EP0013018B1 - Heating installation comprising a heating circuit, a boiler and a heat-pump - Google Patents

Heating installation comprising a heating circuit, a boiler and a heat-pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0013018B1
EP0013018B1 EP79105317A EP79105317A EP0013018B1 EP 0013018 B1 EP0013018 B1 EP 0013018B1 EP 79105317 A EP79105317 A EP 79105317A EP 79105317 A EP79105317 A EP 79105317A EP 0013018 B1 EP0013018 B1 EP 0013018B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
evaporator
heat
heating installation
pressure
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EP79105317A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0013018A1 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Behrens
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Euroterm Te Bromma Zweden AB
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Euroterm AB
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Priority claimed from DE19782855485 external-priority patent/DE2855485A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19792919877 external-priority patent/DE2919877A1/en
Application filed by Euroterm AB filed Critical Euroterm AB
Priority to AT79105317T priority Critical patent/ATE8177T1/en
Publication of EP0013018A1 publication Critical patent/EP0013018A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device with a heating circuit and a heating system located therein, in particular an oil or gas heating system, with an exhaust gas duct in which the evaporator, which can be acted upon with the support of a blower, optionally by exhaust gas, exhaust gas / outside air mixture or outside air a refrigerant-circulating heat pump is arranged to exchange heat, the condenser of which is heat-exchanging in the heating circuit.
  • Such a heating device is known from DE-A-2 647 216. It has the advantage that heat energy can be recovered from the flue gases of the heating furnace with the help of the heat pump, and that the heat pump can cover this alone - without using the heating furnace - with a relatively low energy requirement of the heating circuit.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that these problems can be eliminated in a (at least) bivalent operated heat pump as easily as suddenly by an independent of the temperature of the outside air and only load-dependent connection of the heating device. Accordingly, it consists in that a control unit switches on the heating system depending on the pressure (or the temperature) of the refrigerant in the evaporator when the pressure (or the temperature) falls below a predetermined lower limit and when the pressure (or the temperature) exceeds a predetermined limit. Temperature). If the pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator of the heat pump is low, the control unit switches on the heating device so that the heating circuit and thus the condenser of the heat pump quickly reaches the optimal temperature of approx. 30-40 ° C for heat pump operation.
  • the volume throughput of the fan can preferably be regulated and is reduced when the heating is switched on. If the evaporator of the heat pump is only exposed to outside air, then a volumetrically much higher throughput is required than when operating with an exhaust gas or exhaust gas / air mixture. If the requirement of the fan, which is required in both cases, were fixed to one operating state, the heat pump could not work optimally in the other operating state.
  • a further development of the invention is that a further control device is provided which, depending on the refrigerant pressure in the condenser of the heat pump, switches off the circulating pump of the heating circuit when the pressure falls below a certain minimum.
  • the control of the circulation pump not by a thermostat that records the room or outside temperature, but by the pressure in the heat pump condenser ensures the adaptation of the heat pump state to the heating circuit and prevents, for example shows that the circulation of the heating circuit is interrupted, although the heat pump circuit needs the heat exchange in the condenser.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heating kettle) 1 with the associated heating, not shown in detail.
  • the heated in the boiler 1 heat transfer medium usually water, flows through the heating circuit 2, in which a plurality of radiators 3 are turned on; only a single radiator is shown in the present case.
  • a circulation pump 4 ensures the forced circulation of the heat transfer medium.
  • the flue gases from the heating system are released through the flue gas duct 6. Of the building in which the heating system is arranged, only the roof 7 is indicated.
  • An adjustable flap 8 in the exhaust duct 6 makes it possible to direct the exhaust gas into a branch 9 through the evaporator 12 of a heat pump 13 described below and a further branch 10 back into the exhaust duct 6.
  • a connection 19 in which there is an adjusting flap 21 ambient air can be led into the branch 9 via the opening 20 and admixed with the exhaust gas flowing to the evaporator 12.
  • a fan 22 in the branch 10 ensures the required flow of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / air mixture.
  • the fan 22 is advantageously speed-controllable, so that it produces a substantially higher, for example 10 times the throughput in pure air operation than in exhaust gas / air operation. Furthermore, a return line 29 for cold air (or cold air / exhaust gas mixture) branching off behind the blower 22 can be provided in the connection 19; the control flap 21 is designed and arranged such that it opens either the fresh air or the cold air supply to the opening 20.
  • the heat pump 13 also includes a compressor 14, a condenser 15 and an expansion valve 16. With the associated pipelines, these components form a secondary circuit which is filled with a refrigerant which is circulated by the compressor 14.
  • the refrigerant heated in the evaporator 12 flows through the pipeline 17 into the compressor 14.
  • the temperature rises sharply.
  • the condenser 15 which is in heat exchange connection with the heating circuit 2
  • the heat of the refrigerant is largely given off to the heat transport medium circulated in the heating circuit 2.
  • the refrigerant in the expansion valve 16 expands, it cools down strongly, so that the refrigerant is ready to absorb heat again in the evaporator 12.
  • the temperatures in the evaporator are usually 0 to + 5 ° C, in the condenser 80 to 90 ° C.
  • a valve arrangement is designated, through which a short-circuit connection 26 of the flow and return of the heating circuit 2 can be effected if the heating of the heating circuit 2 takes place only by such heat that the heat pump 13 draws the ambient air drawn in through the connection 19 from the blower 22 .
