant plusieurs lampes 6 branchées en série. Un élément de court-circuit 10 est branché en dérivation sur chaque lampe. Un seul circuit 3 et un seul élément 10 sont représentés en détail sur la figure 1.The series of beacon light supply circuit represented by FIG. 1 comprises a current regulator 1 which supplies the primary windings connected in series of transformers 2. The secondary of each transformer supplies alternating current between its terminals 4 and 5 , a circuit 3 comprising several lamps 6 connected in series. A short-circuit element 10 is connected in bypass to each lamp. A single circuit 3 and a single element 10 are shown in detail in FIG. 1.

Conformément à l'invention, l'élément de court-circuit 10 comporte un interrupteur statique se fermant en réponse à une élévation anormale de la tension à ses bornes.According to the invention, the short-circuit element 10 comprises a static switch which closes in response to an abnormal rise in the voltage across its terminals.

Dans l'exemple illustré par la fig. 1, l'élément 10 comporte deux bornes 81 et B', raccordées aux bornes de la lampe 6 sur laquelle cet élément 10 est branché en parallèle. L'élément 10 comprend un triac TR1 branché entre les bornes 81 et B'1. L'électrode de commande G1 du triac TR1 est reliée à un circuit de commande de déclenchement comportant, entre la borne B1 et l'électrode G1, une résistance R1 et un ensemble de diodes. L'ensemble de diodes comporte un premier circuit série formé d'une diode D1 et d'une diode Zéner Z1 avec leurs cathodes en commun et un second circuit série formé d'une diode D' 1 et d'une diode Zéner Z' 1 avec leurs anodes en commun. Une résistance V1 à valeur variable en fonction de la tension est branchée entre les bornes B1 et B'1 en parallèle sur le triac TR 1.In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the element 10 has two terminals 8 1 and B ', connected to the terminals of the lamp 6 to which this element 10 is connected in parallel. Element 10 includes a triac TR 1 connected between terminals 8 1 and B ' 1 . The control electrode G1 of the triac TR1 is connected to a trip control circuit comprising, between the terminal B1 and the electrode G1, a resistor R1 and a set of diodes. The diode assembly comprises a first series circuit formed by a diode D1 and a Zener diode Z1 with their cathodes in common and a second series circuit formed by a diode D '1 and a Zener diode Z' 1 with their anodes in common. A resistor V1 with variable value depending on the voltage is connected between the terminals B1 and B'1 in parallel on the triac TR 1.

Le fonctionnement de l'élément de court-circuit 10 est le suivant.The operation of the short circuit element 10 is as follows.

Les diodes Zéner Z1 et Z'1 sont choisies de manière que la tension sur la gâchette G 1, pour chaque alternance, reste endeçà du seuil de déclenchement du triac TR 1 lorsque la lampe 6, aux bornes de laquelle le circuit 10 est branché, fonctionne normalement. Le triac TR 1 est alors bloqué.The Zener diodes Z1 and Z'1 are chosen so that the voltage on the trigger G 1, for each half-wave, remains below the triac trigger threshold TR 1 when the lamp 6, at the terminals of which the circuit 10 is connected, works normally. The triac TR 1 is then blocked.

Si le filament de la lampe se coupe, le courant ne circule plus dans le circuit 3 et la tension aux bornes 4 et 5 se trouve entièrement disponible aux bornes de l'élément 10. Lorsque, à chaque demi-alternance, la tension appliquée à l'électrode G1 à travers le circuit R1, D1, Z1 ou R1, D'1, Z'1 (selon le signe de l'alternance) dépasse le seuil déterminé par les diodes et les conditions de fonctionnement de triac TR 1, ce dernier conduit. Le triac est donc alors déclenché à chaque demi-alternance et assure le passage du courant permettant le fonctionnement des autres lampes 6 branchées sur le circuit 3.If the filament of the lamp is cut, the current no longer flows in circuit 3 and the voltage at terminals 4 and 5 is fully available at the terminals of element 10. When, at each half-wave, the voltage applied to the electrode G1 through the circuit R1, D1, Z1 or R1, D'1, Z'1 (depending on the sign of the alternation) exceeds the threshold determined by the diodes and the operating conditions of triac TR 1, this last conduit. The triac is therefore triggered at each half-wave and ensures the passage of current allowing the operation of the other lamps 6 connected to the circuit 3.

Si, pour une raison quelconque, la tension aux bornes de l'élément 10 croît anormalement sans que cela résulte d'une coupure de filament de la lampe, l'élément 10 fonctionne comme décrit ci-dessus et assure donc une protection de la lampe contre les surtensions.If, for any reason, the voltage across the element 10 increases abnormally without this resulting from a cut in the filament of the lamp, the element 10 operates as described above and therefore provides protection for the lamp against overvoltages.

