EP0011488A1 - Heat bonded paper - Google Patents

Heat bonded paper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011488A1
EP0011488A1 EP79302579A EP79302579A EP0011488A1 EP 0011488 A1 EP0011488 A1 EP 0011488A1 EP 79302579 A EP79302579 A EP 79302579A EP 79302579 A EP79302579 A EP 79302579A EP 0011488 A1 EP0011488 A1 EP 0011488A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
fibres
resin
web
resinous additive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP79302579A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Quentin Miles Drew
Roger Philip Nicholas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wiggins Teape Group Ltd filed Critical Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Publication of EP0011488A1 publication Critical patent/EP0011488A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/14—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene polyethylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/47—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • D21H17/49—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with compounds containing hydrogen bound to nitrogen
    • D21H17/51—Triazines, e.g. melamine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen

Definitions

  • This invention relates to heat-bonded paper webs made from a blend of natural cellulosic fibres and'synthetic thermoplastic fibres.
  • Paper webs have traditionally been formed from cellulosic fibres derived from various materials of vegetable origin, for example woodpulp. Where it is desirable for the web to be susceptible to heat treatment, it has been proposed to incorporate a proportion of synthetic thermoplastic fibres in the web. Originally, chopped staple fibres were proposed for this purpose. However, such fibres are unfibrillated and incapable of hydrogen bonding, and thus they are inherently unsuited to the production of strong paper webs. With the exception of one or two speciality products therefore, the inclusion of chopped staple fibres in paper webs has not been widespread.
  • synthetic woodpulp fibres have become available. These fibres are produced specially for use in papermaking, and have a gross morphology (i.e. length: diameter ratio) and diameter of the same order-of magnitude as cellulosic papermaking fibres derived from woodpulp. They also resemble cellulosic fibres in being fibrillated to a considerable extent, and they thus permit stronger webs to be obtained than is the case with chopped staple fibres. Examples of commercially-available synthetic wood- pulps are "SWP" supplied by Crown Zellerbach, "Pulpex” supplied by Solvay, and "Ferlosa” supplied by Montedison, all of which are polyethylenic. Fibres of other polyolefins may be used.
  • thermoplastic fibres characterised in that the web also contains a resinous additive.
  • the resinous additive may be a synthetic or a natural material.
  • a suitable natural resin is rosin.
  • Suitable synthetic resins include materials sold as wet- strength resins for paper, for example aminoplast resins such as melamine formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde resin. Melamine formaldehyde resin is particularly preferred (in this specification, the expression "resin"comprehends not only polymers having a large number of repeating units, but also so-called prepolymers or pre-condensates which have only a relatively small number of repeating units).
  • polyamine resins such as epichlorohydrin-modified polyamine or polyamidepolyamine resins, polyethylene imine resins, and the resins sold as "Kymene” by Hercules Powder Company and "Nopcobond” by Diamond Shamrock Corporation.
  • the amount of resjnous additive to be used is of the order of a few per cent, based on the total weight of the paper. Above a certain % addition, the improvement in properties after heat bonding levels off. For melamine formaldehyde resin, optimum results art achieved with additions of at least 2%.
  • the relative proportions of cellulosic and synthetic thermoplastic fibres in the web may vary widely. Enhanced properties are obtained for example at 25%, 50% and 75% synthetic contents. Preferably however, the amount of synthetic fibres is from about 30% to about 50% based on the total fibre content.
  • the type of cellulosic pulp used is not critical.. Bleached or unbleached softwood or hardwood kraft pulps may for example be used.
  • a pre-heating step may be carried out to cure the resin before heat bonding at a higher temperature is carried out.
  • the resinous additive may be incorporated in the web by methods normally used in the paper industry for the inclusion of additives. Beater addition is preferred.
  • the furnish should be relatively free-beaten if it is desired to achieve an especially stretchable product.
  • Heat bonding may be carried out by conventional techniques such as passage round a heated roller or passage through a heating tunnel.
  • the present invention is applicable to the manufacture of products for a range of uses, but is particularly suited to the manufacture of base paper for bookbinding.
  • Such paper needs to have good tear strength and tensile strength, and to be capable of stretching to a considerable degree. It is also desirable that it should be capable of easily accepting an emboss, for example a simulated leather emboss.
  • emboss for example a simulated leather emboss.
  • Such papers are conventionally made from latex containing wholly cellulosic webs. The present invention thus makes it possible to dispense with the need to incorporate latex into the paper-making furnish or with the need for a separate saturation step.
  • melamine formaldehyde additive may be pre-heated to cure the resin before heat bonding treatment is carried out.
  • the procedure involved taking some of the 2% MF handsheets prepared for Example 2 above and stoving them in an oven at 105°C for ten minutes before carrying out the three minute heat-treatment at 160°C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a heat bonded paper web comprising cellulosic fibres, synthetic thermoplastic fibres and a resinous additive. It has been found that the tear strength, tensile strength and stretch properties of the heat bonded web are improved by adding a resinous additive to the paper before heat bonding. Paper according to the invention is particularly suitable for base paper for book binding.