  • FIG. 1 shows - albeit schematically - the design of a heating device with the features that can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the same parts have the same reference numerals and do not require a new explanation here. Deviations and additions are described below.
  • the flow is denoted by 5 'and the return by 5 "; the dashed line 30 indicates what belongs to a heating device according to the invention of simple construction and can be set up as a compact unit at the place of use.
  • the boiler 1 of the burner is indicated 38, which the control by the Contro e - advises 37 subject to: via a measuring line 36 is the pressure in the evaporator 12 of the heating pump 13 is measured, and when falling below a predetermined minimum pressure, the control device 37 switches over the signal line 36 'the burner 38 a.
  • the pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator 12 its temperature can also be used to control the burner 38.
  • a base frame 33 standing on the floor 34 supports the boiler 1 and - partly via supports 32 for an upper frame 31 - all other components of the heating device.
  • the evaporator 12 of the heat pump 13 is supported on the upper frame 31.
  • a drip tray 23 which collects condensed water and condensed pollutants.
  • the exhaust duct is reduced to an exhaust nozzle 6 '. Otherwise, the exhaust gas duct continues in a connecting line 11, which surrounds the exhaust pipe 6 ′ with an enlarged section 11 ′ in such a way that ambient air enters the connecting line 11 according to the arrows 18 and there - if the burner 38 is in operation - can mix with the exhaust gas.
  • the air (or the exhaust gas / air mixture) accelerated by the blower 22 comes out of the building through the outlet connection 24 in the building wall 25.
  • a chimney is not required because the gas that has escaped has cooled down and been cleaned.
  • FIG. 3 has been expanded compared to that in FIG. 2 by numerous additional devices for the purpose of multivalent heat use. Again, the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals as in the previous figures. This also applies to FIG. 4, which in terms of circuitry illustrates the structural design of the heating device shown in FIG. 3.
  • the blower 22 arranged in the outlet connection 24 also sucks either air according to the arrows 18 or air and additionally exhaust gas according to the arrows 18 'into the connecting duct 11 and through the evaporator 12 of the heat pump.
  • an inlet 56 is provided through which warm external air (for example from a swimming pool) can be supplied.
  • a heat exchanger 48 is provided which is acted upon on the primary side via a line 59 by a heat transfer medium heated by solar energy (in a manner not shown here). The air entering according to arrows 18 can thus be preheated.
  • a connecting line - not shown here - can lead from the outlet port 24 to the inlet port with the heat exchanger 48, so that the cooled exhaust air is returned to the connecting line 11.
  • the exhaust air flowing out of the outlet connection 24 according to the arrows 24 ′ can also be used for the air conditioning (cooling) of rooms; if necessary by exchanging heat with fresh air.
  • the air duct shown on the left in FIG. 4 illustrates this, with the heat exchanger 67 and the air line 68 of an air conditioning system.
  • the heat exchanger 48 is only acted on when only solar heat of a low temperature level is available.
  • the solar heat is fed directly to the domestic water (hot water); this is not shown in FIG. 3, but is indicated in FIG. 4.
  • the heat transport medium in question is fed via line 41 to a heat exchanger 40 which is acted upon on the secondary side by the return 5 "of the heating circuit 2, which then enters and leaves the condenser 15 of the heat pump this at its connection to a heat exchanger 42, which is also in the heat pump circuit and which carries domestic water via line 43 on the secondary side.
  • the refrigerant circulated by the compressor 14 in the heat pump circuit arrives after leaving the condenser 15 into a collector 28 and from there into a heat exchanger 44 which, with the aid of a blower 46 according to the arrows 47, the ambient air or - with the aid of a pipeline (not shown) - the air in one warmed another room.
  • a branch 51 is provided, which leads via an expansion valve 16 'to an evaporator 12' only shown in FIG. 4.
  • the return line bears the reference number 52.
  • the circulation pump 55 in the heating circuit 2 is controlled by a pressure switch 57, which measures the pressure (or the temperature) in the condenser 15 via the line 58 and switches the circulation pump 55 off when the pressure falls below a certain minimum pressure in the condenser 15.
  • Fig. 4 complements the representation of Fig. 3 somewhat.
  • a line 41 ' is provided, which extends the line 41 from the solar device 61 to a heat exchanger 62, which is used for basic heating of the process water.
  • the circulation pump 63 is shown for the circulation of the heat transport medium that heats the process water.
  • the circulation pumps 63 and 55 are connected to one another by a line 64.
  • a check valve 65 is located in line 64, and a further check valve 66 is provided between the circulation pump 55 (in the heating circuit 2) and the branch point of the line 64.
  • the cross connection of the feeds consists of a line 69 with a valve 70, which is opened by a thermostatically controlled priority switch when the process water needs heat.
  • a combustion gas turbine generator for generating electrical energy can be arranged between the burner 38 and the boiler 1 and supplies certain electrical auxiliary units with electricity. This applies primarily to the compressor 14, but possibly also the fans 22 and 46 and other electrically operated devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Heizeinrichtung mit einem Heizungskreislauf und einer in diesem liegenden Heizfeuerung, insbesondere einer ÖI- oder Gasheizung, mit einem Abgaskanal, in dem der mit Unterstützung durch ein Gebläse wahlweise von Abgas, Abgas-Außenluft-Gemisch oder Außenluft beaufschlagbare Verdampfer einer ein Kältemittel umwälzenden Wärmepumpe wärmetauschend angeordnet ist, deren Kondensator wärmetauschend im Heizungskreislauf liegt.The invention relates to a heating device with a heating circuit and a heating system located therein, in particular an oil or gas heating system, with an exhaust gas duct in which the evaporator, which can be acted upon with the support of a blower, optionally by exhaust gas, exhaust gas / outside air mixture or outside air a refrigerant-circulating heat pump is arranged to exchange heat, the condenser of which is heat-exchanging in the heating circuit.