Le composant V1 est de préférence un varistor à oxyde métallique ayant une caractéristique intensité-tension en forme de Z, la résistance décroissant brusquement lorsque la tension aux bornes du varistor franchit, en valeur absolue, un seuil donné. Ce composant V1 assure donc une protection de l'élément 10 contre les surtensions.Component V1 is preferably a metal oxide varistor having a Z-shaped current-voltage characteristic, the resistance decreasing suddenly when the voltage across the varistor crosses, in absolute value, a given threshold. This component V1 therefore provides protection of the element 10 against overvoltages.

Différentes variantes de réalisation de l'élément de court-circuit sont illustrées par les figures 2 à 4.Different embodiments of the short-circuit element are illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 4.

L'élément 20 de la figure 2 comporte, à la place du triac TR 1, deux thyristors TH2 et TH'2 montés en parallèle et têtebêche entre les bornes B2 et B'2 de l'élément 20. Le thyristor TH2 est associé à un circuit de commande de déclenchement comportant une résistance R2, une diode D2 et une diode Zéner Z2 branchées en série entre la borne B2 et l'électrode de commande G2 du thyristor TH2, les diodes D2 et Z2 ayant leurs cathodes en commun. De la même façon, le thyristor TH'2 est associé à un circuit de commande de déclenchement comportant une résistance R'2, une diode D'2 et une diode Zéner Z'2 branchées en série entre la borne B'2 et l'électrode de commande G'2 du thyristor TH'2, les diodes D'2 et Z'2 ayant leurs cathodes en commun. Un varistor V2 est branché entre les bornes B2 et B'2 en parallèle sur les thyristors TH2 et TH'2.The element 20 of FIG. 2 comprises, in place of the triac TR 1, two thyristors TH2 and TH'2 mounted in parallel and head to tail between the terminals B2 and B'2 of the element 20. The thyristor TH2 is associated with a trigger control circuit comprising a resistor R2, a diode D2 and a Zener diode Z2 connected in series between the terminal B2 and the control electrode G2 of the thyristor TH2, the diodes D2 and Z2 having their cathodes in common. In the same way, the thyristor TH'2 is associated with a trip control circuit comprising a resistor R'2, a diode D'2 and a Zener diode Z'2 connected in series between terminal B'2 and l ' control electrode G'2 of thyristor TH'2, the diodes D'2 and Z'2 having their cathodes in common. A varistor V2 is connected between terminals B2 and B'2 in parallel on thyristors TH2 and TH'2.

L'élément 20 est donc parfaitement équivalent à l'élément 10 de la figure 1 et son fonctionnement est analogue à celui de ce dernier.The element 20 is therefore perfectly equivalent to the element 10 in FIG. 1 and its operation is similar to that of the latter.

Lorsque la tension aux bornes B2, B'2 dépasse un seuil prédéterminé, les thyristors TH2 et TH'2 sont rendus conducteurs alternativement au cours des demi-alternances positives et négatives successives.When the voltage at terminals B2, B'2 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the thyristors TH2 and TH'2 are made conductive alternately during successive positive and negative half-cycles.

Dans le cas de la figure 3, l'élément de court-circuit 30 comporte, entre ses bornes B3 et B', un triac TR 3 branché en parallèle sur un varistor V3. Le circuit de commande de déclenchement comporte, entre les bornes B3 et B'3, un circuit série formé d'une résistance R3, du primaire d'un transformateur d'impulsions T3 et d'un ensemble de diodes D3, Z3, D'3, Z'3 semblable a l'ensemble de diodes D1, Z1, D'1, Z'1 de l'élément 10 de la figure 1. Le secondaire du transformateur T3 est branché en série avec une résistance S3 entre la borne B'3 et l'electrode de commande G3 du triac TR 3.In the case of FIG. 3, the short-circuit element 30 comprises, between its terminals B3 and B ', a triac TR 3 connected in parallel to a varistor V3. The trip control circuit comprises, between terminals B3 and B'3, a series circuit formed by a resistor R3, the primary of a pulse transformer T3 and a set of diodes D3, Z3, D ' 3, Z'3 similar to the set of diodes D1, Z1, D'1, Z'1 of element 10 in FIG. 1. The secondary of transformer T3 is connected in series with a resistor S3 between terminal B '3 and the G3 control electrode of the triac TR 3.

