EP0024457A1 - Novel fuel compositions - Google Patents

Novel fuel compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024457A1
EP0024457A1 EP79301765A EP79301765A EP0024457A1 EP 0024457 A1 EP0024457 A1 EP 0024457A1 EP 79301765 A EP79301765 A EP 79301765A EP 79301765 A EP79301765 A EP 79301765A EP 0024457 A1 EP0024457 A1 EP 0024457A1
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Prior art keywords
coal
fuel compositions
compositions according
novel fuel
temperature
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EP79301765A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joseph P. Giannetti
Harold E. Swift
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Gulf Research and Development Co
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Gulf Research and Development Co
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Priority to EP79301765A priority Critical patent/EP0024457A1/en
Publication of EP0024457A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024457A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
    • C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
    • C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
    • C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/322—Coal-oil suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion

Abstract

Novel fuel compositions comprising: (A) a solid and/or semi-solid material formed by a process for upgrading coal which comprises the steps of: (1) subjecting a slurry composed of coal and a solvent containing donatable hydrogen, together with hydrogen, to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions in a first hydrogenation zone to form an intermediate coal-solvent slurry; (2) deashing said intermediate coal-solvent slurry to form a coal-solvent solution; (3) subjecting said coal-solvent solution to catalytic hydrogenation conditions in a second hydrogenation zone to obtain a product that can be separated at ambient pressure into (a) a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to 375°C, (b) a second liquid fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction at a temperature in the range of about 200 to about 525°C and (c) said solid and orsemi-solid material; and then (4) recycling at least a portion of said second liquid fraction to said first hydrogenation zone; and (B) a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to 375°C at ambient pressure; wherein the weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 20:1 to about 1.5:1.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
  • A solvent refined coal product is a solid and/or semi-solid material that cannot be converted readily to a fuel of lower viscosity (ca 220 Saybolt Furol Seconds at 99°C) unless it is blended with a large amount of light-boiling hydrocarbon stock or subjected to hydrogenation. The latter has the disadvantage of requiring large amounts of hydrogen. Both these alternatives are costly.
  • The present invention is directed to novel fuel compositions comprising: (A) a solid and/or semi-solid material formed by a process for upgrading coal which comprises the steps of: (1) subjecting a slurry composed of coal and a solvent containing donatable hydrogen, together with hydrogen, to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions in a first hydrogenation zone to form an intermediate coal-solvent slurry; (2) deashing said intermediate coal-solvent slurry to form a coal-solvent solution; (3) subjecting said coal-solvent solution to catalytic hydrogenation conditions in a second hydrogenation zone to obtain a product that can be separated at ambient pressure into (a) a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C, (b) a second liquid fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction at a temperature in the range of about 200 to about 525°C and (c) said solid and/or semi-solid material; and then (4) recycling at least a portion of said second liquid fraction to said first hydrogenation zone; and (B) a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C at ambient pressure; wherein.the weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 20:1 to about 1.5:1.
    • 2. Description of the Prior Art
  • Applicant is unaware of any prior art relevant to the invention defined and claimed herein.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • We have discovered novel fuel compositions comprising:
    • (A) a solid and/or semi-solid material formed by a process for upgrading coal which comprises the steps of: (1) subjecting a slurry composed of coal and a solvent containing donatable hydrogen, together with hydrogen, to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions in a first hydrogenation zone to form an intermediate coal-solvent slurry; (2) deashing said intermediate coal-solvent slurry to form a coal-solvent solution; (3) subjecting said coal-solvent solution to catalytic hydrogenation conditions in a second hydrogenation zone to obtain a product that can be separated at ambient pressure into (a) a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C, (b) a second liquid fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction at a temperature in the range of about 200 to about 525°C and (c) said solid and/or semi-solid material; and then (4) recycling at least a portion of said second liquid fraction to said first hydrogenation zone; and (B) a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C at ambient pressure; wherein the weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 20:1 to about 1.5:1.
  • The solid and/or semi-solid component of the novel fuel compositions claimed herein is formed by a process described in our copending application entitled "Improved Solvent Refined Coal Process" (Case A), Serial No. 865.605 , filed concurrently herewith. In general, as defined in said application, a slurry composed of coal and a solvent containing donatable hydrogen, together with hydrogen, is subjected to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions in a first hydrogenation zone under the conditions set forth in Table 1.
    Figure imgb0001