Eine derartige Heizeinrichtung ist aus der DE-A-2 647 216 bekannt. Sie hat den Vorteil, daß aus den Abgasen der Heizfeuerung mit Hilfe der Wärmepumpe Wärmeenergie zurückgewonnen werden kann, und daß die Wärmepumpe bei relativ geringem Energiebedarf des Heizungskreislaufs diesen - ohne in Anspruchnahme der Heizfeuerung - auch allein decken kann.Such a heating device is known from DE-A-2 647 216. It has the advantage that heat energy can be recovered from the flue gases of the heating furnace with the help of the heat pump, and that the heat pump can cover this alone - without using the heating furnace - with a relatively low energy requirement of the heating circuit.

Bisher war es beim Betrieb (mindestens) bivalent eingesetzter Wärmepumpen - auch Abgas-Wärmepumpen - üblich, die Heizfeuerung in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur der Außenluft zuzuschalten. Das ist jedoch nachteilig, weil eine mit relativ kalter Außenluft ohne Anlaufunterstützung betriebene Wärmepumpe zumindest über einen längeren Zeitraum unwirtschaftlich arbeitet. Ist nämlich die Temperatur der Umgebungsluft gering, so ist beim Anlaufen der Wärmepumpe auch der verdampferseitige Druck des Kältemittels gering und bleibt es, solange der Heizungskreislauf nicht mindestens eine Temperatur von ca. 30°C erreicht hat. Bei geringem Druck des Kältemittels im Verdampfer ist aber auch der Wärmetransport gering, so daß sich der Heizungskreislauf nur sehr langsam erwärmt. Die Leistungsziffer der Wärmepumpe (Wirkungsgrad) ist klein; ihr Stromverbrauch steht in keinem Verhältnis zu der an den Heizungskreislauf abgegebenen Wärmemenge.Until now, it has been common (at least) to use heat pumps that are used in a bivalent manner - including exhaust gas heat pumps - to switch on the heating system depending on the temperature of the outside air. However, this is disadvantageous because a heat pump operated with relatively cold outside air without start-up support works uneconomically at least over a longer period of time. If the temperature of the ambient air is low, the pressure on the evaporator side of the refrigerant is also low when the heat pump starts up, and remains so as long as the heating circuit has not reached at least a temperature of approx. 30 ° C. At low pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator, however, the heat transport is also low, so that the heating circuit heats up very slowly. The performance figure of the heat pump (efficiency) is small; their electricity consumption is disproportionate to the amount of heat given off to the heating circuit.

Erst von demjenigen Druckgefälle des Kältemittels an, welcher zu jener Mindesttemperatur im Heizungskreislauf gehört, kann die Wärmepumpe sinnvoll, nämlich wirtschaftlich arbeiten. Bei ca. 30 bis 40°C Kondensator-Temperatur hat sie ihre optimale Leistungsziffer; bei noch höherer Kondensator-Temperatur verringert sich die Leistungsziffer wieder und tritt hoher Kompressorverschleiß ein.Only from the pressure drop of the refrigerant that belongs to that minimum temperature in the heating circuit can the heat pump work sensibly, namely economically. At approx. 30 to 40 ° C condenser temperature, it has its optimal performance figure; at an even higher condenser temperature, the performance figure decreases again and high compressor wear occurs.

Die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Betriebes einer Wärmepumpe für Heizungszwecke hängt somit wesentlich davon ab, daß sie gleichmäßig im optimalen Leistungsbereich betrieben wird, nur dann ergibt sich ein vorteilhaftes Verhältnis von Stromverbrauch und Gewinn an Wärmeenergie. Monovalent im Rahmen eines Heizungskreislaufs betriebene Wärmepumpen mit der allgemein üblichen Nachtabsenkung der Heizungskreislauf-Temperatur müssen an diesem Mangel besonders leiden, den zu beseitigen die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist.The economic viability of operating a heat pump for heating purposes depends largely on the fact that it is operated uniformly in the optimal performance range, only then is there an advantageous ratio of power consumption and gain in thermal energy. Monovalently operated heat pumps in the context of a heating circuit with the generally usual nightly lowering of the heating circuit temperature must suffer particularly from this deficiency, which is the object of the present invention to remedy.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß durch eine von der Temperatur der Außenluft unabhängige und allein lastabhängige Zuschaltung der Heizeinrichtung diese Probleme bei einer (mindestens) bivalent betriebenen Wärmepumpe ebenso einfach wie schlagartig beseitigt werden können. Sie besteht demgemäß darin, daß ein Steuergerät in Abhängigkeit von dem Druck (oder der Temperatur) des Kältemittels im Verdampfer die Heizfeuerung bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen unteren Grenzwerts des Drucks (bzw. der Temperatur) einschaltet und bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Grenzwerts des Drucks (bzw. Temperatur) ausschaltet. Ist der Druck des Kältemittels im Verdampfer der Wärmepumpe klein, so schaltet das Steuergerät die Heizeinrichtung ein, damit der Heizungskreislauf und damit der Kondensator der Wärmepumpe rasch die für den Wärmepumpenbetrieb optimale Temperatur von ca. 30-40°C erreicht. Dieser Beharrungszustand - bzw. ein solcher von höherer Temperatur - wird dann allein durch die mit Außenluft beaufschlagte Wärmepumpe aufrechterhalten. Gelingt dies nicht, weil die Temperatur der Außenluft zu gering ist, so sinkt entsprechend der Druck im Verdampfer und schaltet den Brenner wieder zu. Andererseits schaltet das Steuergerät den Brenner immer dann ab, wenn ein zu hoher Druck im Verdampfer signalisiert, daß das ihn beaufschlagende Abgas bzw. Abgas-Außenluft-Gemisch zu heiß und die Auskondensierung von Schadstoffen (unter Gewinn der Verdampfungswärme) nicht gewährleistet ist.The invention is based on the knowledge that these problems can be eliminated in a (at least) bivalent operated heat pump as easily as suddenly by an independent of the temperature of the outside air and only load-dependent connection of the heating device. Accordingly, it consists in that a control unit switches on the heating system depending on the pressure (or the temperature) of the refrigerant in the evaporator when the pressure (or the temperature) falls below a predetermined lower limit and when the pressure (or the temperature) exceeds a predetermined limit. Temperature). If the pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator of the heat pump is low, the control unit switches on the heating device so that the heating circuit and thus the condenser of the heat pump quickly reaches the optimal temperature of approx. 30-40 ° C for heat pump operation. This steady state - or one of higher temperature - is then maintained solely by the heat pump charged with outside air. If this does not succeed because the temperature of the outside air is too low, the pressure in the evaporator drops accordingly and switches the burner on again. On the other hand, the control unit switches off the burner whenever an excessively high pressure in the evaporator signals that the exhaust gas or exhaust gas / outside air mixture acting on it is too hot and the condensation of pollutants (to gain the heat of vaporization) is not guaranteed.