L'élément de court-circuit 30 fonctionne de façon semblable à l'élément 10 de la figure 1. Lorsque la tension entre les bornes B3 et B'3 atteint une valeur telle que l'ensemble à diodes Z3, D3, Z'3, D'3 conduit au cours de chaque demi-alternance, le transformateur T3 applique sur l'électrode G3 des impulsions rendant le triac TR 3 conducteur.The short-circuit element 30 operates similarly to the element 10 in FIG. 1. When the voltage between the terminals B3 and B'3 reaches a value such that the diode assembly Z3, D3, Z'3 , D'3 conducts during each half-wave, the transformer T3 applies pulses to the electrode G3 making the triac TR 3 conductive.

Dans le cas de la figure 4, l'élément de court-circuit 40 comporte deux thyristors TH4 et TH'4 montés tête-bêche en parallèle entre les bornes B4 et B'4 de l'élément 40, un varistor V4 étant également monté entre les bornes B4 et B'4, en parallèle sur chaque thyristor. Le circuit de commande de déclenchement des thyristors comporte, pour les deux thyristors, un circuit série branché entre les bornes B4 et B'4 et formé d'une résistance R4, d'un primaire d'un transformateur d'impulsions T4 et d'un ensemble de diodes D4, Z4, D'4, Z'4 semblable à l'ensemble de diodes D1, Z1, D' 1, Z' de l'élément 10 de la figure 1. Le transformateur T4 a un premier enroulement secondaire branché en série avec une résistance S4 entre la borne B4 et l'électrode de commande G4 du thysistor TH4, et un second enroulement secondaire branché en série avec une résistance S'4 entre la borne et l'électrode de commande G'4 du thyristor TH'4.In the case of FIG. 4, the short-circuit element 40 comprises two thyristors TH4 and TH'4 mounted head to tail in parallel between the terminals B4 and B'4 of the element 40, a varistor V4 being also mounted between terminals B4 and B'4, in parallel on each thyristor. The thyristor tripping control circuit comprises, for the two thyristors, a series circuit connected between the terminals B4 and B'4 and formed of a resistor R4, of a primary of a pulse transformer T4 and of a set of diodes D4, Z4, D'4, Z'4 similar to the set of diodes D1, Z1, D '1, Z' of element 10 of FIG. 1. The transformer T4 has a first secondary winding connected in series with a resistor S4 between terminal B4 and the control electrode G4 of the thysistor TH4, and a second secondary winding connected in series with a resistor S'4 between the terminal and the control electrode G'4 of the thyristor TH'4.

Lorsque la tension entre les bornes B4 et B'4 atteint une valeur telle que l'ensemble à diodes Z4, D4, Z'4, D'4 conduit au cours de chaque demi-alternance, le transformateur T4 applique sur les électrodes G4, G'4 des impulsions qui rendent les thyristors TH 4 et TH' 4 alternativement conducteurs au cours des demi-alternances successives.When the voltage between terminals B4 and B'4 reaches a value such that the diode assembly Z4, D4, Z'4, D'4 conducts during each half-wave, the transformer T4 applies to the electrodes G4, G'4 pulses which make the thyristors TH 4 and TH '4 alternately conductive during successive half-cycles.

Dans le cadre de leur application aux circuits a'alimentation de feux de balisage, les éléments de court-circuit conformes à l'invention sont soumis à des conditions d'exploitation sévères. De préférence, les composantes de chaque élément de court-circuit sont montés sur une plaquette de circuit imprimé 50 (figures 5, 6) et sont noyés dans un enrobage d'étanchéité 51 obtenu, par exemple, par moulage d'une résine.In the context of their application to circuits for supplying beacon lights, the short-circuit elements in accordance with the invention are subjected to severe operating conditions. Preferably, the components of each short-circuit element are mounted on a printed circuit board 50 (FIGS. 5, 6) and are embedded in a sealing coating 51 obtained, for example, by molding a resin.

De préférence, la plaquette 50 sert de support de montage de l'élément de court-circuit à l'intérieur de boîtier métallique constituant l'enveloppe du feu de balisage auquel l'élément est associé, et la plaquette 50 transmet à cette enveloppe métallique l'énergie calorifique dissipée par le triac ou les thyristors lorsqu'ils conduisent. A cet effet, la plaquette 50 comporte une zone métallisée 52 sur laquelle est fixé la boîtier 53 du triac ou de chaque thyristor et dans laquelle sont formés des trous 54 de fixation de la plaquette sur le boîtier du feu de balisage.Preferably, the plate 50 serves as a mounting support for the short-circuit element inside the metal box constituting the envelope of the beacon light with which the element is associated, and the plate 50 transmits to this metal envelope the heat energy dissipated by the triac or the thyristors when they are driving. To this end, the plate 50 comprises a metallized zone 52 on which is fixed the housing 53 of the triac or of each thyristor and in which are formed holes 54 for fixing the plate on the housing of the beacon light.

