EP0022415A1 - Electric cable with cellular insulation material and method of its manufacture - Google Patents

Electric cable with cellular insulation material and method of its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022415A1
EP0022415A1 EP19800401022 EP80401022A EP0022415A1 EP 0022415 A1 EP0022415 A1 EP 0022415A1 EP 19800401022 EP19800401022 EP 19800401022 EP 80401022 A EP80401022 A EP 80401022A EP 0022415 A1 EP0022415 A1 EP 0022415A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable according
blowing agent
electric cable
chemical blowing
polyvinyl chloride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19800401022
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0022415B1 (en
Inventor
Henri Sandjivy
Bernard Ormili
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cables de Lyon SA
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Cables de Lyon SA
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Publication of EP0022415A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022415A1/en
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Publication of EP0022415B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022415B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
    • H01B7/2855—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable using foamed plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0233—Cables with a predominant gas dielectric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical cable for low or medium voltage, with cellular insulation forming at the same time sealing sheath.
  • Electric cables with cellular polyethylene insulation are already known. This, however, is a relatively high density material and quite expensive. Solid insulation cables made of compact polyvinyl chloride, which is less dense and less expensive than polyethylene, have already been used. But we had not succeeded until now in obtaining polyvinyl chloride insulators, because it must be added with plasticizers and fillers to allow its use in cables, and the tests carried out so far of coating of conductors by cellular polyvinyl chloride gave only cables of very irregular thickness, unsatisfactory for industrial use.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical cable with cellular insulation, simultaneously forming a sealing sheath, of polyvinyl chloride, which has a uniform thickness, an expansion of the insulation which is not excessive, a fine structure and a fairly smooth surface appearance, allowing its application in industrial manufacturing.
  • the electric cable according to the invention is characterized in that its insulator consists of expanded polyvinyl chloride up to a percentage of closed pores of about 20 to 40%, by the addition of very fine grains of an agent chemical expansion of decomposition point between 180 ° and 200 ° C approximately.
  • the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing an electric cable as defined above, characterized in that it is passed through an extruder whose head temperature is maintained between 160 ° and 180 ° C, on the one hand by the punch an electrical conductor, on the other hand by the peripheral matrix of polyvinyl chloride added with very fine grains of a chemical blowing agent with a decomposition point of about 180 ° to 200 ° vs.
  • a 0.9 mm diameter copper wire was used which was sheathed with plasticized polyvinyl chloride sold under the commercial designation "Benvic KI 80/100", added with a blowing agent formed from azodicarbonamide. , and in some cases talc playing the role of nucleating agent.
  • the blowing agent was added to the polyvinyl chloride by kneading (with the addition of about 0.5% by weight of wetting agent).
  • the polyvinyl chloride application head was for the delivery screw of the plastic material of a conventional type, used in particular for polyethylene, with a filter formed by a 30/60/120/60 sieve, a punch of 0.92 mm diameter and a 2.2 mm diameter die.
  • the speed of the discharge screw was 68 revolutions / minute, and the pulling speed of 50 m / min.
  • the copper wire was preheated.
  • the invention applies in particular to the insulation of cables and electrical conductors for low voltage.

Abstract

Electrical cable with cellular insulating material forming at the same time a sealing sheath. The insulating material is comprised of vinyl poly-chloride expanded up to a percentage by volume of closed pores of 20 to 40% by addition of very fine grains of a chemical expansion agent of a decomposition point comprised between 180` and 200`C. Application to cables for low or medium voltage.

Description

La présente invention concerne un câble électrique pour basse ou moyenne tension, à isolant cellulaire formant en même temps gaine d'étanchéité.The present invention relates to an electrical cable for low or medium voltage, with cellular insulation forming at the same time sealing sheath.