Vorzugsweise ist der Volumendurchsatz des Gebläses regelbar und bei eingeschalteter Heizfeuerung verringert. Wenn der Verdampfer der Wärmepumpe nur mit Außenluft beaufschlagt wird, dann bedarf es eines volumetrisch sehr viel höheren Durchsatzes als beim Betrieb mit Abgas bzw. Abgas-Luft-Gemisch. Würde die Forderung des Gebläses, welches in beiden Fällen erforderlich ist, auf den einen Betriebszustand festgelegt, so könnte die Wärmepumpe im anderen Betriebszustand nicht optimal arbeiten.The volume throughput of the fan can preferably be regulated and is reduced when the heating is switched on. If the evaporator of the heat pump is only exposed to outside air, then a volumetrically much higher throughput is required than when operating with an exhaust gas or exhaust gas / air mixture. If the requirement of the fan, which is required in both cases, were fixed to one operating state, the heat pump could not work optimally in the other operating state.

Ferner ist in dem Fall, daß das Gebläse dem Verdampfer nachgeschaltet ist, vorteilhaft vorgesehen, daß eine in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Gebläse ansetzende Rückführleitung in den Abgas- bzw. Luftkanal vor dem Verdampfer mündet. Dadurch unterbleibt die bei Frischluft-Zumischung eintretende Taupunkts-Absenkung, und es tritt nur eine Temperaturabsenkung ein.Furthermore, in the event that the blower is connected downstream of the evaporator, it is advantageously provided that a return line starting in the flow direction behind the blower opens into the exhaust gas or air duct in front of the evaporator. As a result, the dew point drop that occurs when fresh air is mixed in, and only a temperature drop occurs.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß ein weiteres Steuergerät vorgesehen ist, welches in Abhängigkeit vom Kältemitteldruck im Kondensator der Wärmepumpe die Umwälzpumpe des Heizkreislaufs abschaltet, wenn ein bestimmter Mindestdruck unterschritten wird. Die Steuerung der Umwälzpumpe nicht durch einen die Raum- oder Außentemperatur aufnehmenden Thermostaten, sondern durch den Druck im Wärmepumpen-Kondensator sichert die Anpassung des Wärmepumpen-Zustandes an den Heizkreislauf und verhindert beispielsweise, daß die Umwälzung des Heizkreislaufs unterbrochen wird, obgleich der Wärmepumpenkreis den Wärmetausch im Kondensator benötigt.A further development of the invention is that a further control device is provided which, depending on the refrigerant pressure in the condenser of the heat pump, switches off the circulating pump of the heating circuit when the pressure falls below a certain minimum. The control of the circulation pump not by a thermostat that records the room or outside temperature, but by the pressure in the heat pump condenser ensures the adaptation of the heat pump state to the heating circuit and prevents, for example shows that the circulation of the heating circuit is interrupted, although the heat pump circuit needs the heat exchange in the condenser.

Weitere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der übrigen Unteransprüche.Further advantageous developments are the subject of the remaining subclaims.

Die Zeichnungen veranschaulichen die Erfindung an Ausführungsbeispieten, und zwar zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine Abgas-Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage sehr einfacher Art in schematischer Schaltungsdarstellung, im wesentlichen gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
  • Fig. 2 eine ebenfalls schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus eines kompakten Geräts mit im wesentlichen denselben Eigenschaften, aber einer zusätzlichen erfindungsgemäßen Steuerungseinrichtung;
  • Fig. 3 eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung eines mit weiteren Einrichtungen zur multivalenten Wärmenutzung ausgestatteten Geräts; und
  • Fig. 4 einen schematischen Schaltplan der in Fig. dargestellten Anlage zur besseren Verdeutlichung der Wirkungsweise.
The drawings illustrate the invention in exemplary embodiments and shows
  • 1 shows an exhaust gas heat recovery system of a very simple type in a schematic circuit diagram, essentially according to the prior art;
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of the construction of a compact device with essentially the same properties, but with an additional control device according to the invention;
  • 3 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 of a device equipped with further devices for multivalent heat use; and
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the system shown in Fig. To better illustrate the mode of operation.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Heizkesse) 1 mit der dazugehörenden, nicht im einzelnen dargestellten Heizfeuerung. Das im Heizkessel 1 erwärmte Wärmetransportmedium, üblicherweise Wasser, durchströmt den Heizungskreislauf 2, in welchen mehrere Heizkörper 3 eingeschaltet sind; dargestellt ist im vorliegenden Fall nur ein einziger Heizkörper. Eine Umwälzpumpe 4 gewährleistet den Zwangsumlauf des Wärmetransportmediums.Fig. 1 shows a heating kettle) 1 with the associated heating, not shown in detail. The heated in the boiler 1 heat transfer medium, usually water, flows through the heating circuit 2, in which a plurality of radiators 3 are turned on; only a single radiator is shown in the present case. A circulation pump 4 ensures the forced circulation of the heat transfer medium.

Die Abgase der Heizfeuerung gelangen durch den Abgaskanal 6 ins Freie. Von dem Gebäude, in welchem die Heizanlage angeordnet ist, ist lediglich das Dach 7 angedeutet.The flue gases from the heating system are released through the flue gas duct 6. Of the building in which the heating system is arranged, only the roof 7 is indicated.