Description

  • This invention relates to heat-bonded paper webs made from a blend of natural cellulosic fibres and'synthetic thermoplastic fibres.
  • Paper webs have traditionally been formed from cellulosic fibres derived from various materials of vegetable origin, for example woodpulp. Where it is desirable for the web to be susceptible to heat treatment, it has been proposed to incorporate a proportion of synthetic thermoplastic fibres in the web. Originally, chopped staple fibres were proposed for this purpose. However, such fibres are unfibrillated and incapable of hydrogen bonding, and thus they are inherently unsuited to the production of strong paper webs. With the exception of one or two speciality products therefore, the inclusion of chopped staple fibres in paper webs has not been widespread.
  • In recent years, so-called synthetic woodpulp fibres have become available. These fibres are produced specially for use in papermaking, and have a gross morphology (i.e. length: diameter ratio) and diameter of the same order-of magnitude as cellulosic papermaking fibres derived from woodpulp. They also resemble cellulosic fibres in being fibrillated to a considerable extent, and they thus permit stronger webs to be obtained than is the case with chopped staple fibres. Examples of commercially-available synthetic wood- pulps are "SWP" supplied by Crown Zellerbach, "Pulpex" supplied by Solvay, and "Ferlosa" supplied by Montedison, all of which are polyethylenic. Fibres of other polyolefins may be used.
  • Although synthetic woodpulp fibres produce reasonably strong paper webs when blended with cellulosic fibres, it is frequently desirable to heat the web after it has been made to soften the thermoplastic material and thus to enhance the strength of the web by increasing the extent of inter- fibre bonding.
  • It has now surprisingly been found that the tear strength, tensile strength and stretch properties of a heat-bonded paper web made from a blend of cellulose fibres and synthetic thermoplastic fibres may be considerably enhancedby including a resinous additive in the paper web before heat bonding.
  • According to the invention therefore, there is provided a heat-bonded paper web comprising cellulosic fibres and synthetic thermoplastic fibres characterised in that the web also contains a resinous additive.
  • The resinous additive may be a synthetic or a natural material. An example of a suitable natural resin is rosin. Suitable synthetic resins include materials sold as wet- strength resins for paper, for example aminoplast resins such as melamine formaldehyde resin and urea formaldehyde resin. Melamine formaldehyde resin is particularly preferred (in this specification, the expression "resin"comprehends not only polymers having a large number of repeating units, but also so-called prepolymers or pre-condensates which have only a relatively small number of repeating units). Other materials which may be used include polyamine resins, such as epichlorohydrin-modified polyamine or polyamidepolyamine resins, polyethylene imine resins, and the resins sold as "Kymene" by Hercules Powder Company and "Nopcobond" by Diamond Shamrock Corporation.
  • The amount of resjnous additive to be used is of the order of a few per cent, based on the total weight of the paper. Above a certain % addition, the improvement in properties after heat bonding levels off. For melamine formaldehyde resin, optimum results art achieved with additions of at least 2%.
  • The relative proportions of cellulosic and synthetic thermoplastic fibres in the web may vary widely. Enhanced properties are obtained for example at 25%, 50% and 75% synthetic contents. Preferably however, the amount of synthetic fibres is from about 30% to about 50% based on the total fibre content. The type of cellulosic pulp used is not critical.. Bleached or unbleached softwood or hardwood kraft pulps may for example be used.
  • In the case of a cross-linkable resin, such as a cross-linkable melamine-formaldehyde resin, a pre-heating step may be carried out to cure the resin before heat bonding at a higher temperature is carried out.
  • The resinous additive may be incorporated in the web by methods normally used in the paper industry for the inclusion of additives. Beater addition is preferred.
  • The furnish should be relatively free-beaten if it is desired to achieve an especially stretchable product.
  • Heat bonding may be carried out by conventional techniques such as passage round a heated roller or passage through a heating tunnel.
  • The present invention is applicable to the manufacture of products for a range of uses, but is particularly suited to the manufacture of base paper for bookbinding. Such paper needs to have good tear strength and tensile strength, and to be capable of stretching to a considerable degree. It is also desirable that it should be capable of easily accepting an emboss, for example a simulated leather emboss. Such papers are conventionally made from latex containing wholly cellulosic webs. The present invention thus makes it possible to dispense with the need to incorporate latex into the paper-making furnish or with the need for a separate saturation step.
  • The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples, in which all percentages are by weight, and the synthetic fibres in every case were polyolefin fibres:-
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • Four sets of laboratory handsheets of substance 100 g/m 2 were prepared using a 50% woodpulp - 50% synthetic furnish (the woodpulp was a bleached softwood kraft pulp). One set contained no additives, the second a 2% Kymene resin addition, the third a 2% melamine formaldehyde addition, and the fourth a 2% rosin addition. The melamine formaldehyde and rosin additions were made in the presence of alum. The tear strength, tensile strength and stretch properties were then determined. The sheets were then heat-bonded in a laboratory oven for a period of 3 minutes at a temperature of 160°C. The tear strength, tensile strength and % stretch properties were then re-measured. The mean results are set out in Table 1 below:-
    Figure imgb0001
     It will he seen that in each case, the properties obtained with resinous additives in the sheet are considerably better than those obtained in the absence of additives.
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • This demonstrates the effect of different levels of melamine formaldehyde addition. 100 g/m2 handsheets were made by the procedure generally described in Example 1, and the results obtained are set out in Table 2 below:-
    Figure imgb0002
  • It will be seen that whilst a 3% melamine formaldehyde addition produces the most significant enhancement in the properties measured, above 2% addition there is little further effect.
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • This demonstrates that the melamine formaldehyde additive may be pre-heated to cure the resin before heat bonding treatment is carried out. The procedure involved taking some of the 2% MF handsheets prepared for Example 2 above and stoving them in an oven at 105°C for ten minutes before carrying out the three minute heat-treatment at 160°C.
  • The results obtained were as follows:-
    Figure imgb0003
  • It will be seen that although these results are marginally worse than obtained with a 2% MF addition without stoving, they represent a significant improvement on the values obtained without any additive.
    • EXAMPLE 4
  • This illustrates the effect of changing the relative proportions of cellulosic and synthetic fibres in the sheet. 100 g/m2 handsheets containing 3% MF were prepared from furnishes containing 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% synthetic fibres. The sheets were heat bonded in a laboratory oven at 160°C for 3 minutes, and the tear strength, tensile strength and % stretch properties were measured. The results for the bonded sheets are as shown in Table 4 below:-
    Figure imgb0004
     It will be seen that the greatest improvement in properties occurred with a 50% synthetic content.