On connaît déjà des câbles électriques à isolant cellulaire en polyéthylène. Celui-ci est cependant un matériau de densité relativement élevée et assez coûteux. On a déjà utilisé des câbles à isolant plein en poly-chlorure de vinyle compact, matériau moins dense et moins coûteux que le polyéthylène. Mais on n'avait pas réussi jusqu'ici à obtenir des isolants en poly-chlorure de vinyle cellulaire, car celui-ci doit être additionné de plastifiants et de charges pour permettre son usage en câblerie, et les essais effectués jusqu'ici de revêtement de conducteurs par du poly-chlorure de vinyle cellulaire ne donnaient que des câbles d'épaisseur très irrégulière, non satisfaisants pour un usage industriel.Electric cables with cellular polyethylene insulation are already known. This, however, is a relatively high density material and quite expensive. Solid insulation cables made of compact polyvinyl chloride, which is less dense and less expensive than polyethylene, have already been used. But we had not succeeded until now in obtaining polyvinyl chloride insulators, because it must be added with plasticizers and fillers to allow its use in cables, and the tests carried out so far of coating of conductors by cellular polyvinyl chloride gave only cables of very irregular thickness, unsatisfactory for industrial use.

La présente invention a pour but de procurer un câble électrique à isolant cellulaire, formant en même temps gaine d'étanchéité, en poly-chlorure de vinyle, qui présente une épaisseur uniforme, une expansion de l'isolant qui ne soit pas excessive, une structure fine et un aspect superficiel assez lisse, permettant son application en fabrication industrielle.The object of the present invention is to provide an electrical cable with cellular insulation, simultaneously forming a sealing sheath, of polyvinyl chloride, which has a uniform thickness, an expansion of the insulation which is not excessive, a fine structure and a fairly smooth surface appearance, allowing its application in industrial manufacturing.

Le câble électrique selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que son isolant est constitué par du poly-chlorure de vinyle expansé jusqu'à un pourcentage de pores fermés de 20 à 40% environ, par addition de grains très fins d'un agent d'expansion chimique de point de décomposition compris entre 180° et 200°C environ.The electric cable according to the invention is characterized in that its insulator consists of expanded polyvinyl chloride up to a percentage of closed pores of about 20 to 40%, by the addition of very fine grains of an agent chemical expansion of decomposition point between 180 ° and 200 ° C approximately.

Il répond en outre de préférence à au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • - L'agent d'expansion chimique est l'azodicarbonamide.
  • - L'agent d'expansion chimique est en grains de dimension moyenne environ 10 microns.
  • - L'agent d'expansion chimique est en proportion ponaérale de 0,05 à 0,5 % en poids.
  • - Le poly-chlorure de vinyle est également additionné d'un agent de nucléation.
  • - L'agent de nucléation est du talc en grains fins.
  • - Le talc en grains fins est en proportion d'environ 0,5 % en poids.
It also preferably meets at least one of the following characteristics:
  • - The chemical blowing agent is azodicarbonamide.
  • - The chemical blowing agent is in grains of average size about 10 microns.
  • - The chemical blowing agent is in ponaeral proportion from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight.
  • - Polyvinyl chloride is also added with a nucleating agent.
  • - The nucleating agent is talc in fine grains.
  • - Talc in fine grains is in proportion of about 0.5% by weight.

L'invention porte aussi sur un procédé de fabrication d'un câble électrique tel que défini ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait passer dans une extrudeuse dont la température de la tête est maintenue entre 160° et 180°C, d'une part par le poinçon un conducteur électrique, d'autre part par la matrice périphérique du poly- chlorure de vinyle additionné de grains très fins d'un agent d'expansion chimique de point de décomposition d'environ 180° à 200°C.The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing an electric cable as defined above, characterized in that it is passed through an extruder whose head temperature is maintained between 160 ° and 180 ° C, on the one hand by the punch an electrical conductor, on the other hand by the peripheral matrix of polyvinyl chloride added with very fine grains of a chemical blowing agent with a decomposition point of about 180 ° to 200 ° vs.

Il est décrit ci-après à titre d'exemple la fabrication de câbles électriques à basse tension à isolant en poly-chlorure de vinyle selon l'invention et leurs propriétés en fonction des matériaux utilisés et des conditions opératoires.The manufacture of low-voltage electric cables with polyvinyl chloride insulation according to the invention and their properties according to the materials used and the operating conditions are described below by way of example.