Eine verstellbare Klappe 8 im Abgaskanal 6 ermöglicht es, das Abgas in eine Abzweigung 9 durch den Verdampfer 12 einer nachstehend beschriebenen Wärmepumpe 13 sowie eine weitere Abzweigung 10 zurück in den Abgaskanal 6 zu leiten. Durch den Anschluß 19, in welchem sich eine Stellklappe 21 befindet, kann Umgebungsluft über die Öffnung 20 in die Abzweigung 9 geführt und dem zum Verdampfer 12 strömenden Abgas beigemischt werden. Ein Gebläse 22 in der Abzweigung 10 gewährleistet die erforderliche Strömung des Abgases bzw. des Abgas/ Luft-Gemisches.An adjustable flap 8 in the exhaust duct 6 makes it possible to direct the exhaust gas into a branch 9 through the evaporator 12 of a heat pump 13 described below and a further branch 10 back into the exhaust duct 6. Through the connection 19, in which there is an adjusting flap 21, ambient air can be led into the branch 9 via the opening 20 and admixed with the exhaust gas flowing to the evaporator 12. A fan 22 in the branch 10 ensures the required flow of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas / air mixture.

Das Gebläse 22 ist vorteilhaft drehzahiregelbar, so daß es bei reinem Luftbetrieb einen wesentlich höheren, beispielsweise den 10fachen Durchsatz bewirkt als im Abgas/Luft-Betrieb. Ferner kann eine hinter dem Gebläse 22 abzweigende Rückführleitung 29 für kalte Luft (bzw. kaltes Luft/Abgas-Gemisch) in den Anschluß 19 vorgesehen sein; die Stellklappe 21 ist so ausgebildet und angeordnet, daß sie entweder die Frischluft oder die Kaltluftzufuhr zur Öffnung 20 hin öffnet.The fan 22 is advantageously speed-controllable, so that it produces a substantially higher, for example 10 times the throughput in pure air operation than in exhaust gas / air operation. Furthermore, a return line 29 for cold air (or cold air / exhaust gas mixture) branching off behind the blower 22 can be provided in the connection 19; the control flap 21 is designed and arranged such that it opens either the fresh air or the cold air supply to the opening 20.

Zur Wärmepumpe 13 gehört neben dem Verdampfer 12 ein Verdichter 14, ein Kondensator 15 und ein Expansionsventil 16. Mit den zugehörigen Rohrleitungen bilden diese Bauteile einen Sekundärkreislauf, welcher mit einem Kältemittel gefüllt ist, das vom Kompressor 14 umgewälzt wird.In addition to the evaporator 12, the heat pump 13 also includes a compressor 14, a condenser 15 and an expansion valve 16. With the associated pipelines, these components form a secondary circuit which is filled with a refrigerant which is circulated by the compressor 14.

Das im Verdampfer 12 erwärmte Kältemittel strömt durch die Rohrleitung 17 in den Kompressor 14. Bei der Verdichtung des Kältemittels steigt die Temperatur stark an. Im Kondensator 15, welcher mit dem Heizungskreislauf 2 in Wärmetauschverbindung steht, wird die Wärme des Kältemittels weitgehend an das im Heizungskreislauf 2 umgewälzte Wärmetransportmittel abgegeben. Bei der Expansion des Kältemittels im Expansionsventil 16 erfolgt dessen starke Abkühlung, so daß das Kältemittel zur erneuten Wärmeaufnahme im Verdampfer 12 bereit ist. Üblicherweise betragen die Temperaturen im Verdampfer 0 bis +5°C, im Kondensator 80 bis 90° C.The refrigerant heated in the evaporator 12 flows through the pipeline 17 into the compressor 14. When the refrigerant is compressed, the temperature rises sharply. In the condenser 15, which is in heat exchange connection with the heating circuit 2, the heat of the refrigerant is largely given off to the heat transport medium circulated in the heating circuit 2. When the refrigerant in the expansion valve 16 expands, it cools down strongly, so that the refrigerant is ready to absorb heat again in the evaporator 12. The temperatures in the evaporator are usually 0 to + 5 ° C, in the condenser 80 to 90 ° C.

Mit 25 ist eine Ventilanordnung bezeichnet, durch die eine Kurzschlußverbindung 26 von Vorlauf und Rücklauf des Heizungskreislaufs 2 bewirkt werden kann, wenn die Erwärmung des Heizungskreislaufs 2 nur durch solche Wärme erfolgt, die der Wärmepumpe 13 der durch den Anschluß 19 vom Gebläse 22 angesaugten Umgebungsluft entzieht.With 25 a valve arrangement is designated, through which a short-circuit connection 26 of the flow and return of the heating circuit 2 can be effected if the heating of the heating circuit 2 takes place only by such heat that the heat pump 13 draws the ambient air drawn in through the connection 19 from the blower 22 .

Fig. zeigt - wenn auch schematisch - die konstruktive Ausbildung einer Heizeinrichtung mit den der Fig. 1 entnehmbaren Merkmalen. Gleiche Teile tragen gleiche Bezugszeichen und erfordern hier keine neuerliche Erläuterung. Abweichungen und Ergänzungen werden nachstehend beschrieben.FIG. 1 shows - albeit schematically - the design of a heating device with the features that can be seen in FIG. 1. The same parts have the same reference numerals and do not require a new explanation here. Deviations and additions are described below.

Im Heizungskreislauf 2 ist der Vorlauf mit 5' und der Rücklauf mit 5" bezeichnet; die gestrichelte Linie 30 gibt an, was zu einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung einfachen Aufbaus gehört und als kompaktes Aggregat an dem Benutzungsort aufgestellt werden kann.In the heating circuit 2, the flow is denoted by 5 'and the return by 5 "; the dashed line 30 indicates what belongs to a heating device according to the invention of simple construction and can be set up as a compact unit at the place of use.