Claims (10)

1. A heat-bonded paper web comprising cellulosic fibres and synthetic thermoplastic fibres characterised in that the web also contains a resinous additive.
2. Paper as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the synthetic thermoplastic fibres are present in an amount of from 30 to 50% of the total fibre content.
3. Paper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resinous additive is rosin.
4. Paper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resinous additive is a wet strength resin.
5. Paper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resinous additive is a polyamine resin.
6. Paper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resinous additive is a polyamide-polyamine resin.
7. Paper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resinous additive is a polyethylene-imine resin.
8. Paper as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the resinous additive is an aminoplast resin.
9. Paper as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the aminoplast resin is a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
10. Paper as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the melamine-formaldehyde resin is present in an amount of at least 2% of the total weight of the paper.
EP79302579A 1978-11-17 1979-11-14 Heat bonded paper Withdrawn EP0011488A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7844903 1978-11-17
GB7844903 1978-11-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0011488A1 true EP0011488A1 (en) 1980-05-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP79302579A Withdrawn EP0011488A1 (en) 1978-11-17 1979-11-14 Heat bonded paper

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EP (1) EP0011488A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2475085A1 (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-07 Grace W R Ltd FIBROUS PIECE COMPRISING A THERMOSETTING RESIN, COMPOUND MATERIAL CONTAINING A THERMOSETTING RESIN AND A THERMOPLASTIC ORGAN, TRAINING METHOD AND BATTERY SEPARATOR CONTAINING THE FIBROUS PIECE
EP0116414A1 (en) * 1983-01-26 1984-08-22 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Paperlike sheet materials
DE3908685A1 (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-02-15 Japan Pulp & Paper Co Ltd Paper sheets for production of a postcard for confidential communications, and process for the production thereof
WO2023074691A1 (en) * 2021-10-25 2023-05-04 国立大学法人京都大学 Resin composition, molded body using this, and production method of resin composition

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3669829A (en) * 1969-02-04 1972-06-13 Montedison Spa Paper and paper-like fibrous structures from mixtures of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers
DE2358506A1 (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-06-12 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Coated paper of high surface strength - produced from polyolefinic pulps
GB1423967A (en) * 1973-03-26 1976-02-04 Papeteries De Genval Process for producing a wallpaper

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3669829A (en) * 1969-02-04 1972-06-13 Montedison Spa Paper and paper-like fibrous structures from mixtures of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers
DE2358506A1 (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-06-12 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Coated paper of high surface strength - produced from polyolefinic pulps
GB1423967A (en) * 1973-03-26 1976-02-04 Papeteries De Genval Process for producing a wallpaper

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2475085A1 (en) * 1980-02-06 1981-08-07 Grace W R Ltd FIBROUS PIECE COMPRISING A THERMOSETTING RESIN, COMPOUND MATERIAL CONTAINING A THERMOSETTING RESIN AND A THERMOPLASTIC ORGAN, TRAINING METHOD AND BATTERY SEPARATOR CONTAINING THE FIBROUS PIECE
EP0116414A1 (en) * 1983-01-26 1984-08-22 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Paperlike sheet materials
DE3908685A1 (en) * 1988-07-07 1990-02-15 Japan Pulp & Paper Co Ltd Paper sheets for production of a postcard for confidential communications, and process for the production thereof
WO2023074691A1 (en) * 2021-10-25 2023-05-04 国立大学法人京都大学 Resin composition, molded body using this, and production method of resin composition

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19810318

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Inventor name: NICHOLAS, ROGER PHILIP

Inventor name: DREW, QUENTIN MILES