  • After subjecting the slurry to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions, an intermediate coal-solvent slurry is obtained. Ash and/or other insoluble material is separated from the intermediate coal-solvent slurry and a coal-solvent solution is obtained. The coal-solvent solution formed as the result of deashing is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation conditions in a second hydrogenation zone. The catalytic hydrogenation conditions are set forth in Table 2.
    Figure imgb0002
  • Any hydrogenation catalyst suitable for use in coal hydrogenation can be used herein, for example, the catalyst defined and claimed in U. S. Patent No. 3,840,423. The preferred catalyst is comprised of a hydrogenation component selected from the group consisting of Group VI and Group VIII metals, their oxides and sulfides, supported on a non-zeolitic carrier, which catalyst is promoted with a Group IV-B metal. Illustrative of particularly preferred catalysts for use in our invention have metal combinations of nickel-titanium-molybdenum, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum, and nickel-tungsten on an alumina carrier.
  • Catalytic hydrogenation produces a product that can be separated by any conventional method known in the art, especially by distillation at ambient pressure into (a) a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C, preferably about 150 to about 325°C, (b) a second liquid fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction at a temperature in the range of about 200 to about 525°C, preferably about 250 to about 475°C, and (c) a solid and/or semi-solid material. An elemental analysis for a typical solid and/or semi-solid material obtained by the process described in said copending application and which is a necessary component of the novel fuel compositions claimed herein is set forth in Table 3.
    Figure imgb0003
  • The solid and/or semi-solid material is capable of being blended with a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C, preferably at about 150 to about 325°C, at ambient pressure. A typical elemental analysis for a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is set forth in Table 4.
    Figure imgb0004
  • In general, suitable light-boiling hydrocarbon stocks that can be employed in the invention can include, for example, #2 fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline, light shale oil fractions and light fractions obtained from coal hydrogenation. A particularly preferred light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is described in said copending application and in the present invention herein as "a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C, preferably about 150 to about 375°C". An elemental analysis of said first liquid fraction is set forth in Table 5 herein.
    Figure imgb0005
  • The solid and/or semi-solid material is mixed or blended with the light-boiling hydrocarbon stock by means well-known in the art. The ingredients are mixed until a homogeneous product is obtained. The weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 20:1 to about 1.5:1, preferably about 10:1 to about 2:1. An elemental analysis of said homogeneous product is set forth in Table 6.
    Figure imgb0006
  • The product obtained as a result of the invention described herein is useful as a fuel for power generation in place of fuel oil derived from coal and petroleum stocks.
    • DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The invention will be further described with reference to the experimental data.
    • Example 1
  • An ash-containing coal from the Pittsburg and Midway Coal Company Colonial Mine was used in the experimental work. The coal had the following analysis:
    Figure imgb0007
  • The coal was dissolved in a solvent substantially as defined in Table 6 in our said copendirg application, together with hydrogen, under catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions set forth in Table 8 in a first hydrogenation zone to form an intermediate coal-solvent slurry.
    Figure imgb0008
  • Ash and/or other insolubles were separated from the coal-solvent slurry by filtration under the conditions set forth in Table 9 to form a coal-solvent solution. An analysis of the coal-solvent solution is set forth in Table 10.
    Figure imgb0009
    Figure imgb0010
  • The coal-solvent solution was subjected to catalytic hydrogenation by passing the solution over a specific catalyst under specific reaction conditions set forth in Table 11 to form a product.
    Figure imgb0011
  • The product was subjected to separation by distillation after catalytic hydrogenation into (a) a first liquid fraction which boiled between about 191 to about 288°C, (b) a second liquid fraction that boiled between about 288 to about 396°C and (c) a solid and/or semi-solid material. An analysis of each of these is set forth in Table 12.
    Figure imgb0012
  • The solid and/or semi-solid material defined in Table 12 was blended with a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock which has been defined as the first liquid fraction in Table 12. The blends had the characteristics set forth in Table 13.
    Figure imgb0013
    • Example 2
  • This example is identical to Example 1 except that the catalytic hydrogenation conditions were as follows:
    Figure imgb0014
    and the weight ratio of solid and/or semi-solid material (boiling above 454°C) to the light-boiling hydrocarbon stock was 2.7:1. The final product obtained had the characteristics set forth in Table 14.
    Figure imgb0015
    • Example 3
  • This example is identical to Example 1 except that the catalytic hydrogenation conditions were as follows:
    Figure imgb0016
    The solid and/or semi-solid material (boiling above 389°C) was blended with the first liquid fraction. The blends had the characteristics set forth in Table 15.
    Figure imgb0017
  • Obviously, many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinabove set forth, can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and, therefore, only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

Claims (19)