Am Heizkessel 1 ist der Brenner 38 angegeben, welcher der Kontrolle durch das Steuerge- rät 37 unterliegt: Über eine Meßleitung 36 wird der Druck im Verdampfer 12 der Wärmepume 13 gemessen, und bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Mindestdrucks schaltet das Steuergerät 37 über die Signalleitung 36' den Brenner 38 ein. Statt des Drucks des Kältemittels im Verdampfer 12 kann auch dessen Temperatur zur Steuerung des Brenners 38 herangezogen werden.The boiler 1 of the burner is indicated 38, which the control by the Contro e - advises 37 subject to: via a measuring line 36 is the pressure in the evaporator 12 of the heating pump 13 is measured, and when falling below a predetermined minimum pressure, the control device 37 switches over the signal line 36 'the burner 38 a. Instead of the pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator 12, its temperature can also be used to control the burner 38.

Ein auf dem Boden 34 aufstehender Grundrahmen 33 trägt den Heizkessel 1 sowie - teilweise über Stützen 32 für einen Oberrahmen 31 - alle weiteren Bauteile der Heizeinrichtung. Der Verdampfer 12 der Wärmepumpe 13 ist auf dem Oberrahmen 31 abgestützt. Darunter befindet sich eine Tropfschale 23, welche Kondenswasser und kondensierte Schadstoffe auffängt.A base frame 33 standing on the floor 34 supports the boiler 1 and - partly via supports 32 for an upper frame 31 - all other components of the heating device. The evaporator 12 of the heat pump 13 is supported on the upper frame 31. Below this is a drip tray 23, which collects condensed water and condensed pollutants.

Der Abgaskanal ist auf einen Abgasstutzen 6' reduziert. Im übrigen setzt sich der Abgaskanal in einer Verbindungsleitung 11 fort, die den Abgasstutzen 6' mit einem erweiterten Abschnitt 11' so umgibt, daß Umgebungsluft gemäß den Pfeilen 18 in die Verbindungsleitung 11 eintreten und sich dort - falls der Brenner 38 im Betrieb ist - mit dem Abgas vermischen kann.The exhaust duct is reduced to an exhaust nozzle 6 '. Otherwise, the exhaust gas duct continues in a connecting line 11, which surrounds the exhaust pipe 6 ′ with an enlarged section 11 ′ in such a way that ambient air enters the connecting line 11 according to the arrows 18 and there - if the burner 38 is in operation - can mix with the exhaust gas.

Durch den Auslaßstutzen 24 in der Gebäudewand 25 gelangt die vom Gebläse 22 beschleunigte Luft (bzw. das Abgas/Luft-Gemisch) aus dem Gebäude heraus. Eines Schornsteines bedarf es nicht, da das austretende Gas ausgekühlt und gereinigt ist.The air (or the exhaust gas / air mixture) accelerated by the blower 22 comes out of the building through the outlet connection 24 in the building wall 25. A chimney is not required because the gas that has escaped has cooled down and been cleaned.

Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Heizeinrichtung ist gegenüber derjenigen in Fig. 2 um zahlreiche Zusatzeinrichtungen zum Zwecke multivalenter Wärmenutzung erweitert. Wiederum sind gleiche Teile mit denselben Bezugszeichen wie in den voraufgegangenen Figuren bezeichnet. Das gilt auch für Fig. 4, welche schaltungsmäßig den in Fig. 3 dargestellten konstruktiven Aufbau der Heizeinrichtung verdeutlicht.The heating device shown in FIG. 3 has been expanded compared to that in FIG. 2 by numerous additional devices for the purpose of multivalent heat use. Again, the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals as in the previous figures. This also applies to FIG. 4, which in terms of circuitry illustrates the structural design of the heating device shown in FIG. 3.

Das im Auslaßstutzen 24 angeordnete Gebläse 22 saugt auch hier entweder Luft gemäß den Pfeilen 18 oder Luft und zusätzlich Abgas gemäß den Pfeilen 18' in den Verbindungskanal 11 und durch den Verdampfer 12 der Wärmepumpe. Zusätzlich ist ein Einlaß 56 vorgesehen, durch den warme Fremdluft (beispielsweise aus einem Schwimmbad) zugeführt werden kann. Am Einlaß für die Umgebungsluft ist ein Wärmetauscher 48 vorgesehen, der primärseitig über eine Leitung 59 von einem durch Solarenergie (in hier nicht näher dargestellter Weise) erwärmten Wärmetransportmedium beaufschlagt ist. Die gemäß den Pfeilen 18 eintretende Luft kann somit vorgewärmt werden. Ferner kann eine - hier nicht dargestellte - Verbindungsleitung vom Auslaßstutzen 24 zum Einlaßstutzen mit dem Wärmetauscher 48 führen, so daß die gekühlte Fortluft in die Verbindungsleitung 11 zurückgeführt wird. Die aus dem Auslaßstutzen 24 gemäß den Pfeilen 24' strömende Fortluft kann ferner dazu verwendet werden, zur Klimatisierung (Kühlung) von Räumen verwendet zu werden; gegebenenfalls im Wärmetausch mit Frischluft. Die in Fig. 4 links dargestellte Luftführung veranschaulicht dies, mit dem Wärmetauscher 67 und der Luftleitung 68 einer Klimaanlage.The blower 22 arranged in the outlet connection 24 also sucks either air according to the arrows 18 or air and additionally exhaust gas according to the arrows 18 'into the connecting duct 11 and through the evaporator 12 of the heat pump. In addition, an inlet 56 is provided through which warm external air (for example from a swimming pool) can be supplied. At the inlet for the ambient air, a heat exchanger 48 is provided which is acted upon on the primary side via a line 59 by a heat transfer medium heated by solar energy (in a manner not shown here). The air entering according to arrows 18 can thus be preheated. Furthermore, a connecting line - not shown here - can lead from the outlet port 24 to the inlet port with the heat exchanger 48, so that the cooled exhaust air is returned to the connecting line 11. The exhaust air flowing out of the outlet connection 24 according to the arrows 24 ′ can also be used for the air conditioning (cooling) of rooms; if necessary by exchanging heat with fresh air. The air duct shown on the left in FIG. 4 illustrates this, with the heat exchanger 67 and the air line 68 of an air conditioning system.