Bien entendu, diverses modifications ou adjonctions pourront être apportées aux modes de réalisation décrits plus haut d'un élément de court-circuit conforme à l'invention sans pour cela sortir du cadre de protection défini par les revendications annexées.Of course, various modifications or additions may be made to the embodiments described above of a short-circuit element according to the invention without thereby departing from the protective framework defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. Short-circuit element designed to be connected in parallel to the two terminals (B'1-Bi) of a conductor device (6) and of the type normally open and becoming conductor when said device stops conducting electricity between said terminals, said element comprising, on the one hand, a static ON-OFF circuit provided with at least one component (TR1) connected by its electrodes to the terminals of the device and a control electrode (G1) and, on the other hand, a trigger control circuit connected to a terminal (B1) of the device and to the control electrode, characterized in that, in its application as short-circuit element meant to create a by-pass circuit for a conductor device (6) which is part of an assembly of conductor devices (6) connected in series between two supply terminals (4) and (5), it comprises
­-a static ON-OFF by pass circuit provided with at least one component (TR1) having two electrodes connected directly to the terminals (B' 1­B1) of the device (6),
-a trigger control circuit provided with at least one ZENER (Z1) diode having a triggering function and applying to the control electrode a triggering signal which renders the component (TR1) conductive when the voltage at the terminals of the device exceeds a predetermined threshold,
-a circuit connected between the terminals (B'1-B1) in parallel to the ON-OFF circuit and comprising a member (VI) for protection against excess voltage.
2. Short-circuit element according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger control circuit comprises a transformer (T3) provided with a primary winding connected in series with at least the ZENER diode (Z3) between the two terminals (B'3―B3) and at least a secondary winding arranged on a circuit produced between the control electrode (G3) and one (B'3) of the terminals.
3. Short-circuit element according to claim 1, characterized in that the member provided for the protection of the circuit connected in parallel to the ON-OFF circuit consists of a resistor (V1―V2―V3) or (V4) whose resistivity varies as a function of the voltage at its terminals.
EP80420103A 1979-09-11 1980-09-04 Short-circuiting element for series supply circuit Expired EP0025404B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80420103T ATE5626T1 (en) 1979-09-11 1980-09-04 SHORT-CIRCUIT ELEMENT FOR SERIES CONNECTION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7923262A FR2465394A1 (en) 1979-09-11 1979-09-11 SHORT-CIRCUIT ELEMENT FOR A SERIES POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT
FR7923262 1979-09-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0025404A2 EP0025404A2 (en) 1981-03-18
EP0025404A3 EP0025404A3 (en) 1981-03-25
EP0025404B1 true EP0025404B1 (en) 1983-12-14

Family

ID=9229760

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80420103A Expired EP0025404B1 (en) 1979-09-11 1980-09-04 Short-circuiting element for series supply circuit

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EP (1) EP0025404B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5646630A (en)
AT (1) ATE5626T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3065892D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2465394A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10329082A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-21 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Switching unit for system with a number of laser diodes provides a bridging function to maintain operation if one device fails

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2658974B1 (en) * 1990-02-26 1996-09-06 Estival Christian DEVICE FOR SUPPLYING HIGH-RELIABILITY SERIES-CONNECTED INCANDESCENT LAMPS.
FR2663183B1 (en) * 1990-06-07 1997-04-11 Fd Eclairage Architectural LOW VOLTAGE LAMP SUPPLY CIRCUIT ARRANGED IN SERIES.
FR2771587B1 (en) * 1997-11-21 2000-01-21 Francis David RELAY-SHUNT FOR LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRIC LAMP, MOUNTED IN SERIES

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR422443A (en) * 1909-11-03 1911-03-21 Edgar Booth Improvements in the electrical installations of incandescent lamps connected in series
US2021062A (en) * 1932-12-09 1935-11-12 Gen Electric Indicator for incandescent lamps
FR1541224A (en) * 1967-10-02 1968-10-04 Bassani Spa Device for the automatic switching on of lamps in the event of switch-off of normal lamps in a lighting installation
FR2275962A1 (en) * 1974-06-19 1976-01-16 Central Eclairage Lab Lighting circuit using discharge lamp - auxiliary incandescent lamp operated on failure of discharge lamp supply
US4099095A (en) * 1976-02-25 1978-07-04 General Electric Company Operating circuit for gaseous discharge and incandescent lamps

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10329082A1 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-21 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Switching unit for system with a number of laser diodes provides a bridging function to maintain operation if one device fails

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE5626T1 (en) 1983-12-15
EP0025404A2 (en) 1981-03-18
JPS5646630A (en) 1981-04-27
FR2465394A1 (en) 1981-03-20
EP0025404A3 (en) 1981-03-25
FR2465394B1 (en) 1983-11-18
DE3065892D1 (en) 1984-01-19

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