On a utilisé un fil de cuivre de 0,9 mm de diamètre que l'on a gainé de poly-chlorure de vinyle plastifié vendu sous la désignation commerciale "Benvic KI 80/100", additionné d'un agent gonflant formé d'azodicarbonamide, et dans certains cas de talc jouant le rôle d'agent de nucléation.A 0.9 mm diameter copper wire was used which was sheathed with plasticized polyvinyl chloride sold under the commercial designation "Benvic KI 80/100", added with a blowing agent formed from azodicarbonamide. , and in some cases talc playing the role of nucleating agent.

L'agent gonflant était ajouté au poly-chlorure de vinyle par enrobage au pétrin (avec addition d'environ 0,5% en poids d'agent mouillant). On a utilisé soit le produit vendu sous la désignation commerciale "Celogen AZ" par la Société Chevassus, soit celui vendu sous la désignation commerciale "AZB" par la Société Française d'Organo-Synthèse. La tête d'application du poly-chlorure de vinyle était à vis de refoulement de la matière plastique d'un type classique, utilisée notamment pour le polyéthylène, avec un filtre formé par un tamis 30/60/120/60, un poinçon de diamètre 0,92 mm et une filière de diamètre 2,2 mm. La vitesse de la vis de refoulement était de 68 tours/minute, et la vitesse de tirage de 50 m/min. Pour certains des essais, le fil de cuivre était préchauffé.The blowing agent was added to the polyvinyl chloride by kneading (with the addition of about 0.5% by weight of wetting agent). We used either the product sold under the commercial designation "Celogen AZ" by the Chevassus Company, or that sold under the commercial designation "AZB" by the French Company of Organo-Synthèse. The polyvinyl chloride application head was for the delivery screw of the plastic material of a conventional type, used in particular for polyethylene, with a filter formed by a 30/60/120/60 sieve, a punch of 0.92 mm diameter and a 2.2 mm diameter die. The speed of the discharge screw was 68 revolutions / minute, and the pulling speed of 50 m / min. For some of the tests, the copper wire was preheated.

Le tableau ci-dessous résume les résultats des essais.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 The table below summarizes the test results.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Bien que le câble électrique et le procédé de préparation qui ont été décrits en référence aux exemples paraissent les formes de réalisation préférables de l'invention, on comprendra que diverses modifications peuvent leur être apportées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. En particulier, certains additifs non nuisibles à l'expansion contrôlée du polychlorure de vinyle peuvent être ajoutés, et les conditions d'extrusion peuvent être modifiées dans une certaine mesure sous la même réserve.Although the electric cable and the preparation process which have been described with reference to the examples appear to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that various modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, certain additives which are not harmful to the controlled expansion of polyvinyl chloride can be added, and the extrusion conditions can be modified to a certain extent subject to the same reservation.

L'invention s'applique en particulier à l'isolation de câbles et conducteurs électriques pour basse tension.The invention applies in particular to the insulation of cables and electrical conductors for low voltage.

Claims (8)