Mit Hilfe eines Schaltorgans 60 wird der Wärmetauscher 48 nur dann beaufschlagt, wenn nur Solarwärme von niedrigem Temperaturniveau zur Verfügung steht. Im allgemeinen wird die Solarwärme unmittelbar dem Brauchwasser (Warmwasser) zugeführt; dies ist in Fig. 3 nicht dargestellt, aber in Fig. 4 angegeben. Liegt genügend Solarwärme vor oder ist diese zur Brauchwassererwärmung nicht geeignet, so wird das betreffende Wärmetransportmedium über die Leitung 41 einem Wärmetauscher 40 zugeführt, welcher sekundärseitig vom Rücklauf 5" des Heizungskreislaufes 2 beaufschlagt ist. Dieser tritt sodann in den Kondensator 15 der Wärmepumpe ein und verläßt diesen an seiner Verbindung mit einem ebenfalls im Wärmepumpenkreislauf liegenden Wärmetauscher 42, welcher sekundärseitig über die Leitung 43 Brauchwasserführt.With the aid of a switching element 60, the heat exchanger 48 is only acted on when only solar heat of a low temperature level is available. In general, the solar heat is fed directly to the domestic water (hot water); this is not shown in FIG. 3, but is indicated in FIG. 4. If there is sufficient solar heat or if this is not suitable for heating domestic water, the heat transport medium in question is fed via line 41 to a heat exchanger 40 which is acted upon on the secondary side by the return 5 "of the heating circuit 2, which then enters and leaves the condenser 15 of the heat pump this at its connection to a heat exchanger 42, which is also in the heat pump circuit and which carries domestic water via line 43 on the secondary side.

Das vom Kompressor 14 im Wärmepumpenkreis umgewälzte Kältemittel gelangt nach Verlassen des Kondensators 15 in einen Sammler 28 und von diesem in einen Wärmetauscher44, welcher mit Hilfe eines Gebläses 46 gemäß den Pfeilen 47 die Umgebungsluft oder - unter Zuhilfenahme einer nicht dargestellten Rohrleitung - die Luft in einem anderen Raum erwärmt. Vor Erreichen des Expansionsventils 16 ist ein Abzweig 51 vorgesehen, welcher über ein Expansionsventil 16' zu einem nur in Fig. 4 dargestellten Verdampfer 12' führt. Die Rücklaufleitung trägt das Bezugszeichen 52.The refrigerant circulated by the compressor 14 in the heat pump circuit arrives after leaving the condenser 15 into a collector 28 and from there into a heat exchanger 44 which, with the aid of a blower 46 according to the arrows 47, the ambient air or - with the aid of a pipeline (not shown) - the air in one warmed another room. Before reaching the expansion valve 16, a branch 51 is provided, which leads via an expansion valve 16 'to an evaporator 12' only shown in FIG. 4. The return line bears the reference number 52.

Die Umwälzpumpe 55 im Heizungskreislauf 2 unterliegt der Steuerung durch einen Druckschalter 57, welcher über die Leitung 58 den Druck (bzw. die Temperatur) im Kondensator 15 mißt und die Umwälzpumpe 55 bei Unterschreiten eines bestimmten Mindestdrucks im Kondensator 15 abschaltet.The circulation pump 55 in the heating circuit 2 is controlled by a pressure switch 57, which measures the pressure (or the temperature) in the condenser 15 via the line 58 and switches the circulation pump 55 off when the pressure falls below a certain minimum pressure in the condenser 15.

Fig. 4 ergänzt die Darstellung der Fig. 3 noch etwas. So ist eine Leitung 41' vorgesehen, welche die Leitung 41 von der Solareinrichtung 61 zu einem Wärmetauscher 62 verlängert, welcher zur Grunderwärmung des Brauchwassers dient. Ferner ist die Umwälzpumpe 63 für die Umwälzung des das Brauchwasser erwärmenden Wärmetransportmediums eingezeichnet. Druckseitig sind die Umwälzpumpen 63 und 55 durch eine Leitung 64 miteinander verbunden. In der Leitung 64 befindet sich ein Rückschlagventil 65, und ein weiteres Rückschlagventil 66 ist zwischen der Umwälzpumpe 55 (im Heizungskreislauf 2) und dem Abzweigpunkt der Leitung 64 vorgesehen. Die Funktion der Querverbindung mit der Leitung 64 und den Rückschlagventilen 65, 66 wurde oben bereits erläutert. Die Querverbindung der Vorläufe besteht aus einer Leitung 69 mit einem Ventil 70, welches durch einen thermostätisch gesteuerten Vorrang-Schalter geöffnet wird, wenn das Brauchwasser Wärme benötigt.Fig. 4 complements the representation of Fig. 3 somewhat. Thus, a line 41 'is provided, which extends the line 41 from the solar device 61 to a heat exchanger 62, which is used for basic heating of the process water. Furthermore, the circulation pump 63 is shown for the circulation of the heat transport medium that heats the process water. On the pressure side, the circulation pumps 63 and 55 are connected to one another by a line 64. A check valve 65 is located in line 64, and a further check valve 66 is provided between the circulation pump 55 (in the heating circuit 2) and the branch point of the line 64. The function of the cross connection with the line 64 and the check valves 65, 66 has already been explained above. The cross connection of the feeds consists of a line 69 with a valve 70, which is opened by a thermostatically controlled priority switch when the process water needs heat.