1. Novel fuel compositions comprising:
(A) a solid and/or semi-solid material formed by a process for upgrading coal which comprises the steps of:
(1) subjecting a slurry composed of coal and a solvent containing donatable hydrogen, together with hydrogen, to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions in a first hydrogenation zone to form an intermediate coal-solvent slurry;
(2) deashing said intermediate coal-solvent slurry to form a coal-solvent solution;
(3) subjecting said coal-solvent solution to catalytic hydrogenation conditions in a second hydrogenation zone to obtain a product that can be separated at ambient pressure into (a) a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C, (b) a second liquid fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction at a temperature in the range of about 200 to about 525°C and (c) said solid and/or semi-solid material; and then
(4) recycling at least a portion of said second liquid fraction to said first hydrogenation zon3; and
(B) a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100 to about 375°C at ambient pressure.
2. Novel fuel composition according to claim 1 wherein a weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 20:1 to about 1.5:1.
3. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein a weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 10:1 to about 2:1.
4. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said first liquid fraction boils at a temperature in the range of about 150 to about 325°C; and said second fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction boils at a temperature in the range of about 250 to about 475°C.
5. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said first hydrogenation zone has a temperature ranging from about 343 to about 510°C; a pressure ranging from about 500 to about 5,000 psig; a solvent/coal weight ratio ranging from about 0.5/1 to about 10/1; a hydrogen/coal feed weight ratio ranging from about ' 0.01/1 to about 0.30/1; a hydrogen gas purity ranging from about 85 to about 100 mole percent; and a residence time of about 0.1 to about 5.0 hours.
6. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said first hydrogenation zone has a temperature ranging from about 399 to about 482°C; a pressure ranging from about 1,000 to about 2,000 psig; a solvent/coal weight ratio ranging from about 1/1 to about 4/1; a hydrogen/coal feed weight ratio ranging from about 0.05/1 to about 0.01/1; a hydrogen gas purity ranging from about 95 to about 97 mole percent; and a residence time of about 0.5 to about 2.0 hours.
7. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said deashing is by filtration.
8. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said second hydrogenation zone has a temperature ranging from about 260 to about 538°C; a pressure ranging from about 500 to about 10,000 psig; a liquid hourly space velocity of about 0.3 to about 10 volume feed/volume catalyst/hr; and a hydrogen flow rate of about 25 to about 190 kmol H2/m3 feed.
9. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said second hydrogenation zone has a temperature ranging from about 399 to about 454°C; a pressure ranging from about 1,000 to about 4,000 psig; a liquid hourly space velocity of about 1.0 to about 4 volume feed/volume catalyst/hr; and a hydrogen flow rate of about 60 to about 90 kmol H2m3 feed.
10. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said second hydrogenation zone contains a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation component selected from the group consisting of Group VI and VIII metals, their oxides and sulfides, and combinations thereof; and wherein said catalyst is supported on a non- zeolite carrier and promoted with a Group IV-B metal.
11. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said second hydrogenation zone contains a catalyst comprised of nickel-titanium-molybdenwn metals, oxides and/or sulfides dispersed on alumina.
12. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said second hydrogenation zone contains a catalyst comprised of nickel-cobalt-molybdenum metals, oxides and/or sulfides dispersed on alumina.
13. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said second hydrogenation zone contains a catalyst comprised of nickel-tungsten metals, oxides and/or sulfides dispersed on alumina.
14. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said liquid product is separated by distillation.
15. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein a portion of ash obtained from said intermediate coal solvent slurry in step 2 is recycled to said first hydrogenation zone.
16. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boils at a temperature in a range of about 150 to about 325°C at ambient pressure.
17. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is selected from the group consisting of #2 fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel, heavy gasoline, light shale oil fractions and light fractions obtained from coal hydrogenation.
18. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature ranging from about 100 to about 375°C.
19. Novel fuel compositions according to claim 1 wherein said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature ranging from about 150 to about 375°C.
EP79301765A 1979-08-29 1979-08-29 Novel fuel compositions Ceased EP0024457A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009014859A3 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-05-07 Energy & Environ Res Ct Found Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1251336A (en) * 1968-02-26 1971-10-27
US3997425A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-12-14 Universal Oil Products Company Process for the liquefaction of coal
DE2728569A1 (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-06-01 Gulf Research Development Co METHOD FOR LIQUIDIZING COAL

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1251336A (en) * 1968-02-26 1971-10-27
US3997425A (en) * 1974-12-26 1976-12-14 Universal Oil Products Company Process for the liquefaction of coal
DE2728569A1 (en) * 1976-11-30 1978-06-01 Gulf Research Development Co METHOD FOR LIQUIDIZING COAL

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NAVY TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, Vol. 3, No. 4, April 1978, pages 41-44 Arlingtion, Virginia, U.S.A. G.H. FIELDING: "Coal/Liquid Hydrocarbon Hybrid Fuel" * Entire article * *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009014859A3 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-05-07 Energy & Environ Res Ct Found Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks

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