1/ Câble électrique pour basse ou moyenne tension, à isolant cellulaire formant en même temps gaine d'étanchéité, caractérisé en ce que ledit isolant est constitué par du poly-chlorure de vinyle expansé jusqu'à un pourcentage en volume de pores fermés de 20 à 40% environ, par addition de grains très fins d'un agent d'expansion chimique de point de décomposition compris entre 180° et 200°C environ.1 / Electric cable for low or medium voltage, with cellular insulator forming at the same time a sealing sheath, characterized in that said insulator consists of polyvinyl chloride expanded up to a percentage by volume of closed pores of 20 at around 40%, by adding very fine grains of a chemical blowing agent with a decomposition point of between about 180 ° and 200 ° C. 2/ Câble électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'expansion chimique est l'azodicarbonamide.2 / electrical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical blowing agent is azodicarbonamide. 3/ Câble électrique selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'expansion chimique est en grains de dimension moyenne environ 10 microns.3 / electrical cable according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the chemical blowing agent is in grains of average size about 10 microns. 4/ Câble électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'expansion chimique est en proportion pondérale de 0,05 à 0,5 % en poids.4 / electrical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical blowing agent is in weight proportion of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. 5/ Câble électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le poly-chlorure de vinyle est également additionné d'un agent de nucléation.5 / Electric cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyvinyl chloride is also added with a nucleating agent. 6/ Câble électrique selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de nucléation est du talc en grains fins.6 / electrical cable according to claim 6, characterized in that the nucleating agent is talc in fine grains. 7/ Câble électrique selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le talc en grains fins est en proportion d'environ 0,5 % en poids.7 / Electric cable according to claim 7, characterized in that the talc in fine grains is in proportion of about 0.5% by weight. 8/ Procédé de fabrication d'un câble électrique, caractérisé en ce que l'on fait passer dans une extrudeuse dont la température de la tête est maintenue entre 160° et 180°C, d'une part par le poinçon un conducteur électrique, d'autre part par la matrice périphérique du poly-chlorure de vinyle additionné de grains très fins d'un agent d'expansion chimique de point de décomposition d'environ 180° à 200°C.8 / A method of manufacturing an electric cable, characterized in that it is passed through an extruder whose head temperature is maintained between 160 ° and 180 ° C, on the one hand by the punch an electrical conductor, on the other hand by the peripheral matrix of polyvinyl chloride added with very fine grains of a chemical blowing agent with a decomposition point of about 180 ° to 200 ° C.
EP19800401022 1979-07-09 1980-07-04 Electric cable with cellular insulation material and method of its manufacture Expired EP0022415B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7917741A FR2461340A1 (en) 1979-07-09 1979-07-09 CELL INSULATING ELECTRIC CABLE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME
FR7917741 1979-07-09

Publications (2)

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EP0022415A1 true EP0022415A1 (en) 1981-01-14
EP0022415B1 EP0022415B1 (en) 1983-12-14

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EP19800401022 Expired EP0022415B1 (en) 1979-07-09 1980-07-04 Electric cable with cellular insulation material and method of its manufacture

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EP (1) EP0022415B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56500789A (en)
DE (1) DE3065880D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2461340A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1981000169A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2609835A1 (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-07-22 Nordlys SEALING MATERIAL AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE CABLE INDUSTRY

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1036966B (en) * 1956-12-15 1958-08-21 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Electrical cable with waterproof corrugated metal jacket
BE666019A (en) * 1964-07-17 1965-10-18
DE2056520A1 (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-05-27 British Insulated Callenders Telecommunication cables
DE2853626A1 (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-06-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries WIRE INSULATED WITH A FOAMED PLASTIC AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT246703B (en) * 1964-02-22 1966-05-10 Dynamit Nobel Ag Process for the production of masses containing alkali hydroxide with a high alkali or alkaline earth hydride content
BE790023A (en) * 1971-10-14 1973-04-13 Int Standard Electric Corp IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURING OF MULTI-CORE TELEPHONE CABLES
JPS4924577A (en) * 1972-06-29 1974-03-05
JPS4995193A (en) * 1973-01-17 1974-09-10
JPS5321428B2 (en) * 1973-08-17 1978-07-03

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1036966B (en) * 1956-12-15 1958-08-21 Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Electrical cable with waterproof corrugated metal jacket
BE666019A (en) * 1964-07-17 1965-10-18
DE2056520A1 (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-05-27 British Insulated Callenders Telecommunication cables
DE2853626A1 (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-06-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries WIRE INSULATED WITH A FOAMED PLASTIC AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2609835A1 (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-07-22 Nordlys SEALING MATERIAL AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE CABLE INDUSTRY
EP0279718A1 (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-08-24 NORDLYS, Société Anonyme dite: Water-tight material and its use in the cable industry

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2461340A1 (en) 1981-01-30
FR2461340B1 (en) 1982-09-03
WO1981000169A1 (en) 1981-01-22
JPS56500789A (en) 1981-06-11
EP0022415B1 (en) 1983-12-14
DE3065880D1 (en) 1984-01-19

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