Bei Störung des Brenners 38 wird mittels elektrischer Verriegelung die gesamte Anlage, vor allem die Wärmepumpe ausgeschaltet.If the burner 38 malfunctions, the entire system, especially the heat pump, is switched off by means of electrical locking.

Zwischen dem Brenner 38 und dem Kessel 1 kann bei geeigneter Ausbildung des Brenners ein Brenngasturbinen-Generator zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie angeordnet werden, der bestimmte elektrische Hilfsaggregate mit Strom versorgt. Das gilt in erster Linie für den Verdichter 14, gegebenenfalls aber auch die Lüfter 22 und 46 sowie weitere elektrisch betriebene Einrichtungen.With a suitable design of the burner, a combustion gas turbine generator for generating electrical energy can be arranged between the burner 38 and the boiler 1 and supplies certain electrical auxiliary units with electricity. This applies primarily to the compressor 14, but possibly also the fans 22 and 46 and other electrically operated devices.

Es ist auch möglich, statt des einen in dem in Fig. 2 und 3 dargestellten Druckmeßgeräts (Meßleistung 36) deren zwei anzuordnen, die mit dem Steuergerät 37 und einem Fühler für die Außentemperatur derart zusammenwirken, daß bei höherer Außentemperatur (beispielsweise oberhalb 8°C) auf einen niedrigeren Grenzwert-Druck im Verdampfer umgeschaltet wird als bei niedriger Außentemperatur.It is also possible to arrange two instead of one in the pressure measuring device (measuring power 36) shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, which cooperate with the control device 37 and a sensor for the outside temperature in such a way that at a higher outside temperature (for example above 8 ° C. ) is switched to a lower limit pressure in the evaporator than at a low outside temperature.

Claims (10)

1. A heating installation having a heating circuit (2) and a heating furnace (1) lying in it, in particular oil or gas fired, and having an exhaust flue (6) in which there is arranged in heat-exchange relationship the evaporator (12) of a heat pump (13) in which circulates a refrigerant, where the said evaporator may with assistance from a blower (22) be acted upon at option by flue gas, by a mixture of flue gas and outside air, or by outside air, and the condenser (15) of the said heat pump lies in heat-exchange relationship in the heating circuit (2), characterized in that a control apparatus (37) is provided, which with the blower (22) running switches on the heating furnace (1) in dependence upon the pressure (or the temperature) of the refrigerant in the evaporator (12) and upon the pressure (or resp the temperature) falling below a predetermined lower limiting value, and switches off the said furnace upon a predetermined limiting value of the pressure (or resp. the temperature) being exceeded.
2. A heating installation as in claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric throughput of the blower (22) is adjustable and is reduced upon the heating furnace (1) being switched on.
3. A heating installation as in claim 1 or 2, having the blower (22) connected after the evaporator (12), characterized in that a return lead (29) applied behind the blower (22) in the direction of flow, opens out into the exhaust flue or airduct before the evaporator (12).
4. A heating installation as in claim 3, characterized in that regulating damper (21) at option opens an outside air connection (19) or the return lead (29) towards the evaporator (12).
5. A heating installation as in claim 4, characterized in that the regulating damper (21) and an adjustable damper (8) at the branching off from the exhaust flue (6) , of a branch (9, 10) containing the evaporator (12), have a common drive.
6. A heating installation as in claim 1 or one of the succeeding claims, characterized by a further control apparatus (57) dependent upon the pressure of the refrigerant in the condenser (15) for the switching-off of the circulating pump (55) in the heating circuit (2) upon the pressure falling below a certain minimum pressure.
7. A heating installation as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the heating circuit (2) in front of the condenser (15) of the heat pump (13) in the direction of flow a heat-exchanger (40) is connected, which on the primary side is acted upon by a solar thermal device (61).
8. A heating installation as in claim 7, characterized in that a heat-exchanger (48) is provided, which on the primary side is likewise acted upon by the solar thermal device and which on the secondary side receives air intended for introduction into the evaporator (12) of the heat pump (13).
9. A heating installation as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connection (56) is provided for the introduction of hot exhaust air into the evaporator (12) of the heat pump (13).
10. A heating installation as in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the event of trouble in the burner (38) the whole plant is switched off because of electrical interlocking.
EP79105317A 1978-12-22 1979-12-21 Heating installation comprising a heating circuit, a boiler and a heat-pump Expired EP0013018B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79105317T ATE8177T1 (en) 1978-12-22 1979-12-21 HEATING INSTALLATION WITH A HEATING CIRCUIT, A FURNACE AND A HEAT PUMP.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782855485 DE2855485A1 (en) 1978-12-22 1978-12-22 Heating system combined with heat pump - uses temp. and pressure of circulating refrigerant to control boiler burner operation
DE2855485 1978-12-22
DE2919877 1979-05-17
DE19792919877 DE2919877A1 (en) 1979-05-17 1979-05-17 Heat recovery from exhaust gases leaving boiler combustion chamber - uses gases to heat evaporator, as well as heat exchanger and condenser in heat pump circuit

Publications (2)

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EP0013018A1 EP0013018A1 (en) 1980-07-09
EP0013018B1 true EP0013018B1 (en) 1984-06-27

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EP79105317A Expired EP0013018B1 (en) 1978-12-22 1979-12-21 Heating installation comprising a heating circuit, a boiler and a heat-pump

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EP (1) EP0013018B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1120465A (en)
DK (1) DK547979A (en)
FI (1) FI793650A (en)
NO (1) NO152268C (en)
SE (1) SE438547B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK547979A (en) 1980-06-23
CA1120465A (en) 1982-03-23
EP0013018A1 (en) 1980-07-09
NO793745L (en) 1980-06-24
SE7909528L (en) 1980-06-23
NO152268B (en) 1985-05-20
SE438547B (en) 1985-04-22
FI793650A (en) 1980-06-23
NO152268C (en) 1985-08-28

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