Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
  • F02B61/04—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers
  • F02B61/045—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers for marine engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
  • C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B75/00—Other engines
  • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
  • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
  • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
  • F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines

Definitions

• This invention relates to additives for hydrocarbons suitable for use in an internal combustion engine. In one of its aspects, this invention relates to detergent additives for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels.
• an object of this invention to provide a detergent addi.tive for internal combustion engine fuels and lubricants. It is another object of this invention to provide a method for retarding the depositing of solid materials on the surfaces of internal combustion engines. It is still another object of this invention to provide detergent fuel compositions and detergent lubricating compositions for internal combustion engines.
• detergent additives for lubricants and fuels for use in internal combustion engines is provided.
• the detergent additive is those amides made by reaction between aralkyl acids and polyamines.
• the detergent lubricant and fuel additives are particularly effective to keep two-cycle, outboard engines clean.
• this invention provides a fuel or lubricant composition for use in internal combustion engines.
• the composition is a mixture of a fuel or lubricant with a detergent additive amide, produced as described above.
• a method for maintaining the cleanliness of an internal combustion engine by the addition to the hydrocarbon fuel or lubricant for the engine of a detergent additive amide produced as described above.
• Aralkyl acids that are suitable for use to synthesize the additive are those acids that can be prepared by alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, or the like with an unsaturated fatty acid such as the mono-unsaturated acids lauroleic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, oleic, gadoleic, and the like, or with poly-unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, linolenic, or moroctic acids--C18 acids having two, three, and four double bonds, respectively.
• an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, or the like
• an unsaturated fatty acid such as the mono-unsaturated acids lauroleic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, oleic, gadoleic, and the like
• poly-unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, lin
• the aralkyl radical R of the acids can contain from about 11-41 carbon atoms; preferably it will contain 17-29 carbon atoms.
• suitable aralkyl acids are diphenyllauric acid, triphenylpalmitic acid, phenyl stearic acid, and the like in which at least one aromatic radical is combined in the original fatty acid.
• Polyamines that are suitable for use can be represented by the formula NH 2 (CH 2 CH 2 NH) x H in which x is an integer between two and six.
• Examples are diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and tetraethylenepentamine. Especially preferred is the latter amine in which x is four.
• the ratio in which aralkyl acid and polyamine are combined for reaction is about 0.2-1.0 moles of acid per equivalent of nitrogen. Preferably the ratio is between about 0.4-0.8 moles of acid per equivalent of nitrogen.
• reaction can be effected without using a solvent by operating under conditions in which water vapor is removed from the reactants with the aid of a stream of gas, preferably inert, such as nitrogen or argon.
• the reaction can be effected in a solvent such as a hydrocarbon that permits operation under reflux at a temperature of about 100-200°C. Since one mole of water is produced per mole of amide, measurement of evolved water provides a convenient method to follow the extent of the reaction.
• the additive of this invention is useful to prevent or reduce the formation of harmful carburetor and fuel intake system deposits when admixed with the fuel of any internal combustion engines.
• the additive is used at a concentration of about 1-250 pounds per thousand barrels of fuel.
• the additive is also useful with lubricant stocks, particularly solvent refined, paraffinic stock having a viscosity index of 100 or above and a viscosity at 210°F of about 39 to about 100 Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS), preferably about 45 to about 75 SUS.
• Other additives commonly used to formulate lubricants such as viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, and the like can be used in formulation with the additive of this invention without destroying the effectiveness of the additives.
• the following example illustrates the preparation of an amide that is subsequently shown to possess good detergent properties when incorporated into the lubricant for a two-cycle outboard engine.
• Amide was prepared by combining 2238 g (6.0 moles) of phenylstearic acid (Neofat L-PS from Armak Co.) and 378 g (2.0 moles) of tetraethylenepentamine in a flask fitted with a stirrer,' a water-cooled reflux condenser, a Barrett water trap, and a heating mantle. After addition of 835 ml of xylene the mixture was heated to boiling and maintained at reflux for 3.2 hours during which interval 125 ml (6.9 moles) of water was collected. Water in excess of the expected 6.0 moles was presumably present as an impurity in the reactants. Solvent was removed from the product by distillation at 132°C kettle temperature at 7 torr pressure.
• the solvent-free additive was incorporated into a lubricating oil blend at a concentration of 10.1 volume percent.
• the resulting mixture was combined with gasoline in the volume ratio 1:50, respectively, and tested for 100 hours in a 25 horsepower Johnson two-cycle outboard engine at wide open throttle (about 4800-4900 rpm) except for five minutes of idling at hourly intervals.
• the additive was evaluated by the Piston Varnish Test, a rating system developed by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) that indicates the relative amount of varnish deposit on a piston. In this system a rating of 10 designates a clean piston and zero designates a very dirty one. This system is used by the Boating Industry Association to certify two-cycle lubricants for service TC-W. A satisfactory additive should produce a Piston Varnish rating of at least 9.0.
• the additive made and evaluated as described in this example received a 9.7 rating.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=21808611

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (3)

Citations (1)

• 1980
  • 1980-01-03 CA CA343,000A patent/CA1133012A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-04 AU AU55190/80A patent/AU518067B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1980-02-25 JP JP2262880A patent/JPS55125200A/ja active Pending
  • 1980-02-27 BR BR8001135A patent/BR8001135A/pt unknown
  • 1980-03-01 EP EP80101023A patent/EP0016972A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1980-03-14 ES ES489558A patent/ES8102724A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1980-03-19 NO NO800790A patent/NO800790L/no unknown

Patent Citations (1)

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